DEFINITION, FORMS, AND
FUNCTION OF STATE
Presented by:Blessy Mae lomosbog
Samantha lumosbog
State
taken from the Latin stare (to stand) is a political community
that occupies a definite territory, having a government of their
own, wherein a great number of inhabitants render obedience
and enjoy freedom from external control (Social Dynamics, 83).
Aristotle- Define the state as a “union of families and
villages having for it's end a perfect and self-
sufficing life by which it meant a happy and good
life”
Woodrow Wilson- “State is a person organized for
law within a definite territory ”
Garner- "State is a community of people live in a definite
form of territory free of external control and possessing an
organized government to which people show habitual
agreement".
PHILIPPINES
The Philippines is a
democratic and republican
State. Sovereignty resides
in the people and all
government authority
emanated from them.
ARTICLE II, SECTION I OF
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of
government wherein power is equally divided among its
three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.... The
Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and
repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine
Congress. The government seeks to act in the best
interests of its citizens through this system of check and
balance.
Physical bases of the state Political bases of the state
1. Population 3. Government
2. Territory 4. Sovereignty
1. POPULATION - 2. TERRITORY- there can be no
it is the people who make the state
state. Population is essential without a fixed territory.
for the state. Greek thinkers People need territory to live
were of the view that the and organize themselves
population should neither be socially and politically. It may
too big nor too small. But it be remembered that the
should be large enough to be territory of the state includes
self-sufficing and small land, water and air space.
enough to be well governed. Territory is necessary for
citizenship.
4.SOVEREIGNTY
3. GOVERNMENT there can be no
state without government. It is the -the fourth essential element of the
working agency of the state as well state which means supreme and
as the political organization of the final legal authority above and
state. beyond which no legal power
Prof. Appadorai defined exists.
government as the agency through Sovereignty has two aspects:
which the force of the State is 1. Internal sovereignty means that
formulated, expressed, and realized. the State is supreme over all its
According to C.F. Strong, in order to citizens, and associations.
make and enforce laws the state 2. External sovereignty means that
must have highest authority. This is the State is independent and free
called the Government. from foreign or outside control.
ELEMENT'S OF THE STATE
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATE AND
SOCIETY
STATE SOCIETY
1. State came into
existence after the 1. Society is prior to the
origin of the society. state.
2. The scope of the 2. The scope of society is
state is limited. much wider.
3. The state has 3. Society has no power to
power to enforce enforce laws.
laws
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATE AND
NATION
STATE NATION
1. Modern phenomenon
1. Existed not only at or occurrence.
present but also in the 2. It is ethnic cultural.
ancient period. 3. People
2. It is legal political. psychologically joined
3. People organized for together with common
law within a definite will to live together.
territory
NATION
The word “nation” is derived
from Latin word “natio” which
means birth or race. The terms
nation and state are used
synonym
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STATE AND
GOVERNMENT
STATE GOVERNMENT
1. State consists of population, 1. Government is part of a state.
territory, government and
sovereignty. 2. Government is temporary it may come
and go.
2. State is permanent and
3. Powers of the government are derived
continues forever.
from the state.
3. State possesses original
powers.
ARISTOTLE'S CLASSIFICATION OF GOVERNMENT
NUMBER OF RULE'S NORMAL FORM PERVERTED FORM
One Monarchy Tyranny
few Aristocracy Oligarchy
many Polity Democracy
Aristotle's political philosophy is summarized in this text.
He contrasts various forms of government: monarchy
(rule by one), with tyranny as its corrupt form; aristocracy
(rule by a few intellectuals), considered ideal but
impractical; and polity (rule by the middle class), deemed
the most efficient due to its members' economic stability
and education. Democracy, while popular, is criticized for
its potential for chaos and corruption due to the
economic challenges of the masses.
FUNCTION OF THE STATE
Every state has specific roles and duties that it carries on
a daily basis. But do you know the explicit functions of the
state?
1. Protect the Natural Rights
The primary functions of government are to protect the basic human
rights which include right to life, liberty and to possess property. The
idea of natural rights is because every person deserves to enjoy these
rights.
2. Defend Against External Enemies
War across nations has been a constant condition since the
beginning of civilisation The government has a responsibility to
ensure peace within its borders.
3. Managing Economic Conditions
The modern government has a duty to fight poverty and
improve the quality of life of its citizens. In order to achieve
this, the government must create a conducive environment
for material prosperity and economic growth
4. Redistribution of Income and Resources
Governments should ensure economic pie grows larger to redistribute
früits of prosperity. The government does this by taxing wealthier
people and transferring the income to different categories of people
who are in need of these services.
Other functions of a state are maintaining law, order and stability,
resolving various kinds of disputes through the legal system, looking
out for the welfare of the population in ways that are beyond the
means of the individual, such as implementing public health
measures as currently seen in our society, providing mass education
and underwriting expensive medical research.
Philippine President Rodrigo Roa Duterte, Leader of the Republican
State
This global pandemic has been a big challenged to our state and to our
government. Our political leaders are continuously seeking and finding
resources to help the needy citizens in this time of uncertainty caused
by COVID-19 pandemic.