English

Essay Question in your paper

 Essay in Your English Paper

Examination Word Count Marks

GPSC 1-2 250-300 20
DySO 250-300 15
STI 250-300 15
PI 200-250 20
AO 1-2 250-300 20
RFO 250-300 20
What is an essay?

An essay is a way to put forward your understanding of

specific topics/ideas/subject; and explain and argue your
points to answer a given question.

An essay is a writing that includes using the knowledge you

have acquired from books as well as your own research.
There are different types of essays:

1. Analytical

2. Descriptive

3. Philosophical

4. Based on current affairs

Let’s first understand what
description and analysis are.
Description: Recently, President Jacob Zuma made the
decision to reshuffle the parliamentary cabinet,
including the firing of finance minister, Pravin Gordhan.
This decision was not well received by many South
Africans.
Analysis: President Zuma’s firing of popular finance minister, Gordhan
drastically impacted investor confidence. This led to a sharp decrease
in the value of the Rand. Such devaluation means that all USD-based
imports (including petrol) will rise in cost, thereby raising the cost of
living for South Africans, and reducing disposable income. This puts
both cost and price pressure on Organisation X as an importer of USD-
based goods Y, requiring it to consider doing Z. Furthermore, political
instability has the added impact of encouraging immigration,
particularly amongst skilled workers whose expertise is valued
abroad.
The descriptive version only tells us what event happened (the
president decided to reshuffle the cabinet), whereas the analysis
extends to discuss the impact of this event on Organisation X. In
other words, it moved way beyond just describing a macro-level
factor, to explain exactly what this means for the organisation.
 Descriptive Topics Analytical Topics

Independent thinking should be encouraged

Women Empowerment
right from the childhood
Literacy is growing very fast, but there is no
Impact of Social Media
corresponding growth in education
Swacch Bharat How has satellite television brought about
Abhiyaan cultural change in Indian mind sets?
Remote Work
Politics without ethics is a disaster.
Revolution
 Essays Based on Current Affairs
These essays often focus on contemporary issues
such as socio-political, economic, and environmental
topics of national and international importance.
 Essays Based on Current Affairs: Topics

Topic What to write in it

Analyse India’s role in global climate change discussions

Climate change and COP26
and outcomes of the COP26 Summit

Evaluate the strategies and challenges associated with

Vaccination Policies
COVID-19 vaccination drives in India and their effectiveness

Discuss the growth and challenges of the digital economy

Digital Economy
in India, including e-commerce, fintech and data privacy.

Examine the rising cybersecurity threats and their

Cybersecurity Threats
implications for national security and data protection.
 Essays Based on Current Affairs: Topics
Topic What to write in it

Environmental Discuss the importance of preserving biodiversity and conserving

Conservation natural resources, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas

Analyze the educational policies and reforms aimed at enhancing the

Education Reforms
quality of education in India

Analyze India’s foreign policy and diplomatic relations with

Geopolitical Tensions neighbouring countries, particularly in the context of border
disputes

Assess the state of healthcare infrastructure in India, with a focus

Healthcare Infrastructure
on the need for improvements and accessibility
 Philosophical Essays
Topics related to ethics, morality, and philosophical
concepts may be included to test your ability to think
critically and ethically.

You may be asked to justify the statement using

proper theories and arguments.
Let’s Find Out More about
Philosophical Essay
Lending Hands to Someone is
Better than Giving Someone a Dole
According to Dalai Lama, our prime purpose in life is to help
others. Helping each other is what makes us humans
special. Some tend to donate money to
charitable organisations, some people give money to the
poor directly, some people volunteer to do social work,
while some create work for others. It is important to
understand which type of help is most beneficial to
humankind.
 Philosophical Essay: Topics
Topic What to write in it

The Concept of Social Examine the concept of social justice in the Indian context. Discuss
Justice and its Application the historical and philosophical foundations of affirmative action
in India policies and their impact on addressing historical inequalities.
The Ethics of Telling the Delve into the moral dilemmas surrounding honesty and the
Truth potential consequences of telling the truth in various situations.
Consider factors like Kantian deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue
ethics.

Examining the Relationship Explore the complex interplay between reason and faith in human
Between Reason and Faith belief systems. Discuss how different philosophical traditions and
religious faiths have reconciled or clashed with the rational
pursuit of knowledge and truth.
 Philosophical Essay: Topics
Topic What to write in it

Investigate the ethical aspects of euthanasia,

both voluntary and involuntary. Analyze
The Ethics of
different philosophical perspectives, including
Euthanasia
utilitarianism and deontology, and discuss the
implications of end-of-life decisions.
Explore the question of whether humans have
The Philosophy of Free free will or if their actions are determined by
Will external factors. Consider the perspectives of
determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism.
 Give example to make your point along with
supporting details/evidence

Give another example to convince the examiner

with supporting details/evidence.

Make your point as the conclusion. Do not repeat

what has been said above exactly the same way.
Type 1: Persuasive view
Introduce the topic in general terms; then state your own
opinion. Explain what you want to prove in your essay

Reasons for your argument, the ones you support with

evidence and examples

Conclusion: End your essay with something memorable

It could be a saying/quote.
Type 2: BALANCED VIEW
Introduce the argument to the reader. (why it is relevant
topic these days or talk about recent comments/news

Reasons against the argument

Reasons in favour of the argument

After summarizing the two sides, state your own point of

view and explain why you think so
Let’s Take a Look at a Sample
Write an essay in 250 to 300 words on:
Real Knowledge is to know the extent of
one’s ignorance.
Accounts Officer Class 2 Mains
September 2023
Understanding the components of an essay
What can an introduction include?
How can I make my essay more impressive

Add:
• Quotations/phrases/sayings
• Rhetoric questions
• Guide the reader
• Use evidence to support your point (s)
• Give a variety of sentences
• Use linkers/connectors
What can Harm your score

Using contractions
Repeating something again and again
Directly attacking someone or something
Using incorrect data/research/evidence
Deviating from the topic
Another Sample of an Essay

Another Sample of an Essay

Accounts Officer Class 2 Mains
September 2023
Another Sample of an Essay
India is a land where tradition
intertwines with modernity.
Accounts Officer Class 2 Mains
September 2023
What if the topic is very simple?
Bringing up Children in the
Countryside is Better for their
Development
 Connectors/Words/Linkers for
Your Writing
accordingly
and so
as a result
consequently
for this reason
then, thus, hence,
therefore
nevertheless/ nonetheless
Connectors/Words/Linkers for
Your Writing
Alternatively,
The alternative is
On the other hand

