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FA Basics Guide D en 20200518

The First Aid Basics Guide by the Canadian Red Cross provides essential information for responding to emergencies, emphasizing that it is not a substitute for formal training. It outlines key actions in the Chain of Survival, including recognizing emergencies, performing CPR, and addressing specific situations like heart attacks, strokes, choking, and anaphylaxis. The guide encourages obtaining official training and offers resources for further assistance.

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28 views16 pages

FA Basics Guide D en 20200518

The First Aid Basics Guide by the Canadian Red Cross provides essential information for responding to emergencies, emphasizing that it is not a substitute for formal training. It outlines key actions in the Chain of Survival, including recognizing emergencies, performing CPR, and addressing specific situations like heart attacks, strokes, choking, and anaphylaxis. The guide encourages obtaining official training and offers resources for further assistance.

Uploaded by

hasanshwamrah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FIRST

BASICS GUIDE
AID
This booklet is not intended to replace formal first aid or CPR training.
© 2019 The Canadian Red Cross Society
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means—electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior written
permission from the Canadian Red Cross Society.
The Canadian Red Cross Society has made reasonable efforts to ensure the
contents of this publication are accurate and reflect the latest in available scientific
research on the topic as of the date published. The information contained in this
publication may change as new scientific research becomes available. Certain
techniques described in this publication are designed for use in lifesaving
situations. However, the Canadian Red Cross Society cannot guarantee that the
use of such techniques will prevent personal injury or loss of life.
ISBN: 978-1-55104-887-1
19 20 21 22 23 / 5 4 3 2 1
FIRST AID BASICS GUIDE
Designed to fit in your pocket or be kept in
a safe place in your home or vehicle, this
guide will help you respond to a wide range of
emergency situations.

GET CERTIFIED
For official First Aid and CPR training
information, visit: redcross.ca/findacourse

DOWNLOAD OUR FIRST AID APP


redcross.ca/firstaidapp
Chain of Survival Behaviours
The Chain of Survival Behaviours is a series of actions that, if
integrated together, will help ensure a positive outcome for an
ill or injured person.

First Self-
Aid Recovery

Prevent Early
and Recognition
Prepare Access Early
Help Medical
Care
Recognize and Act

nt
ve
e
Pr

CHECK
nd
re a
a
Prep

Check the scene


Check the person
• Responsiveness
• ABCs

CARE CALL

Care for any illnesses Access help


or injuries, starting if necessary
with the most serious (e.g., shout for
• Recovery position bystanders, contact
• Continual care EMS/9-1-1)
Checking ABCs

CHECK THE CHECK CHECK


AIRWAY BREATHING CIRCULATION
If the person is Check for normal Look from head
unresponsive, tilt breathing. Someone to toe for signs of
the head back and who can speak or deadly bleeding or
lift the chin to open cry is breathing. shock. If the person
the airway. is unresponsive, is
breathing, and has no
obvious injuries, roll
the person onto their
side and wait for help.
CPR/AED
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 and get an AED if available.
2. Check breathing. Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing.
See Figure A.
3. Do compressions if the person is not breathing. Push deeply
and steadily at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute in the
centre of the chest. See Figure B.
4. Continue compressions until an AED arrives or more
advanced care takes over. See Figure B.
5. If an AED arrives, open and turn on the AED. Follow the AED’s
automated prompts. See Figure C.

Fig. A Fig. B Fig. C


Heart Attack
Symptoms of a heart attack include persistent squeezing chest pain,
or pain radiating from the chest to the arm(s), shoulder(s), back, jaw,
and/or neck.
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 and get an AED.
2. Have the person rest quietly. See Figure A.
3. Suggest the person chew either one regular-strength or two
low-dose ASA tablets (e.g., Aspirin) if not allergic. See Figure B.
4. Give them constant reassurance while waiting for EMS to arrive.

Fig. A Fig. B
Stroke
Signs of stroke: remember the acronym FAST

FACE ARM
Facial numbness or Arm numbness or
weakness, especially weakness, especially
on one side on one side

SPEECH TIME
Abnormal speech, difficulty Time is important; call
speaking or understanding EMS/9-1-1 immediately
others, or a loss of speech

1. Call EMS/9-1-1
2. Have the person rest quietly until EMS arrives.
Choking
A person who is choking cannot cough, speak, or breathe.
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 if a person is choking.
2. Alternate between any two of the following methods until the
object comes out: back blows, abdominal thrusts, and chest
thrusts. Try each technique up to five times before moving
on to the next.

Back Abdominal Chest


Blows Thrusts Thrusts
Life-threatening Bleeding
Life-threatening external bleeding is bleeding that is difficult
to control.
1. Call EMS/9-1-1
2. Apply firm, direct pressure to the wound. See Figure A.
3. While maintaining direct pressure, apply a dressing and bandage
it in place. See Figure B.
4. If blood soaks through the bandage, apply another bandage on
top. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.
5. I f direct pressure does not control the bleeding, consider applying
a tourniquet. Follow manufacturer’s instructions when applying a
tourniquet. See Figure C.
6. If amputation has occurred, find the amputated part, wrap it in
a clean cloth, place it in a plastic bag, and keep it cool without
putting it directly on ice.
Life-threatening Bleeding
Fig. A Fig. B Fig. C
Anaphylaxis
Signs and symptoms from two or more of these categories can
indicate anaphylaxis: skin (e.g., rash, swelling), breathing
(e.g., high-pitched noises), alertness (e.g., dizziness), stomach
(e.g., vomiting).
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 if the person is experiencing these symptoms.
2. Help the person use an EpiPen if they have one. See Figure A.
3. Have the person rest quietly until EMS arrives. See Figure B.

Fig. A Fig. B
Asthma
Signs and symptoms can include trouble breathing, inability to say
more than a few words without pausing to breathe, and tightness in
the chest.
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 if the person is struggling to breathe or does
not improve after taking their medication.
2. If you think something in the environment is triggering the attack,
move the person away from the trigger.
3. Help the person to take their quick-relief asthma medication.
See Figure A.
4. Have the person rest quietly until EMS arrives. See Figure B.

Fig. A Fig. B
Mental Health Crisis
Symptoms can include depression or sudden mood swings,
shortness of breath, racing heart, or an obvious lack of motivation.
1. Call EMS/9-1-1 if the person is experiencing these symptoms.
2. S
 how you are listening and calmly ask how you can help.
Provide reassurance, comfort, and support.
3. Offer self-help strategies such as breathing exercises.
CONTACT:
1-877-356-3226
[email protected]

FOR MORE INFO:


redcross.ca/firstaid

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