AK Physics Classes

XII - VOL 1 - REVISION TEST

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.

(3) All the sections are compulsory.

(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one
question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg

iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C

iv. μ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏

v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js

vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐

vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
1. A conducting sphere of radius R = 20 cm is given a charge Q = 16 μ C. What is E at its centre? [1]

a) zero b) 3.6 × 106 N/C

c) 1.8 × 106 N/C d) 0.9 × 106 N/C

2. When 1019 electrons are removed from a neutral metal plate, the electric charge on it is [1]

a) -1.6 C b) 10+19 C

c) +1.6 C d) 10-19 C

3. A capacitor is charged by a battery. The battery is removed and another identical uncharged capacitor is [1]
connected in parallel. The total electrostatic energy of resulting system:

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 a) decreases by a factor of 2 b) increases by a factor of 4

c) increases by a factor of 2 d) remains the same

4. In bringing an electron towards another electron, the electrostatic potential energy of the system [1]

a) decreases b) become zero

c) remains same d) increases

5. Kirchhoff's first law, i.e., Σ I = 0 at a junction, deals with the conservation of [1]

a) Energy b) Momentum

c) Angular momentum d) Charge

6. The electrical resistance of a conductor [1]

a) decreases with increase in its temperature b) decreases with increase in its conductivity

c) is independent of its shape but depends only d) varies directly proportional to its area of
on its volume cross-section
7. A proton (charge +e) enters a magnetic field of strength B (Tesla) with speed v, parallel to the direction of [1]
magnetic lines of force. The force on the proton is

a) evB/2 b) 2evB

c) zero d) evB
8. The electric current in a circular coil of two turns produces a magnetic induction of 0.2 T at its centre. The coil is [1]
unwound and is rewound into a circular coil of four turns. The magnetic induction at the centre of the coil now
is, in tesla

a) 0.8 b) 0.4

c) 0.6 d) 0.2
9. A magnet of magnetic moment M is suspended in a uniform magnetic field B. The maximum value of torque [1]
acting on the magnet is

a) zero b) MB

c) 2MB d)
1
MB
2

10. The arrangement fo two magnetic poles of equal and opposite strengths separated by a finite distance is called: [1]

a) Magnetic dipole b) None of these

c) Magnetic field d) Magnetic pole

11. In a coil of self-induction 5 H, the rate of change of current is 2 A s-1. Then, e.m.f. induced in the coil is [1]

a) 10 V b) -10 V

c) -5 V d) 5 V
12. A series LCR circuit with R = 20 Ω , L = 1.5 H and C = 35 μF is connected to a variable-frequency 200 V ac [1]
supply. When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit, average power transferred
to the circuit in one complete cycle is

a) 2800 W b) 2000 W

c) 1000 W d) 1800 W

2/7
13. Assertion (A): No two electric lines of force can intersect each other. [1]
Reason (R): Tangent at any point of the electric line of force gives the direction of an electric field.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Circuits containing high capacity capacitors, charged to high voltage should be handled with [1]
caution, even when the current in the circuit is switched off.
Reason (R): When an isolated capacitor is touched by hand or any other part of the human body, there is an easy
path to the ground available for the discharge of the capacitor.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion: The average thermal velocity of the electrons in a conductor is zero. [1]
Reason: Direction of motion of electrons are randomly oriented.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
16. Assertion: Out of galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter, resistance of ammeter is the lowest and resistance of [1]
voltmeter is highest.
Reason: An ammeter is connected in series and a voltmeter is connected in parallel, in a circuit.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
Section B

17. A proton falls down through a distance of 2 cm in a uniform electric field of magnitude 3.34 × 103 NC-1. [2]
Determine
i. the acceleration of the electron
ii. the time taken by the proton to fall through the distance of 2 cm, and
iii. the direction of the electric field.

Take mass of a proton = 1.67 × 10-27kg.

18. In the circuit shown in the figure, find the currents I, I1, I2 and I3. Given that emf of the battery = 2 V , internal [2]
resistance of the battery = 2 Ω and resistance of the galvanometer = 4 Ω .

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 3

19. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is 2.6 × 10-5. Identify the type of magnetic material and state its two [2]
properties.
20. If the current in the primary circuit of a pair of coils changes from 5 A to 1 A in 0.02 s, calculate (i) induced emf [2]
in the secondary coil if the mutual inductance between the two coils is 0.5 H and (ii) the change of flux per turn
in the secondary, if it has 200 turns.
21. An alternating voltage of frequency f is applied across a series LCR circuit. Let fr be the resonance frequency for [2]
the circuit. Will the current in the circuit lag, lead or remain in phase with the applied voltage when (i) f > fr, (ii)
f < fr? Explain your answer in each case.
OR
A capacitor of unknown capacitance, a resistor of 100 Ω and an inductor of self-inductance L = ( 4

π
2
) henry are
connected in series to an ac source of 200 V and 50 Hz. Calculate the value of the capacitance and impedance of the
circuit when the current is in phase with the voltage. Calculate the power dissipated in the circuit.
Section C
22. In Fig., the electric field is directed along positive X- direction and given by [3]
Ex = 5 A x + 2 B,

where E is in NC-1 and x is in metre. A and B are constants with dimensions.

Taking A = 10 NC-1m-1 and B = 5 NC-1m-1, calculate

i. the electric flux through the cube.
ii. net charge enclosed within the cube
23. If a piece of metal has a charge +0.1μC and is placed inside a hollow metal sphere of radius 20 cm (without [3]
touching it), what is the potential of the sphere? What will the potential of the sphere become, if
a. the sphere is temporarily earthed and then left insulated,
b. the metal subsequently touched the inside of the sphere?
OR
i. A 900 pF capacitor is charged by a 100 V battery. How much electrostatic energy is stored by the capacitor?
ii. The capacitor is disconnected from the battery and connected to another 900 pF capacitor. What is the
electrostatic energy stored by the system?
iii. Where has the remainder of the energy gone?
24. 4 cells of identical emf ε internal resistance r, are connected in series to a variable resistor. The following graph [3]

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 shows the variation of terminal voltage of the combination with the current output.
i. What is the emf of each cell used?
ii. For what current from the cells, does maximum power dissipation occur in the circuit?
iii. Calculate the internal resistance of each cell.

25. In the circuit shown in Fig. a voltmeter reads 30 V, when it is connected across 400Ω resistance. Calculate what [3]
the same voltmeter will read, when connected across the 300Ω resistance.

26. Classify materials on the basis of their behaviour in a magnetic field. Under which category does iron come? [3]
How does the magnetic property of iron change with the increase of temperature?
27. A small flat search coil of area 5 cm2 with 140 closely wound turns is placed between the poles of a powerful [3]
magnet producing magnetic field 0·09 T and then quickly removed out of the field region. Calculate:
i. change of magnetic flux through the coil, and
ii. emf induced in the coil. (Take t = 1 s)
28. Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy stored in an ideal inductor of self-inductance L when a current I [3]
passes through it. Hence obtain the expression for the energy density of magnetic field B produced in the
inductor.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer ANY FOUR the questions: [4]
If two or more capacitors are connected in series, the overall effect is that of a single (equivalent) capacitor
having the sum total of the plate spacing of the individual capacitors. If two or more capacitors are connected in
parallel, the overall effect is that of a single equivalent capacitor having the sum total of the plate areas of the
individual capacitors. (figure (a) shows parallel combination and (b) shows series combination)

(i) Which quantities in capacitors will remain the same if capacitors are connected in the series?
(ii) How capacitors should be joined in order to increase the capacity?
(iii) Three capacitors having a capacitance equal to 2F, 4F and 6F are connected in series. Calculate the

5/7
 effective capacitance of the combination.:
(iv) The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 10 cm apart and have an area equal to 2m2. If the charge on
each plate is 8.85 × 10-10 C, what will be the electric field at a point inside the plates of capacitor?

(v) Four 10 F capacitors are connected in parallel, calculate the equivalent capacitance of the combination.

30. Read the text carefully and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
The emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to its motion in a magnetic field is called motional emf. It is
produced due to the magnetic Lorentz force acting on the free electrons of the conductor. For a circuit shown in
figure, if a conductor of length l moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B perpendicular to both its length and
the direction of the magnetic field, then all the induced parametres are possible in the circuit.

(i) The direction of current induced in a wire moving in a magnetic field is found using which rule?
(ii) A 0.1 m long conductor carrying a current of 50 A is held perpendicular to a magnetic field of 1.25 mT.
What will be the mechanical power required to move the conductor with a speed of 1 ms-1?
(iii) A bicycle generator creates 1.5 V at 15 km/hr. What will be the EMF generated at 10 km/hr?
(iv) What is the dimensional formula for emf ε in MKS system?
Section E
31. i. Obtain the expression for the torque τ ⃗ experienced by an electric dipole of dipole moment p ⃗ in a uniform [5]
electric field, E⃗ .
ii. What will happen if the field were not uniform?
OR
i. Derive the expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial line of an electric dipole,
ii. Depict the orientation of the dipole in
a. stable,
b. unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric field.

32. i. Derive an expression for drift velocity of free electrons. [5]

ii. How does drift velocity of electrons in a metallic conductor vary with increase in temperature? Explain.
OR
Two cells of voltage 10V and 2V and internal resistances 10Ω and 5Ω respectively, are connected in parallel with the
positive end of 10V battery connected to negative pole of 2V battery (Fig). Find the effective voltage and effective

6/7
 resistance of the combination.

33. ODBAC is a fixed rectangular conductor of negligible resistance (CO is not connected) and OP is a conductor [5]
which rotates clockwise with an angular velocity ω (Fig). The entire system is in a uniform magnetic field B
whose direction is along the normal to the surface of the rectangular conductor ABDC. The conductor OP is in
electric contact with ABDC. The rotating conductor has a resistance of λ per unit length. Find the current in the
rotating conductor, as it rotates by 180°.

OR
i. With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the working of a step-up transformer. Give reasons to explain the
following :
a. The core of the transformer is laminated.
b. Thick copper wire is used in windings.
ii. A conducting rod PQ of length 20 cm and resistance 0.1Ω rests on two smooth parallel rails of negligible
resistance AA' and CC'. It can slide on the rails and the arrangement is positioned between the poles of a
permanent magnet producing uniform magnetic field B = 0.4 T. The rails, the rod and the magnetic field are in
three mutually perpendicular directions as shown in the figure. If the ends A and C of the rails are short-circuited,
find the
a. external force required to move the rod with uniform velocity v = 10 cm/s, and
b. power required to do so.

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 Solution

XII - VOL 1 - REVISION TEST

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) zero
Explanation: The electric field at any point inside the conducting sphere is zero.
2.
(c) +1.6 C
Explanation: q = ne = 1019 × 1.6 × 10-19 C = +1.6 C
3. (a) decreases by a factor of 2
Explanation:

Initial energy, U i
=
1

2
CV
2

After connection,
q +q q+0 q
1 2 V
VC = = = =
C1 + C2 C+C 2C 2

Final energy,
2 2
1 V 1 V 1 2
Uf = C( ) + C( ) = CV
2 2 2 2 4

Loss of energy = U i − Uf =
1

4
CV
2

4.
(d) increases
Explanation: P.E of a system is defined as work done in bringing a system of charges from infinity to a particular point.
q1 q2
U =
4π ∈0 r

So, as the separation among charges decreases, the potential energy of the system will increase.
5.
(d) Charge
Explanation: Charge
6.
(b) decreases with increase in its conductivity
Explanation: Resistance is defined as the property of a conductor to resist the flow of charges through it. The resistance of the
conductor is numerically given as the ratio of potential difference across its length to the current flowing through it. It is
denoted by "R" and its SI unit is ohm (Ω)
7.
(c) zero
Explanation: Lorentz force is given by F = Bqv sin θ
When the proton enters the magnetic field parallel to the direction of the lines of force, θ = 0 .
Therefore, F = 0
8. (a) 0.8
μ0 N I
Explanation: We know that, B = 2r

If the number of turns is doubled the radius is halved. Therefore,

μ0 (2N )I
′
B = = 4B = 4 × 0.2 = 0.8T
2(r/2)

1 / 10
 9.
(b) MB
Explanation: τ = M Bsinθ

o
τmax = M Bsin90 = MB

10. (a) Magnetic dipole

Explanation: Magnetic dipole
11.
(b) -10 V
Explanation: The induced e.m.f.
dl
= −L( ) = −5 × 2 = -10V
dt

12.
(b) 2000 W
Explanation: When the frequency of the supply equals the natural frequency of the circuit,
XL = XC
In this case, impedance Z = R
Average power,
Vrms R
Pav = Vrms × irms × cos ϕ = Vrms × ×
Z Z

As, Z = R
2
( Vrms ) 200×200
Pav = = = 2000W
R 20

13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: If the two electric lines of force can intersect each other then at the point of intersection, we can draw two
tangents to the two lines of force. This would mean two directions of electric field intensity at the point of intersection, which is
not possible.
14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
15. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: In a voltmeter, a high resistance is connected in series with a galvanometer. That is why resistance of voltmeter
is the highest. In an ammeter, a low resistance is connected in parallel with a galvanometer. That is why resistance of ammeter
is the lowest.
Section B
−19 3
eE 1.6× 10 ×3.34× 10
17. i. a = F

m
=
m
=
−27
1.67×10

= 3.2 × 1011 ms-2

ii. s = 0 + 1

2
at2
−− −−−−−−
= 3.54 × 10-7 s
2×0.02
∴ t=√ 2s

a
= √
11
3.2×10

iii. The field must act vertically downwards so that the positively charged proton falls downward.
18. Applying Kirchhoff's first law at the junction A,
I = I1 + I2 ...(i)
Applying Kirchhoff's second law to the loop ABDA, we get
2I1 + 4I3 - I2 = 0 ...(ii)
From the loop BCDB, we get
3(I1 - I3) - 2 (I2 + I3) - 4I3 = 0
or 3I1 - 2I2 - 9I3 = 0 ...(iii)
From the loop ABCEA, we get
2I1 + 3(I1 - I3) + 2(I1 + I2) = 2
or 7I1 + 2I2 - 3I3 = 2 ...(iv)

2 / 10
 On solving equations (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
I1 = 17
A, I =
91
A and I3 = −
2
30

91
A
1

91

19. As χ is small and positive, the material is paramagnetic.

m

Properties of paramagnetic materials:

i. They are feebly attracted by magnets.
ii. χ is positive and small.
(1−5)
20. i. ε = −M dI

dt
= −0.5 ×
0.02
=
2

0.02

= 100 V
dϕ
ii. ε = −N 0.02

∴ Change in flux per turn,

100×0.02
dϕ = −
200
= -0.01 Wb
The negative sign shows a decrease in magnetic flux.
21. X L = 2πf L and X C =
1

2πf C

i. When f > fr, XL is large and XC is small. The circuit is inductive. So current lags behind the applied voltage.
ii. When f < fr, XL , is small and XC is large. The circuit is capacitive. So, the current leads the voltage in phase.
OR
Current in phase with voltage means the angle between emf and current is 0. Thus at resonance condition , inductive reactance =
capacitive reactance.
⇒ X(L) = X(C)
ω L= (here ω is omega)
ωc
1

1
So, C = 2
ω L

Sustitute value of L (given) and ω = 2π f = 2π × 50

You get C = 4 farad 1

0000

Impedance of reasonating circuit = resistance = 100 ohm

2 2
V 200
Power = Vl = R
= 100
= 400 watt
Section C
22. i. Since the electric field has X-component only, the angle θ between the direction of electric field and the area vectors
representing the four faces of the cube (except the faces M and N shown shaded) is π /2 in each case.

Therefore, electric flux through each of these four faces,

ϕ = ExS cos θ = ExS cos π /2 = 0

The electric field varies along X-axis as given by

Ex = 5 A x + 2 B
Therefore, magnitude of electric field at face M (x = 0),
EM = 5 A x + 2 B = 5 × 10 × 0 + 2 × 5 = 10 NC-1
and magnitude of electric field at face N (x = 0.1 m),
EN = 5 A x + 2B = 5 × 10 × 0⋅ 1 + 2 × 5 = 15 NC-1
The electric flux through the face M,
ϕM = EM S cos θ = 10 × (0⋅ 1 × 0⋅ 1) cos 0° = 0⋅ 10 NmC-1 (inwards)
The electric flux through the face N,
ϕN = EN S cos θ = 15 × (0⋅ 1 × 0⋅ 1) cos 0° = 0⋅ 15 NmC-1 (outwards)
Therefore, net electric flux through the cube,
ϕ = ϕN - ϕM = 0⋅ 15 - 0⋅ 10 = 0⋅ 05 NmC-1

3 / 10
 ii. Now, from Gauss' theorem, we have
q = ε0 ϕ

= 8⋅ 854 × 10-12× 0⋅ 05 = 4⋅ 43 × 10-13 C

23. On the inner and outer sphere's surface charges of −0.1μC and +0.1μC are induced respectively. The potential of the sphere
relative to earth is determined solely by the outer surface charge q.
1 q
∴ V =
4πε0 r

where r is the radius of the sphere

−6

Now, V = 9 × 10
9
×
0.1×10

0.2
= 4500 V
a. The potential of the sphere is momentarily reduced to zero when it is earthed. The positive charge on the outer surface
disappears but the induced negative charge inside remains. Therefore, the potential of the sphere is zero.

b. The induced negative charge is neutralized when the metal touches the sphere and no charge remains on the metal or sphere.
Both are at the same potential i.e. zero potential.
OR
i. The charge on the capacitor is q = C V = 900 × 10-12 F × 100 V = 9 × 108 C
The energy stored by the capacitor is
1 2 1 1 −8
U = CV = qV = × 9 × 10 C × 100 V
2 2 2

= 4.5 × 10-6 J.

ii. In the steady situation, the two capacitors have their positive plates at the same potential and their negative plates at the same
potential. Let the common potential difference be V'. The charge on each capacitor is then q = CV'. By charge conservation,
q
q' = C

∴ Total energy of the system

′
1 q
′ ′ ′ ′ ′
= 2 × q V = q V = q ⋅
2 C
2
1 q 1 1 1 q q
′
= , = ⋅ qV = × qV [∵ q = and = V]
4 C 4 2 2 2 C

= 1

2
× 4.5 × 10-6 J = 2.25 × 10-6 J
iii. There is a transient period before the system settles to the situation (ii). During this period, a transient current flows from the
first capacitor to the second. Energy is lost during this time in the form of heat and electromagnetic radiation.
24. When I = 0,
total emf = terminal voltage
∴ 4 ε = 5.6 V

or ε = 1.4 V
When I = 1.0 A, V = = 0.7 V 2.8

Internal resistance
ε − V 1.4 − 0.7
r= I
=
1.0
= 0.7Ω

The output power is maximum when external resistance = internal resistance = 4 r

4 / 10
 Imax = Total emf

Total resistance
=
4ε

4r + 4r

= ε

2r
=
1.4

2 × 0.7
= 1A
25. Let RV be the resistance of the voltmeter.
Then the resistance R of the parallel combination of RV and R1 will be
RV × R1 RV ×400 400RV
R= = =
RV + R1 RV +400 RV +400

∴ Current in the circuit,

ε 60
I = =
R2 +R 400R
V
300+
RV +400

60( RV +400)
=
700RV +120000

As the potential difference across R is measured to be 30 V, so

IR = 30
60( RV +400) 400R
or 700RV +120000
×
RV +100
V
= 30

On solving,R = 1200Ω V

When this voltmeter is connected across R2, the combined resistance will be
RV × R2 1200×300
′
R = = = 240Ω
R + R2 1200+300
V

Current in the circuit,

′ ε 60 3
I = = = A
′ 240+400 32
R + R2

Reading of the voltmeter = P.D. across R' = I' R'

3
= × 240 = 22.5 V
32

26. Classification of magnetic materials: On the basis of their behaviour in external magnetic fields, Faraday classified the various
substances into three categories:
i. Diamagnetic substances: Diamagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetisation in the opposite direction of
the magnetising field. Such substances are feebly repelled by magnets and tend to move from stronger to weaker parts of a
magnetic field. Examples. Bismuth, copper, lead, zinc, tin, gold, silicon, nitrogen (at STP), water, sodium chloride, etc.
ii. Paramagnetic substances: Paramagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetisation in the direction of the
magnetising field. Such substances are feebly attracted by magnets and tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of a
magnetic field. Examples. Manganese, aluminium, chromium, platinum, sodium, copper chloride, oxygen (it STP), etc.
iii. Ferromagnetic substances: Ferromagnetic substances are those which develop strong magnetisation in the direction of the
magnetising field. They are strongly attracted by magnets and tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of a magnetic field.
Examples. Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium and alloys like alnico.
Iron is a ferromagnetic substance. As temperature increases, its magnetisation decreases due to the randomisation of its domains.
27. i. Flux, ϕ = NBA cos θ
θ = 0o,
Thus ϕ = NBA = 140 × 0.09 × 5 × 10-4 = 6.3 × 10-3 Wb
1

When coil is quickly removed, flux becomes zero i.e. ϕ = 0 2

Thus,
= ϕ - ϕ = 0 - 6.3 × 10-3 = - 6.3 × 10-3 Wb
Δϕ 2 1

ii. Let in time dt = 1s, the coil is quickly removed. So, induced emf,
−3

= 6.3 × 10-3 V
−dϕ (−6.3× 10 )
e= dt
=− 1

28. Work done against the induced emf in building up the current O to I in
dl
W = ∫ dw = ∫ Eldt = ∫ L . ldt
dt
I 1 2
⇒ ∫ LI dI = LI
0 2

This is magnetic energy stored in the solenoid.

UB = W =
1

2
LI
2
=
1

2
L(
μ0 n
B
) [∴ B = μ nI]
0

2
1 2 B 2
UB = μ0 n Al( ) [∵ L = μ0 n Al]
2 μ n
0

UB 2

So, magnetic energy density U B = ⇒ UB ⇒

B

2μ
Al 0

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer ANY FOUR the questions:

5 / 10
 If two or more capacitors are connected in series, the overall effect is that of a single (equivalent) capacitor having the sum total of
the plate spacing of the individual capacitors. If two or more capacitors are connected in parallel, the overall effect is that of a
single equivalent capacitor having the sum total of the plate areas of the individual capacitors. (figure (a) shows parallel
combination and (b) shows series combination)

(i) When capacitors are connected in series, the Charge on the plates of all capacitors will remain constant.
(ii) In order to increase the capacity, the capacitors should be connected in parallel.As total capacity in parallel combination
is given as
Cp = C1 + C2 + C3
(iii)The expression for total capacitance in parallel combination is given as
C
1
= +
C1
1
+
1

C2
CP =C1+C2+C3 = 2 +4 +6 =12 F
1

C3

1 1 1 1 6+3+2 11
= + + = =
C 2 4 6 12 12

12
C = F
11

(iv)Electric field between the plates of capacitor is given as

σ
E =
ε0

q −10
8.85×10 −10 2
σ = = = 4.425 × 10 C /m
A 2

−10
σ 4.425×10
E = = = 50 N /C
ε0 −12
8.85×10

(v) Total Capacitance in parallel combination is given as

​
C = C1 + C2 + C + C4 = 10 + 10 + 10 + 10 = 40 F
​
30. Read the text carefully and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions:
The emf induced across the ends of a conductor due to its motion in a magnetic field is called motional emf. It is produced due to
the magnetic Lorentz force acting on the free electrons of the conductor. For a circuit shown in figure, if a conductor of length l
moves with velocity v in a magnetic field B perpendicular to both its length and the direction of the magnetic field, then all the
induced parametres are possible in the circuit.