In particular
Particularly

Equally
Likewise
Similarly
Let’s Take a Look at Another Sample

The New Emerging Women-Power:

Ground Realities
Previous Year Paper Analysis
Let’s analyse some answer sheets.
(Please note: The samples used here
are purely for the benefit of the
students. They are not meant for
commercialisation.)
How many marks do you think
this answer received?
Let’s analyse another sample.
How many marks do you think
this answer received?
Here’s one more sample for you
 Practice Questions for You
1. Increased use of computers in education threatens
the role of teachers in the classroom.
2. Nature provides a free lunch, but only if we can
control our appetites.
3. Can capitalism bring inclusive growth?
4. Gender Wage Gap and Women’s Rights.
5. We abuse land because we regard it as a
commodity belonging to us.
6. Poverty is the worst form of violence.
 Checklist for your essay
1. Do you have an introduction?
2. Does your introduction relate to the essay question?
3. Have you developed your main idea in your subsequent paragraphs
using assertions and supporting evidence to make your point?
4. Do you have a conclusion?
5. Does your conclusion restate your first paragraph? If so, delete your
conclusion and start again.
6. Have I made sure not to use any contractions?
7. Have I written my answer within the word limit?
8. Have I added a quotation? Have I justified the use of the quotation?
9. Have I provided evidence/research to support my opinions?
Lecture on Formal Letter Writing
GPSC Mains English Paper
 What will we learn today?

• We will talk about formal letter writing.

• What is a formal letter? What types of formal letters are asked in the
exam?
• Why is learning to write a formal letter significant?

• What is the structure (format) of a formal letter?

• How is the body of the letter written?

Formal Letter in my Syllabus
 Formal Letter Writing (Score: 10 marks)

• A formal letter, as it says, is written for formal communication. It

includes letters written to government offices, authorities, officials,
organizations (private or public), and other institutions.
 Understanding the Question

Two Parts

Information Provided Your Task

  QUESTION

Imagine you are the Chief Medical Officer of Vadodara district which is badly
affected by floods. There are possibilities of many diseases breaking out after the
floods recede. Write a letter in about 150 words to the Director General, Health
Services, Gandhinagar, Gujarat suggesting necessary measures.
 Let’s Take a Look at a Sample and
Understand the Format of a Formal
Letter
• Question: Imagine you are an officer on special duty in the Department of
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). India has a rich heritage which includes
a repository of archaeological treasures and incredible monuments. Your
senior officer has sought your opinion about the measures to be adopted to
preserve the invaluable heritage monuments. Write a letter, in about 150
words, to your senior officer suggesting necessary measures.
 Outward No.: AFC/12/2020/32
ABC
ABC

Address of the
sender
in 3 lines
Designation and Da
Address of the te
receiver/
recipient Subje
ct
Salutati
Body of Letter in 3
on
parts:
Introduction
Supporting
evidence/ details
Closure

Thank
Enclosure: Copy of the report
you Signing
off
Format of a formal Letter

Outward No.: AFC/12/2020/32

ABC
Format of a formal Letter
Format of a formal Letter
Format of a formal Letter
 Format of a formal Letter

Enclosure: Copy of the

report
 Points to Keep in Mind

• Make use of modal verbs to give suggestions and probable solutions.

Remember you cannot instruct your reader.

• Use formal and polite language.

• Pay attention to the punctuation marks used in the letter. Do not use
comma after ‘To’ in the recipient address.

• Subject of your letter should be crisp and short.

• Your letter should be in three paragraphs.

• Introduction has to convey the purpose of your letter, that is, what you
are about to say in your letter.

• Main details of the letter should include the details of the matter you
wish to communicate.

• The closure of the letter should end with any one of the following:
request, hope or assistance.

• Do not use contractions like ‘can’t’, ‘won’t’, ‘I’m’, etc.

AO Class 2, 2021
What would
you write?
 Previous Year Paper Analysis

Disclaimer: The samples are being used for study

purpose only not for commercialisation.
 Previous Year Paper Analysis

• Imagine you are an officer on special duty at the battle against Covid-19
in emergency task force of Government of India. To fulfil the mission
your senior officer has sought your opinion about the most essential and
appropriate steps to be taken in situation of the pandemic. Write a
letter to your senior officer giving your opinion in about 150 words.

- AO2 Mains 2021-22

Disclaimer: The samples are being used for study
purpose only not for commercialisation.
 Previous Years’ Questions for You

• Imagine you are an army Brigade Commander posted in Kashmir your

senior officer has sought your opinions about the measures to curb the
incidents of cross border terrorism write a letter in about 150 words to
your senior officer suggesting necessary measures.
• 2. Imagine that you are the officer on special duty at the NITI (National
Institute for Transforming India) Ayog, Government of India. NITI Ayog is
planning to launch schemes for unlocking the full potential of women in
the world of work. To fulfil the mission, your senior officer has sought your
opinion about the most essential and appropriate schemes that can be
launched. Write a letter to your senior officer giving your opinion in about
150 words.
Facilitator and Course Creator : Simar Kharbanda
What we will learn today

Press Release

 What is a press release?

 What is its usage?

 How do we draft a press release?

 What is the difference between a press

release and a press appeal?
 PRESS RELEASE
 A press release is a written document prepared
by an organisation or institution or any other
body to make a significant announcement. It is
done by communicating the announcement
through media. Such announcements hold public
relevance and are therefore communicated
through media in order to reach wider audience.
PRESS RELEASE
 PRESS RELEASE

 GPSC 1-2 - (150 words; 10 marks)

 PI – 2 Questions (200 words – 20 marks; 100

words – 15marks) Total 35 marks

 AO – 150 words; 10 marks

 DySO – No question on Press Release

Press release and press appeal
 Previous Questions in PI Mains Exam
 How is a press release written?
 How is a press release written?
 A press release has:
 A headline (5-20 words depending on the question. It
should be impressive in a way that it gives the
audience a reason to read your press release, it should
be more like announcement. It should be short and
crisp. Also, headline should be like that in newspapers
– all the first letters of the words should be in capital
for example: Rethinking Financial Planning.)
 How is a press release written?
 Place and date of the press release are important to
be mentioned.
 The body of the content should not exceed 150
words. It can be in paragraphs or in one paragraph.
 It is important to mention who has signed the press
release.
 Language used is formal and both active and passive
voice are used.
 Question
 As the PRO of Indian Metrological Department, draft
a press release in 150 words notifying the residents
of Saurashtra region about the approaching Cyclone
Tauktae and appealing them to follow safety
measures during the cyclone.
Let’s take a look at
another sample.
 As the PRO of UPSC, draft a press release in not
more than 200 words, announcing the
postponement of several upcoming written exams
and interviews, including personality tests IES and
ISS, Civil Services exam and other recruitment tests,
till indefinite date.
 Another Type of Press Release

