ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification TEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 45: Internet of Things

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Pham Chien Thang Student ID BH01999

Class SE07103 Assessor name Ha Ngoc Linh

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature
Thang
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Table of Contents

I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 5

II. Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate ................................................................ 6

1. Components and functions of those components in IoT……………………………………………………………………………………..7

2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs available for use in IoT development
a. Architecture ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7
b. Framework ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
c. Tools ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
d. Hardwares ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14
e. APIS .................................................................................................................................................................................. 18
3. IoT system development process and the influence of standards in IoT system design………………….19
4. Evaluate the information I have provided above……………………………………………………………………………21
5. Analyze IoT architecture forms and provide use-cases for each form…………………………………………….23

III. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... IV.

References ......................................................................................................................................

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List of Figures
Figure 1 IOT illustrative example ............................................................................................................................................. 8

Figure 2 Smart home aplications ........................................................................................................................................... 10

Figure 3 Smart city aplications ............................................................................................................................................... 11

Figure 4 Wearable aplications ............................................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 5 Aplications of IOT in health care .............................................................................................................................. 14

Figure 6 IOT architecture ....................................................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 7 Eclipse framework ................................................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 8 Calvin framework ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

Figure 9 Eclipse ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19

Figure 10 Arduino IDE ............................................................................................................................................................ 19

Figure 11 ThingsBoard platform ............................................................................................................................................ 20

Figure 12 Blynk platform ....................................................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 13 Tinkercad simulator ............................................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 14 Arduino Uno R3 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22

Figure 15 Wifi esp8266 NodeMcu ......................................................................................................................................... 23

Figure 16 The sensors ............................................................................................................................................................ 23

Figure 17 Wearable electronics ............................................................................................................................................. 24

Figure 18 6 architectural levels………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………24

I. Introduction
IoT (Internet of Things) is a network of smart devices connected via the internet, allowing
them to exchange data and operate without direct human intervention. In today’s rapidly
advancing technological landscape, IoT has become an essential part of daily life, impacting areas
like smart homes, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture.The applications of IoT are diverse.
In smart homes, IoT enables automation of devices such as lights, air conditioners, and security
systems. In healthcare, it supports remote health monitoring, allowing doctors to continuously
track patients' conditions. IoT is also widely used in industries to monitor and optimize
production processes.In the current era, IoT plays a crucial role in enhancing operational

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 efficiency, saving time and resources. Furthermore, it creates opportunities to develop new
services and improve the overall quality of life.

II. Analyse what aspects of IoT are necessary and

appropriate when designing software
applications

1. Components and functions of those components in IoT

Main Components of IoT and Their Functions:

1. Sensing
Sensing is a core function of IoT. Sensors are used to collect data from the surrounding environment, such as
temperature, humidity, light, motion, or sound. This data is the foundation for IoT systems, providing the
information needed for analysis and decision-making.
o Example: Temperature sensors, humidity sensors.
2. Actuation
Actuation refers to IoT's ability to perform actions based on sensor data or user commands. Actuators can
turn devices on/off or adjust them to change the state of the system or environment.
o Example: Turning lights or air conditioning on/off remotely, adjusting temperature or light intensity.
3. Connectivity
IoT devices need to connect with each other and with other systems to transmit data and receive commands.
This connection can be established through wired or wireless technologies.
o Example: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G/5G, Zigbee.
4. Data Processing and Analysis
After data is collected from sensors, it needs to be processed and analyzed to extract valuable insights. This can
happen locally on the device or on the cloud. Processed data is used to optimize systems and make automated
decisions.
o Example: Analyzing environmental data to adjust smart irrigation systems.
5. User Interface (UI)
The user interface allows users to interact with IoT devices through applications or systems. Users can monitor
data, control devices, receive notifications, and issue commands through the interface.
o Example: Remote monitoring apps, smart home control applications. IoT Architecture

IoT systems generally have a three-layer architecture:

• Device Layer: Includes sensors and actuators.

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• Network Layer: Ensures the connection and data transmission between devices.
• Application Layer: Includes software for processing, management, and user interfaces to control and analyze
data.

