to avoid traffic (8) _____.

The sooner the government started implementing these, the more convenient
READING it would be to travel around the city.

1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete Trang’s email to her new friend, Elena.
1. A. lifelong B. living C. lively D. liveable
I live (1) _____ a suburb of Ha Noi. (2) _____ it’s a small community, there are enough places of
interest. Near my house there are two parks with a lot of trees and (3) _____ facilities. People of all
2. A. jams B. laws C. lights D. safety
ages go there to (4) _____ the fresh air, do exercise, and play badminton or basketball. I also go to
these parks to play badminton with my brother. (5) _____ place which people like in our community is
the local library. It has many new books of all kinds. In addition, it holds (6) _____ activities for book 3. A. public transport B. underground C. amenity D. parking
lovers, such as book review competitions or meetings with famous authors. Therefore, it attracts a lot
of readers each weekend. When you visit Ha Noi, I’ll (7) _____ you to these places.
4. A. go away B. move in C. get around D. come out
Tell me about the places of interest in your area in your (8) _____ email.

1.A. in B. of C. on D. with 5. A. earn B. make C. save D. spend

2.A. But B. However C. Besides D. Although

6. A. narrow B. widen C. reduce D. block
3.A. sporty B. sportsmen C. sports D. sportingly
7. A. participants B. people C. government D. police
4.A. take B. enjoy C. bring D. give

5.A. The others B. Others C. Another D. Other 8. A. signs B. flow C. accidents D. congestion
6.A. differ B. different C. differently D. differing
Read the passage and do the exercises.
7.A. take B. get C. bring D. give

8.A. other B. next C. another D. last Twenty years ago, people tried to leave the suburbs for cities but nowadays many people are reluctant

2.Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank in the following passage. to make such a move. They say that compared to suburban areas, city life has many drawbacks.

The local newspaper carried out a survey with city dwellers about how to make the city a more (1) The high cost of living is the first disadvantage. The bigger the city is, the higher the living cost is.

_____ place. Most participants in the survey talked about the city's traffic. First, then wanted stricter Accommodation and petrol are expensive. Food and drinks are also pricey. Apart from that, city people

traffic (2) _____ to stop drivers from ignoring traffic lights and breaking speed limits. This would help seem to suffer from more noise and air pollution. The densely populated neighbourhoods, busy traffic,
reduce road accidents. In addition, they hoped their city would improve its (3) _____ system. For and big construction sites make cities noisy and dusty. These are harmful to people's health, such as

example, buses should be clean and have air conditioners. There should be bus lines that reach almost increasing their stress levels, disturbing their sleep and making them suffer from breathing problems.

all areas in the city, so it would be easy for people to (4) _____. They said that good public transport
could also (5) _____ the city money. The local authority wouldn't need to construct new parking lots Lack of space is another drawback of city life. House prices are high in the city, so people tend to live
and(6) _____ roads to cater for the increasing number of private cars. Finally, the survey (7) _____ in smaller houses or in apartment blocks. Many cities lack spaces for outdoor activities; therefore,
suggested the local authority build traffic apps. The apps could recommend to drivers the best routes teenagers often hang out at shopping malls or in entertainment complexes instead of doing sports
outdoors.
The cities' authorities are trying to overcome these problems. However, they still have a long way to Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank in the following passage.
go before they can reduce living costs and pollution, and increase green space to make all cities in the
world more liveable places. We can manage our time effectively by (1) _____ some of these strategies. Firstly, it is important to
(2) _____ clear and realistic goals and prioritise tasks accordingly. This means that you must identify
1. What is the passage mainly about? (3) _____ is the most important and urgent and allocate time and resources (4)_____. Next, creating a
schedule or to-do list can be helpful in staying (5) _____ track and ensuring that all tasks are completed
A. The reasons for moving to the suburbs B. The disadvantages of city life. within the time allotted. Thirdly, it is important to learn to say no to distractions and time-wasting
activities such as checking social (6)_____. Instead, you should focus on the task at (7)_____ and work
C. The high cost of living in cities D. The causes of pollution in cities. efficiently to complete it. Additionally, taking regular breaks and scheduling time for self-care
activities can help increase (8)_____ and prevent burnout. Finally, it is essential to regularly review
2. Why does the author mention "accommodation, petrol, food, and drinks" in paragraph 2? and adjust your schedule to ensure that you are making progress (9)_____ your goals and
accommodating yourself to any working conditions in your life. By following these tips, you can make
A. To give examples of high living costs. B. To explain how convenient city life is. the most of your time, be more productive, and achieve success in all (10)_____ of your life.

C. To describe what city people often lack. D. To suggest city people save money. 1. A. making B. following C. doing D. working

3. What does the word "them" in paragraph 2 refer to? 2. A. achieve B. get C. reach D. set

A. bad effects B. stress levels C. city people D. construction sites 3. A. what B. who C. when D. where

4. According to the passage, teenagers often hang out at shopping malls because _____. 4. A. according B. accordingly C. accord D. accordance

A. they find shopping malls interesting B. they all want to solve problems for all the world's cities. 5. A. up B. off C. on D. in

C. they prefer them to entertainment complexes. 6. A. medium B. media C. interaction D. contact

D. they reduced pollution levels in cities by half last year. 7. A. one B. will C. length D. hand

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about city authorities? 8. A. product B. produce C. productivity D. productive

A. They are trying to find solutions to city problems. B. They have few places outdoor to play. 9. A. forwards B. towards C. in D. on

C. They hope to lower the costs of living in cities. D. Their houses are too small. 10. A. aspects B. parts C. features D. sides
Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions. D. Setting many large goals at once and making them more challenging.