 Question: Adidas will now be the official kit

sponsor for the Indian cricket team. Draft a
press release on behalf of the media
advisory of BCCI in about 150 words.
 PRESS RELEASE
BCCI and ADIDAS announce Multi-year Partnership as Official Kit
Sponsor of the Indian Cricket Team

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) & Adidas has today
announced a brand-new partnership as the kit sponsor for the BCCI.
The contract, which runs through to March 2028, will give Adidas
exclusive rights for manufacturing kit across all formats of the
game. Adidas will be the sole supplier for all match, training & travel
wear for the BCCI- including the men’s, women’s & youth teams.
Starting June 2023, Team India will be seen in the three stripes for
the very first time and will debut their new kit during the World Test
Championship Finals.
 PRESS RELEASE
The partnership between the BCCI and Adidas will drive the sport
forward both on and off the pitch with the sports brand bringing its
innovative designs and expertise to Indian cricket.
23-05-2023 sd/-
Mumbai Media Advisory
BCCI
 How to Decide the Headline
1. Choose the right Verb: Verbs play an important role in Headlines
Let’s take a look at a scenario.
Imagine that you are writing about a local company downsizing and
letting part of its staff go. Verbs can make a lot difference in
showing the severity of the situation.
Toy company laying off 300 employees
Toy company slashes employees
Toy company axes 300 jobs
 How to Decide the Headline
2. The headline should always use an active verb to make it
vivid and exciting.

Present and Future

The choice of verb tense is strategic, because it will not only
help you report the facts, it will make them more vivid. Here
are a few examples.
How to Decide the Headline
Present
First Indian restaurant opens at Parkdale Mall
The verb opens is present tense. The restaurant
has already opened and served customers, but the
use of the present tense makes it more vivid. This
headline would be of interest to people who love
Indian food, and/or go to that mall.
 How to Decide the Headline
Future
Maharaja restaurant to host cookery lessons monthly
In this case, to host refers to something that will happen in
the future.
The Maharaja restaurant in Parkdale Mall will be hosting
cooking lessons every month so local cooks can bring an
authentic taste of India into their everyday meals.
Will be hosting and can bring both serve as future tenses,
referring to things that have not happened yet, but will
soon.
 Previous Years’ Paper Analysis
Disclaimer: The samples are being
used for educational purpose only not
for commercialisation.
 Previous Years’ Paper Analysis
Disclaimer: The samples are being
used for educational purpose only
not for commercialisation.
Question: As a District Magistrate draft a
press release in about 150 words asking
the citizens to take precautionary
measures to prevent water-borne
diseases which are widespread in your
area.
1. DSCI, MeitY and Google have come together to launch
the digital payment abhiyan. As the Public relation
officer of Union Ministry of Electronics, draft a press
release in not more than 150 words.
2. In view of severe Covid-19 pandemic, Government of
India issued notification to provide various relief
measures for taxpayers under GST law. As the PRO of
Government of India, draft a press release in 150 words.
Thank you for joining me.
I hope this lecture was
useful to you.
Lecture on Dialogue Writing

GPSC English Mains

Exam Preparation
Dialogue Writing in PI syllabus

150 words - - 15 marks

 What is Dialogue Writing?

➠ Dialogue writing is written form of a dialogue

conversation. A dialogue conversation takes place
between two or more people. It may be informal or
formal conversation depending on the conversation
partners and the context.
 How to write a dialogue conversation?

➠ A dialogue conversation usually takes place in a

context, that is, there is always a topic or an issue or
an event on which a conversation is based. It is,
therefore, necessary to talk about the situation or
issue between the speakers involved in the
conversation.
 spont
aneo
us
con nat
cise Feat ural
ures
impa intere
rtial sting
 Imagi
natio
n

3
keys
orga outl
nise ine
 Let’s take a look at a sample.

➠ Question : You are Amnish, PI of a local police station.

You are meeting an old acquaintance, Jay, who is a
district court lawyer. Draft a conversation in not more
than 150 words discussing on the topic of importance
of women in police department.
Views about having more women in police force
Organize how you want the PI to begin his conversation with:
No need of women in police

Organize how you want the PI to move with his conversation:

True, women may be important

Organise how you want the PI to end his conversation:
Agrees to the role of women being important in police
department.
Organize how you want the lawyer to begin his conversation
with:

Women would play vital role in reducing crime.

Organize how you want the lawyer to move with his
conversation:

Helping his friend understand his point of view.

Organise how you want the lawyer to end conversation:
Convincing his friend of the role of women being crucial in police
department.
 What is Dialogue Writing?

1. Use formal language. Do not make use of informal words like

‘hey, brother!’
2. Use polite language. Do not sound blunt in your words.
3. Do not use contractions of words like ‘I’ll’ for ‘I will’.
4. Use tenses correctly.
5. Use direct speech.
6. Make sure it is a dialogue not a monologue.
7. Use the name followed by a colon to show which speaker is
saying the
8. particular dialogue. For example,
Anita:
Kirti:
 What is Dialogue Writing?

9. Have a clear view of conversation.

10. Do not leave any question unanswered.
11. Use simple, clear and meaningful sentences.
12. Do not use any offensive language while talking about some
serious issues pertaining to any caste, religion or institution.
13. Use ‘could’ rather than ‘should’ to talk about any possible
solution to be given to a present issue or topic.
14. Give both the characters in your conversation equal
opportunity to say their points.
 Let’s take a look at another sample.
Read the question carefully.