Figure 1 IOT illustrative example

2. Review standard architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware

and APIs available for use in IoT development
a. Architecture
Here are the four layers of IoT architecture described in detail:

• Things, sensors and controllers o Sensor - Sensors, actuators, devices included in this
sensor class. These Sensors or Actuators accept data, process it, and broadcast it
over the network.
o They can be embedded into the devices themselves or deployed as standalone
objects for telemetry measurement and data collection. Think, for example, of
agricultural sensors that measure parameters such as the temperature and

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 humidity of the air and soil, the pH level of the soil, or the exposure of crops to
sunlight.
• Gateways and data acquisition o It is critical to processes that collect, filter, and
transfer data to edge infrastructure and cloud-based platforms. Given the sheer
volume of inputs and outputs that deployments of millions of devices can generate,
the ability to aggregate, select, and transport data should be in the spotlight. As the
intermediary between cloud- connected things and analytics, gateways and data
collection systems provide the necessary connection point that links the rest of the
layers together.
o Advanced gateways primarily open the connection between the Sensor network
and the Internet also perform many basic gateway functions such as malware
protection and filtering some decision-making based on entered data and
services. data management,...
• Edge analytics o While not an essential component of every IoT architecture, edge
devices can offer significant benefits, especially for large-scale IoT projects.
o In light of the limited accessibility and data transfer speeds of IoT cloud
platforms, edge systems can provide faster response times and more flexibility in
processing and analyzing IoT data.
o Since edge infrastructure can be physically located closer to the data source, it
will be easier and faster for it to work on IoT material in real time and provide
output in the form of intelligence. can act immediately.
• Cloud platform

This is the final layer of the 4 phases of the IoT architecture. A data center or cloud is
a data management stage where data is managed and used by end-user applications.

Figure 2 IOT architecture

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b. Framework
• Eclipse Smarthome Framework

The Eclipse Smart Home (ESH) framework is designed for ease of resolution of IoT
system and problems by developers who benefits from its interfaces, automation
rules, persistence mechanism, and its SOA implementation. The ESH is a connection
and integration framework for IoT smart home domain and it is independent of the
connectivity features of the hardware but rather, makes emphasis on the
implementation of a connector to the framework. The ESH has become largely
famous as it is open sourced and thus, widely implemented as a smart home solution
by a large market. This has contributed to its extensive number of shared API
available for a range of commercial products.

Figure 3 Eclipse framework

The ESH is explicitly fixated on home automation and it is built on five major stacks.
These are:

o Operating System o The

Application Container o
Communication and Connectivity o
Data Management and Messaging o
Remote Management
• Calvin Framework

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 The Calvin framework is a hybrid framework of both the IoT and Cloud programming
models to explicate the complexity of distributed computing, diverse programming
languages and communication protocols. The framework is developed by
consolidating theories from Actor model and Flow Based Computing.

Figure 4 Calvin framework

An example framework for a Data-Driven IoT application consisting Sensors,

Actuators, Filter, Controller and Data Analytics components.

The Calvin framework combines both IoT and Cloud models by designing the IoT
system to leverage on the Cloud system to perform complex calculations and
computations which are rarely possible with resource constrained actors. The
framework thus prescribes a runtime API for connection and communication
between runtimes and actors. The Calvin framework model propounds a distributed
runtime environment and exhibits multi-tenancy as actors can share runtimes with
actors from other applications. It also supports restrictions of high resource
consuming actors at the “manage” aspect.

c. Tools
Here I would like to introduce some popular IOT development tools today

• Eclipse IoT o Eclipse IoT is one of the most useful IoT development tools. Many
industries and organizations have worked together to develop this tool. With this
tool, IOT developers can create frameworks, deploy Open Source code, provide
services that will help in using IOT solutions, and also develop new tools. Tools for
IoT developers.

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 o It has a reputation for providing high quality services in responsible and
predictable fashion. Many people have benefited from this tool, and you will be
amazed how great this IoT development tool is.

Figure 5 Eclipse
• Arduino

Adruino is one of the popular IoT development tools. It is easy to use and we can
control according to our preferences. The microcontroller included on it is designed
to fulfill different purposes. Users can input information and with the information
provided for input, devices can be controlled and data can be saved or displayed with
the help of output. Multiple devices can be connected to each other and can be
adjusted from anywhere.