(i) The direction of current induced in a wire moving in a magnetic field is found using Fleming's right-hand rule.
(ii) Here, l = 0.1m, v = 1 ms-1

I = 50 A, B = 1.25 mT = 1.25 × 10-3 T

The induced emf is ε = Blv
The mechanical power is P = εI = Blv I = 1.25 × 10-3 × 0.1 × 1 × 50
= 6.25 × 10-3 W = 6.25 mW
(iii)Emf induced, ε = Blv
Here, B⃗ , l ⃗ and v ⃗ are mutually perpendicular
For given B and l, ε ∝ v
ε1 v1
∴ =
ε2 v2

Here, ε = 1.5 V, v1 = 15 km/hr = 15 ×

1
5

18
ms-1

v2 = 10 km/hr = 10 × 5

18
ms-1, ε = ?
1

5
15×

So, 1.5

ε2
=
18

5
=
3

2
;ε =1V
2
10×
18

6 / 10
 (iv)ε = [W ]
=
ML
2
T
−2

= [ML2 T-3 A-1]

[q] AT

Section E
31. i. Let us consider two charges +q and -q separated by a distance 2a.Obtaining expression for torque τ ⃗ experienced by electric
dipole in uniform electric field
Effect of non-uniform electric field
a. Force on + q, F ⃗ = q E⃗
Force on -q, F = -q E⃗
Magnitude of torque τ ⃗ = qE × 2asin θ
= 2qaEsin θ
τ⃗ = p⃗ × E
⃗

here p is the dipole moment.

ii. If the electric field is non-uniform, the dipole experiences a translatory force as well as a torque.

Consider electric dipole kept in a uniform electric field. Consider electric dipole kept in a uniform electric field at an angle θ
where a dipole experience a torque, so, the torque generated by parallel forces qE will act as a couple as
|τ |⃗ = qE2l sin θ

= pE sin θ [as p = 2ql]

⃗
|τ |⃗ = |p ⃗ × E |

When the field is non-uniform, the force acting on both ends will not be equal, hence they result in a mixture of couple and net
force. With this, dipole experiences rotational as well as linear force.
OR
i. The derivation of expression of the electric field on the equatorial line of the electric dipole can be explained as follows:

Let the point 'P' be at a distance V from the midpoint of the dipole.
q
|E+q | =
2 2
4π ε0 (r + a )

q
|E−q | =
2 2
4π ε0 (r + a )

Both are equal and their directions are as shown in the figure, hence the net electric field
⃗
^
E = [− (E+q + E−q ) cos θ] p
2qa
= −
2 2 3/2
4πε0 (r + a )

The electric field =p/4π ∈ 0(r 2 2 (

+ a ) 3/2)

If the dipole is short then 2a<<<<r

7 / 10
 Hence electric field= p/4π ∈ 0(r 3
)

where p is the dipole moment.

ii.
a. Stable equilibrium θ = 0

b.

32. i. When a conductor is subjected to an electric field E, each electron experiences a force:
F = - eE, and free electron acquires an
acceleration, a = F/m = -eE/m ... (i)
where, m = mass of electron, e = electronic charge and E = electric field.
Free electron starts accelerating and gains velocity and collide with atoms and molecules of the conductor. The average time
difference between two consecutive collisions is known as relaxation time of electron and can be calculated as -
τ1 + τ2 +…+ τn
¯
¯¯
τ =
n
...(ii)
where, τ , τ . . . . τ are the average time difference(relaxation time) between 1st, 2nd, ...nth collisions.
1 2 n

∴ v1, v2, ... vn, are velocities gained by electron in 1st, 2nd, ..., nth collisions with initial thermal velocities u1, u2, ..., un,

respectively.
∴ v1 = u1 + aτ1

Similarly,
v2 = u2 + aτ2

⋮ ⋮ ⋮

vn = un + aτ2

The drift speed vd may be defined as

v1 + v2 +…+ vn
vd =
n

( u1 + u2 +…+ un )+a( τ1 + τ2 +…+ τn )

vd =
n
( u1 + u2 +…+ un ) a( τ1 + τ2 +…+ τn )
vd = +
n n

vd = 0 + aτ [∵ Average thermal velocity in n collisions = 0]

v = −(eE/m)τ [from Eq. (i)]
d

This is the required expression of drift speed of free electrons which shows it is directly proportional to relaxation time.
ii. As the temperature of a conductor is increased, the thermal agitation increases and the collisions become more frequent. The
average time τ between the successive collisions decreases and hence the drift speed decreases. Thus, the conductivity
decreases and the resistivity of the conductor increases.
OR
as we know,

8 / 10
 I1 = I + I2 ........(1)
Apply Kirchhoff’s loop rule on loop ABDEA and loop FBACF
10 = I R + 10 I1 ..........(2)
2 = 5 I2 - IR ..........(3)
⇒ 2 = 5(I1 - I) -I R [using 1)] ..........(4)
multiply (4) by 2, we get
4 = 10 I1 - 10 I - 2 IR ...........(5)
Subtract (5) from (2), we get
⇒ 6=3 IR + 10 I
3 IR + 10 I = 6
I(3 R + 10) = 2 × 3
I(3R+10)
= 2
3

10
2 = I (R +
3
) ............(6)
Let the effective potential difference due to both batteries is Veq. It will be be across
resistance R. So
Veq = I(R + Req) ........ (7)
Where Req is the resistance of circuit except R
Comparing (6) and (7)
10
Veq = 2 Volts and Req = 3
Ω = 3.333 ohm
the equivalent circuit for the figure is shown below:-

33. i. Let us first assume the position of rotating conductor at a time interval
t = 0 to t = (or T/8) in this question, ODBAC is a fixed rectangular conductor of negligible resistance (CO is not
π

4ω

connected) and OP is a conductor which rotates clockwise with an angular velocity

The rod OP will make contact with the side BD. Let the length OQ of the contact after some time interval 't' such that
0 < t < or 0 < t <
π

4ω
be x. The flux through the area ODQ is
T

8
1 1
ϕm = BA = B ( × QD × OD) = B ( × l tan θ × l)
2 2

⇒ ϕm =
1

2
Bl
2
tan θ , where θ = ωt
By applying Faraday's law of EMI,
dϕ 1
Thus, the magnitude of the emf induced is |ε| = ∣∣ dt
∣
∣
=
2
2
Bl ω sec
2
ωt

ε
The current induced in the circuit will be I = R
where, R is the resistance of the rod in contact.
where, R ∝ λ
λl
R = λx =
cos ωt
2
1 Bl ω 2 Blω
∴ I = sec ωt =
2 λl 2λ cos ωt

ii. Now let the rod OP will make contact with the side AB. And the length of OQ of the contact after some time interval t such
that π
< t <
4ω
or < t < 3π

4ω
be x. The flux through the area OQBD is
T

8
3T

9 / 10
 2
2 1 l
ϕm = (l + )B
2 tan θ

where, θ = ωt
Thus, the magnitude of emf induced in the loop is
dϕ 2 2
∣ ∣ Bl ω sec ωt
|ε| = =
∣ dt ∣ 2 tan
2
ωt

The current induced in the circuits is I = ε

R
=
ε

λx
=
ε sin ωt

λl
=
1

2
Blω

λ sin ωt
3π π 3T T
iii. Similarly, for time interval 4ω
< t <
ω
or
8
< t <
2
, the rod will be in touch with AC.

The flux through OQABD is given by

2
2 l
ϕm = (2l − )B
2 tan ωt

And the magnitude of emf generated in the loop is given by

dϕ 2 2
Bωl sec ωt
ε= =
dt 2 tan2 ωt
ε ε 1 Blω
I = = =
R λx 2 λ sin ωt

These are the required expressions.

OR
i. A transformer that increases the voltage from primary to secondary (more secondary winding turns than primary winding
turns) is called a step-up transformer.
Working of transformer: As the alternating current flows through the primary, it generates an alternating magnetic flux in
the core which also passes through the secondary. This changing flux sets up an induced emf in the secondary, also a self-
induced emf in the primary. If there is no leakage of magnetic flux, then flux linked with each turn of the primary will be equal
to that linked with each turn of the secondary.

a. The core is laminated to block or minimize the paths of an eddy current to minimise heat loss against the resistance of the
core.
b. Thick copper wire is used in order to reduce the resistance of the transformer coil to minimize heat loss.
ii. a. Force = I lB
2 2

F=( Blv

R
) lB =
B l v

2 2
−2 −2
(0.4) × (20× 10 ) ×(10× 10 )

= 0.1

F = 6.4 × 10-3 N
b. Power P = Fv
= 6.4 × 10 × 10 × 10 −3 −2

= 6.4 × 10 Watt −4

10 / 10
 AK Physics Classes

XII - CBSE REVISION TEST - VOL 2

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one

question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

6. Use of calculators is not allowed.

7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, ii. me = 9.1 x10^-31 kg, iii. e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C, iv. μ0 = 4π x 10^-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏, v. h = 6.63 x10^-34

Js, vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10^-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐, vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎^𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
1. In a compound microscope, the intermediate image is: [1]

a) Virtual, inverted and magnified b) Real, erect and magnified

c) Virtual, erect and magnified d) Real, inverted and magnified

2. Which of the following is used in optical fibers? [1]

a) Scattering b) Refraction

c) Diffraction d) Total internal reflection

3. If two sources have a randomly varying phase different ϕ (t), the resultant intensity will be given by [1]
I0
a) 2 I0 b)
√2

I0
c) 3

2
I0 d) 2

4. Ratio of intensities of two waves are given by 4 : 1. The ratio of the amplitude of the two waves is [1]

a) 1 : 4 b) 4 : 1

c) 1 : 2 d) 2 : 1
5. If the kinetic energy of a free electron doubles, its de-Broglie wavelength changes by the factor: [1]

1/6
 –
a) √2 b) 1

√2

c) d) 2
1

6. The dimensional formula of Planck's constant is [1]

a) [ML0T2] b) [ML2T-2]

c) [MLT2] d) [ML2T-1]

7. In Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, the total energy of the electron in nth discrete orbit is proportional to [1]

a) n2 b)
1

c) d) n
1

2
n

8. In Rutherford’s model, the size of the nucleus of the atom is [1]

a) 10-16 to 10-17 m b) 10-5 to 10-6 m

c) 10-10 to 10-12 m d) 10-15 to 10-14 m

9. In nuclear reaction which of the following is conserved? [1]

a) Charge b) sum of mass & energy

c) Momentum d) All of these

10. The radius of nucleus is: [1]

a) not related to its mass number b) inversely proportional to its mass number

c) proportional to its mass number d) proportional to the cube root of its mass
number
11. To produce n-type crystal, Ge or Si may be doped with a substance that is [1]

a) tetravalent b) divalent

c) pentavalent d) trivalent
12. A semiconductor is damaged by a strong current, because of [1]

a) excess of electrons b) lack of free electrons

c) none of these d) decrease in electrons

13. Assertion (A): The focal length of an equiconvex lens placed in air is equal to radius of curvature of either face. [1]
Reason (R): For an equiconvex lens radius of curvature of both the faces is same.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): When Young's double-slit experiment is performed with a source of white light, only black and [1]
white fringes are observed.
Reason (R): White light does not disperse in different colours in case of interference.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
explanation of A correct explanation of A

c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false

2/6
15. Assertion (A): Forces acting between proton-proton (fpp) proton-neutron (fpn) and neutron-neutron (fnn) are [1]
such that fpp < fpn = fnm.
Reason (R): Electrostatic force of repulsion between two protons reduces net nuclear forces between them.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Silicon is preferred over germanium for making semiconductor devices. [1]
Reason (R): The energy gap in germanium is more than the energy gap in silicon.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm and a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm, are placed co-axially 50 cm [2]
apart from each other. An incident beam parallel to its principal axis, is incident on the convex lens. Locate the
position of the final image formed due to this combination.
18. One of the two slits in Young' s double-slit experiment is so painted that it transmits half the intensity of the [2]
other. What is the effect on interference fringes?
OR
Explain, how a depletion region is formed in a junction diode?
19. i. Define the term intensity of radiation in the photon picture. [2]
ii. Plot a graph showing the variation of the photocurrent Vs. collector potential for three different intensities
I1, I2 and I3 (I1 > I2 > I3), two of which (I1 and I2) have the same frequency ν and third has frequency > ν .

20. Explain, in brief, why Rutherford's model cannot account for the stability of an atom. [2]
21. Draw a plot of the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number for a large number of nuclei 20 < A [2]
< 240. How do you explain the constancy of binding energy per nucleon in the range of 30 < A < 170 using the
property that nuclear force is short-ranged?
Section C
22. i. What is the relation between critical angle and refractive index of a material? [3]
ii. Does critical angle depend on the colour of light? Explain
23. Monochromatic light of wavelength 589 nm is incident from air on a water surface. What are the wavelength, [3]
frequency and speed of (a) reflected, and (b) refracted light? Refractive index of water is 1.33.
24. a. Draw a graph showing variation of photoelectric current (I) with anode potential (V) for different intensities [3]
of incident radiation. Name the characteristic of the incident radiation that is kept constant in this experiment.
b. If the potential difference used to accelerate electrons is doubled, by what factor does the de-Broglie
wavelength associated with the electrons change?
25. State Bohr's postulate to explain stable orbits in a hydrogen atom. Prove that the speed with which the electron [3]
revolves in nth orbit is proportional to (1/n)
26. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons. Write any two characcteristics of nuclear force. [3]
OR
How are protons, which are positively charged, held together inside a nucleus? Explain the variation of the potential

3/6
 energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. State the significance of negative potential energy in
this region?
27. Determine the currents through the resistances of the circuits shown in figure. [3]

28. i. Explain how a potential barrier is developed in a p-n junction diode. [3]
ii. Draw the circuit arrangement for studying the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in reverse bias. Plot
the V-I characteristics in this case.
Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
Refraction of light is the change in the path of light as it passes obliquely from one transparent medium to
another medium. According to law of refraction sin i

sin r
=
1
μ2 , where 1
μ2 is called refractive index of second
medium with respect to first medium. From refraction at a convex spherical surface, we have
μ2 μ1 μ2 −μ1

v
−
u
=
R
. Similarly from refraction at a concave spherical surface when object lies in the rarer
μ μ μ −μ μ μ μ −μ
medium, we have 2

v
−
1

u
=
2

R
1
and when object lies in the denser medium, we have 1

v
−
2

u
=
1

R
2
.
i. Refractive index of a medium depends upon
a. nature of the medium
b. wavelength of the light used
c. temperature
d. all of these

ii. A ray of light of frequency 5 × 1014 Hz is passed through a liquid. The wavelength of light measured inside
the liquid is found to be 450 × 10-9 m. The refractive index of the liquid is
a. 1.33
b. 2.52
c. 2.22
d. 0.75
iii. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 60° on one face of a rectangular glass slab of refractive index 1.5 .
The angle of refraction is

a. sin-1(0.95)
b. sin-1(0.58)
c. sin-1(0.79)
d. sin-1(0.86)

4/6
 iv. A point object is placed at the centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive index 1.5. The distance
of the virtual image from the surface of sphere is
a. 2 cm
b. 4 cm
c. 6 cm
d. 12 cm
v. In refraction, light waves are bent on passing from one medium to the second medium because in the second
medium
a. the frequency is different
b. the co-efficient of elasticity is different
c. the speed is different
d. the amplitude is smaller.
30. Read the paragraph given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
Rutherford performed one of the revealing experiments in atomic physics that is now known as the gold
foil experiment. Some radioactive heavy elements emit alpha particles (helium nuclei), and a beam of
these particles was directed at thin gold foil.

i. Why is the classical (Rutherford) model for an atom-of electron orbiting around the nucleus—not able to
explain the atomic structure?
a. As the revolving electron loses energy continuously
b. As electron jumps to the second orbit
c. As the revolving electron gains energy continuously
d. None of these
ii. An alpha particle contains:
a. 4 positive charge and 2 mass unit
b. 2 positive charge and 4 mass unit
c. 2 positive charge and 2 mass unit
d. 4 positive charge and 4 mass unit
iii. Rutherford’s experiment on the scattering of α-particles showed for the first time that the atom has:-
a. electron
b. proton
c. neutron
d. nucleus
iv. According to Rutherford’s atomic model, the electrons inside the atom are
a. stationary
b. not stationary
c. centralized

5/6
 d. none of the above
v. Rutherford’s α-particle experiment showed that the atoms have
a. proton
b. neutron
c. nucleus
d. electron
Section E
31. i. Derive lens maker’s formula for a biconvex lens. [5]
ii. A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm on the principal axis of a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. A
convex mirror is placed coaxially on the other side of the lens at a distance of 10 cm. If the final image
coincides with the object, sketch the ray diagram, and find the focal length of the convex mirror.
OR
An AC signal is fed into two circuits 'X' and 'Y' and the corresponding output in the two cases have the wave forms
as shown.
i. Identify the circuits 'X' and 'Y'. Draw their labelled circuit diagrams.
ii. Briefly explain the working of circuit Y.
iii. How does the output waveform from circuit Y get modified when a capacitor is connected across the output
terminals parallel to the load resistor?

32. Using photon picture of light, show how Einstein's photoelectric equation can be established. Write two features [5]
of photoelectric effect which cannot be explained by wave theory.
OR
A plane wavefront propagating in a medium of refractive index μ is incident on a plane surface making an angle of
1

incidence i as shown in fig. It enters into a medium of refractive index ′ ′

μ2 ( μ2 > μ1 ) . Use Huygens' construction of
secondary wavelets to trace the propagation of the refracted wavefront. Hence, verify Snell's law of refraction.

33. Define the distance of closest approach. [5]

An α-particle of kinetic energy K is bombarded on a thin gold foil. The distance of the closest approach is r.
What will be the distance of closest approach for an α-particle of double the kinetic energy?
Write two important limitations of Rutherford nuclear model of the atom.
OR
i. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. Obtain an expression for its
magnifying power. How can we increase the magnifying power of the telescope?
ii. A beam of light converges at a point P. A lens is placed in the path of the beam at a distance of 25 cm from P.
The final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the power of the lens.

6/6
 Solution

XII - CBSE REVISION TEST - VOL 2

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(d) Real, inverted and magnified

Explanation:

Intermediate image (P'Q') is formed by objective which is a convex lens and the object (PQ) is placed at a distance slightly
greater than the focal length. Hence, producing a real, inverted and magnified image.

2.
(d) Total internal reflection
Explanation: When light travelling in an optically dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle, the light is
completely reflected. This is called total internal reflection. This effect is used in optical fibres to confine light in the core.
3. (a) 2 I0
Explanation: For two incoherent sources, the resultant intensity at every point is just twice of the two individual intensities.
4.
(d) 2 : 1
I1 2
a a
Explanation: I2
=
2
=
4

1
∴
b
=
2

1
b

5.
(b) 1

√2

Explanation: λ = h

√2mK

Hence, λ ∝ 1

√K

Hence, if K' = 2K,

′ 1
λ = λ
√2

6.
(d) [ML2T-1]
2 −2
[E] [ML T ]

Explanation: [h] = [v]

=
−1
[T ]

= [ML2T-1]
7.
(c) 1

2
n

Explanation: In Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom, the total energy of the electron in nth discrete orbit is proportional to 1

n2

8.
(d) 10-15 to 10-14 m
Explanation: Rutherford's experiments suggested the size of the nucleus to be about 10-15 to 10-14 m. From kinetic theory, the
size of an atom was know to be 10-10m.
9.
(d) All of these

1 / 10
 Explanation: In nuclear reaction, momentum, sum of mass and energy are conserved.
10.
(d) proportional to the cube root of its mass number
Explanation: Experimental measurements show that volume of a nucleus is proportional to its mass number A. If R be the
4
radius of the nucleus assumed to be spherical, then its volume, ( 3
3
πR ) ∝ A

or R ∝ A 1/3
or R = R0A1/3

Where, R0 is an empirical constant whose value is found to be 1.1 × 1015m

11.
(c) pentavalent
Explanation: When a pentavalent impurity, such as arsenic or antimony or phosphorus is added to a pure semiconductor, the
number of free electrons become more than the holes in the semiconductor and such an extrinsic semiconductor is called n-type
semiconductor.
12. (a) excess of electrons
Explanation: When a strong current is passed through a semiconductor, many covalent bonds break up due to heating and
thereby liberating a large number of free electrons.
13.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: For an equiconvex lens, R1 = R2 = R
From 1

f
= (μ − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R3
) (using lens maker's formula]
For air long. μ = 1.5 placed in air. Therefore, 1

f
= (1.5 - 1) 2

R
⇒ f = R.

14.
(d) A is false and R is also false
Explanation: A is false and R is also false
15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Silicon is cheaper than germanium, so it is preferred over germanium. But energy gap in germanium is smaller
than silicon.
Section B
17. Here u = -30 cm and f = 10 cm
Hence using mirror formula,
1 1 1
+ =
v −30 −10

1 1 1
= −
v 30 10

v = -15
Therefore lens-mirror combination forms a real image Q at a distance of 15 cm from the mirror.

18. Let I0 be the intensity of light from each slit. When the slit is not painted,
−
− −
− 2
Imax = (√I 0 + √I0 ) = 4I0
−
− −
− 2
Imin = (√I0 − √I0 ) =0
When one of the slits is painted, it transmits half of the original intensity.

2 / 10
 −− 2 2
−
− I0
∴ Imax = (√I 0 + √
2
) = I0 (1 +
1
) = 2.914 I0
√2

−− 2 2
I0
Imin = (I 0 − √
2
) = I0 (1 −
1
) = 0.086 I0
√2

Hence on painting one of the two slits, the intensity of maxima decreases from 4I0 to 2.914 I0 and that of minima increases from 0
to 0.086 I0. The contrast between the bright and dark fringes decreases.
OR
When a p-type crystal is placed in contact with n-type crystal so as to form one piece, the assembly so obtained is called p-n
junction or junction diode or crystal diode. The surface of contact of p and n-type crystals is called junction. In the p-section, holes
are the majority carriers; while in n-section, the majority carriers are electrons. Due to the high concentration of different types of
charge carriers in the two sections, holes from p-region diffuse into n-region and electrons from n-region diffuse into p-region. In
both cases, when an electron meets a hole, the two cancel the effect of each other and as a result, a thin layer at the junction
becomes devoid of charge carriers. This is called the depletion layer or depletion region as shown in Fig.

19. a. The amount of light energy / number of photons, incident per metre square per second is called intensity of radiation .Its S.I.
units is watt per steradian. (Wsr-1)
b.

20. When an electron revolves around the nucleus radiates electromagnetic energy and hence radius of orbit of electron decreases
gradually. Thus, electron will finally on spiral path of decreasing radius and at the end, it will fall into nucleus, but this does not
happen. Also, according to it we should obtain radiation of all possible wavelength but in actual practice atomic spectrum is a line
spectrum.Thus, Rutherford atomic model cannot account for stability of atom.