➠ The news of the encounter of perpetrators in

Hyderabad sexual assault case reached the ears of
even the principals of local schools in Delhi. Principal
Anirudh and Principal Lalit share their views in a
dialogue conversation.
➠ Write the dialogue conversation in not more than 150
words.
Organize how you want Anirudh to begin his
conversation with:

Organize how you want Anirudh to move with his

conversation:
Organise how you want Anirudh to end his conversation:
Organize how you want Lalit to begin his conversation
with:
Organize how you want Lalit to move with his conversation:

Organise how you want Lalit to end his conversation:

 Some important words and phrases for
dialogue writing

➠ Showing Complete Agreement

 I completely agree with you.
 You have a point there.
 What you are saying is true.
 You can say that.
 I could not agree more.
 That is correct.
 Some important words and phrases
for dialogue writing

➠ Showing Partial Agreement

 Your point is valid to a certain extent.
 To some extent, what you are saying is true.
 I agree with you to a certain extent.
 That is correct but …
 I agree up to a point, but …
 Some important words and phrases
for dialogue writing

➠ Showing Disagreement
 I am afraid, I can’t agree with you.
 I disagree.
 That does not make sense to me.
 That is not a valid point.
 I believe otherwise.
 I cannot agree with you.
 I have a different perspective.
 Previous Year Paper Analysis

➠ A girl has just graduated and wants to prepare for

Gujarat Police Service. Draft a dialogue in about
150 words between her and her professor about
the prospects of women in police services.
Organize how you want the professor to begin his
conversation with:
Organize how you want the professor to move with his
conversation:
Organise how you want the professor to end his
conversation:
Organize how you want the professor to begin his
conversation with:
Organize how you want the professor to move with his
conversation:
Organise how you want the professor to end his conversation:
 Practice Questions for You

1. Zara and Akshara are two middle school teachers.

Draft a dialogue conversation in 150 words between
them on Triple Talaq and its impact on women
empowerment.
2. Kartik and Ajay are two reporters of different news
channels. They discuss on ISRO’s Gaganyaan, India’s
first-ever manned mission. Draft a dialogue
conversation between them in about 150 words.
Lecture On: Report Writing
Examination Marks Word count

GPSC 1-2 15 150

PI 20 150

DySO 10 200

STI 10 200
What is a Report ?
Report writing is the creation of a structured document
that precisely describes, and examines an event or
occurrence. A report is a document that is short, sharp
and specially written for a particular audience and
purpose.
You can be asked different types of report
writing in your exam.
- Report on an event
- Report on a trip
- Report on a survey
Let’s take a look Report on a formal event
Question : Yoga is accessible to all. On the occasion
of World Yoga Day, you along with your local
Municipal Corporation organized an event to
celebrate Yoga Day for people of all age groups,
religions, nationalities and social backgrounds.
Write a report in about 150 words on the event.
INTRODUCTION
Details of events that took place (in sequence)
Details of events that took place (in
sequence)
Closure
Report on an inaugural event
Question : The G20 Empower Summit 2023 was held in Gujarat
where several international organisations had gathered along
with G20 countries. Write a report on the inaugural session of
G20 Empower Summit 2023 in about 150 words.
 Report on G20 Empower Summit
By – ABC
02.08.2023
Gandhinagar
The G20 empower Summit took place in Gandhinagar,
Gujarat on 1st August 2023. The Summit had a total participation
of over 300 participants. The focus of the summit was women-
led development – ensuring a sustainable, inclusive and equitable
global economic growth. The international delegates were from
13 G20 and 4 guest countries and 8 International Organisations.
The Inaugural session of the EMPOWER Summit was
addressed by many eminent individuals including Minister of
State for Women & Child Development, CEO NITI Aayog and Chief
of Staff of UN Women.
The chief of staff, UN Women highlighted that this shift in
semantics from development for women to women-led
development creates a seismic shift in power which turns women
from beneficiaries to contributors.
 Union Minister for Women & Child Development and
Minority Affairs expressed the hope that TechEquity, a Digital
Inclusion platform developed and launched at the summit
would be of value and use for women around the world in
education. It would subsequently enable transition and
progression in careers, particularly in STEM.
Chief Minister of Gujarat highlighted various schemes
and initiatives of the Government of Gujarat towards the
empowerment of women. He highlighted the centrality of
women’s empowerment towards achieving inclusive and
sustainable growth.
Union Minister for Women & Child Development and
Minority Affairs concluded the inaugural session with her
inspiring words “Make women a priority if you want an
empowered future”.
Let’s take a look at a report writing sample on a
trip.
Write a report on your college students’ trip to
Faculty of Media and Technology,
Raksha Shakti University.
Introduction
Details of events that took place (in sequence)
Details of events that took place (in sequence)
Closure
Sample Report on a Survey
 Write a report on your recent survey in an
industrial area highlighting environmental
and associated health related issues.
Introduction
Details of events that took place (in sequence)
Details of events that took place (in
sequence)
Closure
 Things to Keep in Mind
1. Report writing is formal so you should avoid using
apostrophes and contractions such as "it's" and "couldn't".
Instead, use "it is" and "could not".

2. Be informative. Your job is to provide information. You

don’t need to provide unnecessary details. Stick to
important information. Please do not include opinions.

3. If you are writing a report on an event, make sure the

events should be presented in a sequence.

4. Use more of reported (indirect) speech in the report.

 Things to Keep in Mind
6. Usually the present perfect tense or simple past tense is
used in report writing. Present perfect tense is used to
refer to an action or incident that recently took place and
continues to affect the present. For example, heavy rainfall
has damaged the roads. More than 500 deaths have been
reported.
Simple past tense is used to refer to an action or incident
that took place in the remote past and does not have an
impact in the present. For example, The rain water receded
last month.
Remember, sometimes past perfect tense is also used to
show chronological order of two incidents that took place in
the past one after the other. For example, The rescue team
had arrived before the helicopter caught fire.
Previous Year Paper Analysis -
1
 Previous Year Paper Analysis - 2
Question : National Road Safety month was observed under the aegis
of Ministry of Road and Transport and Highways from 18th January to
17th February 2021 in order to create awareness among general public
to improve the safety on road. Your college observe the National
Road Safety month and organized various programs and activities
about road safety to advocate this cause among students, staff and
general public. Write a report about the event in about 150 words.
 Your Turn to Practice

1. You went on a cycling campaign raising awareness on

the ill effects of plastic on the environment. Write a
report about the campaign in 150 words.
2. Write a report in 150 words regarding the survey
carried out by your team in a hilly tribal area regarding
the financial inclusion under Jan-dhan yojana.
 Do not translate literally from Gujarati.
 Practice grammar thoroughly. You need to use
grammatically correct language.
 Give more time to writing practice. It should be regular.
 Improve your reading and awareness of subject.
 Do not copy exactly from any source. Try to write in
your own words. You do not require complex sentences.
Be simple and clear.
 Practice managing your time. Do not leave any question
unanswered.
GPSC English Mains Paper
 What we will learn today

• What is a visual information?

• What does writing on a visual information mean?

• Why do I need to learn to write on a visual

information?

• Let’s learn how a visual information is interpreted.