Goal setting is a crucial process that involves careful consideration of what you want to accomplish 3. The word "seconds" mostly means ____________.
and requires persistent effort to make it a reality. Establishing goals gives you a target to strive for and
helps to keep you motivated throughout the process. Goals also provide you with a focus and a way to A. food that is sold at a lower price than usual because it is not good
measure your progress and accomplishments.
B. a second amount of the food that you need to eat to lose weight
In the pursuit of a healthy lifestyle, setting realistic goals is the key to success. However, it is important
to be realistic with yourself when setting these goals. If you want to quit smoking, lose a significant C. only half of the amount of the food that you need to eat every day
amount of weight, or run a marathon, it is unlikely to happen overnight, or even in a few months or a
year. Not reaching those goals might be discouraging and lead to giving up altogether. To avoid feeling D. another serving of food, after you have eaten your first serving
overwhelmed, it is advisable to start small and concentrate on one goal at a time. If you want to lose
weight, make small and achievable goals. For example, you can start by working out at least three 4. What is an example of a small goal you could set when trying to lose weight?
times a week or adding more vegetables to your meals when you want seconds.
A. Losing a large amount of weight in a month. B. Working out every day.
By keeping a journal or using a tracking app on your phone, you can monitor your progress and ensure
that you stay on track. Once these small goals become part of your routine, you can gradually add new C. Adding more vegetables to your plate. D. Being able to run a marathon in fifteen days.
goals, such as limiting eating out to twice a week or incorporating weightlifting into your exercise
routine. These small goals are easier to achieve and will eventually lead to meeting your main goal. 5. When small goals become part of our weekly routine, we should _________.

1. The first paragraph is about ______. A. give up on setting goals altogether B. gradually add new goals

A. why goal setting is important B. how to set realistic goals C. set other larger goals D. ignore all of our progress

C. the importance of setting healthy goals D. steps of setting an achievable goal 6. What is one benefit of setting small goals, according to the passage?

2. What is one important thing to keep in mind when setting goals for a new healthy lifestyle? A. They are easier to achieve. B. They will lead to meeting our main goal at once.

A. Making sure to set as many large goals as possible. C. They will be more challenging than large goals. D. They require more effort.

B. Focusing on one small goal at a time to avoid overwhelming yourself. Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
C. Ignoring small goals and only focusing on large ones.
London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, is situated on the River Thames, which C. Cheaper cost of living in the city centre. D. Expensive property prices near the city centre.
meanders through the city. It is renowned for its numerous bridges. Among the bridges, the oldest one
is London Bridge, which was originally built of wood but reconstructed in stone in 1217. However, 4. What does the pronoun "it" in paragraph 3 refer to?
the most unique bridge is Tower Bridge, which was designed to blend in with the nearby Tower of
London. A. the globe B. the Tube C. London D. the theatre

London is a thriving commercial and cultural centre with many significant financial organisations such 5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
as the Bank of England and the London Stock Exchange. They are located in the area called the City.
Docklands, the former port in east London, has been redeveloped as a business centre. The West End A. London is a thriving commercial and cultural centre.
boasts theatres, cinemas, museums, and stores. Due to the high cost of housing near the city centre,
many people working in London prefer to live in the suburbs and commute to work by train or bus. B. The Bank of England and the London Stock Exchange are in the West End.
London's transportation system is well-connected, with various modes of transportation available,
including the red London buses, black taxi cabs, and the London Underground, commonly known as C. The West End is home to many theatres, cinemas, museums, and shops.
'the Tube'.
D. Young people are attracted to the pubs and comedy clubs of Covent Garden.
London is now a cosmopolitan, multicultural city which has attracted people from around the globe.
Although some people from other parts of Britain view it as very noisy and dirty, many others visit Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that
London only for the 'bright lights' - the theatres round Shaftesbury Avenue or the shops of Oxford best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Street. People also take their children to visit Buckingham Palace, where the royal family lives, and
the clock tower, from which Big Ben tolls the hour. Young people, on the other hand, are lured to the Millbrook
pubs and comedy clubs of Covent Garden, live music concerts, and the stalls of Camden market.

I live in a small town of Millbrook in the rolling hills of upstate New York. It is a (26)_____ community
1. What was designed to blend in with the nearby Tower of London?
of just over 1,500 residents. Despite its small size, Millbrook has a rich history and vibrant cultural
scene (27)_____ numerous galleries, restaurants, and boutiques on its charming Main Street. It is home
A. London Bridge. B. Bank of England. C.Tower Bridge D.Big Ben
to a diverse range of residents, from young families to retirees, and boasts a strong sense of community
(28)_____. Every year, residents come together for events like the Millbrook Farmers Market and the
2. Which area of London is known for its many important financial institutions?
Millbrook Literary Festival, which (29)_____ the town's agricultural heritage and literary tradition. In
spite of its rural setting, Millbrook is well-connected to nearby cities like Poughkeepsie and New York
A. Docklands. B. West End. C. The City. D. Covent Garden.
City, making it an attractive place to live for those seeking (30)_____ peaceful retreat from urban life.
Overall, Millbrook is a warm and welcoming community with a strong sense of place and identity.
3. What is the main reason why many people who work in London commute from the suburbs?

1. A. liveable B. living C. live D. life

A. Better housing options in the city centre. B. Better schools for their children in the suburbs.
2. A. for B. without C. with D. of Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions.

3. A. mood B. attitude C. soul D. spirit Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland. It has enormous historical significance. Locate on the east
coast of Scotland, Edinburgh proudly offers a window to the past. For man people, this city is an
4. A. welcome B. celebrate C. mention D. discuss exciting mix of something traditional and something modern.

5. А. a B. the C. an D. O Edinburgh has been Scotland's royal city since 1437. Most of Edinburgh's sights are withi two districts:
the old town and the new town. The medieval Royal Mile stretching for over: mile from Edinburgh
Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D to fill in each blank in the following passage. Castle to the Palace of Holyroodhouse dominates the city's central area. The Royal Mile is one of the
largest, longest and most splendid streets for buildings in Britain.
ONE-ROOM SCHOOLHOUSES
To millions of visitors, Edinburgh Castle is a must-see because there are many treasures Princess Street
is in Edinburgh's new town, directly below the castle. Next to Princess Street, in the shadow of
In the 1800s and early 1900s, most children went to school in one-room schoolhouses. At that time,
Edinburgh Castle, lies the green Princess Street Gardens. This is one of the most delightful gardens in
most people lived (1) _____ farms. The farms were spread out. One-room schoolhouses were built
Britain.
because there weren't many children in the farm areas. Most of the one-room schoolhouses only (2)
_____ about fifteen to twenty children. The one-room schoolhouses had just one teacher. That teacher
instructed all students from the age of five or six up to ages thirteen or fourteen or even older. The Edinburgh is also a cultural centre. The worldwide famous Edinburgh Fringe Festival (a series of arts

teacher also (3) _____ all subjects. In one-room schoolhouses, students did a lot of reciting and festivals held in August) draws thousands and thousands of visitors to the city annually. So Edinburgh
is really a place no traveler should ignore.
memorising. Reciting means that they said out loud (4) _____ they learned. The teacher would ask a
question, and the students would stand up and recite the answer. Students also did a lot of memorising.
They were often asked to memorise poems. They had to memorise famous (5) _____ and important 1. Which of the following dominates the central area of Edinburgh?

facts, too.
A. The Royal Mile. B. Edinburgh Castle.