3 / 10
21. The binding energy per nucleon curve is shown below:

The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus is the binding energy divided by the total number of nucleons. Larger the binding
energy per nucleon, the greater the work that must be done to remove the nucleon from the nucleus, the more stable the nucleus.
The binding energy in the range of 30 < A < 170 has average binding energy per nucleon = 8.5 MeV. So, the nucleus belongs to
this region is highly stable and does not show radioactivity. This higher stability is attributed to the fact the neutron-proton ration
in these elements which makes the nuclear force attractive enough to overcome the coulombian repulsive force of the positively
charged protons.
Section C
22. i. μ = sin ic or n21 = sin ic
where n21 is the refractive index of rarer medium 1 with respect to denser medium 2.
ii. As μ depends on wavelength, therefore, critical angle for the same pair of media in contact will be different for different
colours.
23. Given, λ = 589nm
8
c = 3 × 10 m/s, μ = 1.33

a. For reflected light,

Wavelength λ = 589nm = 589 × 10 −9
m
8
c 3×10
ν = =
λ −9
589×10

14
= 5.09 × 10 Hz

Hence, the speed, frequency, and wavelength of the reflected light are 3 × 108 m/s, 5.09 × 1014 Hz, and 589 nm respectively.
b. Frequency of light does not depend on the property of the medium in which it is travelling. Hence, the frequency of the
refracted ray in water will be equal to the frequency of the incident or reflected light in air.
c
v =
μ
8
3×10 8
v = = 2.26 × 10 m/s
1.33

Wavelength of light in water is given by the relation,

c
λ =
ν
8
2.26×10
=
14
5.09×10

−9
= 444.007 × 10 m = 444.01 nm

Hence the speed, frequency and wavelength of refracted light are 2.26 × 108 m/s, 5.09 × 1014 Hz and 444.01 nm
respectively.
24. a. The frequency of the incident radiation was kept constant

b. from the de-Broglie wavelength,

1
λ ∝
√ν

4 / 10
 If potential difference V is doubled, the de-Broglie wavelength is decreased to 1
times.
√2

25. According to Bohr's second postulate only those orbits around the nucleus are allowed for electron to revolve for which the
angular momentum of the electron is an integral multiple of where h is Planck's constant
h

2π

So the electron revolues as

Centripetal force = Coulombs force between proton electrons
2 2
mv ke
=
r 2
r
2
2 ke
v =
mr

also for hydrogen atom

2 2
ε0 h n
r =
2
e πm
2 2
2 ke × e πm kπe4
v = =
2 2 2 2
m×ε0 h n ε0 h n

2 1
v ∝
2
n
1
v ∝
n

26.

There are two types of forces: Coulomb force and nuclear force which are acting between protons in the nucleus. The gravitational
force between two protons is very weak. Between these two forces, nuclear force is stronger as compared to Coulomb force but it
is a very short-range force. Coulomb force is repulsive in nature for two protons dominant over nuclear force when the distance
between two protons increases more than a few femtometer. As the nuclear size is in the order of the femtometer, hence in the
nucleus, nuclear force between protons dominates over the Columbian force. It is attractive in nature and binds together.
Moreover, neutrons in nucleus also act as glue to held protons together as there is no Coulomb force between protons and neutrons
but there is an attractive nuclear force between them.

It is clear from the graph, as the nucleons come closer under attractive nuclear force, the potential energy decreases and PE
becomes more and more negative. When the distance between two nucleons falls below 10-15 m, the nuclear force becomes
repulsive and potential energy increases rapidly. Hence negative PE shows that force between nucleons is attractive.
The characteristic properties of nuclear force:

i. The nuclear force is short-range force.

ii. The nuclear force is independent of electric charge.

27. i. In figure (a), both the diodes D1 and D2 are forward biased and offer no resistance.

2.0 V
∴ Current in the circuit = 20Ω
= 0.1 A

5 / 10
 ii. In Figure (b), diode D2 is reverse biased offers infinite resistance, so the current through the series circuit = zero.

iii. In figure (c), D1 and D2 are forward biased and offer zero resistance.

∴ Current in the circuit = 2.0 V

= 0.1 A
20Ω

iv. In figure (d), no current flows through D2 as it is reverse biased.

∴ Current in the remaining circuit = 2.0 V

20Ω
= 0.1 A

28. i.

During the formation of p - n junction diode; due to the concentration gradient across p and n sides of a diode, holes diffuse
from p side to n side and electrons diffuse from n side to p side giving rise to development of immobile positive charges on the
n side and the negative charges on the p side across the junction. Thus a potential barrier is formed at the junction.
ii. The VI characteristics are obtained by connecting the battery, to the diode, through a potentiometer the battery, to the diode,
through a (or ,rheostat). The applied voltage to the diode is changed. The applied voltage to the diode is changed. The values
of current, for different values of voltage, are noted and a graph between V and I is plotted. The V-I characteristics of a diode,
have the form the form shown here.

Section D
29. i. (d): Refractive index of a medium depends upon nature and temperature of the medium, wavelength of light.

6 / 10
 ii. (a): Here v = 5 × 1014 Hz; λ = 450 × 10-9 m
c = 3 × 108 ms-1
Refractive index of the liquid,
8
c c 3×10
μ= = =
v vλ 14 −9
5× 10 ×450× 10

μ = 1.33

iii. (b): Here i = 60°; μ = 1.5

By snell's law, μ = sin i

sin r
sin i sin 60° 0.866
sin r = = =
μ 1.5 1.5

sin r = 0.5773 or r = sin-1(0.58)

iv. (c): As object is at the centre of the sphere, the image must be at the centre only.
∴ Distance of virtual image from centre of sphere = 6 cm.

v. (c): Speed of light in second medium is different than that in first medium
30. i. (a) As the revolving electron loses energy continuously
ii. (b) 2 positive charge and 4 mass unit
iii. (d) nucleus
iv. (b) non-stationary
v. (c) nucleus
Section E

31. i.

The complete derivation of the lens maker formula is described below. For refraction at surface ABC, we have
μ μ μ −μ

v1
2
−
1

u
=
2

R1
1
...(i) (Here μ 2, μ1 are the refractive index of the material )
For refraction at surface ADC, we have
μ μ μ −μ

v
1
−
v1
2
=
1

R2
2
...(ii)
Adding equation (i) and (ii), we get
μ μ

v
1
−
1

u
= (μ 2 − μ1 ) [
R1
1
−
R2
1
]

(μ − μ )
1

v
−
1

u
=[ 2

μ1
1
][
1

R1
−
R2
1
] ...(iii)
If the object is placed at infinity (u=∞ ), the image will be formed at the focus, i.e. v = f
Therefore
1

f
−
∞
1
= (μ21 − 1) [
1

R1
−
R2
1
] ...(iv)
From eq. (iii) and (iv), we have
1 1 1
− =
v u f

This is Lens maker formula.

ii. For refraction at convex lens, we have

Object distance, u = -12 cm

Image distance, v =?
Forcal length, f = + 10 cm
Using lens formula, we have
1 1 1
− =
v (−12) 10

7 / 10
 i.e. v = + 60 cm
Thus, in the absence of a convex mirror, the convex lens will form the image I1, at a distance of 60cm behind the lens. As the
mirror is at a distance of 10cm from the lens, image I1 will be at a distance of (60 - 10) = 50 cm from the mirror, i.e., MI1 = 50
cm.
Now, as the final image I2 is formed at the object itself, the rays after reflection from the mirror retrace its path, i.e., the rays
on the mirror are incident normally, i.e., I1 is the centre of the mirror so that
R = MI1 = +50 cm
and f = R

2
=
50

2
= 25 cm
Which is the focal length of the mirror.
OR
i. Here X is half-wave rectifier and Y is full-wave rectifier

ii. In case of a full wave rectifier during positive half cycle of ac, diode D1 is forward biased and diode D2 is reversed biased and
output is taken across the load resistance with a particular polarity. Whereas during negative half cycle of ac, the diode D2 is
forward biased and diode D1 is reverse biased, and again the output is taken across the load resistance with the same polarity.
iii. A capacitor of large capacitance is connected in parallel to the load resistor RL. When the pulsating voltage supplied by the
rectifier is rising, the capacitor C gets charged. If there is no external load, the capacitor would have remained charged to the
peak voltage of the rectified output.
However, when there is no load and the rectified voltage starts falling, the capacitor gets discharged through the load and the
voltage across capacitor begins to fall slowly.

32. In the photon picture, the energy of the light is assumed to be in the form of photons, each carrying an hν . energy.Einstein
assumed that photoelectric emission occurs because of a single collision of a photon with a free electron.
The energy of the photon is used to Free the electrons from the metal.
[For this, minimum energy, called the work function (= ϕ ) is needed] and rest energy is given to electron is kinetic energy.
0

Hence,
(K.E.)max = hv - ϕ 0

or ( 1

2
2
mvmax = hv − ϕ0 )

This is Einstein’s photoelectric equation

Two features (which cannot be explained by wave theory):
i. ’Instantaneous’ emission of photoelectrons

8 / 10
 ii. Wave theory also fails to explain the existence of threshold energy.
iii. ’Maximum kinetic energy’ of the emitted photoelectrons, is independent of the intensity of incident light.
OR
Let PP' represents the surface separating medium 1 and medium 2 as shown in figure.

Let v1 and v2 represents the speed of light in medium 1 and medium 2 respectively. We assume a plane wavefront AB propagating
in the direction A'A incident on the interface at an angle of incidence i. Let t be the time taken by the wavefront to travel the
distance BC in medium 1 and AE in medium 2 respectively.
∴ BC = speed of light in medium 1 × time = v t [∵ distance = speed × time] 1

In order to determine the shape of the refracted wavefront, we draw an arc of radius v t from the point A in the second medium
2

(the speed of the wave in second medium is v and applying the formula, distance = speed × time). Let CE represents a tangent
2

plane drawn from the point C.

Then AE = speed of light in medium 2 × time = v t 2

∴ CE would represent the refracted wavefront.

In ΔABC and ΔAEC , we have

sin i v1 t AC sin i v1
= ⋅ ; ∴ =
sin r AC v2 t sin r v2

If c represents the speed of light in vacuum, then

μ =
1
c
and μ =
v1
[since the refractive index of a medium = speed of light in vacuum or air ÷ speed of light at that medium]
2
c

v2

c c
⇒ v1 = and v2 =
μ μ
1 2

where, µ1 and µ2 are the refractive indices of medium 1 and medium 2 respectively.
c/μ
sin i 1
∴ =
sin r c/μ2
μ
sin i 2
⇒ = ⇒ μ1 sin i = μ2 sin r
sin r μ1

This proves the snell's law of refraction.

33. When an α - particle is bombarded over a gold nucleus, it is repelled by electrostatic repulsion. As a result KE of α-particle is
converted into electrostatic PE. At a certain distance between the a-particle and nucleus at which the moving charge loses all its
kinetic energy and becomes stationary momentarily. This distance (r) is known as distance of the closest approach. In this process,
all the kinetic energy (K) of moving particle is converted into potential energy.
According to the question-
= K ................(i)
1 2e×Z e
⋅
4πε0 r

Let r0 be the new distance of the closest approach for a twice energetic α -particle. Then, we have,
2e×Z e

4πε0
1
×
r0
= 2K ..........(ii)
On dividing Eq (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
r0 1 r
= ⇒ r0 =
r 2 2

Limitations of Rutherford nuclear model are as follows:

i. A moving charge in a circular path must radiate energy because it is continuously subjected to a force. Due to this, continuous
loss of energy of electrons, the radii of the orbits should be decreasing continuously. So, the concept of fixed orbit is
erroneous.
ii. Due to this continuous decrease in radii of orbit, a charge moves over a spiral path must radiates a continuous spectrum.
Hence, line emission spectrum of H-atom is not explained by Rutherford's model.
OR

9 / 10
i. Ray Diagram of Astronomical telescope

(Deduct half mark for not showing direction of propagation of ray)

tan β
Magnifying power, III = tan α

As angles, α and β are small, therefore, tan α ≈ α and tan β ≈ β

β
then m = α
′ ′ ′ ′

In ΔA'B'E, tan β = A B

′
; ln ΔA'B'O, tan α - A B

′
EB OB
′ ′ ′ f0
m= A B

′
×
OB

′ ′
or m - −f
EB A B e

Magnifying power of a telescope can be increased by increasing the focal length of objective lens and decreasing the focal
length of eye piece.
ii. − =
1

v
1

u
1

u = +25 m, v = ∞
∴f = -25 cm
P=− m1

0.25

P = -4 D

10 / 10
 AK Physics Classes

FULL REVISION TEST 01

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E. All the sections
are compulsory.

3. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

4. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one

question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

5. Use of calculators is not allowed.

6. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s

ii. me = 9.1 x10^-31 kg

iii. e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C

iv. μ0 = 4π x 10^-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏

v. h = 6.63 x10^-34 Js

vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10^-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐

vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎^𝟐𝟑 per mole

Section A
1. Two charges + 5 μ C and +10 μ C are placed 20 cm apart. The electric field at the midpoint between the two [1]
charges is

a) 4.5 × 106 N/C towards + 10μ C b) 4.5 × 106 N/C towards + 5μ C

c) 13.5 × 106 N/C towards + 10μ C d) 13.5 × 106 N/C towards + 5μ C

2. The equivalent capacity of two capacitors in series is 3 μ F and in parallel is 16 μ F. Their individual capacities [1]
are

a) 12, 2 b) 12, 4

c) 8, 8 d) 10, 16
3. Find I in the circuit. [1]

1/7
 a) 1A b)
5
A
3

c) 2

3
A d) 1

3
A

4. A circular loop of radius r, carrying a current I lies in y-z plane with its centre at the origin. The net magnetic [1]
flux through the loop is:

a) directly proportional to r b) directly proportional to I

c) zero d) inversely proportional to r

5. A frog can be levitated in a magnetic field produced by a current in a vertical solenoid placed below the frog. [1]
This is possible, because the body of the frog behaves as

a) paramagnetic b) ferromagnetic

c) anti-ferromagnetic d) diamagnetic
6. The current in the primary coil of a pair of coils changes from 7 A to 3 A in 0.04 s. The mutual inductance [1]
between the two coils is 0.5 H. The induced emf in the secondary coil is

a) 75 V b) 220 V

c) 100 V d) 50 V
7. In a series RLC circuit R = 300 Ω , L = 60 mH, C = 0.50 μF applied voltage V = 50 V and ω = 10,000 rad/s. [1]
Inductive reactance X , capacitive reactance X and impedance Z are
L C

a) 600 Ω , 200 Ω and 500Ω b) 450 Ω , 200 Ω and 450 Ω

c) 550 Ω , 300 Ω and 100 Ω d) 500 Ω , 250 Ω and 500 Ω

8. Reflecting telescope utilizes [1]

a) Convex mirror b) Concave mirror

c) Prism d) Both Convex mirror and Concave mirror

9. The wavefront due to a source situated at infinity is [1]

a) non spherical b) planar

c) spherical d) cylindrical
10. A deutron has an energy of 4 MeV when accelerated through a potential difference V. What will be the energy of [1]
an α-particle accelerated by the same potential difference V?

a) 8 MeV b) 20 MeV

c) 12 MeV d) 4 MeV
11. In a Rutherford scattering experiment when a projectile of charge z1 and mass M1 approaches a target nucleus of [1]
charge z2 and mass M2, the distance of the closest approach is r0. The energy of the projectile is

2/7
 a) directly proportional to z1z2 b) inversely proportional to z1

c) directly proportional to mass M1 d) directly proportional to M1 × M2

12. Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio of 8 : 1. The ratio of their nuclear densities is: [1]

a) 1 : 1 b) 8 : 1

c) 2 : 1 d) 4 : 1
13. Assertion (A): Kirchhoff's voltage law indicates that the electric field is conservative. [1]
Reason (R): Potential difference between two points in a circuit does not depend on the path.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Displacement current goes through the gap between the plates of a capacitor when the charge of [1]
the capacitor does not change.
Reason (R): The displacement current arises in the region in which the electric field and hence the electric flux
changes with time.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false d) A is false but R is true

15. Assertion (A): In a hydrogen atom, there is only one electron, but its emission spectrum shows many lines. [1]
Reason (R): In a given sample of hydrogen, there are many atoms, each containing one electron; hence many
electrons in different atoms may be in different orbits, so many transitions from higher to lower orbits are
possible.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): We can measure the potential barrier of a p-n junction by putting a sensitive voltmeter across its [1]
terminals.
Reason (R): The current through the p-n junction is not same in forward and reverse bias.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. A circuit consists of a resistance of 10 Ω and a capacitance of 0.1 μ F. If an alternating emf of 100 V, 50 Hz is [2]
applied, find the current in the circuit. (Take π = 10)
2

18. How do you convince yourself that electromagnetic waves carry energy and momentum? [2]
OR
a. State two distinguishing features of nuclear force.
b. Draw a plot showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. Mark
the regions on the graph where the force is (i) attractive, and (ii) repulsive.

3/7
19. A small telescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 6.0 cm. What is [2]
the magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment? What is the separation between the objective and
the eyepiece?
20. In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is increased. How will the (i) size and (ii) intensity of [2]
central bright band be affected? Justify your answer.
21. The de Broglie wavelengths associated with an electron and a proton are equal. Prove that the kinetic energy of [2]
the electron is greater than that of the proton.
Section C
22. Two insulated charged copper, spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm. What is the [3]
mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if charge on each is 6 ⋅ 5 × 10 −7
C ? The radii of A and B are negligible
as compared to the distance of separation. What is the force of repulsion, if
a. each sphere is charged to double the above amount and the distance between them is halved,
b. the two spheres are placed in water? (Dielectric constant of water = 80).
23. Three identical capacitors C1, C2 and C3 of capacitances 6 µF each are connected to a 12 V battery as shown [3]
below:

Find
i. the charge on each capacitor
ii. the equivalent capacitance of the network
iii. the energy stored in the network of capacitors.
24. A cell of emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable resistor R. Plot a graph showing variation [3]
of terminal voltage V of the cell versus the current I. Using the plot, show the emf of the cell and its internal
resistance can be determined.
25. A proton and an alpha particle enter at right angles into a uniform magnetic field of intensity B. Calculate the [3]
ratio of the radii of their paths, when they enter the field with the
i. same momentum.
ii. same kinetic energy
OR
What are magnetic lines of force? Give their important properties.
26. Define mutual inductance between a pair of coils. Derive an expression for the mutual inductance of two long [3]
coaxial solenoids of the same length wound one over the other.
27. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of an image by an astronomical refracting telescope in [3]
normal adjustment. Hence, obtain the expression for its magnifying power.
28. A plane wavefront is propagating from a rarer into a denser medium. Use Huygens principle to show the [3]
refracted wavefront and verify Snell's law.
Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR out of the following questions: [4]
According to Ohm's law, the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential
difference across the ends of the conductor i.e., I ∝ V ⇒
V

I
= R , where R is resistance of the conductor.

4/7
 Electrical resistance of a conductor is the obstruction posed by the conductor to the flow of electric current
through it. It depends upon length, area of cross-section, nature of material and temperature of the conductor. We
can write, R ∝ l
or R = ρ
l
, where ρ is electrical resistivity of the material of the conductor.
A A

i. Dimensions of electric resistance is

a. [ML2T-2A-2]
b. [ML2T-3A-2]
c. [M-1L-2 T-1A]
d. [M-1 L2T2A-1]
ii. If 1 μ A current flows through a conductor when potential difference of 2 volt is applied across its ends, then
the resistance of the conductor is

a. 2 × 106 Ω
b. 3 × 105 Ω
c. 1.5 × 105 Ω
d. 5 × 107 Ω
iii. Specific resistance of a wire depends upon
a. length
b. cross-sectional area
c. mass
d. none of these
iv. The slope of the graph between potential difference and current through a conductor is
a. a straight line
b. curve
c. first curve then straight line
d. first straight line then curve
v. The resistivity of the material of a wire 1.0 m long, 0.4 mm in diameter and having a resistance of 2.0 ohm is

a. 1.57 × 10-6 Ω m
b. 5.25 × 10-7 Ω m
c. 7.12 × 10-5 Ω m
d. 2.55 × 10-7 Ω m
30. Read the source given below and answer the following questions: [4]
The lens maker's formula relates the focal length of a lens to the refractive index of the lens material and the
radii of curvature of its two surfaces. This formula is called so because it is used by manufacturers to design
lenses of required focal length from a glass of given refractive index.
If the object is placed at infinity, the image will be formed at focus for both double convex lens and double
concave lens.
μ2 −μ1
Therefore, lens maker's formula is,
1 1 1
= [ ][ − ]
f μ R1 R2
1

When lens is placed in air, μ 1

= 1 and μ 2
= μ . The lens maker formula takes the form,
1 1 1
= (μ − 1) [ − ]
f R1 R2

5/7
 i. The radius of curvature of each face of biconcave lens with refractive index 1.5 is 30 cm. The focal length of
the lens in air is
a. - 12 cm
b. - 10 cm
c. - 20 cm
d. - 30 cm
ii. The radii of curvature of the faces of a double convex lens are 10 cm and 15 cm. If focal length is 12 cm,
then refractive index of glass is
a. 1.5
b. 1.78
c. 2.0
d. 2.52
iii. An under-water swimmer cannot see very clearly even in absolutely clear water because of
a. absorption of light in water
b. scattering of light in water
c. reduction of speed of light in water
d. change in the focal length of eye-lens
iv. A thin lens of glass (μ = 1.5) of focal length 10 cm is immersed in water (μ = 1.3). The new focal length is
a. 22.5 cm
b. 30.5 cm
c. 32.5 cm
d. 12.5 cm
v. An object is immersed in a fluid. In order that the object becomes invisible, it should
a. behave as a perfect reflector
b. absorb all light falling on it
c. have refractive index one
d. have refractive index exactly matching with that of the surrounding fluid.
Section E
31. i. Deduce the relation between current I flowing through a conductor and drift velocity vd of the electrons. [5]

ii. Figure shows a plot of current I flowing through the cross-section of a wire versus the time t. Use the plot to
find the charge flowing in 10 s through the wire.

OR
a. State the postulates of Bohr's model of hydrogen atom and derive the expression for Bohr radius.
b. Find the ratio of the longest and the shortest wavelengths amongst the spectral lines of Balmer series in the
spectrum of hydrogen atom.
32. Obtain the relationship between stopping potential and frequency of incident radiations for photo-emission. [5]

6/7
 o
X-rays of wavelength 0.82 A fall on a metallic surface. Calculate the de-Broglie wavelength of the emitted
photo-electrons. Neglect the work function of the surface.
OR
i. When an AC source is connected to an ideal capacitor, then show that the average power supplied by the source
over a complete cycle is zero.
ii. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observations when the system is connected first
across a DC and then an AC source. What happens in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced?

33. a. Using Gauss’ law, obtain expressions for the electric field (i) inside, and (ii) outside a positively charged [5]
spherical shell.
b. Show graphically variation of the electric field as a function of the distance r from the centre of the sphere.
c. A square plane sheet of side 10 cm is inclined at an angle of 30o with the direction of a uniform electric field
of 200 NC-1. Calculate the electric flux passing through the sheet.
OR
i. Explain the formation of the depletion region and potential barrier in a p-n junction.
ii. In Figure, the input waveform is converted into the output waveform by a device X. Name the device and draw its
circuit diagram.

iii. Distinguish between a conductor, a semiconductor, and an insulator on the basis of energy band diagrams.

