JR MATHS – IB QUESTION WISE CDF

NARAYANA EDUCTIONAL INSTITUTIONS

ANDRA PRADESH
JUNIOR MATHS-1B QUESTION WISE CDF
VSAQ
1) STRAIGHT LINES:
A) The slope of the line passing through the points A( x1 , y1 ) & B( x2 , y2 ) is
y −y
Slope = 2 1
x2 − x1
−a
B) Slope of ax + by + c = 0 is m =
b
C) The equation of the line passing through the points A( x1, y1 ) & B( x2 , y2 ) is
 y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
D) IF The lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are Parallel  m1 = m 2
E) IF The lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 are Perpendicular
 m1.m2 = −1
F) Collinear Question
Slope of AB= Slope of BC= Slope of AC
G) The ratio in which the straight line L  ax + by + c = 0 divides the
− L11
joining the points A( x1 , y1 ) , B ( x2 , y2 ) is
L22
2) STRAIGHT LINES:
A) The Perpendicular distance from p ( x1 , y1 ) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is
ax1 + by1 + c
d =
a 2 + b2
B) The distance between the parallel lines ax + by + c1 = 0 & ax + by + c2 = 0
c1 - c2
is d =
a 2 + b2
C)Area of the triangle formed by the lines ax + by + c = 0 with the co-
c2
ordinate axes ( x = 0 & y = 0) is   =
2 ab
D)  is angle between the lines a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0

a1a2 + b1b2
then cos =
(a 1
2
+ b12 ) (a
2
2
+ b2 2 )

E) The lines a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , & a3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0 are

a1 b1 c1
concurrent  a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 c3
x y
F) (I) Slope intercept form y = mx + c (II) Intercept form + =1
a b
(III) Normal form x cos  + y sin  = P where P is always positive
3) 3D-CO-ORDINATES :
 x + x + x3 y1 + y2 + y3 z1 + z2 + z3 
A) Centroid of Triangle G = 1 2 , , 
 3 3 3 
B) Centroid of Tetrahedron
 x + x2 + x3 + x4 y1 + y2 + y3 + y4 z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 
G = 1 , , 
 4 4 4 
C) In the parallelogram ABCD find fourth vertex
D = ( x1 + x3 − x2 , y1 + y3 − y2 , z1 + z3 − z2 )
D) Distance between two points A( x1, y1, z1 ) B ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) is

( x1 − x2 ) + ( y1 − y2 ) + ( z1 − z2 )
2 2 2

E) Collinear Question
First find AB,BC,AC
AFTER THAT
AC=AB+BC (or) AB=BC+AC (or) BC=AB+AC
4)THE PLANES
A) Angle between the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 z + d1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 z + d2 = 0
a1a2 + b1b2 + c1c2
cos =
a12 + b12 + c12 a22 + b22 + c22
x y z
B) intercept form OF the plane is + + = 1
a b c
C) NORMAL form OF the plane is
a b c d
x+ y+ z= ( d  0)
a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2
D) the equation of the plane passing through the point ( x1, y1, z1 ) and parallel
to the plane ax + by + cz + d = 0 is a ( x − x1 ) + b ( y − y1 ) + c ( z − z1 ) = 0
E) Equation of the plane parallel to (i) YZ Plane is X=K
(ii) XZ Plane is Y=K
(iii)XY Plane is Z=K
5) LIMITS
sin Kx sin x
A) Lt = K  Lt = 1(any trigonometry function)
x→0 x x→0 x
tan Kx tan x
B) Lt = K  Lt = 1 (any trigonometry function)
x→0 x x→0 x
C) Lt a − 1 = loge a  Lt 3 − 1 = loge 3 (powe x)
x x

x→0 x x→0 x
ex − 1
D) Lt =1
x→0 x
6) LIMITS
A) Mod problems
(I) x  0 then x = x (II) x  0 then x = − x
B) LIMITS INFINITY PROBLEMS
1 1
if x →  then → 0, 2 → 0...
x x
7. DIFFERENTATION
d d d
A) (I) (sin x ) = cos x, ( cos x ) = − sin x (sec x ) = sec x.tan x
dx dx dx
(II)
d
dx
( tan x ) = sec2 x,
d
dx
1
( log x ) = ,
x
d x
dx
( e ) = ex