Writing on Visual Information in my Syllabus
 Types of Visual Information

You may be asked to report/analyze any of the following

types of visual information:

• Charts

• Tables

• Graphs

• Flow chart/Process

• Map

• There can also be multiple visual

representations
 Graphs

A diagram that uses bars of different heights to show

different amounts so that they can be used to tell the
trend or the comparison.
Why Graphs need to be studied?

DySO Mains 2018-19

40%
30%
20% 1980

10% 2010

0%
Pune Mumbai Chennai Delhi

Question: The graph shows the percentage of part-

time workers in each city of India in 1980 and 2010.
Write an analysis in not more than 150 words.
40%
The graph shows
the percentage of
20%
1980 part-time workers
in each city of India
0% 2010 in 1980 and 2010.
Write an analysis
in not more than
150 words.

The bar chart shows the percentage of people who have part jobs in the
cities that make up the major service sector of India, both in 1980 and
2010. There has generally been a small increase in part-time workers
from 1980 to 2010, except in Mumbai. The graph also shows that Pune and
Delhi have far more part-time workers than Mumbai and Chennai.
In 1980, 25 percent of people in Pune worked part time.
The only city with a greater percentage of part-time
workers was Delhi, with around 33 percent working part
time. Both cities saw an increase in the percentage of
people working part time in 2010. In Pune, the Percentage
rose to over 30 percent and in Delhi percentage rose to
just over 35 percent.
40%
30% The graph shows
20% the percentage of
1980 part-time workers
10% in each city of India
0% 2010 in 1980 and 2010.
Write an analysis
in not more than
150 words.

Chennai had the smallest percentage of part-time workers in 1980, with just over a
ten percent. However, this rose to almost 20% in 2010 which is a large increase.
Lastly, Mumbai was the only city which had a decreasing percentage of part-time
workers. In 1980, it had around 15% of people in part-time work. This decreased by
a couple of percent in 2010.
Points to keep in mind while writing a report or analysis on line graph.

• Plan your writing. You can usually divide it into three

paragraphs: introduction, first main paragraph and second
main paragraph.
• Begin with an introductory sentence that describes the
graph in general terms, but don’t repeat the exact wording
of the question.
• Then describe one or two general trends shown in the graph.
Don’t go into detail; just report the most important trends
you see when you look at the graph.
• If the line graph has more than two lines, try to arrange
the data into two or three groups. For example, you could
divide the data into rising trends and falling trends.
• Focus on the general direction of a trend; don’t write
about each change in direction of a line.
• Remember, don’t try to analyse or explain the
information in the graph, or do any calculations; just
describe and report it.
• Make sure your handwriting is clear and legible.
 Introductory Verbs
Indicate – The graph indicates
Show – The graph shows
Compare – The graph compares
Provide – The graph provides information
Give – The graph gives information
(The information provided in the graph is about/The
information given in the graph is about)
Provide data – This graph provides data about
 Pie Charts

A diagram consisting of a circle divided into sections to show the size

of particular amounts in relation to the whole.
 Solar 0.1%

Wind 0.1%
Nuclear
Coal 21.6% energy 7.9% Traditional Modern Biomass
biomass 8.4% 0.20%

Geothermal 0.68%

Natural gas Oil Hydroelectricity

23.2% 1.20%
36.8%

Modern Renewables 2.1%

Question: The chart shows the proportion of Cambodia’s main energy

supplies
derived from different sources in 2010. Write a report in not more than 150
words.
 Solar 0.1%

Wind 0.1%
Nuclear
Coal 21.6% energy 7.9% Traditional Modern Biomass
biomass 8.4% 0.20%

Geothermal 0.68%

Natural gas Oil Hydroelectricit

23.2% y 1.20%
36.8%

Modern Renewables 2.1%

The pie chart gives a breakdown of the sources which Cambodia's primary
energy came from during the year 2010. All figures are percentages of the
total. The country has heavy reliance on fossil fuels and there is a clear lack
of alternative sources.
 Solar 0.1%

Wind 0.1%
Nuclear
Coal 21.6% energy 7.9% Traditional Modern Biomass
biomass 8.4% 0.20%

Geothermal 0.68%

Natural gas Oil Hydroelectricit

23.2% y 1.20%
36.8%

Modern Renewables 2.1%

The most striking feature is Cambodia's massive dependence on fossil

fuels, which accounted for over 80% primary energy supplies. More than
60% came from oil and natural gas combined. Coal supplied about a fifth.
 Solar 0.1%

Wind 0.1%
Nuclear
Coal 21.6% energy 7.9% Traditional Modern
biomass 8.4% Biomass
0.20%

Geothermal 0.68%

Natural gas Oil Hydroelectricit

23.2% y 1.20%
36.8%

Modern Renewables 2.1%

The proportion of primary supplies from alternative sources, at under 11 %

was very low. More than three quarters of this was supplied by traditional
biomass. The most significant was hydro-electric (1.2%); and about half
that amount was supplied by geothermal energy. Modern biomass was
insignificant at only 0.2% while wind and solar energy were the smallest of
all at 0.1% each.
 Solar 0.1%

Wind 0.1%
Nuclear
Coal 21.6% energy 7.9% Traditional Modern Biomass
biomass 8.4% 0.20%

Geothermal 0.68%

Natural gas Oil Hydroelectrici

23.2% ty 1.20%
36.8%

Modern Renewables 2.1%

The other primary energy source was nuclear power, accounting for 7.9%
of the national total.
 Tables

A list of facts or numbers arranged in a special order, usually in

rows and columns.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per 11100 15760 160 130
person (in US dollars)

Life expectancy at 76 78 51 47
birth

Daily calorie supply 3326 2846 1927 1749

per person

Adult literacy rate (%) 99 99 68 34

The table shows social and economic indicators for four

countries in 2010, according to United Nations statistics. Write a
report in not more than 150 words.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per
person (in US dollars) 11100 15760 160 130

Life expectancy at
birth 76 78 51 47

Daily calorie supply

per person 3326 2846 1927 1749

Adult literacy rate (%)

99 99 68 34

A glance at four indicators of economic and social conditions in

four countries: Canada, Japan, Peru and Zaire, in 2010 reflects
the great difference that exists between wealthier and poor
nations.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per
person (in US dollars) 11100 15760 160 130

Life expectancy at
birth 76 78 51 47

Daily calorie supply

per person 3326 2846 1927 1749

Adult literacy rate (%)