7/7
 Solution

FULL REVISION TEST 01

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(b) 4.5 × 106 N/C towards + 5μC
Explanation:
At the midpoint, the fields of the two charges are in opposite directions. The resultant field is directed from a larger charge to a
smaller charge.
q2 − q1
E= 4πε0
1

2
r
−6

= 9 × 109 = 4.5 × 106 N/C

(10−5)×10

−2 2
(10× 10 )

2.
(b) 12, 4
Explanation:
CP = C1 + C2 = 16 μF
C1 C2
Cs = = 3μF
C1 + C2

or C1C2 = 3(C1 + C2) = 3 × 16 = 48 μF

C1(16 - C1) = 48
On solving, C1 = 12 μ F, C2 = 4 μF

3.
(c) 2

3
A

Explanation:
As it is balanced wheat stone bridge, so total resistance of the closed loop is
1 1 1 2
= + =
R 10 10 10

R = 5 Ω

T otal C ircuit resis tan ce = 10 + 5 = 15 Ω

10 2
C urrent in circuit = = A
15 3

4.
(c) zero
Explanation:
The total flux entering equals the total flux leaving and hence net flux equals zero.

5.
(d) diamagnetic
Explanation:
To levitate a body, a force must be applied on it which at least balances the body's weight. Since weight will always pull the
frog down, the magnetic force on the frog due to the vertical solenoid placed below it must act in the upward direction. Thus,
the frog is repelled by the magnetic field. Diamagnetic substances are the only substances which are repelled by a magnetic
field. This shows that the body of the frog behaves diamagnetically.

6.
(d) 50 V
Explanation:

1 / 11
 Induced emf = |ε| = M di

dt

= 0.5 × ( 0.04
4
)

= 50 V

7. (a) 600 Ω , 200 Ω and 500Ω

Explanation:
Given that
R = 300Ω

−3
L = 60mH = 60 × 10 H

−6
C = 0.5μF = 0.5 × 10 F

V = 50 volt
ω = 10000rad/s

Inductive reactance, X L = ωL = 10000 × 60 × 10

−3
= 600Ω

Capacitive reactance, X C =
1

ωC
=
1

−6
= 200Ω
10000×0.5×10
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
−−−−−−−−−
Impedance, Z = √R 2
+ (XL − XC ) = √300
2
+ (600 − 200)
2 2
= √300 + 400 = 500Ω

8.
(d) Both Convex mirror and Concave mirror
Explanation:
Concave mirror is used as objective. A secondary convex mirror is used to reflect the light reflected by objective towards
eyepiece.

9.
(b) planar
Explanation:
The wavefront due to any source situated at infinity is planar.

10. (a) 8 MeV

Explanation:
Kα qα V 2e
= =
Kd qd V e

Kα = 2Kd = 2 × 4 MeV = 8 MeV

11. (a) directly proportional to z1z2

Explanation:
1 2
K = M1 v
2
1 q1 q2 1 z1 e⋅ z2 e
= =
4πε0 r0 4πε0 r0

For a given r0, K ∝ z 1 z2

12. (a) 1 : 1
Explanation:
Nuclear density is independent of mass number.
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Kirchhoff's voltage law says that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop is zero. A closed loop starts from a node,
traces a path through the circuit and returns to the same node. Since the total work done in moving a charge around this close
path is zero, hence the electric field is conservative. So, the assertion is true.
Potential difference between two points in a circuit does not depend on the path. This is true for conservative field. Hence the
reason is also true and it explains the assertion.
14.
(d) A is false but R is true
Explanation:

2 / 11
 Displacement current is not the current produced due to movement of charge carriers but it is due to varying electric flux with
time. It is the current in the sense that it produces a magnetic field. The displacement current is given by:
dϕ
E
Id = ε0
dt

It will happen when the charge on the capacitor does not remain constant but changes with time.

15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
We cannot measure the potential barrier of a p-n junction by connecting a sensitive voltmeter across its terminals because in the
depletion region, there are no free electrons and holes and in the absence of forward biasing, p-n junction offers infinite
resistance.

Section B
17. Here, R = 10ohm, C = 0.1 μF = 10-7F,
Ev = 100V, v = 50Hz, Iv = ?
1 1 1
XC = = =
ωC 2πνC −7
2π×50×10
5
10
=
π
−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−
5

Z = √R 2
+ X
2

C
= √10
2
+ (
10

π
2
)

= √10 × 104
−−

Ev −−
Iv =
Z
=
100

4
= √10 mA
√10× 10

18. When an electromagnetic wave interacts with matter, its electric and magnetic fields set in oscillation the charges present in the
matter. The charges thus acquire energy and momentum from the e.m. wave showing that it carries energy and momentum. (i)
When the sun shines on our hands, the energy absorbed from the e.m. waves warms our hands, (ii) An e.m. wave carries
momentum. When it falls on surface, it exerts pressure called radiation pressure.
OR
a. The distinguishing features of nuclear force are:
i. These forces are attractive by nature.
ii. The nuclear force is a short-range force. It means that it exists only when particles are very very close to each other.
iii. These forces do not obey inverse square law.
b.

19. Given, focal length of objective lens, f0 = 144 cm

Focal length of eyepiece, fe = 6 cm
Magnifying power of the telescope in normal adjustment,(i.e. when the final image is formed at ∞ )
f0 144
M= fe
=
6
= 24

Separation between lenses,

L = f0 + fe = 144 + 6 = 150 cm

3 / 11
20. i. The size of the central bright band will decrease.
Justification: Angular width = , i.e. angular width is inversely proportional to the width of the slit
2λ

ii. The intensity of central bright band will increase

iii. Justification: The amplitude/intensity of light passing through slit has increased.
21. λ = h

p
=
h

√2mEk

where Ek = kinetic energy

since wavelengths associated with an electron and a proton are equal
Ek ∝ 1

mass

mass of electron < mass of proton

∴ Kinetic Energy of electron is more than kinetic energy of proton.

Section C
22. Here, charge on the sphere A, q1 = 6 ⋅ 5 × 10 C −7

Charge on the sphere B, q2 = 6 ⋅ 5 × 10 −7

C

Distance between the spheres A and B, r = 50 cm = 0⋅ 5 m

−7 2

= 9 × 109 × = 1⋅ 521 × 10-2N

q1 q2 (6⋅5× 10 )
1
Now, F air =
4πε0
⋅
2 2
r (0⋅5)

a. When each sphere is charged to doubled and radius is halved,

q1 = q2 = 2 × 6⋅ 5 × 10-7 C ; r =
0⋅5

2
= 0.25 m
q q
Now, F air =
4πε0
1
⋅
1

2
2

−7 2

= 9 × 109×
(2×6⋅5× 10 )

2
= 0.2434 N
(0⋅25)

b. When charges are placed in water:

F
1 q1 q2 air
F = ⋅ =
water 4π ε0 K r
2 K

Here, K = 80
= 1⋅ 9 × 10-4 N
−2
1.521×10
∴ F =
water 80

23. i. The equivalent capacitance of C1 and C2 connected in series is C' and calculated by,
1 1 1 ′ 6

′
= + ⇒ C = = 3μF
C C1 C2 2

Charge on this combination, q' = C'V = (3µF) × 12 = 36 µC

Charge on each capacitor of C1 and C2 is 36 µC (since charge remains same in series combination)
Now, charge on C3,
q3 = C3V = (6 µF) × 12 = 72µC
ii. Equivalent capacitance of whole network,
C1 C2
Ceq = + C3
C1 + C2

6×6
= + 6 = 3 + 6 = 9μF
6+6

Ceq = 9 µF
iii. Energy stored in the network of capacitors
2 2 2
q q q

U = U1 + U2 + U3 = 2C1
1
+
2

2C2
+
3

2C3

With C1 = C2 = C3 = 6 µF
1 2 2 2
U = [q + q + q ]
12 1 2 3

1 2 2 2
= [36 + 36 + 72 ]
12

⇒ U = 648 µJ
24. Internal resistance usually means the electrical resistance inside batteries and power supplies that can limit the potential difference
that can be supplied to an external load.
We know that, V = E - Ir
The plot between V and I is a straight line of positive intercept and negative slope as shown in figure below.

4 / 11
 The value of potential difference corresponding to zero current gives emf of the cell.
Maximum current is drawn when terminal voltage is zero, so
V = E - Ir
E
⇒ 0 = E − Imax r ⇒ r =
Imax

Internal resistances within power supplies are normally constant and independent of use unless the power supply gets hot as a
result of short circuits or low resistance loads. In that case, the internal resistance is likely to increase slightly.
25. i. The Centripetal force on a charged particle = Magnetic force on the particle
2 p
or mv

r
= qvB sin 90
∘
or r = mv

qB
=
qB

For the same momentum p and field B,

rp qα 2e
1
r ∝ ∴ = = = 2 : 1
q rα q e
p
−
−−
ii. Kinetic energy, K = 1

2
mv
2
or v = √ 2K

m
−
−−
√2mK
∴ Radius,r = mv

qB
=
m

qB
√
2K

m
=
qB

For the same kinetic energy K and field B,

−−
− −−−
√m rp m p qα mp
2e
r ∝ ∴ = √ ⋅ = √ × = 1 : 1
q rα mα qp 4mp e

OR
A magnetic line of force may be defined as the curve the tangent to which at any point gives the direction of the magnetic field at
that point. It may also be defined as the path along which a unit north pole would tend to move if free to do so.
Properties of lines of force:
i. Magnetic lines of force are closed curves which start in air from the N-pole and end at the S-pole and then return to the N-pole
through the interior of the magnet.
ii. The lines of force never cross each other. If they do so, that would mean there are two directions of the magnetic field at the
point of intersection, which is impossible.
iii. They start from and end on the surface of the magnet normally.
iv. The lines of force have a tendency to contract lengthwise and expand sidewise. This explains attraction between unlike poles
and repulsion between like poles.
v. The relative closeness of the lines of force gives a measure of the strength of the magnetic field which is maximum at the
poles.
26. i. Mutual inductance is numerically equal to the induced emf in the secondary coil when the current in the primary coil changes
by unity.
ii. in the question mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids of same length l wound one over the other is given by:-

Let a current l2 flow in the secondary coil

μ N2 i2
∴ B2 = 0

μ N2 N1 A1 i2
∴ Flux linked with the primary coil = 0

5 / 11
 = M12i2
μ N2 N1 A1
Hence, M12 = 0

N1 N2
μ0 n2 n1 A1 l (n1 = ; n2 = )
l l

27. The astronomical telescope is as shown below

β
m = magnifying power = α
tan β
as angles are small, so m = tan α

In △A'B'C2
′ ′
A B
tan β =
′
C2 B

In △A'B'C1
′ ′
A B
tan α =
′
C1 B

′ ′ ′ ′
C1 B C1 B f
m= A B

′
×
′ ′
= ′
=
−fe
o

C2 B A B C2 B

fo
m= −fe

fo → focal length of objective lens

fe→ focal length of eye lens.
28. Let XY be interface and c1 and c2 are velocity of light in rarer and denser medium respectively.

c1
then, μ = c2

μis refractive index of medium 2 with respect to medium 1.

According to Huygens principle, every point of plane wavefront AB acts as a source of secondary wavelet. Let the secondary
wavelets from B strikes XY at A' in t seconds
BA' = c1 × t
Similarly from A secondary wavelet travels in denser medium with velocity c2
AB' = c2 × t
In △AA'B
′ C1 t
sin i = BA

′
=
′
AA AA
′ C2 ×t
In △AA'B' sin r = AB

′
=
′
AA AA
c1 n2
sin i

sin r
=
c2
= u =
n1
This proves snell's law of refraction.
Section D
29. i. (b)
= 2 × 106 Ω
V
ii. (a): R = I
=
2

−6
10

iii. (d): Specific resistance depends upon the nature of material and is independent of mass and dimensions of the material.
iv. (a)

6 / 11
 v. (d): l = 1.0 m; D = 0.4 mm = 4 × 10-4 m
R=2Ω
−4 2

m2
2 π×(4× 10 )
A= πD

4
=
4
= 4π × 10 −8

−8

Now, ρ = RA

l
=
2×4π×10

1
= 2.55 × 10
−7
Ωm

30. i. (d): Here, = 1.5; R1 = 30 cm

R2 = -30 cm
As 1

f
= (−1) [
R1
1
−
R2
1
]

1 1 2 −1
= (1.5 − 1) [ − ] = −0.5 × =
30 −30 30 30

f = -30 cm
ii. (a): Here, f = 12 cm; R1 = 10 cm; R2 = -15 cm
As 1

f
μ
= ( −1) [ − ]
R1
1
- R2
1

12
= ( −1) [ μ 10
1
] + 1

15

μ = 1.5

iii. (d): The eye-lens is surrounded by a different medium than air. This will change the focal length of the eye-lens. The eye
cannot accommodate all images as it would do in air.
iv. (b): 1

f
= (1.5 − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
)

and 1

fw
= (
1.3
1.5
− 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
)

fw
= =
0.5×1.3
= 3.25
f 0. 2
fw = 3.25f = 3.25 × 10 = 32.5 cm
v. (d): If the refractive index of two media are same, the surface of separation does not produce refraction of reflection which
helps in visibility.
Section E
31. i. The average velocity with which an electron moves through a conductor when potential difference is applied across it, is
called drift velocity. let n = number density of electrons in the conductor. Then total charge per unit volume is Q = ne
Total number of free electrons in the conductor
N = n × volume of conductor PQ
or N = nAl , l is length of the conductor and A is it's cross-sectional Area

Time t in which an electron moves from P to Q, all N free electrons pass through cross-section Q.
t = l/vd
where, vd is the drift velocity of electrons in the conductor. So, electric current flowing through conductor is given by
q Ne nAle
I = = = ⇒ I = neAvd
t t l/vd

This gives the relation between electric current and drift velocity.

ii.

Area under I-t curve on t-axis is charge flowing through the conductor
1
Q = × 5 × 5 + (5 × 5) = 37.5C
2

OR
a. Postulates of Bohr Model of Hydrogen atom:
Postulate - I: The electrons revolve in a circular orbit around the nucleus. The electrostatic force of attraction between the

7 / 11
 positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons provide necessary centripetal force for circular motion.
Postulate - II: The electrons can revolve only in certain selected orbits in which angular momentum of electrons is equal to
the integral multiple of , where h is Planck's constant. These orbits are known as stationary or permissible orbits. The
h

2π

electrons do not radiate energy while revolving in these orbits.

Postulate - III: When an electron jumps from higher energy orbit to lower energy orbit, energy is radiated in the form of a
quantum or photon of energy h v, which is equal to the difference of the energies of the electron in the two orbits. Expression
for Bohr radius:
Let us consider
m = Mass of an electron
r = Radius of the circular orbit in which the electron is revolving
v = Speed of electron
-e = Charge of electron
From 1st postulate
Centripetal force = Electrostatic force
2 2
mv 1 e
=
r 4πε0 2
r
2
1 e
∴ v
2
=
4πε0 mr
...(i)

From 2nd postulate

nh
or, mvr = 2π
nh
or, v = 2πmr
2 2
n h
or, v 2
=
2 2 2
...(ii)
4π m r

Comparing eqns (i) and (ii),

2 2 2
1 e n h
=
4πε0 mr 2 2 2
4π m r
2 2 2

or, 4πε0
1 e

mr
=
n h

2 2 2
4π m r
2 2
ε0 n h
∴ Bohr radius, r = r = 2
πme

b. Shortest wavelength in Balmer series:

1 1 1
= R( − )
λS 2 ∞
2
4
∴ λS =
R

Longest wavelength in Balmer series:

1 1 1
∴ = R( − )
λL 2 2
2 3
36
∴ λL =
5R
36

λL 9
So,
5R
= =
λS 4 5

32. According to Einstein's theory of photoelectric effect,

Energy of incident photon
= Maximum K.E. of emitted photo-electron + Work function of metal
1 2
hν = mvmax + W0
2

If V0 is the stopping potential, then

1 2
mvmax = eV0
2

∴ hν = eV0 + W0

or eV = hν − W
0 0

This is the required relation between stopping potential V0 and the frequency ν of the incident radiation.
o
Numerical. Here λ = 0.82A = 0.82 × 10 −10
m , W0 = 0
From Einstein's photo-electric equation,
K.E. of photo-electron,
1 2
mv = hν − W0 = hν − 0
2

or mv 2
= 2hν =
2hc

λ
−−−−
or mv = √ 2hcm

8 / 11
 ∴ de-Broglie wavelength associated with the electron is
−−−
h h hλ
λe = = = √
mv 2cm
√2hcm/λ

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
−34 −10
6.6× 10 ×0.82× 10
= √
8 −31
2×3× 10 ×9.1× 10

= 0.0995 × 10-10 m
o
= 0.0995 A
OR
i. When a source of AC is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C, the charge on it grows from zero to maximum steady value
Q0 .
The energy stored in a capacitor is, E = 1

2
CV
0
2
where, V0 is maximum potential difference across the plates of the capacitor.
The alternating voltage applied is
V = V0 sin ωt

and the current leads the emf by a phase angle of π/2

π
I = I0 sin(ωt + ) = I0 cos ωt
2

∴ Work done over a complete cycle is,

T T
W = ∫ V I dt = ∫ (V0 sin ωt) (I0 cos ωt) dt
0 0
V0 I0 T
= ∫ 2 sin ωt cos ωtdt
2 0

V0 I0 T
∴ W = ∫ sin 2ωtdt
2 0
T
V0 I0 cos 2ωt
W = [1 − ] = 0
2 2ω
0

Now as the work done is zero, hence the average power is also zero (as, time can never be zero).
ii. When a DC source is connected, the condenser is charged but no current flows in the circuit. Because a condenser offers
infinite resistance for a DC source and never allows a DC current to flow through it. Therefore, the lamp does not glow. No
change occurs even when capacitance of capacitor is reduced.
Now when an AC source is connected with the circuit, the capacitor offers capacitive reactance X = 1/ωC (where ω is the C

angular frequency of the applied AC voltage). The current flows in the circuit and the lamp glows. On reducing the value of C,
the capacitive reactance, XC increases. Therefore, the glowing of the bulb reduces.
33. a. Inside

The point P is inside the spherical shell. The Gaussian surface is a sphere through P centered at ‘O’
Flux through this surface = E × 4πr 2

However there is no charge enclosed by this Gaussian surface. Hence using Gauss’s Law
2
E × 4πr = 0

⇒ E=0
Outside

9 / 11
 To calculate Electric Field E⃗ at the outside point P, we take the Gaussian surface to be a sphere of radius ‘r’ and with center
O, passing through P.
Electric Flux through the Gaussian surface
2
φ = E × 4πr

Charge enclosed by this the Gaussian surface = σ × 4πR 2

By Gauss’s Law
2
2 σ×4πR
E × 4πr = = q/ϵ0
ϵ0

Where q= total charge on the spherical shell.

q
∴ E =
4πϵ0 r2

q
⃗ 1
E = ^
r
′ 2
4πϵ r
0

b.

c. Electric flux passing through the square sheet

→
⃗
ϕ = ∫ E ⋅ ds

= EA cos θ

=200 × 0.01 × cos 60o

= 1.0 Nm2/C
OR
i. A p-n junction is a basic semiconductor device.
In the p-section, holes are the majority carriers; while in the n-section, the majority carriers are electrons. Due to the high
concentration of different types of charge carriers in the two sections, holes from the p-region diffuse into the n-region, and
electrons from the n-region diffuse into the p-region. In both cases, when an electron meets a hole, the two cancel the effect of
each other and as a result, a thin layer at the junction becomes devoid of charge carriers. This is called the depletion layer as
shown in Fig.

Due to the diffusion of holes and electrons, the two sections of the junction diode no longer remain neutral. The p-section of
the junction diode becomes slightly negative, while the n-section is rendered positive. It appears as if some fictitious battery is
connected across the junction with its negative pole connected to the p-region and positive pole connected to the n-region. The
potential difference developed across the junction due to migration of majority charge carriers is called a potential barrier. It
opposes the further diffusion of charge carriers.
ii. The device X is a full-wave rectifier.

10 / 11
iii. Distinguishing features on the basis of energy band diagrams:

Conductors Semiconductors Insulators

Either the conduction band is partially

Valence and conduction bands are Valence and conduction bands are
filled or the valence and conduction
1 separated by a small energy gap. separated by a large energy gap.
bands partly overlap.
Eg = 0.2 eV to 3 eV Eg > 3eV
Eg = 0

They have a large number of free They have a very small number of free They have no free electrons in the
2 electrons in the conduction band electrons in the conduction band conduction band and so do not
available for conduction. available for conduction conduct electricity.

11 / 11
 AK Physics Classes

XII - FULL SYLLABUS MOCK TEST - 02

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based on one mark each, Section

B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one in

Section C, one in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the

choices in such questions.

6. The use of calculators is not allowed.

7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, ii. me = 9.1
x10^-31 kg, iii. e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C, iv. μ0 = 4π x 10^-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏, v. h = 6.63 x10^-34 Js, vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10^-12

𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐, vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎^𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
1. Three charges +4q, Q and q are placed in a straight line of length l at points at distances 0, l

2
, and l respectively. [1]
What should be Q in order to make the net force on q to be zero?

a) 4q b) -q
q
c) -2q d) −
2

2. The action of the dielectric to increase the capacitance is due to [1]

a) neutralization of charges b) electric polarization

c) movement of charges to the sides of d) dipole orienting parallel to the plates

dielectric
3. If two identical heaters each rated as (1000 W, 220 V) are connected in parallel to 220 V, then the total power [1]
consumed is:

a) 250 W b) 2000 W

c) 2500 W d) 200 W
4. The resistance of an ideal voltmeter is [1]

a) zero b) 100 Ω

1/8
 c) 500 Ω d) infinity

5. A paramagnetic sample shows a net magnetisation of 8 Am-1 when placed in an external magnetic field of 0.6T [1]
at a temperature of 4K. When the same sample is placed in an external magnetic field of 0.2 T at a temperature
of 16K, the magnetisation will be

a) 2.4 Am-1 b) 6 Am-1

c) d)
2 −1 32 −1
Am Am
3 3

6. A coil of wire of a certain radius has 100 turns and a self-inductance of 15 mH. The self-inductance of a second [1]
similar coil of 500 turns will be:

a) 15 mH b) 375 mH

c) none of these d) 75 mH
7. In an a.c. circuit, the current flowing is I = 5 sin (100 t - ) (in A) and the potential difference is V = 200 sin 100 [1]
π

t (in V). The power consumption is equal to

a) 40 W b) 20 W

c) 0 W d) 1,000 W
8. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air, [1]

a) its wavelength decreases b) neither wavelength nor frequency changes

c) its wavelength increases d) its frequency increases

∘

9. In Young's double-slit experiment carried out with wavelength λ = 5000 A, the distance between the slits is 0.2 [1]
mm and the screen is 2 m away from the slits. The central maxima is at x = 0. The third maxima will be at a
distance x (from central maxima) is equal to

a) 0.5 cm b) 5.0 cm

c) 1.5 cm d) 4.67 cm
10. The work function of a metal is 4eV. To emit photo electrons with zero velocity from this, the wavelength of [1]
incident radiation must be
o o
a) 1700A b) 2700A

o o
c) 3100A d) 5900A

11. An electron collides with a hydrogen atom in its ground state and excites it to a state of n = 3. How much energy [1]
was given to the hydrogen atom in this inelastic collision?

a) 14.1 eV b) 12.1 eV

c) 15.1 eV d) 13.1 eV
12. In the depletion region of an unbiased p-n junction diode, there are [1]

a) immobile ions b) electrons

c) mobile ions d) holes

13. Assertion: An applied electric field will polarize the polar dielectric material. [1]
Reason: In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a permanent dipole moment but these are randomly oriented in
the absence of an externally applied electric field.