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 Figure 6 Arduino IDE

• ThingsBoard
ThingsBoard is an IoT platform for data collection and processing, device
management, and visualization for projects. Hundreds of millions of devices can be
measured and it facilitates connectivity by providing IoT protocols such as HTTP,
MQTT,.. We can monitor the technology system and can freely choose any home
What cloud services do you provide? It helps to model the content, the device and
generate the necessary information from the data, thus making it more feasible.

Figure 7 ThingsBoard platform

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• Blynk IoT IoT Platform o One of the most popular IoT platforms, Blynk has a number
of unique features including data display and storage and visualization. You can
connect to over 400 hardware models through the Blynk Library. It can connect any
hardware via Wi- Fi, Ethernet, 2G, 3G, 4G, LTE, etc. It has three important parts:
▪ Blynk . App
▪ Blynk Server
▪ Blynk Library o It is an open source platform and it can work in any
environment. It is fast and reliable and can process billions of information and
requests from devices.

Figure 8 Blynk platform

• Tinkercad

Tinkercad is an online collection of software tools from Autodesk that enables

complete beginners to create 3D models. This CAD software is based on solid
construction geometry, allowing users to create complex models by combining
simpler objects together. Therefore, this 3D modeling software is user-friendly and is
now loved by many people, especially teachers, children, hobbyists and designers,
and it is also free.

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 Figure 9 Tinkercad simulator

d. Hardwares
• Microcontroller development board
A microcontroller provides data processing and storage capabilities. A
microcontroller contains a processor core, memory, and erasable programmable
read-only memory to store custom programs that run on the microcontroller. The
microcontroller development board has extra circuitry to support the microcontroller
for more convenient prototyping and programming of the chip.
Following are two popular microcontroller development boards
o ARDUINO
▪ Arduino is a popular name in the DIY prototyping space. The company offers
a wide range of open source development kits, microcontrollers, and
software tools for building connected products.
▪ The main advantage that Arduino has over other vendors is a well-established
name in the electronics development space. They also have software tools,
support for third-party libraries, a variety of sensors, resources, and a
community that can help answer questions.

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 Figure 10 Arduino Uno R3
o ESP8266

It has a community of active adopters. Notable development boards based on

the ESP8266 include AdaFruit's NodeMCU, WeMos D1, and Feather Huzzah.
Several alternative firmware options for the ESP8266-based boards have been
developed by the open source community and manufacturers, allowing IoT
developers to program these boards using Lua, Python, and JavaScript, It also
supports over-the- air (OTA) updates.

Figure 15 Wifi esp8266 NodeMcu

• The sensors

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 The most important hardware in IoT may be its sensors. These devices include power
module, power management module, RF module and sensor module. The RF module
manages communication through signal processing, WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, radio
transceiver, duplexer and BAW. The sensor module manages sensors through active
and passive gauge types.
o Below are some of the sensors used in the IOT system:
▪ Sound sensor
▪ Acceleration sensor
▪ Flame sensor
▪ Gas sensor

Figure 16 The sensors

• Wearable electronics
Wearable electronics are small devices that are worn on the head, neck, arms, torso,
and feet.
Current smart wearable devices include:
o Head - Helmet, glasses o Neck - Jewelry, necklace o Arm - Watch, bracelet, ring o
Torso - Clothes, backpacks o Feet - Socks, shoes

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 Figure 17 Wearable electronics

• Standard equipment o Desktops, tablets, and mobile phones remain integral parts of
IoT as command and remote control centers.
o The desktop provides the user with the highest degree of control over the system
and its settings.
o Tablets provide access to key system features in a similar way to desktop
computers and also act as a remote control.
o Mobile phones allow modification of some necessary settings and also provide
remote functionality.

Other important connectivity devices include standard network devices such as

routers and switches.

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e. APIS
An application program interface (API) is a set of processes, protocols, and
tools for building software applications; it specifies how the software
components will interact. APIs are closely linked to IoT because they allow us
to securely expose customer- connected devices, go-to-market channels, and
other applications in IT infrastructure, and connected APIs connect
important things like cars, medical equipment, energy grids.

• Google Assistant API

Google Assistant can be embedded into devices to enable voice control,

hot word detection, natural language understanding and other smart
services. These Google Assistant tracking APIs provide a way to manage
and chat with devices. Google Assistant enables voice control of apps for
phones, speakers, smart displays, cars, watches, laptops, TVs, and other
Google Home devices.