1. A. in B. on C. for D. with
C. Holyroodhouse. D. Princess Street.

2. A. had B. made C. founded D. promoted

2. The word "splendid" in the passage mostly means _____.

3. A. gave B. observed C. taught D. educated

A. communal B. basic C. magnificent D. occupied

4. A. which B. how C. that D. what

3. The word "This" in the passage refers to _____.

5. A. speeches B. words C. languages D. questions

A. Princess Street B. Edinburgh
C. Edinburgh Castle D. Princess Street Gardens 5. A. telling B. to tell C. tell D. told

4. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? 6. A. other B. а C. another D. some

A. Edinburgh belonged to the past. B. Edinburgh is Scotland's royal city. 7. A. backpack B. suitcase C. wallet D. purse

C. Holyroodhouse is at one end of Royal Mile. D. Arts festivals are held in August in Edinburgh. 8. A. happy B. ashamed C. excited D. pleased

5. Where can you find this passage? Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions.

A. In a local guide book. B. In a travel journal. I went to Singapore on my own for a ten-day summer course. There were about 15 students from China,
Malaysia, Cambodia, India, and Iran in the course. We were all so surprised about the cleanliness and
C. In a student's diary. D. In a science report. discipline of the country. On the second day of the course, we had special team-building activities. We
worked in groups of five from different countries to search for a location on a map that the school staff
Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank. gave us. The time we spent doing the activity together was really memorable. We discussed how to
find the place. After four hours of walking, taking the bus and metro as well as getting lost, we arrived
I will never forget that terrible day when I was bullied by my classmates. I (1) ____ a book from Mai at the destination. Over the remaining days, we attended English lessons. We worked on projects and
– one of my peers. When I finished it, another girl, Linh in our group wanted to read it, so she asked culture workshops. We discussed and shared our own traditions and customs. During the time here, we
to borrow it. Without much (2) _____ , gave the book to Linh, who then gave it back to Mai after also visited the Botanic Gardens, took photos in the orchard garden and explored Chinatown where we
finishing it. Mai took the book from Linh but still asked me to (3) ____ it. I felt (4) ____ and almost bought souvenirs for our parents and friends. At the weekend, we went to the Discovery Centre. We
burst into tears. I decided (5) _____ our form teacher. After listening to my whole story, our form were impressed by the attraction and interactive gallery as well as the brilliant learning experiences we
teacher asked Mai: "Mai, do you really want (6) ____ copy of the same book?". Then she said to Linh: had. After the trip, I felt proud of myself for being able to go without my parents and leaving my
"Linh, give the book back to Hoa. You took it from Hoa." They stood there saying nothing. Then our comfort zone.
teacher asked: "Where's the book now?" Mai got it out from her (7) _____ and gave it back to Linh.
Linh gave it back to me with an apology. I could finally return it to Mai, who then felt (8) ____ about 1. The course _____.
her trick. I also learnt a lesson: I will return what I borrow to the original lender only.
A. was on the 10th June B. lasted 10 days
1. A. borrowed B. gave C. bought D. lent
C. lasted 15 days D. started on the 10th June
2. A. listening B. looking C. worrying D. thinking
2. The author had _____ in Singapore.
3. А. kеер B. return C. lend D. give away
A. a special day B. a touring trip C. a photo session D. English lessons
4. A. helpless B. hopeful C. amazed D. frightened
3. In English lessons, the students _____. of the places we saw. At night, we burnt wood for a campfire. We sat around the fire and sang and
danced. We also had team-building activities, which were exciting and memorable. On the next day,
A. learnt grammar and reading B. worked on projects we went trekking to Thuong Temple - a national cultural monument at Tan Vien Peak. We learnt much
about the culture associated with the legend Son Tinh and Thuy Tinh from our guide.
C. attended formal workshops D. learnt about Singapore's culture
We tried lam rice, hill chicken and milk products - the specialities of the area. We were so impressed
4. Which of the following did they NOT do at the Discovery Centre? by the trip's activities, scenery and the food of the area.

A. got learning experiences. B. bought souvenirs. 1. The passage is mainly about _____.

C. visited an interactive gallery. D. saw the attraction. A. the beauty of Ba Vi National Park B. a camping location at Ba Vi National Park

5. What does the author mean by "leaving my comfort zone"? C. the experience of the author at Ba Vi National Park D. the nature of Ba Vi National Park

A. getting away from parents B. getting to a place that is comfortable 2. The teacher chose the location because it is - _____.

C. escaping a safe and comfortable situation D. experiencing something comfortable A. just on the outskirts of Ha Noi B. to the west of Ha Noi

6. The passage is about _____. C. very far from Ha Noi D. a famous mountainous ecological tourism centre

A. the author's experiences on a summer course B. how the author got out of her comfort zone 3. The park is home to hundreds of wildlife species, so students can _____

C. the author's English class in Singapore D. special team-building activities in Singapore A. take a lot of amazing photos B. explore a real natural habitat

Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the sentences. C. avoid pollution D. see wild animals easily

We went camping at Ba Vi National Park, 60 kilometres to the west of Ha Noi. Our teacher chose this 4. The students were tired because ______
location as it is not far from Ha Noi and is famous as a mountainous ecological tourism centre. It is
home to hundreds of wildlife species, so we had a chance to get into a real natural habitat. A. they didn't eat breakfast B. they set off too early

We went there on a coach. We set off early and because the road was a bit bumpy and tricky, we were C. the road was a little bumpy and tricky D. the itinerary was difficult to follow
tired when we arrived. After about two hours, we finally reached the campsite in Ngoc Hoa cave area.
We set up our camps before exploring the park. We explored the rich nature in the Botanical Garden, 5. At the camping site, the students did NOT _____.
trying to take deep breaths of the fresh air and enjoying the diversity of the flora there. We took photos
A. make a campfire B. sing and dance together 3. Most teenagers use technology for _____.