2/8
 a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion (A): Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum but light can travel in a vacuum. [1]
Reason (R): Sound waves are longitudinal waves and they cannot be polarised but electromagnetic waves are
transverse and they can be polarised.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): The diamond shines due to multiple total internal reflections. [1]
Reason (R): The critical angle for diamond is 24.4o.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Density of all the nuclei is same. [1]
Reason (R): Radius of nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of mass number.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. A particle of mass 5 × 10-6g is kept over a large horizontal sheet of charge density 4 × 10-6 Cm-2. What charge [2]
should be given to this particle, so that if released, it does not fall down? How many electrons should be
removed to give this charge?
18. Under what conditions will the strength of current in a wire be the same for connections in series and in parallel [2]
of identical cells?
19. A long wire having a semi-circular loop of radius r carries a current I, as shown in the given figure. Find the [2]
Magnetic field due to the entire wire at point O.

20. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit interference. Hence, state two differences [2]
between interference and diffraction patterns.
OR
A source of emf e is used to establish a current I through a coil of self-inductance L. Show that the work done by the
source of build up the current I .
1 2
is LI
2

21. An electron and a proton are accelerated through the same potential. Which one of the two has (i) greater value [2]
of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it and (ii) less momentum?
Section C

3/8
22. A capacitor of capacitance C is charged to V volts by a battery. After some time the battery is disconnected and [3]
the distance between the plates is doubled. Now a slab of dielectric constant, κ is introduced to fill the space
between the plates. How will the following be affected?
a. The electric field between the plates of the capacitor.
b. The energy stored in the capacitor Justifies your answer by writing the necessary expressions.

23. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 6 J/T is aligned at 60o with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.44 T. [3]
Calculate
a. the work done in turning the magnet to align its magnetic moment
i. normal to the magnetic field
ii. opposite to the magnetic field
b. the torque on the magnet in the final orientation in case (ii).
24. The current flowing through an inductor of self-inductance L is continuously increasing. Plot a graph showing [3]
the variation of:
i. Magnetic flux versus the current
ii. Induced emf versus dI/dt
iii. Magnetic potential energy stored versus the current.
25. Show graphically the variation of instantaneous power P with angle ωt when the alternating voltage V = V0 sin [3]
ω t is applied across
i. a pure resistor
ii. a pure inductor and
iii. a pure capacitor.

26. a. In a Geiger-Marsden experiment, find the distance of closest approach to the gold nucleus (mass no. = 79) of [3]
a 7.7 Mev α-particle before it comes momentarily to rest and reverses its direction. Why is it different from
actual radius of gold nucleus?
b. Plot a graph between number of scattered α-particles detected in gold foil experiment and angle of
scattering. What is the main assumption in plotting this graph?
OR
A small candle, 2.5 cm in size is placed at 27 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 36 cm. At what
distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Describe the nature and size of
the image. If the candle is moved closer to the mirror, how would the screen have to be moved?
27. Draw a plot of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separations. Mark the regions where [3]
the nuclear force is
i. attractive and
ii. repulsive.
Write any two characteristic features of nuclear forces.
28. The following figure shows the V-I characteristics of a semiconductor diode. [3]
i. Identify the semiconductor diode used.
ii. Draw the circuit diagram to obtain the given characteristics of this device.

4/8
 iii. Briefly explain how this diode can be used as a rectifier.

Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer any four out of the following questions: [4]
The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of null deflection, i.e. the ratio of their resistances are equal and
no current flows through the circuit. Under normal conditions, the bridge is in the unbalanced condition where
current flows through the galvanometer. The bridge is said to be in a balanced condition when no current flows
through the galvanometer. This condition can be achieved by adjusting the known resistance and variable
resistance.

i. The Wheatstone bridge is an arrangement of four resistances – R1, R2, R3, R4. The null-point condition is
given by:
R1 R3
a. R2
=
R4

b. R1 + R2 = R3 + R4
R3
c. R 2
=
R4 +R1

R2 R3
d. R1
=
R4

ii. The Wheatstone bridge is used for the precise measurement of ________.
a. high resistance
b. low resistance
c. low current
d. high current
iii. Why are the connections between resistors in a Wheatstone or meter bridge made of thick copper strips?
a. Minimize the resistance
b. Maximize the resistance

5/8
 c. Minimize current
d. None of these
iv. What happens if the galvanometer and cell are interchanged at the balance point of the bridge?
a. Current flow
b. Show deflection
c. No deflection
d. Low resistance
v. In a metre bridge [Fig. below], the balance point is found to be at 39.5 cm from the end A, when the
resistor Y is of 12.5 Ω . Determine the resistance of X. In a metre bridge X = R1, Y = R4, l1 = R2, l2 = R3

a. 8.2 Ω
b. 8.4 Ω
c. 7.2 Ω
d. 8.6 Ω
30. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR the following questions: [4]
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light into denser medium at the interface of denser
medium with a rarer medium. For this phenomenon to occur necessary condition is that light must travel from
denser to rarer and angle of incidence in denser medium must be greater than critical angle (C) for the pair of
media in contact. Critical angle depends on nature of medium and wavelength of light. We can show that
μ =
1

sin C
.
( sin(41.80) = 0.67, sin (48.60) = 0.75 )
i. Critical angle for glass air interface, where μ of glass is 3

2
, is
a. 41.8°
b. 60°
c. 30°
d. 15°
ii. Critical angle for water air interface is 48.6°. What is the refractive index of water?
a. 1
b. 3

c. 4

d. 3

iii. Critical angle for air water interface for violet colour is 49°. Its value for red colour would be
a. 49°
b. 50°
c. 48°
d. 51°

6/8
 iv. Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection?
a. Working of optical fibre.
b. Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond.
c. Mirage on hot summer days.
d. Brilliance of diamond.
v. Critical angle of glass is θ and that of water is θ . The critical angle for water and glass surface would be
1 2

( μg = 3/2, μw = 4/3) .
a. less than θ 2

b. between θ and θ
1 2

c. greater than θ 2

d. less than θ 1

Section E
31. i. Use Gauss's law to show that due to a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R, the electric field at any [5]
point situated outside the shell at a distance r from its center is equal to the electric field at the same point,
when the entire charge on the shell was concentrated at its center. Also plot the graph showing the variation
of an electric field with r, for r ≤ R and r ≥ R.
ii. Two-point charges of +1 μ C and +4 μ C is kept 30 cm apart. How far from the +1 μ C charge on the line
joining the two charges, will the net electric field be zero?
OR
The following graph shows the variation of photocurrent for a photosensitive metal:

a. Identify the variable X on the horizontal axis.

b. What does point A on the horizontal axis represent?
c. Draw this graph for three different values of frequencies of incident radiation v1, v2 and v3 (v1 > v2 > v3) or same
intensity
d. Draw this graph for three different values of intensities of incident radiation I1, I2 and I3 (I1 > I2 > I3) having the

same frequency.

32. i. What is the effect on the interference fringes to a Young's double slit experiment when [5]

a. the separation between the two slits is decreased?

b. the width of the source slit is increased?
c. the monochromatic source is replaced by a source of white light? Justify your answer in each case.
ii. The intensity at the central maxima in Young's double slit experimental set up is I . Show that the intensity
0

I0
at a point is 4
, where the path difference is λ

3
.
OR
In the circuit shown in Fig. If the point C is earthed and point A is given a potential of +1200 V, find the charge on
each capacitor and the potential at point B.

7/8
 [5]

33. i. State briefly the processes involved in the formation of p-n junction, explaining clearly how the depletion
region is formed.
ii. Using the necessary circuit diagrams, show how the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction are obtained in (a)

forward biasing (b) reverse biasing? How are these characteristics made use of in rectification?
OR
Write the expression for the magnetic moment (m⃗ ) due to a planar square loop of side 'I' carrying a steady current
I in a vector form. As shown in Fig. this loop is placed in a horizontal plane near a long straight conductor carrying a
steady current I1 at a distance l. Give reasons to explain that the loop will experience a net force but no torque. Write
the expression for this force acting on the loop.

8/8
 Solution

XII - FULL SYLLABUS MOCK TEST - 02

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(b) -q
Explanation:

As the net force on q is zero, so

4q×q Qq
k
2
+ k
2
= 0 or Q = -q
l (l/2)

2.
(b) electric polarization
Explanation: When a dielectric is placed between the plates of a capacitor, electric polarization results in a reverse electric
field inside the dielectric. The net electric field reduces and therefore the potential reduces.
Q
Since, C = V

Thus, the capacitance increases.

3.
(b) 2000 W
Explanation: For a parallel combination,
P = P1 + P2 = 1000 + 1000 = 2000 W

4.
(d) infinity
Explanation: An ideal voltmeter should have an infinite resistance.
5.
(c) 2

3
Am
−1

Explanation: On increasing the temperature magnetic susceptibility of paramagnetic material decreases or vice versa .
According to Curie law, we can deduce a formula for the relation between magnetic field induction, temperature and
magnetisation.
B( magnetic field induction ) I2 B2 t1
i.e., I (magnetization) ∝ ⇒
I1
=
B1
×
t2
t( temperature in kelvin )

Let us suppose, here I1 = 8 Am-1

B1 = 0.6 T, t1 = 4 K
B2 = 0.2 T, t2 = 16 K
0.2 4 I2
⇒ × =
0.6 16 8
1 2 −1
⇒ I2 = 8 × = Am
12 3

6.
(b) 375 mH
Explanation: L ∝ N 2

2
N2
∴ L2 = ( ) L1
N1

= (
500

100
) × 15mH = 375 mH

7.
(c) 0 W
Explanation: By comparing the given equations, the phase difference between current and emf is ,

1 / 11
 π
ϕ =
2
π
∴ Pav = EvIv cosϕ = EvIv cos 2
=0

8. (a) its wavelength decreases

Explanation: The energy of the light is related to the frequency. When the light enters the medium, the apparent speed of light
changes. If the frequency changed, the energy would not be conserved. The wavelength changes to balance the change in
speed. When light enters from air to glass (from rarer to denser medium), its speed decreases as a consequence its wavelength
also decreases.
9.
(c) 1.5 cm
−10

Explanation: x3 = 3Dλ

d
=
3×2×5000×10

−3
m
0.2×10

= 15 × 10-3 m = 1.5 cm
10.
o

(c) 3100A
Explanation: We know that E or Φ = hν
​
where Φ is work function of metal
Now, hν = hc

Thus,
λ =
hc

Φ
{since hc is nearly equal to 1240 eV-nm}
1240eV −nm
λ =
4eV

→ λ = 310 nm
o

Wavelength of incident light is 310 nm or 3100A

11.
(b) 12.1 eV
Explanation: Energy given to hydrogen atom = difference in energy levels from n 1 = 1 to n2 = 3 states.
​
Energy difference, ΔE = 13.6 ( 1

2
−
1

2
) eV
n n
1 2

1 1
ΔE = 13.6 ( − ) = 12.1eV
2 2
1 3

12. (a) immobile ions

Explanation: The depletion layer consists of immobile ions.
13.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation: If a material contains polar molecules, they will generally be in random orientations when no electric field is
applied. An applied electric field will polarize the material by orienting the dipole moment of polar molecules.
14.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The brilliance of diamond is due to total internal reflection of light. μ for diamond is 2.42, so that critical angle
for diamond air interface is C = 24.4o (from sin C = 1

μ
). The diamond is cut suitable so that light entering the diamond from
any face suffers multiple total internal reflections at the various faces and remains within the diamond. Hence the diamond
sparkles.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. Upward electric force on particle = Weight of the particle
σ
mg = qE = q ⋅ 2ε0

2ε0 mg
or q = σ

2 / 11
 −12 −9
2×8.85× 10 ×5× 10 ×9.8
=
−6
4×10

= 2.16 × 10-13 C
Number of electrons required to be removed,
= 1.355 × 106
q −13
2.16×10
n= e
=
−19
1.6×10

18. Let internal resistance of each cell be r and its emf be ε. When n cells are connected in series, the current in the circuit is
I1 = nR + r
nε

When the n cells are connected in parallel, the current in the circuit is
ε nε
I2 = r =
nR + r
R+
n

But I1 = I2
6 6

∴
n

R + nr
=
n

nR + r
or R + nr = nR + r or R = r
→
19. Magnetic field due to linear portion: Any element dl of linear portions like PQ or ST will make angles 0 or π with the position
vector r ⃗. Therefore, field at O due to linear portion is given by:
μ
B= 4π
⋅
0
=0 Idl sin θ

2
r
→
Magnetic field due to semi-circular portion: Any element dl on this portion will be perpendicular to the position vector r ⃗,
therefore, field due to one such element at a point will be:
μ Idl sin π/2 μ
dB = 4π
0
⋅
2
=
0

4π
Idl

2
r r

Magnetic field due to the entire circular portion is given by

μ0 I μ0 I μ0 I
B=∫ dB =
2
∫ dl =
2
⋅ πr =
4r
4πy 4πr

μ I
∴ Total magnetic point O = 0

4r

20. Intensity pattern for single slit diffraction is shown below

Intensity pattern for double slit interference pattern is shown.

Difference between diffraction and interference patterns are

i. In interference pattern, all maxima and all minima are of same width but in the diffraction pattern, width of central maxima is
maximum and for successive secondary maxima and it goes on decreasing on both sides of the central maxima.
ii. In interference pattern, each maxima have same intensity or brightness and each minimum are of same darkness while in the
diffraction pattern, the intensity of central maxima is largest and it decreases rapidly for successive maxima on both sides of
the central maxima.
OR
Here we will use the concept of work energy theorem.
Let, I current flows through the coil of self-inductance L at any instant t when rate of change of current in coil is dl/dt,
dI
∴ Induced emf, E = −L dt
dI
Magnitude, |E| = L dt

∴ Work done in establishing the current in small-time interval dt is given by

dl
dW = P dt = EI dt = (L ) I dt
dt

dW = LI dI

3 / 11
 ∴ Total work done in increasing the current from zero to I.
2 I
I I I 1 2 2
∴ W = ∫ LI dI = L ∫ I dl = L[ ] = L (I − 0 )
0 0 2 2
0
1 2
W = LI
2

This work is stored as the energy in the inductor.

21. i. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with same potential V is given by
λ = or λ =
h

p
h

mv

1
⇒ λ ∝
√m

As electron's mass is lesser than proton,

Thus, λ electron > λ proton
ii. As, λ = h

⇒ p =
h

λ
or p ∝ 1

Since, λ > λ e p

Hence, momentum of electron will be lesser than proton.

Section C
22. Effect of dielectric: When the battery is disconnected, charges on the capacitor plates remain unchanged.
ε0 A
i. Initial capacitance, C 0 =
d

Initial field, E 0
=
σ

ε0

E0
Final field, E = 1

κ
σ

ε0
=
κ

Thus, the electric field decreases.

ε0 A κC0
ii. Final capacitance, C = κ 2d
=
2
2
Q
Initial energy, u 0 =
2C0
2 2
Q Q
Final energy, U = 2C
=
2
⋅
κC0
2
=
2

κ
u0

the energy stored increases i.e., U > U0

23. a. When a dipole is rotated from 1 position to other position 2 in a uniform magnetic field,
Workdone, W = mB(cos θ - cos θ ) 1 2

(i) Here θ = 60o, θ = 90o

1 2

∴ Workdone, W = mB(cos 60o - cos 90o)

= mB( - 0) = mB
1

2
1

= 1

2
× 6 × 0.44 = 1.32 J

(ii) Here θ = 60o, θ = 180o 1 2

∴ Workdone, W = mB(cos 60o - cos 180o)

= mB[ - (-1)] = mB
1

2
3

2
3
= 2
× 6 × 0.44 = 3.96 J
¯
¯¯¯
b. Torque, τ = |m⃗ × B| = mB sinθ
For θ = 180o, we have
Torque, τ = 6 × 0.44 sin 180o = 0
24. i. As ϕ ∝ I, so the graph of ϕ versus I is a straight line as shown in the figure.

4 / 11
 ii. As ε = −L dI

dt
, the graph of ε versus dI

dt
is a straight line with ε on the -ve side.

iii. Magnetic energy stored,

1 2
U = LI
2

2
⇒ U ∝ I

So the graph of U versus I is a parabola as shown in

25. i. Instantaneous voltage and current are in same phase in a pure resistor
V = V sin ωt and I = I sin ωt
0 0

Instantaneous power, P = VI = V I sin ωt 0 0

2

Variation of instantaneous power with ωt in a resistive a.c. circuit.

Instantaneous power is +ve at every instant except when both V and I are zero.
ii. In a pure inductor, current lags behind voltage by a phase angle of π

V = V0 sin ωt

and I = I sin(ωt − π/2) = −I

0 0 cos ωt

Instantaneous power,
V0 I0
P = V I = − V0 I0 sin ωt cos ωt = − sin 2ωt
2

Variation of instantaneous power with ωt in an inductive a.c. circuit.

iii. In a pure capacitor, voltage lags behind the current by a phase angle of π

2
.
V = V0 sin ωt , and I = I0 sin(ω t + π

2
) = I0 cosω t
Instantaneous power,
V0 I0
P = VI = V 0 I0 sin ωt cos ωt =
2
sin 2ωt

Variation of instantaneous power with ωt in a capacitive a.c. circuit.

5 / 11
 (2e)(ze) 2

26. a. Ek = 4πϵo
1

d
= 2ze

4π ϵo d
2
9 −19

30.4 × 10-15 m
2X(9.0× 10 )(1.6× 10 ) X79

d= −12
≈
1.2×10

d = 30 fm = 30 × 10-15 m
b. Kinetic energy of α particle is not sufficient to touch the nucleus.
Radius of gold nucleus is 6 fm << 30 fm because α- particle does not collide with gold nuclei and therefore distance of closest
approach is less than radius of gold nuclei.

Atom has a small dense, positively charged nucleus

OR
The object is kept between f and C. So the image should be real, inverted and beyond C. To locate the sharp image, the screen
should be placed at the position of the image.

Radius of curvature of the concave mirror, R = -36 cm

−R
The focal length f =
2
= −18cm

Object distance u = -27 cm

Using mirror formula, + 1

v
1

u
=
1

or 1

v
+
−27
1
=
−18
1
or 1

v
= −
1

18
+
1

27

1 −3+2 1 1
= ⇒ = −
v 54 v 54

v = -54 cm
Size of image can be calculated magnification
−I −I
m = −
v

u
=
O
or O
= −
v

I −54
= − ⇒ I = −5cm
+2.5 −27

So, the image is inverted and magnified. Thus in order to locate the sharp image, the screen should be kept 54 cm in front of the
concave mirror, and the image on the screen will be observed real, inverted, and magnified. If the candle is moved closer to the
mirror, the real image will move away from the mirror hence the screen has to be shifted away from the mirror to locate the sharp
image.
27. The following graph shows the variation of potential energy with the separation of nucleons

6 / 11
 1. Part BC of the graph shows the attractive force.
2. Part AB of the graph shows the repulsive force.
The characterstic features of the nuclear force are as under:
1. Nuclear forces are attractive and stronger than the electrostatic force.
​
2. Nuclear forces are charge-independent and short range forces.
28. i. The semiconductor diode whose V-I characteristic is shown in figure is pn junction diode.
ii. Circuit diagram to obtain the given characteristic is shown in figure.

iii. The circuit of Zener diode used as voltage regulator is shown in figure.

The unregulated dc voltage (filtered output of a rectifier) is connected to the Zener diode through a series resistance Rs such
that the Zener diode is reverse biased.
If the input voltage increases, the current through Rs and Zener diode also increases. This increases the voltage drop across Rs
without any change in the voltage across the Zener diode. This is because in the breakdown region, Zener voltage remains
constant even though the current through the Zener diode changes. Similarly, if the input voltage decreases, the current
through Rs and Zener diode also decreases. The voltage drop across Rs decreases without any change in the voltage across the
Zener diode. Thus any increase/decrease in the input voltage results in, increase/decrease of the voltage drop across Rs without
any change in voltage across the Zener diode. Thus the Zener diode acts as a voltage regulator.
Section D
R1 R3
29. i. (a) R2
=
R4

ii. (b) low resistance

iii. (a) Minimize the resistance
iv. (c) No deflection
v. (a) 8.2 Ω
30. i. (a): sin C = 1

μ
=
1
=
2

3
= 0.6667
3/2

−1 ∘
C = sin (0.6667) = 41.8

ii. (c): μ = 1

sin C
=
1

sin 48.6
=
1

0.75
=
4

7 / 11
 iii. (c): From μ = sin C
1
, sin C =
1

As μ > μ ∴ C < C
v r v r

The correct alternative is (c).

iv. (b): Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond is due to refraction. Other three are due to total internal reflection.
v. (c): As μ < μ < μ ; ∴ θ > θ > θ
w
g
a
w
a
g 2 1

Section E
31. i. Let Surface charge density of spherical shell = λ
Radius = R, Consider Spherical Gaussian surface of radius = r

from Gauss Law

qin
ϕ =
ϵ0

2
λ×4πr
= ∈0

2
4πλR
ϕ =
ϵ0
...(i)
→ →
Also, ϕ = E ⋅ A = E (4πr )
2
...(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
2
2 4πλR
E (4πr ) =
ϵ0

2
λR
E= 2
...(iii)
∈0 r

∴ λ =
θ

2
or λR 2
=
4π
θ

4πR
θ
E= 2
......(iv) hence, From equation (iv)
4πϵ0 r

Electric field only depend on charge enclosed and location of point.

Therefore charge with either on canter or surface enclose charge by Gaussian surface (r > R) will not change
∴ Hence it is proved.
Case(1) If r < R

this graph shows the variation of electric field with radius r

Charge enclose, qin = 0

​
E=0
Case(2) If r > R
θ
E= 2
4πϵo r

ii. Given that,

First point charge = +1 μC
Second point charge = +4 μC
Distance = 30 cm
Let us consider the net electric field zero at x distance from first charge.
Using formula of electric field
Ex = E30-x
kq1 kq2
=
r2 r′2

Put the value into the formula

−6 −6
1×10 4×10
=
x2 (30−x)
2

2 −6
(30−x) 4×10
=
2 −6
x 1×10

8 / 11
 −
−
30−x

x
= √
4

1
,
30 - x = 2x
x = 10 cm
OR
a. variable X is accelerating collector plate potential.
b. A is stopping potential for the given photosensitive material.
c. Graph for different frequencies:

d. Graph for three different intensities :

32. i. a. From the fringe width expression, we have

β = , therefore with the decrease in separation between two slits, ‘d’ the fringe width increases.
λD

b. For interference fringes to be seen, s

<
λ

d
, condition should be satisfied otherwise, the interference patterns produced by
S

different parts of the source slit will overlap.

As, the source slit width increases, the fringe pattern gets less and less sharp. When the source slit is so wide, the above
condition does not satisfy and the interference pattern disappears. However, as long as the fringes are visible, the fringe
width remains constant.
c. When monochromatic light is replaced by white light, then coloured fringe pattern is obtained on the screen.
The interference pattern due to different colour component of white light overlap. The central bright fringes for different
colours are at the same position. Therefore, central fringes are white. And on the either side of the central fringe white
coloured bands will appear.
ii. Intensity at a point is given by
′ 2
I = 4I cos ϕ/2

where I' = intensity produced by each one of the individual sources.

At central maxima, ϕ = 0 ,
The intensity at the central maxima,
′
I0 = 4I
I0
I
′
=
4
..... (i)
λ
As, path difference = 3
2π
Phase difference, ϕ ′
=
λ
× path difference
2π λ 2π
= × =
λ 3 3

Now, intensity at this point

′′ ′ 2 1 2π
I = 4I cos ( )
2 3

′ 2 π
= 4I cos
3

′ 1
= 4I ×
4

′
= I
I0
=
4
[from Eq. (i)]
Hence proved.