(III) d ( xn ) = n.xn−1  d ( x ) = 1, d ( constant ) = 0  d (2) = 0

dx dx dx dx
 −1
(IV)
d
( sin −1 x ) =
1
,
d
( cos−1 x ) = ,
d
( tan −1 x ) =
1
1 + x2
dx 1 − x2 dx 1 − x2 dx
8.DIFFERENTATION
d d d d
A) ( uv ) = v (u ) + u ( v ) , (OR) (uv ) = vu1 + uv1
dx dx dx dx
d (u ) d (v )
v −u
d  u  vu1 − uv1 d u
B)   = (or )   = dx 2 dx
dx  v  v 2
dx  v  v
d
C) ( uvw) = vwu1 + uwv1 + uvw1
dx
9)ERRORS AND APPROXIMATION
A) y = f ( x + x ) − f ( x ) & dy = f ( x ) x
1

y x
B) (I)Relative error in y  (II) Percentage error in X  X 100
y x
10) MEAN VALUE THEOREM
A) Statement Of Rolle’s Theorem
f :  a, b  → R be a function satisfying the following conditions
(i) f is continuous on [a, b]
(ii) f is differentiable on (a, b)
(iii) f(a)=f(b)
then there exists at least one point c  ( a, b ) such that f 1 ( c ) = 0

B) Lagrange’s theorem
f :  a, b  → R be a function satisfying the following conditions

(I) f is continuous on [a, b] ii) f is differentiable on (a, b)

f (b) − f ( a )
then there exists at least one point c  ( a, b ) such that f
1
(c) =
b−a
 SAQ
11. LOCUS
A) Ratio is 2:3 question
let P ( x, y ) be any point on the locus
Given condition  Ratio is 2:3
 PA : PB = 2 : 3
PA 2
 =
PB 3
B) Right angle at P question
let P ( x, y ) be any point on the locus
Draw the right-angle triangle
Given condition  Right angle at P
 APB = 900
 PA2 + PB2 = AB2
C) Area question
let P ( x, y ) be any point on the locus
Given condition  area of PAB = 8.5
1 x1 − x2 x1 − x3
=
2 y1 − y2 y1 − y3
D) DIFFRENCE question
let P ( x, y ) be any point on the locus
Given condition  PA − PB = 4
 PA − PB = 4
 PA = PB  4
S.O.B.S
PA2 = ( PB  4 )
2

E) Sum question
let P ( x, y ) be any point on the locus
Given condition  PA + PB = 8
 PA = 8 − PB
 PA2 = ( 8 − PB )
2
12) CHANGE OF AXIS
COMMON POINTS: Original co-ordinates = ( x, y )
New co-ordinates = ( X ,Y )
12(A) If the Point is given then
Origin is shifted to the point  ( h, k )
BY the translation of axis, we have x = X + h, y =Y +k
B) (B) If the angle is given then
By the rotation of axes, we have

 X Y

cos − sin 
x
y sin  cos

x = X cos − Y sin  y = X sin  + Y cos

X = x cos + y sin  Y = − x sin  + y cos

13)STRAIGHT LINES
A) CONCURRENT QUESTION
If the lines a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0, a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0 , & a3 x + b3 y + c3 = 0 are
a1 b1 c1
Concurrent  a2 b2 c2 = 0
a3 b3 c3
13) B) ANGLE
 is angle between the lines a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 & a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0
a1a2 + b1b2
then cos =
(a1
2
+ b12 ) (a2
2
+ b2 2 )

m1 − m2 −a1 −a
(OR) tan  = m1 = & m2 = 2
1 + m1m2 b1 b2
13 C) TRANSFORM THE EQ INTO DIFFERENT FORMS
(I) Slope intercept form y = mx + c
x y
(II) Intercept form + =1
a b
(III) Normal form
x cos  + y sin  = P where P is always positive
13 D) Find the distance PQ
Let PQ = r
Q = ( x1 , y1 ) =given point
The required points are = ( x1 + r cos , y1 + r sin )
14) LIMITS AND CONTINUITY

(i) lim
x →a
f ( x)isexist  lim
x →a
f ( x ) = lim
−
x →a
f ( x) +

(ii) lim f ( x) = f (a) then f(x) is continuous at

x →a
x=a
(iii) lim f ( x) = f (0) then f(x) is continuous at x = 0
x →0

(iv) lim f ( x) = f (1) then f(x) is continuous at x = 1

x →1

(v) lim f ( x) = f (3) then f(x) is continuous at x = 3

x →3

(vi) lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f (a) then f(x) is continuous at x=a

x →a − x →a +

15) Differentiation
f ( x + h) − f ( x)
First principal formula f 1 ( x ) = lim
h→0
h
16) RATE MEASURE
A) Take S = f ( t )
ds
Velocity ( v ) =
dt
dv
Acceleration ( a ) =
dt
B) Cube Problem
Volume of the cube v = x3 ( x is side )
Surface area of the cube S = 6 x2
 C) Cone problem
1
Volume of the cone =  r 2h
3
(17) Tangent normal
A) Equation of tangent  y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
−1  dy 
Equation of normal  y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) where m =  
m  dx  p ( x1 , y1 )
y ( 1 + m2 )
B) (i)Length of tangent=
m