C. have team-building activities D. perform a tribal dance A. paying bills B. making friends C. entertaining and studying D. travelling

6. How did they go to Thuong Temple? 4. Which statement below is NOT correct according to the information in the passage?

A. They walked up to the temple. B. They climbed up the cliff. A. Teenagers appreciate traditions. B. Teenagers respect their parents' advice.

C. They went by mountain bike. D. They rode cable cars. C. Teenagers learn customs and traditions from their elderly.

Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D. D. Teenagers want to depend on their parents.

Viet Nam is in the period of industrialisation and modernisation, and many aspects of Vietnamese 5. Teenagers _____ wear traditional costumes.
lifestyle have changed. The biggest differences we can see now are in teenagers' lifestyle. They are
now more flexible and casual in the way they dress. They wear their hair in different styles and even A. sometimes B. always C. never D. unwillingly
dye it different colours. They have become more confident in communicating with others, even with
their elders. They are daring in their actions and ambitions. For many of them, technology has become Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank in the following passage.
important in their daily life. They use it for study and entertainment.
There are differences in terms of food habits between past and present lifestyles. People used to grow
However, Vietnamese teenagers have also learnt to treasure their traditional values. Many customs and food like fruits, vegetables, and (1) ____. They raised fish in ponds and livestock on farms. They
traditions are passed from generation to generation. Vietnamese teens show respect for the elders, at always had (2) ____ food. Their diet contained a lot of vegetables and fruits. They were, therefore,
home and outside. They learn to value their families. They come to their parents for advice and ask for healthier and didn't need much extra (3) ____ because their daily work kept their bodies running. They
permission in their important decisions such as university study and marriage. They also wear had few diseases, especially those related to their digestive system. At present, technology has turned
traditional costumes such as ao dai, ao tu than, and cook traditional Vietnamese foods on special agriculture into mass (4) ____. Pesticides are used to assure fruitful crops. People keep their food in
occasions. the fridge for some days or weeks before using it. Ready-made food at markets uses preservatives to
keep it (5) ____. People eat more spicy fried food. Fast food is another major factor in modern food
1. The most significant change in lifestyle can be seen among _____. habits. Although many people find it (6) ____ it leads to many health conditions. As a result, people
now are less healthy and suffer from more diseases.
A. the elderly B. small children C. teenagers D. girls
1. A. cereal B. bananas C. cattle D. carrots
2. The example of teenagers dying their hair in different colours shows that they are now _____.
2. A. convenient B. ready-made C. fresh D. old
A. more creative B. more flexible C. more confident D. more responsible
3. A. food B. exercise C. energy D. medicine
4. A. crops B. farming C. storage D. production D. songs, dances, and stories about all events in our everyday lives

5. A. shorter B. longer C. stronger D. healthier 22. The underlined word "account" in the passage mostly means _____.

6. A. convenient B. expensive C. troublesome D. cheaper A. amount B. report C. happening D. question

Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to 23. We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because_____.
each of the questions.
A. there was nothing to write down at that time
If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago, we would probably have to say that we could
not remember. But if we kept a book and wrote in it an account of what we did each day, we should be B. the people there did not keep a record
able to give an answer. In a way, this is similar to history.
C. the written records were destroyed by a fire
Most people are proud to tell you what their ancestors did in the past. We may call this remembered
history. But many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them. D. the people there did not have a writing system
Sometimes people kept a record of the most important happenings in their country, but often it was
destroyed by fire or in a war. Sometimes there was never any written record because the people of that 24. The underlined word "they" in the passage refers to _____.
time and place did not know how to write. For example, we know a lot about the people who lived in
China about 2,500 years ago because they could write and leave written records for those who lived A. people who cannot write B. older people
after them. But we know little about the people who lived just 200 years ago in central Africa, because
they had no writing system. C. songs, dances, and stories D. the most important happenings

Sometimes, even if people cannot write, they may know something of the past. 25. We can infer from the passage that we could know more about our past if our ancestors had _____.

They have heard about it from older people, and often songs, dances, and stories have been made about A. kept written records of past events B. not burnt their written records in wars
the most important past events, and these have been sung about, acted and told for generations.
C. told more stories D. made more songs and dances
21. "Remembered history" in the passage may refer to _____.
Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that
A. history based on a person's imagination best fits each of the numbered blanks.

B. record of important happenings destroyed by fire or in a war The wheel

C. stories of important happenings passed down to younger generations

Before the wheel was invented thousands of years ago, the only way to get from one place to another In addition to producing electricity, the dams on the Missouri are also used to control the water level
was (26) ____ our legs or riding animals, such as horses, camels, or donkeys. of the river. Sometimes water is held back to prevent floods. At other times, water is released to keep
the water level high enough for barges to float downstream.
Wheels today are on all sorts of vehicles from cars to planes, from bikes to skateboards. We believe
that the first wheels were invented to help move very heavy (27) ____. Humans discovered that By changing the natural flow of water in the Missouri, dams and reservoirs have altered the river's
something heavy was more easily moved by rolling something round. Eventually wheels were (28) ecosystem. They have affected the depth and temperature of the water in different parts of the river.
_____ for carts and wagons. Such changes have made it difficult for some species, or types, of plants, animals, and fish to survive.
A few wildlife species in the region are now endangered.
The wheel is probably the most significant mechanical invention of all time. The first wheels are
thought to have appeared in Egypt on chariots around 2000 BC. 1. On the Missouri River, there are dozens of _____.

Just imagine the world today (29) ____ the wheel, not only in transportation but also in technology. A. major dams B. small dams C. reservoirs D. crops
Important applications of the wheel include the water wheel and the spinning wheel. More (30) _____
applications include the jet engine and the turbine. 2. Why is it necessary sometimes to keep the water level high?

