Unit-1

Algorithm 1: Calculate area of circle

Step 1:BEGIN
Step 2: Accept the R
Step3: Find the square of R and store it in
A = R*R
Step4: Multiply R with 3.14 and store the result in A
Step5 :Display the value of A
Step6: END

Flowchart

Algorithm 2: Swap two numbers

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : READ num1, num2
Step 3 : temp = num1
Step 4 : num1 = num2
Step 5 : num2 = temp
Step 6 : PRINT num1, num2
Step 7 : Stop

Flowchart:
Algorithm 3: Find largest number amongst three numbers
Step 1:BEGIN
Step2: Read values for A, B, C.
Step3: if A>B
Check if A>C if true then display A is Largest no.
Else
display C is Largest no.
Else
Check if B>C display B is Largest no.
Else
display C is Largest no.
Step4: END
Algorithm 4: Check whether a given number is even or odd.
Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : READ num
Step 3 : if num %2==0:
Display number is even number
Else
Display number is odd number

Step 4: Stop
 Unit II: Operators and Expressions Programs

Q1. Working Of Increment and Decrement Operator.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10;
printf("%d\n",a++); // a = a + 1 => a = 11
printf("%d\n",a--); // a = a - 1 => a = 10

int count = 5;
printf("%d\n", ++count); // prints 6 (prefix increment)
printf("%d\n", count--); // prints 6, then count becomes 5 (postfix decrement)

return 0;
}
Output:
10
11
6
6

Q2. Working of Logical Operator.

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 1, b = 0;
printf("a && b: %d\n", a && b);
printf("a || b: %d\n", a || b);
printf("!a: %d\n", !a);
return 0;
}

Output:
a && b: 0
a || b: 1
!a: 0
Q3. Working of relational Operator.
Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 3;
printf("a == b: %d\n", a == b); // 0 (false)
printf("a != b: %d\n", a != b); // 1 (true)
printf("a > b: %d\n", a > b); // 1 (true)
printf("a < b: %d\n", a < b); // 0 (false)
printf("a >= b: %d\n", a >= b); // 1 (true)
printf("a <= b: %d\n", a <= b); // 0 (false)
return 0;
}
Output:
a == b: 0
a != b: 1
a > b: 1
a < b: 0
a >= b: 1
a <= b: 0

Q4. Working of Assignment Operator.

Program:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 25, b = 5;
// using operators and printing results
printf("a = b: %d\n", a = b);
printf("a += b: %d\n", a += b);
printf("a -= b: %d\n", a -= b);
printf("a *= b: %d\n", a *= b);
printf("a /= b: %d\n", a /= b);
printf("a %= b: %d\n", a %= b);
printf("a &= b: %d\n", a &= b);
printf("a |= b: %d\n)", a |= b);
printf("a >>= b: %d\n", a >> b);
printf("a <<= b: %d\n", a << b);

return 0;
}
 Output:

a = b: 5
a += b: 10
a -= b: 5
a *= b: 25
a /= b: 5
a %= b: 0
a &= b: 0
a |= b: 5
a >>= b: 0
a <<= b: 160

Q5. Working Of Arithmetic Operator.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 3;
printf("Addition: %d\n", a + b);
printf("Subtraction: %d\n", a - b);
printf("Multiplication: %d\n", a * b);
printf("Division: %d\n", a / b);
printf("Modulus: %d\n", a % b);
return 0;
}

Output:
Addition: 13
Subtraction: 7
Multiplication: 30
Division: 3
Modulus: 1
 Unit 3
1.program to check whether the given number is Positive, negative or
zero.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int num;

printf("enter the number");

scanf("%d",&num);
if(num>0)
{
printf("the entered number is Positive");
}
else if(n <0)
printf("the entered number is negative");
else
printf("the entered number is zero");
}
2. Program to find the greater of two numbers
#include<stdio.h>

void main()
{
int num1,num2 ;

printf("enter the two numbers");

scanf("%d %d",&num1,&num2);
if(num1>num2)
{
printf("the number %d is big",num1);
}
else
{
printf("the number %d is big",num2);
}
}
3. C program to find the largest of three numbers
#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
int a, b, c;
printf("Enter three numbers: \n ");
scanf("%d%d%d", &a,&b,&c);

if (a > b && a > c)

printf("Biggest number is %d", a);
if (b > a && b > c)
printf("Biggest number is %d", b);
if (c > a && c > b)
printf("Biggest number is %d", c);
return 0;
}

4. program to print day of the week

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int day;

printf("enter the day number from 1 to7");

scanf("%d",&day);

switch(day)
{
case 1: printf("monday");
break;
case 2:printf("tuesday");
break;
case 3: printf("wednesday");
break;
case 4:printf("thursday");
break;
case 5: printf("friday");
break;
case 6:printf("saturday");
break;
case 7: printf("sunday");
break;
default:printf("wrong input");
}
}
5. program to find the sum of digits of the given number (While loop)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int n,num,rem,sum=0;
printf("Enter the number");
scanf("%d",&num);
n=num;
while(num>0)
{
rem=num%10;
sum =sum+rem;
num=num/10;
}
printf("the sum of the digits of %d is =%d",n,sum);
}

6. Print numbers from 1 to 10 (Example of For loop)

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
for (i = 1; i < 11; ++i)

{
printf("%d ", i);
}
return 0;
}
Output
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7. C Program to Check Whether a Number is Even or Odd

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int num;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &num);
 // true if num is perfectly divisible by 2

if(num % 2 == 0)

printf("%d is even.", num);

else

printf("%d is odd.", num);

return 0;

Output:
Enter an integer: -7

-7 is odd.