99 99 68 34

The table shows that Japan and Canada had annual income of
$15760 and $11100 per person, respectively. These figures were
overwhelmingly greater than the corresponding figures of $160
in Peru and $130 in Zaire. Health indicators, too, reflected overall
levels of affluence in the four nations.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per
person (in US dollars) 11100 15760 160 130

Life expectancy at
birth 76 78 51 47

Daily calorie supply

per person 3326 2846 1927 1749

Adult literacy rate (%)

99 99 68 34

Life expectancy at birth, for example, was higher among the

more economically developed countries. Japan reported the
highest life expectancy, 78. This suggest that richer societies are
able to put more money into health care than poorer ones.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per 11100 15760 160 130
person (in US dollars)

Life expectancy at 76 78 51 47
birth

Daily calorie supply 3326 2846 1927 1749

per person

Adult literacy rate (%) 99 99 68 34

The amount of calories consumed daily per person roughly

followed the same ranking. The Canadians consumed some 3326
calories per day while the Japanese took 2846 calories.
Indicators Canada Japan Peru Zaire
Annual income per
11100 15760 160 130
person (in US dollars)
Life expectancy at
76 78 51 47
birth
Daily calorie supply
3326 2846 1927 1749
per person
Adult literacy rate (%)
99 99 68 34

Peru and Zaire, on the other hand, consumed 1927 and 1749
calories, respectively. Literacy rates among adults, too, were
higher in wealthier countries. Canada and Japan both reported
literacy rates of 99% while Zaire reported the least of 34%.
 Table and Bar Chart Comparison

Sometimes, in the exam, you are asked to write a

report/analysis on two visual representations (a table and a
bar or two tables or two bars). Let’s find out how it is done.
 Internet use (in %)
Internet use trends – all
Indians 2018 89%
Banking 62% 14-17 100%
Phone calls 22% 98%
20-29 99%
Blogs 10%
97%
Orders goods 57%
and services 40-49 96%
91%
Bills 63%
65+ 58%

0% 50% 100% 150%

Question: The table and chart give the results of surveys in India
about the use of Internet. The table provides information on the
reasons for use. The chart shows use in relation to age. Write an
analysis report in 150 words.
 Internet use trends – all
Internet use (in %)
Indians 2018
Banking 62% 89%
14-17 100%
Phone calls 22%
98%
Blogs 10%
20-29 99%
Orders goods 57%
97%
and services
40-49 96%
Bills 63%
91%
65+ 58%

0% 50% 100% 150%

The table and chart provide details about who uses the Internet in India and what
it is used for. First, the chart indicates that an average of 89 percent of Indians
use the Internet. However, all 14-17 year-olds go online, and 99 percent of the 20-
29 age group. This figure is a few percent lower between the two age groups and
then decreases to 91 percent up to the age of 64. After that age, the percentage
of people who use the Internet dips to 58.
 Internet use trends – all
Internet use (in %)
Indians 2018
Banking 62% People over 14 89%
Phone calls 22% 14-17 100%
Blogs 10% 18-19 98%
Orders goods 57% 20-29 99%
and services 30-39 97%
Bills 63% 40-49 96%
According to the table, people use the Internet most for 50-64 91%
paying the bills and banking, at 63 and 62 percent 65+ 58%
respectively. The next most popular reason is that the
Internet is used for purchasing goods and services. In 0% 50% 100% 150%
contrast, only 22 percent of use is for making phone calls,
and even less for writing blogs.
Overall, Internet use is very high among most age groups,
but it is less popular among older people. Among adults
its highest level of use is related to financial activities.
 Flow Chart (Process/System/Cycle)

• Process - A diagram that shows the connections

between different stages of a process.

• System – A group of things, pieces of equipment, etc.

that are connected or work together.

• Cycle – The fact of a series of events being repeated

many times, always in the same order.
• Question: The flow chart below shows an automatic
photo booth. Summarise the information by selecting
and reporting the main features and make comparisons
where relevant. Write in 150 words.
• The flow chart shows the main feature of a coin-operated
photo booth, which allows the user to take large or
passport-size self-portraits.
• Two buttons on the outside of the booth allow you to
select the size of photo (large format or passport size). If
the large format setting is chosen, you will only receive
one photo. Passport-sized photos are issued in sets of
four. Two buttons below these let you choose colour or
black and white, although you must choose colour for
passport photos. There is also a slot on the outside of the
booth for the insertion of coins, and a larger slot where
the photos are delivered.
• Inside the booth, there is an adjustable seat to
sit on. The seat should be adjusted so that your
eyes are level with the arrow on the screen. A
mirror allows you to check your appearance
before the photos are taken. The curtain in the
doorway should be closed when the photos are
taken. A light to the right of the screen comes
on, telling you to prepare. After this, the flash
goes off after three seconds. The photographs
are delivered outside within sixty seconds.
Answer Analysis
Question: The diagram shows the procedure for
university entry for senior secondary graduates.
Write a report for a university lecturer describing
the information in about 150 words.
Question 1 on Writing on Visual Information
What would you write?
Let’s take a look at attempted
answers.
Let’s Take a Look at the Answer
 The flowchart illustrates the various steps
that a high school student must follow to
enter university.

 Once the high school has been obtained,

students need to complete an application
for university entrance. This can be
downloaded from the university website.
The completed application should then be
sent to the administration.
 Applicants receive a reply two weeks later which
is provisional acceptance, a rejection or an
acceptance. If a rejection is received, students
can either cancel their application altogether or
complete an application for an alternative course
and send to the administration office.
 A provisional acceptance means that more
documentation is required.
 Applicants in this situation should
complete the additional documentation
and submit them to the office. When an
acceptance is received, the applicant
should complete the enrolment form and
select which subjects he or she wishes to
undertake and register with the dean.
When all this is complete, the applicant
may enter university.
Maps
Why Maps need to be studied?