26. A. walking B. going C. using D. applying A. To produce electricity. B. To prevent floods.

27. A. objects B. machines C. vehicles D. boxes C. To let barges float downstream. D. To change the flow of water.

28. A. advanced B. developed C. explored D. decided 3. The word "They" in the last paragraph refers to _____.

29. A. for B. with C. without D. by A. dams and reservoirs B. parts of the river C. such changes D. some species

30. A. practical B. early C. interesting D. modern 4. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions. A. The Missouri River is longer than the Mississippi River.

At 2,315 miles (3,726 kilometres), the Missouri River is nearly as long as the Mississippi River, into B. The Missouri River flows into the Mississippi River.
which it flows. Together the Missouri and the Mississippi form one of the world's longest river systems.
C. The Mississippi River flows into the Missouri River.
There are seven major dams and dozens of smaller dams on the Missouri. The dams use water from
the river to produce electricity. They also create reservoirs, or artificial lakes, behind them. The D. Wildlife species in the Missouri region are dangerous.
reservoirs store water that is needed for cities and for irrigation of crops. Irrigation is important because
most of the regions around the river have fairly dry climate. 5. What is probably the best title for the passage?
A. Producing Electricity B. Mississippi River C. Dams on the Mississippi D. Missouri River Archaeologists are still not sure about the function of the jars. One theory suggests that the jars were
used to bury people. Another theory proposes that the jars were used to collect rainwater during the
Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer that best fits each blank. monsoon season. However, Lao legend claims that there were giants who once settled in this plateau.
They created jars to brew and store rice wine which they used to celebrate the victories of their King
Mount Everest (Mt. Everest) is the highest mountain (1)_____ the world. It is 8,848 metres high. Mt. Khun Cheung against the enemy.
Everest was first climbed in 1953 by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay. Every year, a lot of people
want to climb Mt. Everest. It is very dangerous to climb Mt. Everest. The air is very (2)_____and cold. In 2019, the Plain of Jars became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Most people carry bottles of oxygen; they could die without it. When the oxygen bottles are empty,
people throw them on the ground. (3)_____ strong winds rip their tents, people leave them behind. Today, it is a well-known tourist destination, which attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors a year.
They do not have the energy to take the rubbish away. They only have enough energy to go down the
mountain (4)._______ 1. The Xiangkhoang Plateau is in Laos.

Rubbish is a terrible problem. Since people first began to climb Mt. Everest, they have left tons and 2. All the jars are at least three centuries old.
tons of rubbish on the mountain. Several groups have climbed the mountain just to (5)____ the rubbish.
When people plan to climb the mountain, they have to plan to take away their rubbish. 3. Archaeologists are sure that these jars had lids.

4. People might have used the jars to bury dead people.

5. The Lao people believe that giant people once lived in the Xiangkhoang Plateau.

Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.

Read the passage and decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F). Tourism in Viet Nam has seen a lot of changes in recent years. For backpackers, culture and nature
lovers, military veterans, Viet Nam has become a new tourist destination in Southeast Asia.

The Plain of Jars in Laos is one of the most mysterious archaeological sites in the world.
International tourist arrivals to Viet Nam have continuously risen. In 2008, Viet Nam received 4.218

There are thousands of stone jars scattered around the central plain of the Xiangkhoang Plateau. Many million tourists. In 2012, the number rose to 6.84 million. Four years later, the country welcomed 10

jars were dated as far back as 1350 B.C. The jars are in clusters and range in numbers. They are million international visitors, and in 2019, it was 18 million. This increase made Viet Nam the fifth

cylindrical in shape and from one to over three metres in height. Archaeologists have not found any most visited country in the Asia-Pacific region.

stone lids. This suggests that the jars did not have lids or the lids were made of materials which did not
last long. By March 2023, the four countries with the largest numbers of visitors to Viet Nam are South Korea,
the USA, Thailand, and China. The most attractive destinations in Viet Nam are national parks like
Cuc Phuong, Phong Nha Ke Bang, Cape Ca Mau, and World Heritage Sites like Ha Long Bay, Hue,
and Hoi An.
Tourism is important to the country's economy. For example, in 2016, tourism contributed 6.6 per cent prepositions, reported speech, and the passive voice are not any less challenging. Thirdly, a lot of
to gross domestic product (GDP) equal to VND 279,287 billion. It has also helped to promote the learners find English pronunciation very (5). Words which have the same combination of letters may
development of related sectors, such as hotels, transportation, entertainment, and food. be (6) differently. For instance, the 'ou' in 'rough' is not pronounced the same as that in 'through.
Another problem is sentence stress. Stress (7) we put on different words may lead to the difference in
1. Most tourists to Viet Nam are interested in its _______. meaning. In general, English vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation may (8) learning it not an easy
task.
A. medical treatment B. history C. entertainment D. culture

2. In 2019, the number of international tourists to Viet Nam was roughly _______ as big as that in
2008.

A. four times B. twice C. one and a half times D. six times

3. Phong Nha Ke Bang is an example of a ______ in Viet Nam.

A. architectural attraction B. cultural destination C. national park D. historical site

Fill in each blank with a suitable word from the box to complete a passage about the differences
4. The development of tourism _______ the development of transportation. in British English and American English. (Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống một từ thích hợp trong khung
để hoàn thành đoạn văn về sự khác biệt giữa tiếng Anh Anh và tiếng Anh Mỹ.)
A. is not related to B. leads to C. depends on D. prevents