(ii)Length of sub tangent= y

m
(
(iii)Length of normal= y 1 + m2 )
(iv)Length of sub normal= ym
LAQ
18) STRAIGHT LINES
A) CIRCUM-CENTRE
A

B C
Let S = ( x, y) be the Circum-Centre
by the definition of Circum-Centre we get
SA=SB=SC
Case (1): Take SA=SB
S.O.B.S
 SA2 = SB 2
and simplify we get eq (1)
CASE (2): Take SB=SC
S.O.B.S
 SB2 = SC 2
and simplify we get eq (2)
 Case (3): solve (1) and (2) we get Circum-Centre.

18 (B) ORTHO CENTRE

A

E
O

B D C

Ortho centre: The point of intersection of altitudes is Ortho centre

Case (1): To find out equation of AD :

Since AD ⊥ BC
( slope of AD )  ( slope of BC ) = −1( m1m2 = −1)

 y2 − y1 
( m)    = −1
 x2 − x1 
and simplify we get m and take A = ( x1 , y1 )

 The eq of AD is y − y1 = m ( x − x1 ) .........(1)

Case (2): To find out equation of BE :

Since BE ⊥ AC
( slope of BE )  ( slope of AC ) = −1( m1m2 = −1)

 y2 − y1 
( m)    = −1
 2
x − x1 

and simplify we get m and take B = ( x1 , y1 )

 The eq of BE is y − y1 = m ( x − x1 ) .........(2)

Case (3): solve (1) and (2) we get Ortho-Centre

18(C) Foot of the perpendicular
P

ax+by+c=0

Case (1): Since Q lies on ax + by + c = 0

ah + bk + c = 0

Case (2): since PQ ⊥ ( ax + by + c = 0 )

( slopeof PQ )  ( slopeof ax + by + c = 0 ) = −1( m1m2 = −1)

h − x1 k − y1
 =
a b
Case3: by using ratio and propositional

h − x1 k − y1 a ( h − x1 ) + b ( k − y1 )
= =
a b a 2 + b2
18(D) Image

ax+by+c=0

since ‘m’ is midpoint of PQ

 h + x1 k + y1 
m= , 
 2 2 
 Case (1): Since m lies on ax + by + c = 0

 h + x1   k + y1 
a  + b +c = 0
 2   2 

Case (2): since PQ ⊥ ( ax + by + c = 0 )

( slopeof PQ )  ( slopeof ax + by + c = 0 ) = −1( m1m2 = −1)

h − x1 k − y1
 =
a b
Case(3): by using ratio and propositional

h − x1 k − y1 a ( h − x1 ) + b ( k − y1 )
= =
a b a 2 + b2
19) pair of straight lines
A)
n2 h2 − ab a+b a 2 + 2h + b 2
Area (  ) = , cos = &(d1d 2 ) =
am2 − 2hlm + bl 2 ( a − b)
2
+ 4h 2
(a − b)
2
+ 4h 2
HINT: The pair of straight line ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represents the lines are
l1 x + m1 y = 0.....(1) l2 x + m2 y = 0....( 2 )
combined the equation (1) and (2) is
ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = ( l1 x + m1 y )(l2 x + m2 y )
comparing same terms on both sides we get
l1l2 = a, l1m2 + l2 m1 = 2h, m1m2 = b
(
19) (B) To find out h x − y
2 2
) = ( a − b) xy
HINT: The pair of straight line ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 = 0 represents the lines
are y = m1x.....(1) , y = m2 x.....( 2)
Combined the equation of (1) and (2) is
ax2 + 2hxy + by 2 = ( y − m1x )( y − m2 x )
comparing same terms on both sides we get
−2h a
m1 + m2 = & m1m2 =
b b
19(C)To find out h2 = ab, af 2 = bg 2 and Distance b/w parallel lines is

g 2 − ac
2
a ( a + b)

HINT: The pair of straight line a x2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0

Represent the parallel lines are lx + my + n1 = 0.......(1)

lx + my + n2 = 0.......( 2)

Combined the equation of (1) and (2) is

a x 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = ( lx + my + n1 )(lx + my + n2 )
Comparing on both sides

l 2 = a , m2 = b , n1n2 = c ,2h = 2lm , l ( n1 + n2 ) = 2g , m ( n1 + n2 ) = 2 f

D) To find out  = abc + 2 fgh − af 2 − bg 2 − ch 2 = 0

HINT: The pair of straight line ax + 2hxy + by + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0

2 2

represent the lines are l1 x + m1 y + n1 = 0 → (1) l2 x + m2 y + n2 = 0 → ( 2 )