AO Class 2 mains Gujarati paper 2022-23

Question on Writing on Visual Information
(Maps)

 The diagrams below show the site of

a school in 2004 and the plan for
changes to the school site in 2024.
Summarise the information by
selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons
where relevant. Write in 150 words.
Let’s Take a Look at a possible answer
 The maps illustrate how a school site is planned
to be developed over a 20-year period. Overall, there
will be extensive developments with regards to
construction of buildings, facilities and roads in the
school site, and the number of students will also
increase significantly. In 2004, there was only one car
park to the west of the site where the main entrance
to the school was located. There were also two school
buildings, accommodating 600 students altogether,
separated by a path running from the main entrance
to the sports field in the east.
 The school was surrounded by woodland in the north,
south and east. There are plans to increase the number of
students served by the school by 400 in 2024. As a result, a new
school building will replace the old sports field, and the two
original buildings are going to be joined together. The old path will
then connect these to the new building number 3, no longer
running to the main entrance. Furthermore, a part of the
woodland in the east is planned to be deforested and replaced by
a new car park as well as a new, smaller sports field. Finally, a new
road will be paved passing south of the school building, which will
connect the two car parks.
 Images

A picture of people, places, situation, etc., that

may hold significance in current time.
AO Class 2 Mains, 2022-23
AO Class 1 Mains 2020-21
Previous Year Paper Analysis

Note: Samples used in this video are for

students’ benefits only. They are not meant
for commercialisation.
 Your Turn to Practice

Question: Reflect on the following picture with

meaningful observations in about 150 words.
 Thank you for joining me.
I hope the lecture was useful to you.
 Formal Speech (in about 150 words)
 A speech (in a formal style) that is to be read out in a formal
function. This could be an inauguration speech, an educational
seminar/conference, a formal ceremony of importance etc.
 Formal Speech (in about 150 words)

Examination of Marks
GPSC 1-2 15
AO 15
RFO 15
DySO 10
STI 10
What is a speech? How is it different from other writing skills?

 Writing for public speaking isn’t so different from other types of

 writing. You want to engage your audience’s attention, convey
 your ideas in a logical manner and use reliable evidence to support
 your point. But the conditions for public speaking favour some
 writing qualities over others. When you write a speech, your
 audience is made up of listeners. They have only one chance to
 comprehend the information as you read it, so your speech must be
 well-organized and easily understood. In addition, the content of
 the speech and your delivery must fit the audience.
What is a speech? How is it different from other writing skills?

 Types of speech that can be asked

 Convocation
 Inauguration
 Seminar/conference: climate change, deforestation
 A special day: world water day, women’s day, teacher’s day
 An occasion of importance: sports meet, passing-out parade,
 inter-university swimming contest
Let’s take a look at A sample now
 Speech Writing: Question

 ICFAI University has organised an event on the

occasion of the 4th convocation. Draft a speech to
be delivered by the governor of Mizoram in 150
words.
Speech Writing: Format
Speech Writing: Format

Addressing and welcoming

 Speech Writing: Format

Introducing the main aim of your speech

 Speech Writing: Format

Supporting your point/elaborating your introduction

Speech Writing: Format

Concluding your speech

Let’s take a look at A sample now
 On behalf of the President of India, draft a speech
to be delivered on the valedictory ceremony of
the 13th edition of Aero India, in not more than
150 words.
 Question: Draft a speech, in not more than 150
words, on behalf of the PM of India to address the
NCC cadets at NCC PM Rally in Delhi.
 AO 2 Question 2021-22 Mains

 To commemorate the unparallel contribution of Netaji Subhash Chandra

Bose to our great Nation, 23rd January, his birthday, is celebrated as
“PARAKRAM DIVAS.” Government of Gujarat organized National Youth
Conclave to inspire the youth of the country, to act with fortitude in the
face of adversity as Netaji did, and to infuse in them a spirit of patriotic
fervour. In about 150 words, draft an inaugural speech to be delivered on
this occasion by the Minister of Youth Affairs, Sports and Cultural
Activities, Government of Gujarat.
 Question

All India Inter University Athletics Meet is to be

organised by Swarnim Gujarat Sports University,
Gandhinagar. Draft the inaugural speech in about
150 words to be delivered by the Governor of
Gujarat.
Let’s take a look at THE
sample ANSWER now
 Question

 The institute of law, Nirma University,

Ahmedabad organised an international
conference on “Strengthening Climate
Justice Initiative”. Draft a formal speech in
not more than 150 words to be delivered by
the governor of Gujarat.
I hope this lecture was useful to you.
Précis Writing (pronounced- Prey-si)

 Precis writing is an exercise in compression. A

precis is the gist of a passage expressed in as few
words as possible. A precis should give all
essential points so that anyone reading it will be
able to understand the idea expressed in the
original passage. Precis writing can be considered
as an art. It is a subtle way of writing the long
passages into crisp and cohesive short paragraph.
Précis Writing (pronounced- Prey-si)

 And that is why it is very important to know

the basics of precis. If you are in the field of
communication, you will find precis writing to
be a useful tool. A precis writing is not just
lifting the words from the original paragraph.
 It should be written in a precise manner in
your own words.
Rules of Writing a Precis

 There is no fixed pattern to write a precis.

But we must follow certain rules and
procedure so that the precis can be more
effective. Follow the right diction and you
will be able to write a good precis.
 For a good precis, follow
this procedure

 Start by reading the paragraph thoroughly and

then understand the central theme or the idea.
It is important that you identify the idea so that
you incorporate that in the required precision.
 Check whether the total number of words is
given or not. If it is not given than count out the
total words in the paragraph.
 For a good precis, follow
this procedure

 If you have not understood the precis in one go

then give it 1-2 more reads. Make sure you are
clear with the meaning of the passage.
 While reading the paragraph highlight the main
points and make notes of it. Try to find which
information is irrelevant for your precis.
 For a good precis, follow
this procedure

 The heading is very critical, so give it a good

thought before finalizing it. It is better to give the
heading after you complete writing the precis.
 The notes or the points that you have highlighted
are very important.
 As the precis should follow the logical order,
arrange these points in the same.
For a good precis, follow
this procedure

 For officials, you need to provide titles and

designations rather than names. If nothing is
provided then you go with the personal
name, but make sure that you follow the
same pattern throughout your writing.
For a good precis, follow
this procedure

 Before submitting your draft, review it

properly as the precis is already in a short
format, errors should be avoided.
 Have a final glance at the paragraph to make
sure that you have missed out on anything. A
good practice would be to count the number
of words in the precis and put it in a bracket at
the end of the precis.
 How to write a précis?
Let’s take a look at a sample.