5. The word "it" in paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A. 2019 B. Viet Nam C. the number of international tourists D. the increase in tourism British English and American English (1)_____________ in some ways. The most remarkable
difference between the two (2)_____________ is vocabulary. British people call the place where
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete a passage about the reasons why some people people take their car to buy (3)_____________ or oil a petrol station. However, Americans call it a gas
find learning English difficult. (Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành đoạn văn về lý do station. The British live in flats (4)_______ the Americans live in apartments. Another difference
tại sao một số người cảm thấy việc học tiếng Anh khó khăn.) between these two varieties of English is the (5)________. There are hundreds of minor differences of
this type. Some words (6)_______ humour, flavour or neighbour exist in British English while in
Some people find it really difficult to learn English, and here are some of the reasons. Firstly, English American English these words are written without 'u' before r. Besides, verbs (7)_____ in - se in British
has one of the biggest vocabularies (1) all languages. Therefore, it is very hard for English learners to English are written with the ending -ze in American English. Some of (8)__________ verbs are
remember all the words and phrases as well as use them (2) in different contexts. Secondly, English “analyse- analyze, organise - organize, and minimise - minimize.”
grammar is complex. For example, there are twelve basic tenses in English. This (3) learners confused
when they have to use the tenses correctly in different sentences. (4) grammatical points, such as
Read the following passage. Decide if the statements from 17 to 20 are true (T) or false (F), and A. the resorts B. the homestays C. the trips D. the people
choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to questions 21 and 22.
Choose the option A, B, C, or D that best fills in the blank in the following passage.
Both of my parents love travelling, and they usually take us along. My mum told me that I started
travelling with them when was just four months old. It was a short trip to a city 120 kilometres away The Harbour of Rio de Janeiro is one of the (23)___ bays on Earth and is considered one of the seven
from our home town. Mum said I was a good girl since I ate and slept during the trip without ever natural wonders of the world. It is located in the city of Rio de Janeiro (24)___ the southeastern
crying. coastline of Brazil. It is also known as Guanabara Bay. The harbour is surrounded by mountains and
is connected to the sea via a series of channels.The major (25)_of this natural wonder is its tropical
Every year my family goes on different trips from 2 days to 2 weeks. We normally don't stay in resorts. climate, which attracts tourists from all over the world. It also has some beautiful beaches and lush
Instead we stay at homestays where we can get to know more about the life and culture of the people forests (26)_provide recreation areas for visitors. Additionally, the mouth of the harbour is unique
in those areas. We eat with them, watch them cook, and go hiking with them. (27)_it resembles more of a river than a bay. This is the reason why the city has its name Rio de Janeiro,
which means "River of January".September and October are the best months to (28)_the Harbour of
Sometimes we go abroad for our holidays. I still remember when - went to Disneyland in Hong Kong Rio de Janeiro. At this time, the weather is fairly nice, and there are not as many people as in the
and later visited the Taronga Zoo in Sydney. I will never forget the moment seagulls took some snacks summer months.
from my hands when we were sitting outside the Sydney Opera House.

I believe that when we travel together, we can strengthen our bonds and have great memories with our
beloved family members.

17. The girl began travelling with her family when she was four years old.

18. They usually stay in resorts when they travel.

Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the passage.

19. When they were sitting outside the Sydney Opera House, seagulls took some food from her hands.
Plants and animals play an important role in food chains. Plants are the primary (1)_and they feed
wildlife and humans. Wildlife, such as insects, birds, and microbes, often (2)_on green plants. In turn,
20. Travelling together makes them feel strongly connected. these types of (3)_become food for larger animals. Plants and animals also impact the environment.
Plants help keep the ecosystem in balance. They (4)_the air, water, and soil. Animals help the
21. What is the passage mainly about? environment by carrying pollen from plants to plants, and by (5)_seeds. They also help (6)_ harmful
pests and other plant-eaters.
A. The girl's family trip to Hong Kong. B. The girl's family trip to Sydney.

C. The girl's travel experiences with her family. D. The girl's feelings about her family's trips.

22. The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ________.

 1. All of the following are landforms, EXCEPT ________.

A. valleys B. plateaus C. glaciers D. dunes

2. The landforms ________.

A. are similar in shape and size B. have the same shape but different sizes
Read the passages and do the tasks that follow.
C. are identical in both size and shape D. are different in shape and size

Landforms Bodies of Water

3. Bodies of water include ________.

The surface of Earth has different landforms, Bodies of water include oceans, seas, lakes,
A. oceans and valleys B. salty and fresh bodies of water
which differ in size and shape. They can be rivers, streams, and glaciers. Water bodies
mountains, valleys, deserts, dunes, or plateaus. form the largest habitats on Earth, providing
C. frozen bodies of water and dunes D. plateaus and fresh bodies of water
huge living spaces for marine life.
Mountains are formed as a result of
4. Which of the following is NOT true about bodies of water?
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tectonic There are five oceans and seven seas and these
movements. Valleys, which can be V-shaped bodies of water are salty, but most rivers,
A. They are a small but significant part of Earth's habitats.
or U-shaped, are low-lying areas between streams, and lakes have fresh water.
mountains and hills. Deserts are dry areas
B. They are great sources of food and energy for humans.
which have very little rainfall and the daytime Glaciers are the frozen bodies of water, which
temperature is very high. Dunes are small hills cover almost 10% of Earth's land area, and are
made up of sand. They are created from the C. They play an important role in supporting biodiversity.
sources of fresh water on Earth.
flow of the water. Plateaus are flat areas and
highlands, which are separated from their D. They play a significant role in transportation of goods.
Bodies of water on Earth also provide sources
surroundings. of water, food, medicines, and energy to
b. Read the passages again and tick (1) T (True) or F (False).
humans. They help maintain biodiversity and
play an important role in transportation.
1. Mountains are formed due to volcanic eruptions or tectonic movements.

2. Valleys can be V-shaped or U-shaped.

a. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D. (Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B, C hoặc D.)
3. Plateaus are areas of flat and low-lying lands.
4. Earth has seven oceans and five seas. b. Read the passage again and complete the table below.

5. Bodies of water provide Earth's largest habitats for marine life.

Read the passages and do the tasks that follow.

There are three major types of forests in the world, which are tropical forests, temperate forests, and
boreal forests.

Tropical forests or rainforests are those that grow around the equator, spreading across the equator in
Africa, Southeast Asia, and South America. They are home to orchids, vines, ferns and animals, such
as monkeys, bats, jaguars and various types of insects, totaling hundreds of species of birds and
butterflies and around a thousand plant species. Rainforests help regulate climate and provide us with
everyday products and medicines.