9 / 11
 OR
Capacitors C2 and C3 form a parallel combination. Their equivalent capacitance is
C' = C2 + C3 = (4 + 2)μF = 6μF
Now C1 and C' form a series combination, therefore, the equivalent capacitance of the entire network is
′
CC 3×6
C = = = 2μF
′ 3+6
C+C

The charge on the equivalent capacitor is

q = CV = 2 × 10-6 × 1200 C = 2.4 × 10-3 C
This must be equal to the charge on C1 and also the sum of the charges on C2 and C3. Thus
q −3

VA − VB = =
2.4×10

−6
= 800 V
C1 3×10

VA = 1200 V
∴ VB = 1200 - 800 = 400 V
Hence VC -VB = 400 - 0 = 400 V

q2 = C2(VC - VB) = 4 × 10-6 × 400 C = 1.6 × 10-3 C

q3 = C3(VC - VB) = 2 × 10-6 × 400 C = 0.8 × 10-3 C

q1 = q = 2.4 × 10-3 C
33. 1. Two important processes occur during the formation of a p-n junction: diffusion and drift.

In the p-section, holes are the majority carriers; while in n-section, the majority carriers are electrons. Due to the high
concentration of different types of charge carriers in the two sections, holes from p-region diffuse into n-region and electrons
from n-region diffuse into p-region. In both cases, when an electron meets a hole, the two cancel the effect of each other and
as a result, a thin layer at the junction becomes devoid of charge carriers. This is called depletion layer as shown in Fig.
2. The circuit arrangement for studying the V-I characteristics of a diode, (i.e., the variation of current as a function of applied
voltage) are shown in Fig. (a) in forward bias, (b) in reverse bias.

The battery is connected to the diode through a potentiometer (or rheostat) so that the applied voltage to the diode can be
changed. For different values of voltages, the value of the current is noted. A graph between V and I is obtained as in Fig. (c).

10 / 11
 Note that in forward bias measurement, we use a milliammeter since the expected current is large while a micrometer is used
in reverse bias to measure the current. We can see in Fig. (c) that in forward bias, the current first increases very slowly,
almost negligible, till the voltage across the diode crosses a certain value. After the characteristic voltage, the diode current
increases significantly (exponentially), even for a very small increase in the diode bias voltage. This voltage is called the
threshold voltage or cut-in voltage (~0.2V for germanium diode and ~0.7 V for silicon diode).
For the diode in reverse bias, the current is very small (~µA) and almost remains constant with change in bias. It is called
reverse saturation current. However, for special cases, at very high reverse bias (break down voltage), the current suddenly
increases.

From the V-I characteristic of a junction diode we see that it allows current to pass only when it is forward biased. So if an
alternating voltage is applied across a diode the current flows only in that part of the cycle when the diode is forward biased.
This property is used to rectify alternating voltages and the circuit used for this purpose is called a rectifier.
OR
Magnetic moment due to a planer square loop of side / and carrying current I is given by
m = IA = Il2
In vector form m⃗ = I l 2
^
n

where is a unit vector normal to the plane of the loop in the sense given by right-hand thumb rule.
^
n

Force of attraction on conductor AB,

μ0 I1 I μ0 L1 I
Fa = × l =
2πl 2π

Force of repulsion on wire CD,

μ I1 I μ I1 I
0 0
Fr = × l =
2π×2l 4π

As Fd > Fr' the net force on loop ABCD is attractive.

μ I1 I μ I1 I
0 1 0
Fnet = Fa − Fr = (1 − )=
2π 2 4π

As Fa > Fr' the net force on loop ABCD is attractive.

μ0 I1 I 1 μ0 I1 I
Fnet = Fa − Fr = (1 − )=
2π 2 4π

As the area vector is parallel to the magnetic field, θ = 0°, so torque on the square loop,
∘
τ = I AB sin θ = I AB sin 0 = 0

Thus the torque acting on the loop is zero.

11 / 11
 AK Physics Classes

FULL REVISION TEST 03

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based on one mark each, Section

B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one in

Section C, one in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the

choices in such questions.

6. The use of calculators is not allowed.

7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, ii. me = 9.1
x10^-31 kg, iii. e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C, iv. μ0 = 4π x 10^-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏, v. h = 6.63 x10^-34 Js, vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10^-12

𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐, vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎^𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
1. Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm. What is the [1]
mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6. 5 × 10 −7
C ? The radii of A and B are
negligible compared to the distance of separation.

a) 3. 5 × 10 −2
N b) −2
4. 5 × 10 N

c) 1. 5 × 10 −2
N d) −2
2. 5 × 10 N

2. The electric field between the plates of a fully charged capacitor is E. If a material of dielectric constant K is [1]
introduced between the plates, the electric field at a point between the plates

a) becomes zero b) remains unchanged

c) becomes E/K d) becomes EK

3. The voltage of clouds is 4 × 106 V with respect to the ground. In a lightning strike lasting 100 m sec, a charge [1]
of 4C is delivered to the ground. The power of the lightning strike is:

a) 500 MW b) 80 MW

c) 20 MW d) 160 MW
4. The ratio of the time period of alpha particle to that of a proton circulating with the same speed in the same [1]

1/7
 uniform magnetic field is:
–
a) 1 : 2 b) 1 : √2

–
c) 2 : 1 d) √2 : 1

5. The emf induced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field does not depend upon the following: [1]

a) Number of turns in the coil b) Area of the coil

c) Angular speed of rotation of the coil d) Resistance of the coil

6. Which of the following statements about a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source is correct? [1]

a) At resonance, the voltage drop across the b) At resonance, the voltage drop across the
inductor is more than that across the capacitor is more than that across the
capacitor. inductor.

c) If the net reactance (XL - XC) of circuit d) If the frequency of the source is increased,
becomes equal to its resistance, then the the impedance of the circuit first decreases
and then increases.
current leads the voltage by 45o.
7. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque [1]
screen, then

a) no image will be formed b) complete image will be formed

c) intensity of the image will increase d) half the image will disappear
8. The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent light sources of intensity ratio n. In the interference [1]
Imax −Imin
pattern, the ratio Imax +Imin
will be

a) √n
b) 2√n

2 2
(n+1) (n+1)

c) √n
d)
2√n

n+1 n+1

o [1]
9. If light of wavelength 4000 A is incident on a sodium surface for which the threshold wavelength of
o
photoelectrons is 5420 A, then work-function of sodium is

a) 4.58 eV b) 0.57 eV

c) 1.14 eV d) 2.29 eV
10. The Bohr model of atom [1]

a) predicts line emission spectra for b) predicts the same emission spectra for all
atoms types of atoms

c) assumes that the angular momentum of d) uses Einstein's photoelectric equation

electrons is quantized
11. Nuclear binding energy is equivalent to: [1]

a) Mass of proton b) Mass of neutron

c) Mass of nucleus d) Mass defect of the nucleus

12. Semiconductors behave like insulators at ________ [1]

a) 273 K b) 0oC

2/7
 c) 0 K d) 300 K
13. Assertion (A): Units of electric dipole moment are Cm and units of torque are Nm. [1]
Reason (R): Electric dipole moment and torque are give by p = q (2a) and τ = force × distance respectively.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Increasing the charge on the plates of a capacitor means increasing the capacitance. [1]
Reason (R): For a capacitor Q = CV ⇒ Q ∝ C.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
explanation of A correct explanation of A

c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false

15. Assertion (A): A current flows in a conductor only when there is an electric field within the conductor. [1]
Reason (R): The drift velocity of electrons in presence of electric field decreases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Earth's magnetic field does not affect the working of a moving coil galvanometer. [1]
Reason (R): The earth's magnetic field is quite weak as compared to magnetic field produced in the moving coil
galvanometer.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. In a Young's double slit experimental set-up, the intensity of the light waves from two coherent sources are in the [2]
ratio of 9 : 1. Find the ratio of intensity of bright and dark fringes in the interference pattern.
18. Calculate the ratio of the accelerating potential required to accelerate a proton and an α-particle to have the same [2]
de-Broglie wavelength associated with them.
19. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV . What are the kinetic and potential energies of the [2]
electron in this state?
20. Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Give one example for each. [2]
OR
i. An electromagnetic wave is traveling in a medium, with a velocity v ⃗ = v^i . Draw a sketch showing the
propagation of the electromagnetic wave, indicating the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
ii. How are the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields related to the velocity of the electromagnetic wave?
21. Explain the terms depletion layer and potential barrier in a p-n junction diode. How are the [2]
i. width of depletion layer, and
ii. value of potential barrier affected when the p-n junction is forward biased?
Section C
22. A spherical conductor of radius 12 cm has a charge of 1.6 × 10 −7
C distributed uniformly on its surface. [3]

3/7
 What is the electric field
a. inside the sphere?
b. just outside the sphere?
c. at a point 18 cm from the centre of the sphere?
23. A 600 pF capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is connected to [3]
another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much electrostatic energy is lost in the process?
24. For the circuit diagram of a Wheatstone bridge shown in the figure, use Kirchhoff's laws to obtain its balance [3]
condition.

25. Describe the working principle of a moving coil galvanometer. Why is it necessary to use [3]
i. a radial magnetic field and
ii. a cylindrical soft iron core in a galvanometer?
Write the expression for current sensitivity of the galvanometer.
26. Classify materials on the basis of their behaviour in a magnetic field. Under which category does iron come? [3]
How does the magnetic property of iron change with the increase of temperature?
OR
Identify electromagnetic waves which:
i. are used in radar system.
ii. affect a photographic plate.
iii. are used in surgery.
Write their frequency range.
27. Name the SI unit of magnetic flux and show that it equals volt-sec. Give three possible ways of producing an [3]
induced emf in a coil giving an example in each case.
28. When an ideal capacitor is connected to an a.c. source, show that the average power supplied by the source over [3]
a complete cycle is Zero.
Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer any four out of the following questions: [4]
Emf of a cell is the maximum potential difference between two electrodes of the cell when no current is drawn
from the cell. Internal resistance is the resistance offered by the electrolyte of a cell when the electric current
flows through it. The internal resistance of a cell depends upon the following factors; (i) distance between the
electrodes (ii) nature and temperature of the electrolyte (iii) nature of electrodes (iv) area of electrodes.

For a freshly prepared cell, the value of internal resistance is generally low and goes on increasing as the cell is
put to more and more use. The potential difference between the two electrodes of a cell in a closed circuit is

4/7
 called terminal potential difference and its value is always less than the emf of the cell in a closed circuit. It can
be written as V = ε − Ir .
i. The terminal potential difference of two electrodes of a cell is equal to emf of the cell when
a. I ≠ 0
b. I = 0
c. both I ≠ 0 and I = 0
d. neither I ≠ 0 and I = 0
ii. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r gives a current of 0.5 A with an external resistance of 12Ω and a
current of 0.25 A with an external resistance of 25Ω . What is the value of internal resistance of the cell?
a. 5 Ω
b. 1 Ω
c. 7 Ω
d. 3 Ω
iii. Choose the wrong statement.
a. Potential difference across the terminals of a cell in a closed circuit is always less than its emf.
b. Internal resistance of a cell decrease with the decrease in temperature of the electrolyte.
c. Potential difference versus current graph for a cell is a straight line with a -ve slope.
d. Terminal potential difference of the cell when it is being charged is given as V = ε + Ir.
iv. An external resistance R is connected to a cell of internal resistance r, the maximum current flows in the
external resistance, when
a. R = r
b. R < r
c. R > r
d. R = 1

v. IF external resistance connected to a cell has been increased to 5 times, the potential difference across the
terminals of the cell increases from 10 V to 30 V. Then, the emf of the cell is
a. 30 V
b. 60 V
c. 50 V
d. 40 V
30. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P =
1

f
, where f is in metre and P is
in dioptre. For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is negative. When a number of
thin lenses of powers P 1
, P2 , P3 , ... are held in contact with one another, the power of the combination is given
by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses i.e., P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....
i. A convex and a concave lens separated by distance d are then put in contact. The focal length of the
combination
a. becomes 0
b. remains the same
c. decreases
d. increases.

5/7
 ii. If two lenses of power +1.5 D and +1.0 D are placed in contact, then the effective power of combination will
be
a. 2.5 D
b. 1.5 D
c. 0.5 D
d. 3.25 D
iii. If the power of a lens is +5 dioptre, what is the focal length of the lens?
a. 10 cm
b. 20 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 5 cm
iv. Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination is
a. -10 D
b. -20 D
c. 10 D
d. 15 D
v. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
The system will be
a. converging in nature
b. diverging in nature
c. can be converging or diverging
d. None of the above
Section E
31. An electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field: [5]
i. Show that no translatory force acts on it.
ii. Derive an expression for the torque acting on it.
iii. Find work done in rotating the dipole through 180° from 00.
OR
Define the self-inductance of a coil. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of cross-sectional
area A, length L having n turns for unit length. Prove that self-inductance is the analog of mass in mechanics.
32. From the network shown in Fig. find the value of the capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between points [5]
A and B is to be 1 μ F. All the capacitances are in μ F.

OR
a. With the help of a labelled ray diagram, explain the construction and working of a Cassegrain reflecting
telescope.

6/7
 b. An amateur astronomer wishes to estimate roughly the size of the Sun using his crude telescope consisting of an
objective lens of focal length 200 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 10 cm. By adjusting the distance of the
eyepiece from the objective, he obtains an image of the Sun on a screen 40 cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter
of the Sun’s image is measured to be 6.0 cm. Estimate the Sun’s size, given that the average Earth-Sun distance is
1.5 × 1011 m.

33. i. Express Biot-Savart law in the vector form. [5]

ii. Use it to obtain the expression for the magnetic field at an axial point, distanced from the centre of a circular
coil of radius R carrying current I.
iii. Also, find the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at an axial point for
–
which x = R√3.
OR
i. State Huygen's principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is reflected from a surface. Hence
verify the law of reflection.
ii. A concave mirror of focal length 12 cm forms a three times magnified virtual image of an object. Find the
distance of the object from the mirror.

7/7
 Physics

FULL REVISION TEST 03

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.

3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based on one mark each, Section

B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one in

Section C, one in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the

choices in such questions.

6. The use of calculators is not allowed.

7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, ii. me = 9.1
x10^-31 kg, iii. e = 1.6 x 10^-19 C, iv. μ0 = 4π x 10^-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏, v. h = 6.63 x10^-34 Js, vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10^-12

𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐, vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎^𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

Section A
1. Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm. What is the [1]
mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6. 5 × 10 −7
C ? The radii of A and B are
negligible compared to the distance of separation.

a) 3. 5 × 10 −2
N b) −2
4. 5 × 10 N

c) 1. 5 × 10 −2
N d) −2
2. 5 × 10 N

2. The electric field between the plates of a fully charged capacitor is E. If a material of dielectric constant K is [1]
introduced between the plates, the electric field at a point between the plates

a) becomes zero b) remains unchanged

c) becomes E/K d) becomes EK

3. The voltage of clouds is 4 × 106 V with respect to the ground. In a lightning strike lasting 100 m sec, a charge [1]
of 4C is delivered to the ground. The power of the lightning strike is:

a) 500 MW b) 80 MW

c) 20 MW d) 160 MW
4. The ratio of the time period of alpha particle to that of a proton circulating with the same speed in the same [1]

1/7
 uniform magnetic field is:
–
a) 1 : 2 b) 1 : √2

–
c) 2 : 1 d) √2 : 1

5. The emf induced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field does not depend upon the following: [1]

a) Number of turns in the coil b) Area of the coil

c) Angular speed of rotation of the coil d) Resistance of the coil

6. Which of the following statements about a series LCR circuit connected to an ac source is correct? [1]

a) At resonance, the voltage drop across the b) At resonance, the voltage drop across the
inductor is more than that across the capacitor is more than that across the
capacitor. inductor.

c) If the net reactance (XL - XC) of circuit d) If the frequency of the source is increased,
becomes equal to its resistance, then the the impedance of the circuit first decreases
and then increases.
current leads the voltage by 45o.
7. A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the lens is covered by an opaque [1]
screen, then

a) no image will be formed b) complete image will be formed

c) intensity of the image will increase d) half the image will disappear
8. The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent light sources of intensity ratio n. In the interference [1]
Imax −Imin
pattern, the ratio Imax +Imin
will be

a) √n
b) 2√n

2 2
(n+1) (n+1)

c) √n
d) 2√n

n+1 n+1

o [1]
9. If light of wavelength 4000 A is incident on a sodium surface for which the threshold wavelength of
o
photoelectrons is 5420 A, then work-function of sodium is

a) 4.58 eV b) 0.57 eV

c) 1.14 eV d) 2.29 eV
10. The Bohr model of atom [1]

a) predicts continuous emission spectra for b) predicts the same emission spectra for all
atoms types of atoms

c) assumes that the angular momentum of d) uses Einstein's photoelectric equation

electrons is quantized
11. Nuclear binding energy is equivalent to: [1]

a) Mass of proton b) Mass of neutron

c) Mass of nucleus d) Mass defect of the nucleus

12. Semiconductors behave like insulators at ________ [1]

a) 273 K b) 0oC

2/7
 c) 0 K d) 300 K
13. Assertion (A): Units of electric dipole moment are Cm and units of torque are Nm. [1]
Reason (R): Electric dipole moment and torque are give by p = q (2a) and τ = force × distance respectively.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): Increasing the charge on the plates of a capacitor means increasing the capacitance. [1]
Reason (R): For a capacitor Q = CV ⇒ Q ∝ C.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
explanation of A correct explanation of A

c) A is true but R is false d) A is false and R is also false

15. Assertion (A): A current flows in a conductor only when there is an electric field within the conductor. [1]
Reason (R): The drift velocity of electrons in presence of electric field decreases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): Earth's magnetic field does not affect the working of a moving coil galvanometer. [1]
Reason (R): The earth's magnetic field is quite weak as compared to magnetic field produced in the moving coil
galvanometer.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. In a Young's double slit experimental set-up, the intensity of the light waves from two coherent sources are in the [2]
ratio of 9 : 1. Find the ratio of intensity of bright and dark fringes in the interference pattern.
18. Calculate the ratio of the accelerating potential required to accelerate a proton and an α-particle to have the same [2]
de-Broglie wavelength associated with them.
19. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV . What are the kinetic and potential energies of the [2]
electron in this state?
20. Distinguish between nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Give one example for each. [2]
OR
i. An electromagnetic wave is traveling in a medium, with a velocity v ⃗ = v^i . Draw a sketch showing the
propagation of the electromagnetic wave, indicating the direction of the oscillating electric and magnetic fields.
ii. How are the magnitudes of the electric and magnetic fields related to the velocity of the electromagnetic wave?
21. Explain the terms depletion layer and potential barrier in a p-n junction diode. How are the [2]
i. width of depletion layer, and
ii. value of potential barrier affected when the p-n junction is forward biased?
Section C
22. A spherical conductor of radius 12 cm has a charge of 1.6 × 10 −7
C distributed uniformly on its surface. [3]

3/7
 What is the electric field
a. inside the sphere?
b. just outside the sphere?
c. at a point 18 cm from the centre of the sphere?
23. A 600 pF capacitor is charged by a 200 V supply. It is then disconnected from the supply and is connected to [3]
another uncharged 600 pF capacitor. How much electrostatic energy is lost in the process?
24. For the circuit diagram of a Wheatstone bridge shown in the figure, use Kirchhoff's laws to obtain its balance [3]
condition.

25. Describe the working principle of a moving coil galvanometer. Why is it necessary to use [3]
i. a radial magnetic field and
ii. a cylindrical soft iron core in a galvanometer?
Write the expression for current sensitivity of the galvanometer.
26. Classify materials on the basis of their behaviour in a magnetic field. Under which category does iron come? [3]
How does the magnetic property of iron change with the increase of temperature?
OR
Identify electromagnetic waves which:
i. are used in radar system.
ii. affect a photographic plate.
iii. are used in surgery.
Write their frequency range.
27. Name the SI unit of magnetic flux and show that it equals volt-sec. Give three possible ways of producing an [3]
induced emf in a coil giving an example in each case.
28. When an ideal capacitor is connected to an a.c. source, show that the average power supplied by the source over [3]
a complete cycle is Zero.
Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer any four out of the following questions: [4]
Emf of a cell is the maximum potential difference between two electrodes of the cell when no current is drawn
from the cell. Internal resistance is the resistance offered by the electrolyte of a cell when the electric current
flows through it. The internal resistance of a cell depends upon the following factors; (i) distance between the
electrodes (ii) nature and temperature of the electrolyte (iii) nature of electrodes (iv) area of electrodes.

For a freshly prepared cell, the value of internal resistance is generally low and goes on increasing as the cell is
put to more and more use. The potential difference between the two electrodes of a cell in a closed circuit is

4/7
 called terminal potential difference and its value is always less than the emf of the cell in a closed circuit. It can
be written as V = ε − Ir .
i. The terminal potential difference of two electrodes of a cell is equal to emf of the cell when
a. I ≠ 0
b. I = 0
c. both I ≠ 0 and I = 0
d. neither I ≠ 0 and I = 0
ii. A cell of emf ε and internal resistance r gives a current of 0.5 A with an external resistance of 12Ω and a
current of 0.25 A with an external resistance of 25Ω . What is the value of internal resistance of the cell?
a. 5 Ω
b. 1 Ω
c. 7 Ω
d. 3 Ω
iii. Choose the wrong statement.
a. Potential difference across the terminals of a cell in a closed circuit is always less than its emf.
b. Internal resistance of a cell decrease with the decrease in temperature of the electrolyte.
c. Potential difference versus current graph for a cell is a straight line with a -ve slope.
d. Terminal potential difference of the cell when it is being charged is given as V = ε + Ir.
iv. An external resistance R is connected to a cell of internal resistance r, the maximum current flows in the
external resistance, when
i. R = r
ii. R < r
iii. R > r
iv. R = 1

v. IF external resistance connected to a cell has been increased to 5 times, the potential difference across the
terminals of the cell increases from 10 V to 30 V. Then, the emf of the cell is
a. 30 V
b. 60 V
c. 50 V
d. 40 V
30. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P , where f is in metre and P is
1
=
f

in dioptre. For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is negative. When a number of
thin lenses of powers P 1
, P2 , P3 , ... are held in contact with one another, the power of the combination is given
by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses i.e., P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....
i. A convex and a concave lens separated by distance d are then put in contact. The focal length of the
combination
a. becomes 0
b. remains the same
c. decreases
d. increases.

5/7
 ii. If two lenses of power +1.5 D and +1.0 D are placed in contact, then the effective power of combination will
be
a. 2.5 D
b. 1.5 D
c. 0.5 D
d. 3.25 D
iii. If the power of a lens is +5 dioptre, what is the focal length of the lens?
a. 10 cm
b. 20 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 5 cm
iv. Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination is
a. -10 D
b. -20 D
c. 10 D
d. 15 D
v. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
The system will be
a. converging in nature
b. diverging in nature
c. can be converging or diverging
d. None of the above
Section E
31. An electric dipole is placed in a uniform electric field: [5]
i. Show that no translatory force acts on it.
ii. Derive an expression for the torque acting on it.
iii. Find work done in rotating the dipole through 180°.
OR
Define the self-inductance of a coil. Obtain an expression for self-inductance of a long solenoid of cross-sectional
area A, length L having n turns for unit length. Prove that self-inductance is the analog of mass in mechanics.
32. From the network shown in Fig. find the value of the capacitance C if the equivalent capacitance between points [5]
A and B is to be 1 μ F. All the capacitances are in μ F.