• Apple HomeKit

Apple's HomeKit provides a platform for devices, apps, and services to

communicate with each other. Using Siri, iPhone users can control
supported devices in their home. Lights, thermostats, garage doors, etc.
All can be controlled by voice.

• REST API

REST allows data to travel over internet protocols and authorize and
manage authorization.

REST plays an important role and you can use REST on the entire stack.
REST has become a de facto protocol for the web. It is understood by
almost every web server and endpoint on the internet. IoT leverages a lot
of REST endpoints. Many services are REST-based, allowing you to quickly
assemble an IoT infrastructure.

One thing for sure about IoT is the Internet. Applications and devices in a
near-global way of communicating over the Internet is through RESTful
services. REST APIs provide the simplest way for connected applications
and things to interact in a standard, easy-to-understand way.

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 3. IoT system development process and the influence of
standards in IoT system design
IoT Design Methodology – Steps

Figure 18 IoT Design Methodology – Steps

Step 1: Purpose & Requirements Specification

The first step in IoT system design methodology is todefinethepurpose
and requirements of the system. In this step, thesystempurpose, behavior
and requirements (such as data collectionrequirements, data analysis
requirements, systemmanagementrequirements, data privacy and
security requirements, user interfacerequirements, ...) are captured

Step 2: Process Specification

The second step in the IoT design methodology is todefinetheprocess
specification. In this step, the use cases of theIoTsystemareformally described
based on and derived fromthe purposeandrequirement specifications

Step 3: Domain Model Specification

The third step in the IoT design methodology is to definetheDomainModel. The
domain model describes the main concepts, entitiesandobjects in the domain of
IoT system to be designed. Domainmodeldefines the attributes of the objects
and relationships betweenobjects. Domain model provides an abstract
representationoftheconcepts, objects and entities in the IoT domain,
independentofanyspecific technology or platform. With the domain model,

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theIoTsystem designers can get an understanding of the IoT domainforwhich
the system is to be designed

Step 4: Information Model Specification

The fourth step in the IoT design methodology is to definetheInformation
Model. Information Model defines the structureofallthe information in
the IoT system, for example, attributes of VirtualEntities, relations, etc.
Information model does not describethespecifics of how the information
is represented or stored. Todefinethe information model, we first list the
Virtual Entities definedintheDomain Model. Information model adds
more details totheVirtualEntities by defining their attributes and relations

Step 5: Service Specifications

The fifth step in the IoT design methodology is to
definetheservicespecifications. Service specifications define the services
intheIoTsystem, service types, service inputs/output, service endpoints, service
schedules, service preconditions and service effects.

Step 6: IoT Level Specification

The sixth step in the IoT design methodology is to definetheIoTlevelfor the
system. In Chapter-1, we defined five IoT deploymentlevels.

Step 7: Functional ViewSpecification

The seventh step in the IoT design methodology is todefinetheFunctional
View. The Functional View (FV) defines thefunctionsofthe IoT systems
grouped into various Functional Groups (FGs). EachFunctional Group either
provides functionalities for interactingwithinstances of concepts defined in
the Domain Model or providesinformation related to these concepts.

Step 8: Operational ViewSpecification

The eighth step in the IoT design methodology is to definetheOperational
View Specifications. In this step, various optionspertaining to the IoT system
deployment and operationaredefined,such as, service hosting options,
storage options, deviceoptions, application hosting options, etc

Step 9: Device & Component Integration

The ninth step in the IoT design methodology is the integration of the devices
and components

Step 10: Application Development

The final step in the IoT design methodology is to develop the IoT
Application

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Improving Efficiency: Modular Architecture and Structured Frameworks

Standardization in architecture and frameworks allows for the rapid and organized development of IoT
systems. A modular architecture divides an IoT system into independent functional blocks, such as
sensors, controllers, and data processing units, making it easier to integrate and develop individual parts.