Combined the equation of (1) and (2) is

ax 2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = ( l1 x + m1 y + n1 )( l2 x + m2 y + n2 )

Comparing same terms on both sides

l1l2 = a, m1m2 = b, n1n2 = c, 2h = l1m2 + l2m1, l1n2 + l2n1 = 2g , m1n2 + m2n1 = 2 f
20) Homogenousing Problems
A) Step-1: write the given curve a x2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
Step-2: write the given line ax + by + c = 0 in “1” form

 ax + by 
  =1
 − c 
Step-3: Homogenousing the given curve
a x2 + 2hxy + by 2 + 2gx(1) + 2 fy(1) + c(1)2 = 0
 a+b
20 (B) ANGLE cos =
( a − b) + 4h2
2

20(C) coincide  h = ab
2

20 (D) Subtend a right angle at the origin  a + b = 0

21)DC’S & DR’S

A)
(i) If A = ( x1, y1, z1 ) , B = ( x2 , y2 , z2 ) then Dr’s of AB = ( x2 − x1, y2 − y1, z2 − z1 ) .
ii) Dc’s are denoted by ( l , m, n )
 a b c 
 2 2 2 , 
 a +b +c a 2 + b2 + c 2 a 2 + b2 + c 2 
iii) if  is the angle between direction co-sines ( l1 , m1 , n1 ) & ( l2 , m2 , n2 )
of two lines then cos = l1l2 + m1m2 + n1n2
4
B) cos2  + cos2  + cos2  + cos2  =
3
four Diagonals of a cube are
AE,BG,CD,OF
CASE1:
 −1 1 1 
D r 's AE = ( −a, a, a )  D c ' s AE =  , , 
 3 3 3
 1 −1 1 
D r 's BG = ( a, −a, a )  D c ' s BG =  , , 
 3 3 3
 1 1 −1 
Dr 's CD = ( a, a, −a )  D c ' s CD =  , , 
 3 3 3
 1 1 1 
Dr 's OF = ( a, a, a )  Dc ' s OF =  , , 
 3 3 3
CASE2:
−l + m + n l −m+n l +m−n l +m+n
cos = , cos  = ,cos  = , cos  =
3 3 3 3
Case3: Substitute this vale in the given
cos2  + cos2  + cos2  + cos2 
And simplify we get required answer
22) DIFFERENTATION PAGENO:
dy
A) if y = x tan x + sin xcos x then find
dx
let u = x tan x .....( B ) & v = sin x cos x .....( C )
Substitute (B)&(c) in the Given equation
y =u+v
Diff w. r. to x
d d d
 ( y ) = u + (v)
dx dx dx
dy du dv
 = + ............(1)
dx dx dx
B) 1 − x 2 + 1 − y 2 = a ( x − y ).........(1)
let x = sin  ......( 2) y = sin  .......(3)
 sin −1 x =  sin −1 y = 
substitute(2)and(3) in (1)
1 − sin 2  + 1 − sin 2  = a ( sin  − sin  )
 2 
C) y = tan −1  1 + x + 1 − x  .......(1)
2

 1 + x − 1 − x 
2 2

take x 2 = cos 2 .........(2)

1
 cos −1 x 2 = 2   = cos −1 x 2 ........(3)
2
 substitute (2) in (1)
 1 + cos 2 + 1 − cos 2 
y = tan −1  
 1 + cos 2 − 1 − cos 2 
(23) Tangent normal
A) Equation of tangent  y − y1 = m( x − x1 )
−1  dy 
Equation of normal  y − y1 = ( x − x1 ) where m =  
m  dx  p ( x1 , y1 )
y ( 1 + m2 )
B) (i)Length of tangent=
m

(ii)Length of sub tangent= y

m
 (
(iii)Length of normal= y 1 + m2 )
(iv)Length of sub normal= ym
m1 − m2
C) If  is the angle between the curves then tan  =
1 + m1m2
 dy   dy 
Where m1 =   &m 2 =  
 dx  P( x1, y1 )  dx  P( x1, y1 )
24)Maxima and Minima
For Maxima or Minima  f 1 ( x ) = 0
 f 11 ( x )  0  f ( x ) is Minimum at x
 f 11 ( x )  0  f ( x ) is Maximum at x
A) Cylinder h = 2. r
Curved surface area of the cylinder ( S ) = 2 Rh
B) A Rectangular Box
Volume of the rectangular box (V ) = lbh
C)Window problem
Parameter of the semi-circle =  r
 r2
Area of the Semi Circle
2
Area of the rectangle = lb
D) Wire problem
Parameter of the square=4a
Parameter of the circle= 2 r
Area of the square = a 2
Area of the circle =  r 2