OR
a. With the help of a labelled ray diagram, explain the construction and working of a Cassegrain reflecting
telescope.

6/7
 b. An amateur astronomer wishes to estimate roughly the size of the Sun using his crude telescope consisting of an
objective lens of focal length 200 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 10 cm. By adjusting the distance of the
eyepiece from the objective, he obtains an image of the Sun on a screen 40 cm behind the eyepiece. The diameter
of the Sun’s image is measured to be 6.0 cm. Estimate the Sun’s size, given that the average Earth-Sun distance is
1.5 × 1011 m.

33. i. Express Biot-Savart law in the vector form. [5]

ii. Use it to obtain the expression for the magnetic field at an axial point, distanced from the centre of a circular
coil of radius R carrying current I.
iii. Also, find the ratio of the magnitudes of the magnetic field of this coil at the centre and at an axial point for
–
which x = R√3.
OR
i. State Huygen's principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is reflected from a surface. Hence
verify the law of reflection.
ii. A concave mirror of focal length 12 cm forms a three times magnified virtual image of an object. Find the
distance of the object from the mirror.

7/7
 Solution

FULL REVISION TEST 03

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(c) 1. 5 × 10 −2
N

Explanation:
in the given question ; r= 50 cm = 50 x 10-2 cm
2
9 −7
| q1 || q2 | 9× 10 × (6.5× 10 )
1
F = =
4πε0 2 −2 2
r
(50× 10 )

−2
= 1.5 × 10 N

2.
(c) becomes E/K
Explanation:
Charge on the plates of the capacitor is q = CV
When a dielectric slab (dielectric constant, K) introduced between the plates of the capacitor, capacity of the capacitor becomes
K times that of it had in case of air. Thus, C(dielectric) = KC
Therefore, if dielectric slab is introduced then charge on the plates remain the same. But potential difference V° between the
plates decreases as
q = C(dielectric) V°
q q
or V° = C
= KC
= V

K
(dielectric)

Since K is greater than 1, therefore, V° < V

and electric field E = V

Here d is the distance between the plates of the capacitor. Therefore E°, electric field between the plates in presence of
dielectric slab,
∘

E° = V
= d
= V

Kd
E

That is E° < E.

3.
(d) 160 MW
Explanation:
W = qV = 4C × 4 × 106V = 16 × 106 J
6
W 16 × 10 t
P= t
=
−3
100 × 10 s

= 160 × 106 W = 160 MW

4.
(c) 2 : 1
Explanation:
2πm
T =
qB

Tα mα qp

∴ = ⋅
Tp mp qα

4mp
e
= ⋅ = 2 : 1
mp 2e

5.
(d) Resistance of the coil
Explanation:

1 / 10
 The emf induced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field does not depend on Resistance of the coil. The induced emf is influenced
by the area of the coil, the number of turns, and the angular speed of rotation.

6.
(d) If the frequency of the source is increased, the impedance of the circuit first decreases and then increases.
Explanation:
If the frequency of the source is increased, the impedance of the circuit first decreases and then increases.

7.
(b) complete image will be formed
Explanation:
Image formed will be complete when upper half of lens is blocked. Intensity of the image will decrease as the incident rays
from upper half are cut off.

8.
2√n
(d) n+1

Explanation:
2
I1 a a1 −
Here n = I2
=
1

2
⇒
a2
= √n
a
2
2 2
Imax − Imin k( a1 + a2 ) −k( a1 − a2 )
=
Imax + Imin 2 2
k( a1 + a2 ) +k( a1 − a2 )
a1
2( )
4a1 a2 a 2√n
2
= = =
2 2 2 n+1
2(a + a ) a
1 2 1
[ +1]
2
a
2

9.
(d) 2.29 eV
Explanation:
o
hc 12424eV A
W0 = =
λ0 o
5420 A
= 2.29 eV

10.
(c) assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized
Explanation:
Bohr's model of atoms assumes that the angular momentum of electrons is quantized.

11.
(d) Mass defect of the nucleus
Explanation:
Mass defect of the nucleus

12.
(c) 0 K
Explanation:
At 0 K temperature, all electrons of semiconductor are immovable from their shell as they do not have sufficient energy. So, no
free electron is available as charge carrier. This make the semiconductors to behave like insulators.

13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

2 / 10
14.
(d) A is false and R is also false
Explanation:
A is false and R is also false

15.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Before the presence of an electric field, the free electrons move randomly in the conductor, so their drift velocity is zero and
therefore there is no current in the conductor. In the presence of an electric field, each electron in the conductor experiences a
force in a direction opposite to the electric field. Now the free electrons are accelerated from the negative and to positive.

16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The field magnet used in a moving coil galvanometer is very strong. The earth's magnetic field is quite weak as compares to the
magnetic field produced by the field magnet. Practically the coil rotates under the effect of the strong magnetic file due to the
field magnet and the weak magnetic field due to the earth does not affect the working of the moving coil galvanometer.
Section B
I1 2

17. I2
=
a

2
=
9

1
a and b are amplitude of two weaves.
b
a 3
=
b 1
I 2 2
bright (a+b) (3b+b)
16b
2
4
= = = =
I 2 2 2 1
dork (a−b) (3b−b) 4b

18. de-Broglie matter wave equation for accelerating charged particle is given by
−−−−−
λ = h/√2mqV

where, h = Planck's constant

m = mass of charged particle
q = charge of charged particle
V = potential difference
Ratio of wavelengths of proton and α -particle
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
λp mα q Vα
α
⇒ = √( )( )( )
λα mp qp Vp

λp mα q Vα
α
∵ = 1, = 4, = 2, =?
λα mp qp Vp
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
1 = √4 × 2 × (V α
/Vp )

⇒ 1 = 8 × Vα /Vp ⇒ Vp /Vα = 8

⇒ Vp : Vα = 8 : 1

19. Here, ground state energy, E = -13.6 eV

2

Kinetic energy, E k
=
4πε0
1
⋅
e

2r

2
1 e
and Potential energy, E p = −
4πε0 r
[∵ Ep = −2Ek ]

Total energy, E = Ek + Ep
2 2
1 e 1 e
= ⋅ − ⋅
4πε0 2r 4πε0 r

2
1 1 e
E = − ( ⋅ )
2 4πε0 r

2
1 1 e
−13.6 = − ( ⋅ )
2 4πε0 r

2
1 e
∴ = 27.2
4πε0 r

2
1 e 27.2
∴ Ek = = eV = 13.6eV
4πε0 2r 2

2
1 e
Ep = − ⋅ = −27.2 eV
4πε0 r

20. Nuclear Fission Nuclear fusion

A heavy nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei with the Two light nuclei combine to form a heavy nucleus with
release of energy. release of energy.

3 / 10
 Example for Nuclear fusion
1 235 236 144 89 1
n + U→ U→ Ba + Kr + 3 n
0 92 92 56 36 0

Example for Nuclear fission

1 4 −
4 H→ He + 2v + 6γ + 26.7MeV + 2e
1 2

OR
i. Given: velocity, v ⃗ = v ^
i

This means electric field E will be along Y-axis and magnetic field B will be along Z-axis because the two fields are
perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. The figure below shows us the
propagation of the electro -magnetic wave.

ii. Speed of electromagnetic wave is given by :-

E0 E
c= =
B0 B

where E0 and B0 are the peak values of the electric (E⃗ ) and the magnetic (B⃗ ) vibrations respectively. E and B are
instantaneous values of electric (E⃗ ) and magnetic (B⃗ ) field vectors respectively.
21. Potential barrier: The accumulation of negative charges in the p-region and positive charges in the n-region sets up a potential
difference across the junction. This acts as a barrier and is called barrier potential.
Depletion layer: It is a layer of the immobile ion formed near the p-n junction by diffusion of majority charge carriers and
electron-hole recombination.
i. Width of the depletion layer decreases in forward bias.
ii. The value of the potential barrier reduces in forward bias.
Section C
22. Given, q = 1.6 × 10 −7
C

r = 0.12 m
a. Electric field is zero inside the sphere because charge reside on outer surface of conductor.
b. Electric field just outside the sphere is given by
q −7
1 9 1.6×10
E = = 9 × 10 ×
4πε0 2 2
r (0.12)

= 105 NC-1
c. At a point 0.18 m from the centre of the sphere
q −7
1 9 1.6×10
E = = 9 × 10 ×
4πε0 2 2
r (0.18)

4 −1
= 4.4 × 10 N C

23. Here C1 = 600 pF, V1 = 200 V,

C2 = 600 pF, V2 =0
Common potential,
−12
C1 V1 + C2 V2 600× 10 ×200+0
V = = = 100 V
C1 + C2 −12
(600+600)×10

Initial energy stored,

C1V12 = 600 × 10-12 × (200)2 = 12 × 10-6 J
1 1
Ui = U1 = 2 2
×

Final energy stored,

Uf = 1

2
(C1 + C2) V2 = 1

2
(600+600) × 10-12 × (100)2= 6 × 10-6 J
Electrostatic energy lost,
Δ U = Ui -Uf = 12 × 10-6 -6 × 10-6 = 6 × 10-6 J
24. In balanced Wheatstone bridge if no current flow through galvanometer, that means while applying Kirchhoff's law, we can
neglect this path. No current flows through the galvanometer G when circuit is balanced.

4 / 10
 Applying Kirchhoff's second rule, we have
In mesh ABDA,
∴ -I1 R1 + (I - I1) R4 = 0

⇒ I1 R1 = (I - I1) R4 ....(i)
In mesh BCDB,
-I1 R2 + (I - I1) R3 = 0
⇒ I1 R2 = (I - I1) R3 ...(ii)
On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
I1 R1 (I− I1 ) R4 R1 R4
= ⇒ =
I1 R2 (I− I1 ) R3 R2 R3

This is necessary and required balanced condition of balanced Wheatstone bridge.

25. A current-carrying coil, when placed in an external magnetic field, experiences magnetic torque. The angle through which the coil
is deflected due to the effect of the magnetic torque is proportional to the magnitude of current in the coil.
i. The radial magnetic field is used in a suspended coil galvanometer to provide a uniform torque on the coil because it provides
a uniform magnetic field. It ensures that the magnetic field is radial and uniform throughout the area of the coil.
ii. In order to produce magnetic field inside the galvanometer device, we can use any magnetic material but soft iron core is
especially used in galvanometer because Soft iron is ferromagnetic in nature which in turn strengthen the magnetic field lines,
and stronger the magnetic field lines passing through the coil larger
Expression for current sensitivity
θ
Is =
I

26. Classification of magnetic materials: On the basis of their behaviour in external magnetic fields, Faraday classified the various
substances into three categories:
i. Diamagnetic substances: Diamagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetisation in the opposite direction of
the magnetising field. Such substances are feebly repelled by magnets and tend to move from stronger to weaker parts of a
magnetic field. Examples. Bismuth, copper, lead, zinc, tin, gold, silicon, nitrogen (at STP), water, sodium chloride, etc.
ii. Paramagnetic substances: Paramagnetic substances are those which develop feeble magnetisation in the direction of the
magnetising field. Such substances are feebly attracted by magnets and tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of a
magnetic field. Examples. Manganese, aluminium, chromium, platinum, sodium, copper chloride, oxygen (it STP), etc.
iii. Ferromagnetic substances: Ferromagnetic substances are those which develop strong magnetisation in the direction of the
magnetising field. They are strongly attracted by magnets and tend to move from weaker to stronger parts of a magnetic field.
Examples. Iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium and alloys like alnico.
Iron is a ferromagnetic substance. As temperature increases, its magnetisation decreases due to the randomisation of its domains.
OR
1. Microwaves frequency 1 GHz-1000 GHz
2. Infrared rays frequency 300 GHz-400 THz
3. Ultraviolet rays frequency 800 THz-30000 THz
27. Solution. SI unit of magnetic flux is weber (Wb). By Faraday's law
dϕ
|ε| =
dt

1 weber
∴ 1 volt = or 1 weber = 1 volt -sec.
1 second
Magnetic flux linked with a closed coil is given by
ϕ = BA cos θ

Whenever changes, emf is induced. Hence emf may be produced by three methods:
i. By changing the magnetic field B, e.g., by changing the relative separation between a closed coil and magnet.
ii. By changing the area A of the closed coil, e.g., by moving a closed loop into and out of a region of magnetic field.

5 / 10
 iii. By changing the relative orientation 0 between a closed coil and a magnetic field, e.g., by rotating a closed coil about an axis
perpendicular to the magnetic field.
28. Average power associated with a capacitor: When an a.c. is applied to a capacitor, the current leads the voltage in phase by π

radian. So we write the expressions for instantaneous voltage and current as follows:
V = V0 sin ωt

and I = I 0 sin(ωt +
π

2
) = I0 cos ωt

Work done in the circuit in small time dt will be

dW = Pdt = VIdt = V0I0 sin ω t cos ω t dt
V0 I0
= sin 2ωtdt
2

The average power dissipated per cycle in the capacitor is

T V0 I0 T
Pav = W

T
=
1

T
∫
0
dW =
2T
∫
0
sin 2ωtdt

T
V0 I0 cos 2ωt
= [− ]
2T 2ω
0
T
V0 I0 4π
= − [cos t]
4T ω T
0
V0 I0
= − [cos 4π − cos 0]
4T ω
V0 I0
= − [1 − 1] = 0
4T ω

Thus the average power dissipated per cycle in a capacitor is zero.

Section D
29. i. (b)
ii. (b): As I = R+r
ε

In first case, I = 0.5 A; R = 12 Ω

0.5 =
ε

12+r
⇒ ε = 6.0 + 0.5r ...(i)
ε = 6.25 + 0.25r ....(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii), r = 1 Ω
iii. (b)
iv. (a): Current in the circuit I = R+r
E

Power deliverd to the resistance R is

2
E R
P=I 2
R=
2
(R+r)

It is maximum when dP

dR
=0
2
(r+R) −2R(r+R)
dP

dR
= E
2
[
4
] =0
(r+R)

or (r + R)2 = 2R(r + R) or R = r
v. (b): For first case, = ...(i) R+r
ε 10

For second case, 5R+r

ε
=
5R
30

Dividing (i) by (ii), we get r = 5R

10
From (i), =
R+5R
E

E = 60 V
30. i. (d)
ii. (a): P = P1 + P2 = 1.5 + 1.0 = 2.5 D
iii. (b): f =
1

P
=
1

5
m = +20 cm

1 1
iv. (a): P = P1 + P2 =
f1
+
f2

100 100
= + = −10D
10 −5
100 100
v. (b): P = P1 + P2 =
f1
+
f2

100 100
P = + = −1D
25 −20

As the power is negative, the system will be diverging.

Section E

6 / 10
31. The electric dipole of charges + q and - q separated by distance 2a is shown in the figure.

It is placed in a uniform electric field at an angle θ with it.

i. Force on charge +q, F ⃗ 1 = qE
⃗
in the direction of E⃗ Force on charge −q, F ⃗
2 = −qE
⃗
in the opposite direction of E⃗
∴ Net translatory force on dipole = F ⃗ 1
⃗
+ F2

→
⃗ ⃗
= +qE − qE = 0

Hence, no translatory force acts on it.

ii. But the two equal, parallel and unlike forces form a couple which rotates the dipole in a direction, thus the moment of the
couple is known as torque which is given by:
τ = Force× perpendicular distance between the two forces

τ = qE × 2asin θ

τ = pEsin θ
where, p = q × 2a = dipole moment.
iii. Work done in rotating the dipole through 180° is given by:
w = ∫ dW
∘ ∘
180 180
w=∫ 0
τ dθ = pE ∫
0
∘ sin θdθ
∘

w = pE[− cos θ] 180

0
′

w = −pE [cos 180 ∘

− cos 0 ]
∘

W = pE [1 + 1] = 2pE
OR
The self-inductance of a coil is equal to the induced emf set up in the coil when the current passing through it changes at the unit
rate
The SI unit of self-inductance is henry. Consider a long solenoid of length l, area of crosssection A with N number of closely
wound turns. If I is the amount of current flowing through the solenoid, then magnetic field B inside the solenoid will be:
μ0 N I
B= l

Now magnetic flux through each turn of the solenoid is:

2
μ0 N AI
ϕ = BA = l

Since ϕ = LI
2
μ N AI
LI = 0

l
2
μ0 N A
Hence, L = l

If a coil of wire with few turns around metal core carries a charge is passed through. The current will create a magnetic field that
runs through the center of the coil pointing downward. If the current is stopped suddenly, then the magnitude of the magnetic field
tends to be zero.
It is known that changing magnetic fields will influence the charges in loops of wire. If the magnitude of the magnetic field in the
coil approaches to zero, it induces a voltage in the coil which creates the magnetic field. So as per Lenz's law, the voltage induced
by changing the magnetic field gives rise to a current which counteracts the changes. Mathematically, the voltage across the
inductor, the loop of coil, is
VInd = L , dI

dt

The force above expression looks similar to the expression of

dv
F=m dt

Now, EInd = 1

2
LI
2

EKinetic = 1

2
mv
2

From the above description, there appears an analogy between mechanical motion and flow of electricity. Here, self-inductance L
and mass m, both provide inertia that will resist in changing the current I or velocity v suddenly.
32. Capacitors C2 and C3 form a parallel combination of equivalent capacitance,
C8 = C2 + C3 = 2 + 2 = 4 μF

7 / 10
Capacitors C4 and C5 form a series combination of capacitance C9 given by
1 1 1 1 1 3 1
= + = + = =
C9 C4 C5 12 6 12 4

∴ C9 =4 μF
The equivalent circuit can be shown as in Fig.

Capacitors C1 and C8 form a series combination of capacitance C10 given by

C1 C8 8×4 32 8
C10 = = = = μF
C1 + C8 8+4 12 3

Capacitors C6 and C9 form a parallel combination of capacitance.

C11 = C6 + C9 = 4 + 4 = 8 μF
The given network reduces to the equivalent circuit

Again, capacitors C7 and C11 form a series combination of capacitance C12 given by
C7 × C11 1×8 8
C12 = = = μF
C7 + C11 1+8 9

Now C10 and C12 form a parallel combination of capacitance C13 as shown in Fig.
8 8 32
C13 = C10 + C12 = + = μF
3 9 9

Finally, the capacitors C and C13 form a series combination of capacitance 1 μF as shown in Fig.

1
=
C
1
+
9

32
or C = 32

23
μF

OR

a.

It consists for large concave (primary) paraboidal mirror having in its central part a hole. There is a small convex (secondary)
mirror near the focus of concave mirror. Eye pieces if placed near the hole of the concave mirror.

8 / 10
 The parallel rays from distance object are reflected by the large concave mirror. These rays fall on the convex mirror which
reflects these rays outside the hole. The final magnified image in formed.
b. For eyepiece.
1 1 1
− =
ve ue fe

or 1

ue
=
ve
1
−
f
1
=
1

40
−
10
1

e
40
ue = cm
3

Magnification produced by eye pieces is

ve 40
me = = = 3
| ue | 40

Diameter of the image formed by the objective is

6
d = = 2 cm
3

If D be the diameter of the SUN then the angle subtended by it on the objective will be
D
α = rad
11
1.5×10

Angle subtended by the image at the objective

= angle subtended by the SUN
size of image
∴ α =
fo
=
2

200
=
1

100
rad .
D 1
∴ =
11 100
1.5×10

or
D = 1.5 × 109 m
33. i. According to Biot savart law magnetic field inversely proportional to the square of the distance r. Its direction is
→
perpendicular to the plane containing dl and r ⃗.
−
→
−→
μ0 dI × r ⃗
In vector notation, dB =
4π
I
3
r

ii.

−
→
−→ μ | dI × r |⃗
We have, dB = 0
I
4π r3

r2 = x2 + R2
μ I
∴ dB = 4π
0 dl

2
(x2 + R )

We need to add only the components of dB along the axis of the coil.
μ
Hence, B = ∫ ⋅ cos θ and cosθ =
4π
0 Idl

3/2
R

2 1/2
2 2 2
(x + R ) (x + R )

μ0 (Idl)R
=∫ 4π 3/2
integrate over 0 to 2πR
2 2
(x + R )

2
μ0 I R
= 3/2
2 2
2(x + R )

2
μ0 I R
⃗ ^
∴ B = i
2 3/2
2
2(x + R )

2
μ iR μ i
iii. At centre of coil: x = 0 ⇒ B1 = o

3
=
2R
o

2R
2 2 2 2
– μ iR μ iR μ iR μ iR μ i
At R√3 = x ⇒ B2 = o

3/2
= o

3/2
=
o

3
=
o

3
= o

16R
2 2 2 2(2R) 16R
2(R +3R ) 2(4R )

∴ B1 : B2 = 8 : 1
OR
i. Huygen’s principle Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from
these points spread out in all directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the wavefront are usually
referred to as secondary wavelets, a common tangent to all these spheres gives the new position of the wavefront at a later

9 / 10
 time.

Verification of law of reflection

In △AEC & △CBA
EC = AB (c x t each)
∠AEC = ∠ CBA (90o each)
AC = AC (common side)
By RHS congruency △AEC ≅ΔCBA
⇒ ∠i = ∠r

Hence the law of reflection is verified.

ii. m = +3, f = -12 cm, u = ?
m = − = 3 ⇒ v = -3u
v

using mirror formula

1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
+ =
−3u u −12

u = -8 cm
Hence the distance of the object from the mirror is 8 cm

10 / 10
 AK Physics Classes

FULL REVISION TEST 04

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

(1) There are 35 questions in all. All questions are compulsory

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D, and Section E. All the sections

are compulsory.
(3) Section A contains eighteen MCQs of 1 mark each, Section B contains seven questions of two

marks each, Section C contains five questions of three marks each, Section D contains three long questions of

five marks each, and Section E contains two case study-based questions of 4 marks each.

(4) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in sections B, and C. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

(5) Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. 1 C charge is equivalent to charge on how many numbers of protons? [1]

a) 8.25 × 1020 b) 7.25 × 1018

c) 6.25 × 1018 d) 9.25 × 1020

2. If a charge q is placed at the centre of the line joining two equal charges Q such that the system is in equilibrium, [1]
then the value of q is :
Q Q
a) − b)
2 4

Q Q
c) − 4
d) 2

3. Capacitors are used in electrical circuits where appliances need more: [1]

a) watt b) resistance

c) voltage d) current
4. The internal resistance of a cell: [1]

a) always acts in the cell in open circuit b) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the
EMF

c) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the d) always acts in the cell in close circuit
current
5. To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, we connect: [1]

a) high resistance in parallel b) low resistance in parallel

c) high resistance in series d) low resistance in series

6. The magnetic field in a circular loop of diameter 0.1 m carrying a current of 1 A is [1]

1/6
 a) 3. 8 × 10 −5
T b) 4. 4 × 10
−5
T

c) 1.25 × 10 −5
T d) 2. 8 × 10
−5
T

7. Which of the following has its permeability less than that of free space? [1]

a) Copper b) Nickel

c) Copper chloride d) Aluminium

8. The amplitude of the sinusoidally oscillating electric field of the plane wave is 60 V/m. Then the amplitude of [1]
the magnetic field is:

a) 2 × 10 −7
T b) 6 × 10
−7
T

c) 6 × 10 7
T d) 2 × 10 T
7

9. A circuit has a resistance of 12 ohm and an impedance of 15 ohm. The power factor of the circuit will be [1]

a) 0 ⋅ 8 b) 1 ⋅ 125

c) 0 ⋅ 4 d) 1 ⋅ 25

10. A 100 mH coil carries a current of 1 A. Energy stored in the form of the magnetic field is [1]

a) 1 J b) 0.1 J

c) 0.5 J d) 0.05 J
11. In forward bias, the value of a potential barrier in a p-n junction diode [1]

a) remains constant b) increases

c) decreases d) first remains constant then decreases

12. Time taken by sunlight to pass through a window of thickness 4 mm whose refractive index is 3

2
is [1]

a) 2 × 10-11 s b) 2 × 1011 s

c) 2 × 10-8 s d) 2 × 10-4 s

13. De-Broglie wavelength λ associated with neutrons is related with absolute temperature T as [1]

a) λ ∝
1
b) λ ∝ T
2

√T

c) λ ∝
1

T
d) λ ∝ T

14. The potential energy of an electron in the second excited state in hydrogen atom is: [1]

a) - 3.4 eV b) -6.8 eV

c) -3.02 eV d) -1.51 eV
15. In the reaction 2
1
H+
3
1
H →
4
2
He +
1
0
n , if the mass of
2
1 H ,
3
1 H and
4
2H are respectively a, b and c (in [1]
MeV), then the energy (in MeV) released in this reaction is

a) c - a - b b) c + a - b

c) a + b - c d) a + b + c
16. Assertion (A): A p-n junction cannot be formed by joining a slab of p-type semiconductor and a slab of n-type [1]
semiconductor.
Reason (R): There will not be continuous contact at the atomic level between the p-type slab and the n-type
slab.