Temperate forests can be found in North America, Europe, and Northeastern Asia. The temperatures
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank in the following passage.
here range from -30 to 30 degrees Celsius. They are home to oak and maple trees and animals like
foxes, lions, eagles, and black bears. The areas have four different seasons with a very obvious winter.
The (1) smartphones are sleek, slim, and offer many features such as high-resolution cameras, fast
The leaves of trees in temperate forests change colour with seasonal change and fall during the winter.
processors, and artificial intelligence capabilities. They (2) users to perform a wide range of tasks,
including browsing the Internet, sending emails, making video calls, playing games, and (3) videos.
Boreal forests are also called taiga. They can be found in Canada, Russia, and northern Japan. There
are only two seasons in these areas, which are the very long, cold and dry winter, and the short, moist,
In the future, smartphones are (4) to become even more advanced, with features such as foldable
and mild summer. The temperature is extremely low, between -50 to 30 degrees Celsius. Boreal forests
screens, holographic displays, and improved battery life. AI will (5) a significant role in the
are home to evergreen trees and various animals including wolves, foxes, hares, bears, and some others.
development of these devices, with features such as voice recognition, (6) recognition, and natural
language processing becoming more sophisticated. Smartphones will likely become even more
a. Which is the best tittle of the passage?A. The advantages of forests (Lợi ích của rừng)
integrated (7) our lives, with the ability to control more of our daily activities, such as managing our
homes, vehicles, and health. The (8) are endless, and it will be exciting to see what the future holds for
B. The locations of the three types of forests (Vị trí của 3 loại rừng)
electronic devices.

C. An introduction to the world's forests (Giới thiệu về rừng trên thế giới)

D. Ways to save the world forests (Những cách cứu rừng thế giới)
 2. What is the advantage of using notebook computers and PDAs?

A. They are cheaper than other computers.

B. They are much faster and more powerful than other computers.

C. They are more portable and can be used in different settings.

D. They are easier to connect to the Internet.

Read the passage and choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each of the questions.
3. The word "hand-held" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
Today, computers are widely used and can be found n a variety of settings, including homes, offices,
shops, hospitals, and schools. People rely on computers so heavily that many of them get frustrated A. little B. big C. short D. long
and cannot work when computers are "down". Nowadays, computers are so essential that they are
utilised for everything from entertainment to navigation. 4. The word "They" in paragraph 3 refers to

Computers of today are much quicker, cheaper, and smaller than those of the past. Many modern A. models B. future computers C. language capabilities D. features
computers are so small that they are the size of a deck of cards. Users can work from a variety of
settings thanks to notebook computers, also known as "ultra-lights," and hand-held Personal Data 5. What are some examples of cutting-edge applications for computer technology?
Assistants (PDAs). These computers' ability to connect to several networks allows users to access
information from any location with greater ease and control over their time. A. Wearable computers, DNA computers, and virtual reality gadgets.

Future computers will be smaller and faster than current models. They may have "smart" or artificial B. Wearable robots, DNA robots, and virtual reality games.
intelligence features like expert intelligence, neural network pattern recognition, or natural language
capabilities, and they may be as small as coins. These features will make it simpler for users to interface C. Wearable cameras, DNA cameras, and virtual reality movies.
with computers and manage a large amount of data from fax, email, Internet, and phone sources.
Wearable computers, DNA computers, virtual reality gadgets, quantum computers, and optical D. Wearable headphones, DNA headphones, and virtual reality music.
computers are just a few examples of the cutting-edge applications that are emerging today.
6. What is the purpose of the passage?
1. Why do people become frustrated when computers stop working?
A. To persuade people to buy computers.
A. Because people are dependent on computers. B. Because they do not like computers.
B. To inform readers about the history of computers and their future.
C. Because computers are too expensive. D. Because they find computers too complicated.
C. To describe how computers work. Choose the correct option A, B, C, or D to fill in each blank in the following passage.

D. To inform readers about the popularity and future of computers. Contrary to many of her friends, Gemma knew for sure what she would do when she (1) secondary
school. Although her scores in academic subjects were quite good, she (2) designing and making
Read the passage and tick (V) T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. women's outfits. Gemma hoped to work soon (3) she wanted to support her grandmother, who had
brought her up. However, she decided that she would earn a (4) in fashion and garment design in order
I recently purchased a robot vacuum cleaner. It IS a compact, disc-shaped machine that is designed to to get more job opportunities. Gemma attended career (5) sessions to seek advice from garment
clean floors automatically. It can move around spaces and avoid obstacles like furniture, walls, and teachers from vocational schools. She looked for schools with courses in fashion, garment, and textile
stairs thanks to an array of sensors. My robot vacuums up dirt and debris from carpets, rugs, and hard before deciding where to study. She practised cutting and (6) tailor in her neighbourhood. She was so
floors using suction power and rotating brushes. hard-working that she improved her skills (7). When Gemma graduated, she already owned a small
tailor shop which was popular with young women. She had such an (8) mind that she kept learning to
My robot is programmed to operate according to a set timetable, allowing it to clean my house while I be successful in her dream job
am away. The robot is equipped with a charging dock, which it can automatically return to when it
needs to recharge its batteries.

My vacuum cleaner robot also features Wi-Fi connectivity and a smartphone app for operation. In
addition to receiving notifications and updates on the robot's cleaning progress, these features enables
me to start, stop, and schedule cleaning sessions remotely.