Example:

Smart Agriculture:

Architecture:

- IoT System Level: A distributed system comprising sensor nodes placed on

crops and across the farm, connected to a central control unit and data
management system. The sensors gather data from different locations (soil,
plants, air) and send it to the central control system via wireless communication
protocols such as Zigbee, LoRaWAN, or cellular networks. - Frameworks:
o Sensor Specifications: Defines the capabilities of sensors for measuring soil moisture, air
temperature, pH levels, and other environmental parameters. These sensors collect precise
data necessary for automating farm activities like irrigation and fertilization.
o Automation Protocols: Communication standards like Zigbee or LoRaWAN connect
sensors and actuators with minimal energy consumption.
▪ Zigbee: Suitable for small to medium-sized farms, enabling low-energy and
shortrange communication.
▪ LoRaWAN: Ideal for large farms due to its long-range communication capability
and very low power consumption, ensuring scalability.

Tools:

- Farm Management Software: Platforms such as Agrivi, Cropio, or

KisanHub offer real-time monitoring of sensor data and automate processes
like irrigation and fertilization scheduling. These software platforms provide
visual dashboards, data analytics, and alerts to optimize farm operations.
- Rapid Prototyping Tools: Platforms such as Arduino IDE, Raspberry Pi,
and Node-RED enable rapid development and testing of IoT solutions for
smart agriculture. Farmers or developers can quickly create prototypes of
automated systems, such as automated irrigation based on real-time soil
moisture levels, and refine them iteratively.

Hardware:

- Sensors:

o Soil Moisture Sensors: Measure soil moisture content at different locations to control
irrigation systems, ensuring efficient water use.

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 o Air Temperature and Humidity Sensors: Monitor climatic conditions to adjust ventilation
or cooling systems for optimal crop growth. o Light Sensors: Measure light intensity
to manage the lighting systems in greenhouses or shaded areas, ensuring plants receive
adequate light.

- Actuators:

o Water Control Valves: Automatically open or close based on soil moisture readings from
sensors, regulating the water supply to plants. o Automated Fertilizer Dispensers:
Dispense fertilizer based on soil pH or nutrient levels detected by sensors, optimizing
nutrient delivery.

APIs:

- RESTful APIs: Used to integrate sensor data and enable remote control of
farm operations via mobile or web applications. Farmers can monitor and
control the system from any location, adjusting irrigation or fertilizer
schedules based on real-time data.
- MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): A lightweight
messaging protocol for communication between sensors and the central
control system. For example, a soil moisture sensor sends data to the central
system via MQTT, which then triggers the irrigation system if moisture
levels fall below a predefined threshold.

Example Use Case:

Large-scale rice farm:
-
Architecture: Soil moisture sensors are placed at various points in the field,
connected via LoRaWAN to a central control unit located far from the
sensors.
- Frameworks: LoRaWAN ensures that data from the sensors can be
transmitted over long distances with minimal energy consumption, allowing
the system to scale as the farm size increases.
- Tools: Farmers use farm management software like Agrivi to monitor
realtime data on soil moisture, air temperature, and light levels. Based on
this data, they can automate irrigation and fertilization schedules.
- Hardware: The soil moisture sensors detect when the soil is dry, sending
data via MQTT to the central control unit. The system then automatically
opens water valves to irrigate the crops.
- APIs: Through a mobile app connected via RESTful APIs, the farmer can
check the status of different sections of the farm and adjust the irrigation
system remotely if needed.

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 4. Evaluate the information I have provided above
- I have gained a clear understanding of the importance of standards in IoT system development,
from design and planning to deployment and maintenance. Standards like modular architecture,
the MQTT protocol, and RESTful APIs play a crucial role in ensuring that IoT systems operate
efficiently, are easily scalable, and can be maintained effectively.
- I’ve realized that applying these standards optimizes the development process, shortens testing
time, and simplifies component integration. For example, in a smart home system, the MQTT
standard ensures fast data transmission between sensors and controllers, while RESTful APIs
make remote management and control straightforward.
- Through this study, I also learned how security standards, like TLS, protect data and ensure
compliance with regulations. Overall, I now understand how standards contribute both
technically and operationally, improving efficiency, security, and scalability of IoT systems in
real-world applications.

5. Analyze IoT architecture forms and provide usecases

for each form.
Level 1: Single-Node IoT System

Characteristics:

- A single device that collects and processes data.

- No internet connection or interaction with other devices.
- Suitable for simple, standalone applications that only need local data processing.