 Read the passage carefully. You are

required to write a précis for it in one-third
the number of words used in the passage.
Remember to give a title.
Step 1- Read the passage
carefully.
Step 2: Read the passage once more
and note the main points.
 Compare the points you listed with the points given below.
1. Working classes enjoy better living conditions in the
present century.
2. In earlier civilisations there was a big gap between the
conditions of kings, etc. and those of the masses.
3. The effect of the Industrial Revolution on the lot of the
working classes is significant.
4. The starting of Trade Unions.
Step 3 - Can you write a précis using
the main points?
Share your answer.
 Compare the points you listed with the points given below.
1. Working classes enjoy better living conditions in the
present century.
2. In earlier civilisations there was a big gap between the
conditions of kings, etc. and those of the masses.
3. The effect of the Industrial Revolution on the lot of the
working classes is significant.
4. The starting of Trade Unions.
Step 4- Can you reduce the word
count further?
Here’s the final précis.
What title would you
give to the précis?
Suggested title for the précis is ‘Industrial
Revolution and the Working Class’.
 Your turn to try!
Read the passage carefully and pick out four
main points from it. Then write a précis.
 The use of repetition is the simplest form of
advertising. In advertisements, repeated use of a
particular phrase or trade-mark aims to make such
an impression on the customer that he will tend to
buy that product. Indeed, some trade-names,
'Vaseline' for example, have become so well known
that they are used instead of the real name of the
products. Owing to the large number of consumer
articles and products now in the market, advertising
by repetition is less effective than it was in the past
Let’s take a look at
another sample.
 Précis:
 A Deadly Enemy – Earthquake Earthquake is the mankind's
deadly enemy. Earthquake strikes all without a distinction
of nationality or political affiliation. The power of a quake
is greater than that of any man-made weapon of
destruction. An earthquake strikes mankind without a
warning. A modern city when struck is reduced -to a nibble.
 A quake strikes plains, seas and mountains causing all
round destruction. The quake struck Lisbon in 1755
killing 450; Peru in 1970 killing 50,000; Alaska in 1968
moving it 80 feet into the Pacific Ocean. Scientists are
trying to find out means to combat earthquakes, to
predict the origin of the quake so that precaution can
be taken to save man and property from destruction.
 Checklist for Writing a
Precis
Checklist Yes/No
Main Points noted.
Precis written in logical sequence.
Tenses and meaning are same as in original
passage.
Word count as required.
Suitable Heading given.
The precis is not copied directly from passage.
The precis is written in my own words.
Word count mentioned at the end of precis.
Previous Year Paper
Analysis
 Question: Write a precis of the following
passage in about one-third of its original length.
 Examination Marks Types of questions
GPSC 1-2, AO 1-2, 15 5 MCQs; 10 short answer
RFO type questions
PI 20 Short answer type
questions
DySO 10 Short answer type
questions
STI 10 Short answer type
questions
What you need to remember:
1. Word count for each answer.
2. What is expected from you
3. How you present your answer
4. What is relevant and what is irrelevant
5. What is the correct way to write the answer
(understanding types of questions)
What is Reading Comprehension?
Understanding and interpretation of written text. The
text can be fiction or non-fiction in nature.

How is reading comprehension helpful?

It helps both in writing and reading. It offers vocabulary
and variety of sentence formation.
Majorly, questions in a reading comprehension test
are based on the following strategies of reading.
1. Locating specific information
2. Inference (of words, sentences, thoughts);
drawing conclusions (author’s message)
3. Main idea (central theme, suitable title)
4. Summarizing
Locating specific information
It means that the answer is in the passage and
does not require to be changed. You just need to
locate the specific (as per the demand of your
question) and use it to write your answer.

This type of question is the most common in all

reading comprehension tasks.
Let’s take a look at some examples.
Read the passage and answer the question.
Read the passage and answer the question.
Read the passage and answer the question.

What may cause a serious injury while using

trampoline?
Summarizing is a strategy that we use regularly.
Summarizing is when we take large selections of
text and reduce them, making sure to include the
main points and the general idea of the text. The
purpose of this strategy is to pull out the main ideas
out of the passage and focus on the key details.

Remember that you will not be asked to give

summary of the complete passage. You may be
asked to summarise a certain portion of the passage.
Understanding Inference

Using information that is stated in a passage to draw

an assumption that is not stated. For example, “The
furry animal sat in her master’s lap, purring
contently.” You might think/say that the “furry
animal” is a cat, given the information—and that
would be an inference.

To infer means to arrive at a conclusion by reasoning

from evidence.
Vocabulary Questions

Context means the words, phrases, and

sentences surrounding an unfamiliar word. The
context can help you make an educated guess
about a new word or phrase (vocabulary).
Main Idea

The main idea is the central, or most important,

idea in a paragraph or passage. It states the
purpose and sets the direction of the paragraph or
passage. The main idea may be stated or it may be
implied.
Reading Comprehension 1
Read the passage carefully and answer the
questions that follow.
Previous Year Paper Analysis
 THANK YOU FOR JOINING ME.
I HOPE THE LECTURE WAS USEFUL.
Read the text carefully.
Read the text carefully.
I ask my students to keep in mind that you are for
the poor, serving the poor is your pledge. The
whole burden falls upon the poor. On what basis
does the government run? The government feeds
on the money earned by the poor. The most
important thing is that you remember the plea of
the poor. Who doesn’t terrify the poor? Preachers,
the government, courts of law, famine, tyranny, all
oppress them.
Synonyms
Oppress – afflict, deject, weigh down,
maltreat, ill-treat, tyrannize, enslave,
crush, exploit

Terrify – scare, frighten, intimidate,

daunt, threaten

Feeds on – lives on, consumes, depends

on, thrives on
Translation in your syllabus
 Translation in your syllabus
Examination Marks Word Count
GPSC 1-2 15 150
PI 20 150
DySO 10 150
STI 10 150
Make points that you think are
important for translation.
Let’s try and understand how
translation is done.
Step 1- Read the passage carefully.
Master Rule: Do not translate word to
word. Translate the meaning: Sentence
by sentence.
What you need to remember:
1. What is the central theme/main
idea?
You can see the passage talks about a
conversation between two friends who are
discussing about a get together / gathering.
2. Pay attention to the verbs.
It is important to understand what is
happening.
3. Look closely at the tenses used.

There are mixed variety of tenses.

Remember that tenses should
remain same in the translated text.
4. Also, remember to use correct voice
(active/passive).

It will help you form the correct sentence.

It is important to remember if the

sentence formation rule is: Sub-verb-
object or object-verb- (subject).
5. Sometimes, there may be lengthy or
complex sentences so look closely for
connectors or conjunctions in the sentences.
For example:
Other things to take care of are, using:
1. Correct pronouns
2. Correct vocabulary
3. Meaningful sentences (without changing the
meaning of the original text)
4. Correct speech (direct/indirect)
Remember :
Translation has to be of the meaning of
the text not of the words alone.
The meaning should not change. Pay
attention to the details of the text.
Try translating the text now.
Let’s Review the writing.