8. C Program to Find Factorial of a Number

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, i, fact = 1;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// shows error if the user enters a negative integer

if (n < 0)

printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");

else {

for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

fact *= i;

printf("Factorial of %d = %d", n, fact);

}
 return 0;
}

Output

Enter an integer: 5

Factorial of 5 = 120
 Unit- 4
1. Write a program to find the largest element in an array of integers.

#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = { 10, 324, 45, 90, 9807 };
int i;
int max = arr[0];

int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
if (arr[i] > max)
max = arr[i];

printf("%d", max );
return 0;
}

Output:
9807

2. Write a program to compare two strings using strcmp().

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(){
char s1[5] = "Geeks";
char s2[5] = "Geeks";

printf("%d", strcmp(s1, s1));

return 0;
}

Output:
0

3. Write a program to multiply two matrices.

#include <stdio.h>

#define N 2 // Size of square matrices

int main() {
int matrix1[N][N] = {{1, 2}, {4, 5}};
int matrix2[N][N] = {{9, 8}, {6, 5}};
int result[N][N];
int i, j, k;

// Multiply the two matrices

 for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
int sum = 0;
for (k = 0; k < N; k++) {
sum += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
result[i][j] = sum;
}
}

// Print the resulting matrix

printf("Result Matrix:\n");
for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
printf("%d ", result[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}

return 0;
}

Output
Result Matrix:
21 18
66 57

4. Write a program to addition two matrices.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main() {
int A[4][3] = { {1, 1, 1}, {2, 2, 2}, {3, 3, 3}, {4, 4, 4} };
int B[4][3] = { {1, 1, 1}, {2, 2, 2}, {3, 3, 3}, {4, 4, 4} };
int C[N][M];

printf("Result matrix is:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < M; j++) {
C[i][j] = A[i][j] + B[i][j];
printf("%d ", C[i][j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Result matrix is:
222
444
666
888
5. C Program to Check for Palindrome String

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char string1[20];

int i, length;

int flag = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", string1);

length = strlen(string1);

// Compare characters from the start and end of the string

// and stop if a mismatch is found or the middle of the string is reached.

for (i = 0; i < length / 2; i++) {

if (string1[i] != string1[length - i - 1]) {

flag = 1;

break;

if (flag) {

printf("%s is not a palindrome\n", string1);

} else {

printf("%s is a palindrome\n", string1);

return 0;

Output:

Enter a string: wow

Wow is a palindrome
Unit-5
1. Simple Function to Add Two Number

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
int add(int a, int b);

int main() {
int num1, num2, result;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

// Function call
result = add(num1, num2);

printf("The sum is: %d\n", result);

return 0;
}

// Function definition
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers: 5 10

The sum is: 15

2. Function to Check if a Number is Even or Odd

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
void checkEvenOdd(int num);

int main() {
int number;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &number);

// Function call
checkEvenOdd(number);
 return 0;
}

// Function definition
void checkEvenOdd(int num) {
if (num % 2 == 0)
printf("%d is Even\n", num);
else
printf("%d is Odd\n", num);
}

Output:

Enter a number: 7
7 is Odd

3. Recursive Function for Factorial

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
int factorial(int n);

int main() {
int num;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

// Function call
printf("Factorial of %d is: %d\n", num, factorial(num));

return 0;
}

// Recursive function definition

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

Output:

mathematica
Enter a number: 5
Factorial of 5 is: 120
4. Function to Swap Two Numbers Using Call by Reference

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
void swap(int *x, int *y);

int main() {
int a, b;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

printf("Before swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

// Function call
swap(&a, &b);

printf("After swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

return 0;
}

// Function definition
void swap(int *x, int *y) {
int temp;
temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers: 3 7

Before swapping: a = 3, b = 7
After swapping: a = 7, b = 3

5. Function to Calculate the Power of a Number

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
int power(int base, int exp);

int main() {
int base, exp;

printf("Enter base and exponent: ");

scanf("%d %d", &base, &exp);

// Function call
 printf("%d to the power of %d is: %d\n", base, exp, power(base, exp));

return 0;
}

// Recursive function definition

int power(int base, int exp) {
if (exp == 0)
return 1;
else
return base * power(base, exp - 1);
}

Output:

Enter base and exponent: 2 3

2 to the power of 3 is: 8

6. C Program: Multiplication Table Using Recursion

#include <stdio.h>

// Function declaration
void printTable(int num, int multiplier);

int main() {
int number;

printf("Enter a number to print its multiplication table: ");

scanf("%d", &number);

// Start recursion with multiplier = 1

printTable(number, 1);

return 0;
}

// Recursive function definition

void printTable(int num, int multiplier) {
if (multiplier > 10) // Base condition
return;

printf("%d x %d = %d\n", num, multiplier, num * multiplier);

// Recursive call with incremented multiplier

printTable(num, multiplier + 1);
}

Enter a number to print its multiplication table: 5

5x1=5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50