Use Case:

- Example: A temperature sensor in a warehouse displaying data directly on a local screen.

- Why: This application does not require network connection or integration with a larger
system, and all data is processed locally. Level 2: IoT System with Sensor and
Control Devices

Characteristics:

- Consists of one or a few sensor devices and simple control devices.

- Sensors collect data and transmit it to a local control unit for processing.
- No need for cloud connection or large-scale network integration.

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Use Case:

- Example: An automated garden irrigation system. A soil moisture sensor sends signals to
a control unit to turn the irrigation system on or off.
- Why: This level is suitable because the system operates independently with a limited
number of sensors and control units, and does not require internet connectivity. Level
3: IoT System with Cloud Connectivity

Characteristics:

- Data from sensors is collected and sent to the cloud for processing and storage.
- Allows remote access and control via the internet.
- The system can handle larger amounts of data and more complex operations through
cloud computing.

Use Case:

- Example: Smart building energy management. Sensors collect data on electricity usage,
temperature, and lighting, sending it to the cloud for analysis and energy optimization.
- Why: The system requires data storage and analysis in the cloud, as well as remote
management and more complex data handling. Level 4: Multi-Device IoT System
with Cloud Connectivity

Characteristics:

- Multiple IoT devices connect to the cloud and can communicate with each other.
- Systems often have multiple layers of data collection and pre-processing before sending
to the cloud.
- Higher scalability, allowing the integration of more devices.

Use Case:

- Example: A smart city traffic management system, where sensors at intersections, traffic
cameras, and traffic lights gather data and send it to the cloud for optimizing traffic flow.
- Why: This level is necessary due to the need to connect multiple devices, handle large
amounts of data, and coordinate between different devices for decision-making. Level
5: IoT System with Edge Computing

Characteristics:

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 - Data is processed near the data source (close to the devices) instead of sending it all to
the cloud.
- Reduces latency, increases processing efficiency, and ensures data security.
- Suitable for applications that require fast response and low latency.

Use Case:

- Example: An airport security camera system with edge analytics to detect suspicious
behavior. Data is processed directly at the camera (Edge) to quickly identify and respond
to potential threats.
- Why: Processing data locally ensures rapid response times and reduces the need to send
large amounts of data to the cloud, which improves system efficiency. Level 6: IoT
System with Hybrid Cloud and Edge Computing

Characteristics:

- Combines local (Edge) and cloud processing to optimize performance and efficiency.
- Sensitive data or low-latency requirements are processed at the edge, while more
complex data is sent to the cloud for deeper analysis.
- The most complex level, enabling effective management and optimization of large-scale
IoT systems.

Use Case:

- Example: Smart manufacturing system in a factory, where machines process

performance data locally (Edge) to ensure real-time operations, while sending data to the
cloud for longterm analysis and predictive maintenance.
- Why: This level is applied because the system needs both local processing for continuous
operation and cloud analytics for long-term optimization.

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Figures 19 6 architectural levels

III. Conclusion
To summarize through the above, I have analyzed what aspects of IoT are necessary and appropriate when
designing software applications and Outline a plan for an appropriate IoT application using common
architecture, frameworks, tools, hardware and APIs. I also applied my selected techniques to create an IoT
application development plan.

IV. References
1. Ranger, S., 2021. What is the IoT? Everything you need to know about the Internet of Things right now |
ZDNet. [online] ZDNet. Available at: <https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is- the-internet-of-
thingseverything-you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-right-now/> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

2. Investopedia. 2021. Smart Home. [online] Available at:

<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-home.asp> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

3. Twi-global.com. 2021. What is a Smart City? – Definition and Examples. [online] Available at:

<https://www.twi-global.com/technical-knowledge/faqs/what-is-a-smart-city> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

4. Avsystem.com. 2021. What is IoT architecture?. [online] Available at:

<https://www.avsystem.com/blog/what-is-iot-architecture/> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

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5. Reed, T., 2021. 7 Real Benefits that IoT Brings. [online] Hellersearch.com. Available at:

<https://www.hellersearch.com/blog/7-real-benefits-iot-brings> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

6. Framework, I., 2021. IoT Framework | Check Out List of different Iot Framework. [online] EDUCBA.
Available at: <https://www.educba.com/iot-framework/> [Accessed 19 June 2021].

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