Overall, my vacuum cleaner robot is a practical and time-saving addition to my household cleaning
routine that gives me a hands-free way to keep my house clean and tidy.
Read the passage and choose the correct option A, B, C, or D for each question.
1. An array of sensors allows the robot to navigate around spaces and avoid obstacles such as furniture,
walls, and stairs. Planning a career path is not easy at all. Although their own preference for a job really matters,
researchers have pointed out some other factors that may influence teenaged students' career choice.
2. The robot is not programmed to run on a specific schedule.
Parents' expectations tend to have the strongest impact on their children's decision-making, especially
3. The robot does not need to recharge its batteries. when they are young. For example, parents who work in the business sector often expect their children
to pursue commerce and business. Sometimes, conflicts occur because children resist choosing the
4. The robot has Wi-Fi connectivity and can be controlled through a smartphone app. path that their parents want. Peer persuasion is another influential factor. Teenagers are impressionable,
so they may find a career attractive because most of their friends do so. Though the most popular jobs
5. The robot requires constant supervision during cleaning sessions. sound cool, students might not do them well in the future if they are not passionate about them. Career
advice that students find on the Internet may also affect their choice. However, not all online advice is
6. The author finds the robot to be a useful addition to his household cleaning routine. practical and helpful. Finally, cost is the basic criterion for many students when planning their career
path. Some choose to study and work abroad while others select a career that is more affordable. The C. To describe the type of careers that students prefer.
factors above may affect students' future careers both positively and negatively. Since career planning
is essential for a rewarding working life, it is vital that students receive a proper orientation from D. To point out how much it costs to pursue a career.
trustworthy sources.
Read the passage and do the tasks that follows.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
These days, the job market is changing so quickly that many wonder what it will be like in the next ten
A. Parental pressure on children's choice of career. B. Drawbacks of career advice on the Internet. years.

C. Factors that affect students' career planning. Technology jobs

D. Trustworthy sources of advice on career development. When work and entertainment go online, technology workers play an important role. Besides software
engineers, Internet security experts will be popular andbetter paid than now. People with both formal
2. What does the word "they" in paragraph 2 refer to? and informal training can get hired for technology jobs. Those without a degree can still a get a job if
they can demonstrate good skills.
A. parents B. children C. expectations D. ages

Food service jobs

3. What is the word "impressionable" in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to?

The busier people get, the higher demand they have for food services. Bartenders and chefs will be
A. strongly impressive B. easily affected C. understandable D. irresponsible
popular. Although the growth rate will be extremely fast, the wages will not raise. There is no specific
education requirement. People can get on-the-job training. Having formal education in cooking and
4. According to the passage, what happens when children disagree with their parents' career advice?
hygiene can help chefs find better-paid jobs and get promoted.

A. Failure. B. Fight. C. Disaster. D. Conflict.

Education jobs

5. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in the reading passage?

Population growth means that there will be more need for teachers. Other education-based jobs like

A. School guidance. B. Peers' opinion. C. Online information. D. Parents' expectation. librarians and museum workers will also be in high demand. Salary for educators will be higher than
they are currently. Most education jobs will still require at least a college degree. In addition, those
who want to be teachers will need to obtain a teacher training certificate.
6. Why does the author mention "study and work abroad" in the last sentence of paragraph 2?

a. Which sector has jobs with each of the following features? Tick (4) column A for Technology,
A. To illustrate how money may affect career choice.
B for Food services, and C for Education. You may tick more than one column at a time. (Ngành

B. To explain the benefits of international education.

nào có việc làm với mỗi đặc điểm sau? Đánh dấu (4) cột A cho Công nghệ, B cho Dịch vụ ăn uống Digital technologies have remarkably changed teenagers' life and work both positively and negatively.
và C cho Giáo dục. Bạn có thể đánh dấu nhiều cột cùng một lúc.) According to UNICEF, 71% of 15-24-year-olds are online and one third of Internet users are under 18
years old.
1. Jobs in this sector allow people to work and learn necessary skills while they are working.
Teenagers benefit from the advances in technology. They have various devices like computers, tablets,
2. Jobs in this sector require a college degree or higher. smartphones, and applications to improve the ways they learn, broaden their relationships, and spend
their leisure time. They have more opportunities to learn, get access to information, and use different
3. Jobs in this sector are in high demand because people are getting busier and busier. communication channels inexpensively.

4. There will be a pay rise in this sector. However, they also face many risks. First, there is a concern about children's physical and mental
health. Statistics show that teens spend less time doing physical activities, and many more teens suffer
5. Formal training is necessary to gain a promotion in this job sector. from obesity, bone and eye problems. Moreover, teens are also at risk of visiting websites which
promote self-harm or suicide. In fact, cyber-bullying on the Internet has become more
6. There will be more jobs in this sector because people use the Internet more.
serious than bullying at school.
b. Complete each gap in the sentence below with no more than THREE words taken from the
passage. Schools and parents should guide children so that they can use devices wisely and not become victims
of those devices and technologies.
1. Software engineers and Internet security experts will be popular and _______ in the near future.
15. The passage is mainly about _______.
2. In the technology sector, people with good _______ can still get a job though they may not have a
degree. A. the benefits of digital technologies B. the risks of digital technologies

3. In food services, _______ and _______ will be in high demand. C.the future of digital technologies D. the pros and cons of digital technologies

4. Chefs could earn more money if they have formal training in cooking and _______. 16. What does the word "They" in paragraph 2 refer to?

5. Teachers are in high demand due to _______. A. Teenagers B. Devices C. Ways D. Activities

6. Examples of jobs in education, excluding teachers, are _______ and _______. 17. What does the writer say about ONE of the benefits of digital technologies?

Read the text below and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the A. Teens can change relationships frequently. B. Teens spend more on communication costs.
following questions.
C. Information is more available to teens. D. Teens have more leisure activities.
18. What is the phrase "at risk" in paragraph 3 closest in meaning to?

A. in danger B. in fear C. by chance D. on occasion

19. What does the writer say about cyber-bullying?

A. It is more frequent now than in the past.

B. Bullying in cyber space is more serious than that offline.

C. There are more cases of bullying at school than in cyber space.

D. Cyber-bullying promotes suicide and self-harm.

Read the following passage and choose A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fills
in each of the blanks below.

As students finish junior secondary school, they often have to choose whether to continue their
academic study or to go to a vocational school. This is certainly a challenging (43). While most parents
want their children to continue to high school, some students don't feel like studying (44) and some
others feel they have no ability to enter the academic world. These students can choose a (45)
education.

There are different types of vocational training available for school (46) to choose from. They can learn
to become automobile repairmen, plumbers, or fashion designers.

Vocational training is important in a number of ways. First, it provides (47) and job-specific
experience. Students can be skilled and ready to work in a (48) job. Vocational training can also bring
employment (49) to villages and small towns. This helps prevent the population from migrating to
large cities. Moreover, vocational training can provide skilled labourers to the workforce. Finally,
vocational students can receive (50) or even diplomas. If they want to continue their academic study
later, they can still do so.