2/6
 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

17. Assertion (A): The maximum intensity in the interference pattern is four times the intensity due to each slit. [1]
Reason (R): Intensity is directly proportional to the square of the amplitude.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Threshold frequency depends on intensity of light. [1]
Reason (R): Greater is the photon frequency, greater is the energy of a photon.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
19. Electromagnetic waves with wavelength [2]
i. λ , are used to treat muscular strain
1

ii. λ , are used by a FM radio station for broadcasting.

2

Identify and name the part of electromagnetic spectrum to which these radiations belong. Arrange these
wavelengths in decreasing order of magnitude.
20. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is -0.085. Identify the magnetic type of the substance. A specimen of [2]
this material is kept in a uniform magnetic field. Draw the modified field pattern.
21. Define atomic mass unit and electron volt. Derive the relation between them. [2]
OR
Explain the significance of negative energy of electron in an orbit.
22. Double-convex lenses are to be manufactured from a glass of refractive index 1.55, with both faces of the same [2]
radius of curvature. What is the radius of curvature required if the focal length is to be 20cm?
23. a. In n-type semiconductor, explain how the crystal is electrically neutral although electrons are the majority [2]
carriers in it.
b. Write the conditions under which two light sources are said to be coherent.
24. White light consists of waves of wavelengths between 400 nm to 700 nm. What will be the wavelength range if [2]
this goes through water (μ = 1.33)?
25. Define electric field intensity. What is its SI unit? What is relation between electric field and force? [2]
Section C
26. Define current sensitivity and voltage sensitivity of a galvanometer. Increasing the current sensitivity may not [3]
necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity of galvanometer. Justify.
27. i. Distinguish between n-type and p-type semiconductors on the basis of energy band diagrams. [3]
ii. Compare their conductivities at absolute zero temperature and at room temperature.
28. Derive the expression for the average power dissipated in a series LCR circuit for an ac source of a voltage, V = [3]
Vm sin ωt, carrying a current, i = im sin (ωt + ϕ)
Hence define the term Wattless current. State under what condition it can be realized in a circuit.

3/6
 OR
Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π

2
in an AC circuit containing an ideal capacitor.
29. A proton and an α-particle are accelerated through the same potential. Which of the two has (i) greater value of [3]
de-Broglie wavelength associated with it and (ii) less kinetic energy? Justify your answer.
30. An electron is in the third excited state in a hydrogen atom. It undergoes transitions to the lower energy states. [3]
a. What is the maximum number of spectral lines that can be emitted?
b. Calculate the minimum wavelength of the spectral lines emitted.
Section D
31. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
The lens maker's formula is a relation that connects focal length of a lens to radii of curvature of two surfaces of
the lens and refractive index of the material of the lens. It is 1

f
= (μ − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
) , where μ is refractive
index of lens material w.r.t. the medium in which lens is held. As μ v
> μr , therefore, f r
> fv . Mean focal
−−−−−−
length of lens for yellow colour is f = √fr × fv .
i. Focal length of a equiconvex lens of glass μ = 3

2
in air is 20 cm. The radius of curvature of each surface is
a. 10 cm
b. 15 cm
c. 20 cm
d. 25 cm
ii. A substance is behaving as convex lens in air and concave in water, then its refractive index is
a. greater than air but less than water
b. greater than both air and water
c. smaller than air
d. almost equal to water
iii. For a thin lens with radii of curvatures R1 and R2, refractive index n and focal length f, the factor

(
1

R1
−
1

R2
) is equal to

a.
1

f(n−1)

b. f(n - 1)
(n−1)
c. f

d.
n

f(n−1)

iv. A given convex lens of glass (μ = 3

2
) can behave as concave when it is held in a medium of \mu equal to

a. 1
b. 3

c. 2

d. 7

v. The radii of curvature of the surfaces of a double convex lens are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively, and its focal
length is 20 cm. What is the refractive index of the material of the lens?
a. 5

b. 4

c. 5

d. 4

4/6
32. Read the case study given below and answer ANY FOUR of the questions that follow: [4]
Mutual inductance is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil, due to a change of current in the neighbouring
coil. The amount of mutual inductance that links one coil to another depends very much on the relative
positioning of the two coils, their geometry and relative separation between them. Mutual inductance between
the two coils increases μ times if the coils are wound over an iron core of relative permeability μ .
r r

Based on the information given above, answer the following questions:

i. A short solenoid of radius a, number of turns per unit length n1, and length L is kept coaxially inside a very
long solenoid of radius b, number of turns per unit length n2. What is the mutual inductance of the system?

a. μ 2
0 πb n1 n2 L

b. μ 0 πa
2 2
n1 n2 L

c. μ 0 πa
2
n1 n2 L

d. μ 2
0 πb n1 n2 L
2

ii. If a change in current of 0.01A in one coil produces a change in magnetic flux of 2 × 10-2 weber in another
coil, then the mutual inductance between coils is
a. 0
b. 0.5 H
c. 2 H
d. 3 H
iii. Mutual inductance of two coils can be increased by
a. decreasing the number of turns in the coils
b. increasing the number of turns in the coils
c. winding the coils on wooden cores
d. none of these.
iv. When a sheet of iron is placed in between the two co-axial coils, then the mutual inductance between the
coils will
a. increase
b. decrease
c. remains same
d. cannot be predicted
v. The SI unit of mutual inductance is
a. ohm
b. mho
c. henry
d. none of these
Section E
33. i. Three point charges q, -4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side l as shown [5]
in the figure. Obtain the expression for the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge q.

5/6
 ii. Find out the amount of the work done to separate the charges at infinite distance.
OR
Show that the potential energy of a dipole making angle θ with the direction of the field is given by U (θ) ⃗
= −P ⋅ E
⃗
.
Hence find out the amount of work done in rotating it from the position of unstable equilibrium to the stable
equilibrium.
34. i. Define the term conductivity of a metallic wire. Write its SI unit. [5]
ii. Using the concept of free electrons in a conductor, derive the expression for the conductivity of wire in terms
of number density and relaxation time. Hence obtain the relation between current density and the applied
electric field E.
OR
Find the emf (ε ) and internal resistance (r0) of a battery which is equivalent to a parallel combination of two
0

batteries of emfs ε and ε and internal resistances r1 and r2 respectively, with polarities as shown in the figure.
1 2

35. i. State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the [5]
corresponding reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle
of incidence.
ii. What are the coherent sources of light? Can two independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources?
Explain.
iii. A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm and an unknown wavelength λ , used in Young's
double slit experiment produces two interference patterns such that the fourth bright fringe of unknown
wavelength coincides with the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value of λ .
OR
i. Draw a ray diagram of an astronomical refracting telescope in normal adjustment. Obtain an expression for its
magnifying power. How can we increase the magnifying power of the telescope?
ii. A beam of light converges at a point P. A lens is placed in the path of the beam at a distance of 25 cm from P. The
final image is formed at infinity. Calculate the power of the lens.

6/6
 Solution

FULL REVISION TEST 04

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.

Explanation:
As we know that,
q = ne
q
∴ No of protons, n =
e
1
=
−19
1.6×10

= 6.25× 1018

2.
Q
(c) − 4

Explanation:
Two equal charges of Q each are placed at the points A and B at a distance r apart and the charge q, at the centre C of the line
joining the two equal charges as shown in the figure.

Let us first consider the equilibrium of the charge Q placed at point A. Let FB and FC be the forces on it due to the charges at
the points B and C. For the equilibrium of charge Q at the point A, the net force on it must be zero i.e.
FB + FC = 0
1 Q×Q 1 Q×q
⋅ + ⋅ = 0
4πε0 2 4πε0 2
r (r/2)

or Q + 4 q = 0
Q
or q = − 4

It follows that the forces due to charges at the points A and B on the charge q are equal and opposite and hence it will also be in
equilibrium.

3.
(d) current
Explanation:
Capacitor is a device to store charge. It is used in appliances where more current is needed.

4.
(c) acts only in closed circuit and it reduces the current
Explanation:
The internal resistance of a cell acts only in a closed circuit and it reduces the current.

5.
(b) low resistance in parallel
Explanation:
To convert a galvanometer into an ammeter, we connect a low resistance in parallel with it.

6.
(c) 1.25 × 10 −5
T

Explanation:

1 / 10
 μ0 I −7
4π× 10 ×1
B= =
2r 0.1

−6
= 12.56 × 10

−5
= 1.25 × 10 T

7. (a) Copper
Explanation:
as Copper is diamagnetic substance.
8. (a) 2 × 10 T −7

Explanation:
Eo 60 −7
Bo = = = 2 × 10 T
c 8
(3× 10 )

9. (a) 0 ⋅ 8
Explanation:
Power factor cosϕ = R

Here, R = 12 ohm and Z = 15 ohm

∴ power factor = =0⋅8 12

15

10.
(d) 0.05 J
Explanation:
U= 1

2
LI2
= 1

2
× 100 × 10-3 × (1)2 = 0.05 J

11.
(c) decreases
Explanation:
In forward biasing, the width of the potential barrier decreases.

12. (a) 2 × 10-11 s

Explanation:
= 2 × 108 ms-1
8
c 3×10
vg = μ
=
3

= 2 × 10-11 s
−3

t= x

vg
=
4×10

8
2×10

13. (a) λ ∝ 1

√T

Explanation:
3
K = kT
2
h h 1
∴ λ = = ⇒ λ ∝
√2mK √3mkT √T

14.
(c) -3.02 eV
Explanation:
-3.02 eV

15. (c) a + b - c
Explanation:

= (a + b) - c
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
o

Any slab, howsoever flat, will have roughness much larger than the inter-atomic crystal spacing (∼ 2 to 3 A) and hence
continuous contact at the atomic level will not be possible. The junction will behave as a discontinuity for the flowing charge

2 / 10
 carriers.
So, the assertion and reason both are true and the reason properly explains the assertion.
17.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Suppose the amplitude of waves from each slit is a. Therefore, intensity due to each slit - a2. When interference is destructive,
the resultant amplitude = a - a = 0
∴ Minimum intensity = 0

When interference is constructive the resultant amplitude

= a + a = 2a
Maximum intensity = (2a)2 = 4a2
= 4 times the intensity due to each slit.

18.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
A is false but R is true.

Section B
19. i. λ belongs to Infrared radiations.
1

ii. λ belongs to radiowaves.

2

The arrangement of wavelengths in decreasing order of magnitude are λ > λ 2 1

20. As the susceptibility has a small negative value, so the given material is diamagnetic in nature. When a specimen of this material
is placed in a uniform magnetic field, the lines of force get expelled from it as shown in figure.

21. Electron volt: It is defined as the energy gained by an electron when accelerated through a potential difference of 1 volt.
Atomic mass unit: It is defined as one-twelfth the mass of one atom of carbon-12.
The relation between Electron volt and Atomic mass unit
Since,
1 amu = 1.67 × 10 eV −27

We know that,
Energy, E = mc2
E = 1.67 × 10−27 × (3 × 108)2
E = 1.50 × 10−10J
2
−27 8
1.67× 10 × (3× 10 )

or E = −19
1.6⋅10

E = 9.39 × 108eV
OR
The energy of an electron in the orbit of an atom is negative. It shows that electron is bound to the nucleus. Greater is the value of
negative energy, more tightly the electron is bound to the nucleus. Since the negative energy of electron is maximum in first orbit
of an atom, therefore, the electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus in the innermost orbit. With the increase in the number of
quantised orbit, the negative energy of electron decreases and hence binding of nucleus on the electron decreases. This shows that
the electrons in the outermost orbit of an atoms are least bound to the nucleus.
22. Given: μ = 1.55 , f = 20 cm
The radius of curvature of one face of the lens = R1
Radius of curvature of the other face of the lens = R2
Radius of curvature of the double-convex lens = R
∴ R = R and R = −R
1 2

3 / 10
 The value of R can be calculated using lens-maker formula as:
1 1 1
= (μ − 1) [ − ]
f R1 R2

1 1 1
= (1.55 − 1) [ + ]
20 R R

1 2
= 0.55 ×
20 R

∴ R = 0.55 × 2 × 20 = 22cm

23. a. Crystal is electrically neutral as the charge of additional electrons provided by donor impurity is just equal and opposite to that
of the ionised cores in the lattice.
b. i. The waves from two light sources should have zero or constant phase difference.
ii. The waves should be of same frequency/wavelength.
24. When λ = 400 nm,
400
λ = w =
λ

μ
= 300 nm1.33

When λ = 700 nm,

700
λ = w =
λ

μ
= 525 nm 1.33

Thus the wavelength of white light in water varies from 300 nm to 525 nm.
25. The intensity of electric field at a point is defined as the electric force experienced by the test charge qo placed at that point.
Unit of electric field strength is Newton/Coulomb.
The strength and direction of the force depend on the strength and direction of the electric field at the object's location.
Section C
26. Current sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection of coil per unit current flowing on it.
Current Sensitivity,
θ N AB
Sθ = =
I C

Voltage sensitivity: It is defined on the deflection of coil per unit potential difference across its ends.
Voltage Sensitivity,
θ N AB
SV = =
V GC

Where G is resistance of galvanometer.

Justification: When number of turns N is doulbed, then the current sensitivity (∝ N ) is doubled; but at the same time, the
N
resistance of galvanometer coil (G) will also be doubled, So voltage sensitivity (S V ∝
G
) will remain unchanged; hence
increasing current sensitivity does not necessarily increase the voltage sensitivity.
27. i. In n-type semiconductor, the donor energy level ED is slightly below the bottom EC of the conduction band and electrons from
this level move into conduction band with a very small supply of energy. Fermi-level shifts towards the conduction band
where higher number of electrons are available for conduction. In a n-type semiconductor, energy gap decreases.

In p-type semiconductor, the acceptor energy level EA is above the top EV of the valence band, therefore with a small supply
of energy, the electrons can jump from valence band to acceptor energy level. Fermi levels shift closer to the valence bond
because holes are the majority carriers. In a p-type semiconductor, energy band increases.
ii. At absolute zero temperature (0 K) conduction band of semiconductor is completely empty, i.e., σ = 0 .

Hence, the semiconductor behaves as an insulator. At room temperature, some valence electrons acquire enough thermal

4 / 10
 energy and jump to the conduction band where they are free to conduct electricity. Thus, the semiconductor acquires a small
conductivity at room temperature.
28. V = Vm sin ωt
i = im sin (ωt + ϕ)
Power at any instant
P = Vi = Vmim sin ωt Sin (ωt + ϕ)
Vm im
P= 2
[cos ϕ - cos (2ωt + ϕ)]
The average of the second term in the above expression is zero over a full cycle.
Vm im
∴ power dissipated in a series LCR circuit is given by = P¯ = 2
cos ϕ

Vm im
¯
P = × cos ϕ
√2 √2

¯
∴ P = Vnms Irms cos ϕ

Wattles's current is that which flows in the circuit but no power dissipation occurs.
It is realized only when the circuit is purely inductive or capacitive, i.e., when cos ϕ = 0 or ϕ = ±π

OR
Let us consider a capacitor C connected to an AC source as shown below:

Let the AC voltage applied by

V = V sin ωt ....(i)
m
q
Now, V =
C

Applying Kirchhoff's loop rule, we have

q
Vm sin ωt = ⇒ q = C Vm sin ωt
C
dq
Also, i = dt
⇒ i =
d

dt
C (Vm sin ωt)

i = ωC Vm cos ωt ...(ii)
We know that cos ωt = sin(ωt + π/2)
In the equation (i)
Vm = im XC = im
1

ωC
, where XC being capacitive reactance of the circuit
⇒ im = Vm ωC ...(iii), where im is the peak value of the current.
Substituting the values of Eqs. (iii) in Eq. (ii), we get
) ....(iv)
π
i = i sin(ωt +
m
2

From equations (i) and (iv) it is clear that the phase difference between voltage and current is π /2.
The phase diagram which shows the current lead the voltage in phase by 900 is given below

29. From de-Broglie matter wave equation,

h
λ =
p
−−−−
But, p = √2mK and K = qV
1
⇒ λ ∝
√mq

i. Using de-Broglie wavelength formula, we already know that proton and alpha particle are accelerated through the same
potential. So, their velocities are same.
Ratio of wavelengths of proton and α -particle,
−−−−−−−−−
λp −
m−−
q− mα q
α α α
= √ = √( )( )
λα mp qp mp qp

5 / 10
 But,
mα qα
= 4, = 2
mp qp

λp −−−− −− –
= √(4) × 2 = 2√2
λa
–
⇒ λp : λα = 2√2 : 1

Proton have greater de-Broglie wavelength associated with it.

ii. Kinetic energy, K = qV
Kp qp

⇒
Ka
= (
q
) (for same accelerating voltage)
α

Kp
1 1
= ⇒ Kp = Kα
Kα 2 2

Thus, proton has less kinetic energy.

30.

1 1 1
as λ
= R(
2
−
2
)
n n
1 2

1 1 1 15R
= R( − ) =
λmin 2 2 16
1 4
16 16
λmin = =
15R 7
15×1.09×10

= 0.978 × 10-7 m
= 97.8 nm
Section D
31. i. (c): 1

f
= (μ − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
)

For equiconvex lens, R 1 = R, R2 = −R

1 3 2 1
= ( − 1) ( ) =
20 2 R R

R = 20 cm
ii. (a): When a lens is immersed in a medium whose refractive index is greater than that of the lens, its nature changes. Here the
lens changes its nature when immersed in water it means its refractive index is less than that of water.
iii. (a): According to lens maker's formula
1 1 1 1 1 1
= (n − 1) ( − ) ∴ ( − ) =
f R1 R2 R1 R2 f (n−1)

μg

iv. (d): f
1
= (
μm
− 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
)
m

The given lens would behave as concave when fm becomes negative, for which μ m > μg .
Choice (d) is correct.
v. (c): Here, R1 = 20 cm, R2 = -40 cm, f = 20 cm
Using lens maker's formula we get,
1 1 1 1 3 5
= (μ − 1) ( + ); = (μ − 1) ⇒ μ=
20 20 40 20 40 3

32. i. (c) The mutual inductance of the system is M = μ 2

0 n1 n2 π a L

ii. (c) Here, ϕ = 2 × 10 Wb, I = 0.01 A

B
−2

As ϕ = MI B

∴ Mutual inductance between two coils is

−2
ϕB 2× 10 Wb
M= I
= = 2H
0.01 A

μ μ N1 N2 A
iii. (b) Mutual inductance of coils, M = 0 r

It is clear that the mutual inductance of coils can be increased by increasing the number of turns in the coils.

6 / 10
 iv. (a) We know that the mutual inductance depends (directly proportional) on the permeability of the medium surrounding the
coils. When the permeability of the medium is increased by inserting a sheet of iron, then the mutual inductance between the
coils also increases.
v. (c) Henry Section E
33. i. Consider the figure shown below. The forces acting on charge q at A due to charges -4q at B and 2q at C are F1 along AB and
F2 along CA respectively.

2 2
(4q)(q) (4q ) q
|F ⃗ | =
1
4πε0
1

2
= 1

4πε0 2
= πε0
1

2
l l l
2
(2q)(q) q
|F ⃗ | =
2
4πε0
1

2
= 1

2πε0 2
l l

Thus, F1 = 2F2

Now angle between F ⃗ and F ⃗ is 120o. Thus magnitude of the resultant force F is given by,
1 2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

F = √F 1
1
2
+ F2 + 2F1 F2 cos 120
∘

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
F = √(2F 2) + F
2
2
+ 4F
2
2
cos 120
∘

−−−−−−−−−−−−

F = √4F 2
2
+ F2 − 2F2
2 2

−−−

F = √3F 2
2

2
√3 q
F= 2πε0 2
l

ii. The amount of work done to separate the charges to infinity will be equal to negative of potential energy of the system of charges.
-U = [q × (-4q) + (q × 2q) + (-4q × 2q)]
1

4π ε0 l

-U = 1

4π ε0 l
[-4q2 + 2q2 - 8q2]
-U = 1

4π ε0 l
[-10q2]

[10q2]
1
U= 4π ε0 l

OR
The potential energy of an electric dipole in an electric field is defined as the work done in bringing the dipole from infinity to its
present pasition in the electric field.
Suppose the dipole is brought from infinity and placed at orientation θ with the direction of electric field. The work done in this
process may be supposed to be done in two parts.
i. The work done (W1) in bringing the dipole perpendicular to electric field from infinity.
ii. Work done (W2) in rotating the dipole such that it finally makes an angle θ from the direction of electric field.

Let us suppose that the electric dipole is brought from infinity in the region of a uniform electric field such that its dipole
moment P ⃗always remains perpendicular to electric field. The electric forces an charges +q and -q are qE and qE, along the

7 / 10
 field direction and opposite to field direction respectively.

As charges +q and -q traverse equal distance under equal and opposite forces; therefore, net work done in bringing the dipole
in the region of electric field perpendicular to field-direction will be zero, i.e., W1 = 0.
Now the dipole is rotated and brought to orientation making an angle θ with the field direction
(i.e., θ = 90o and θ = θ ), therefore, work done W2 = pE (cos θ - cos θ ) = pE (cos 90o - cos θ) = -pE cos θ
0 1
∘ ∘
1

∴ Total work done in bringing the electric dipole from infinity, i.e., Electric potential energy of electric dipole
U = W1 + W2 = 0 - pE cos θ = pE cos θ ∘

In vector form U = −p ⃗ ⋅ E⃗
For rotating dipole from position of unstable equilibrium (θ = 18o) to the stable equilibrium (θ = 0o)
∘

∴ Wreq = pE (cos 180o - cos 0o)

pE(-1 -1) = -2pE
34. The property of a material that allows flows of electrons (or any charged particle) between two points of the material when a
potential difference is applied between these two points is called conductivity of a wire.
SI unit of conductivity: Siemens per metre

Drift velocity of electrons in a conductor is given as

v =
d ....... (1)
eEτ

where,
E = electric field set up across a conductor
m = mass of electron
τ = average relaxation time

Now the current flowing the conductor can be derived as

We know that
l = neAvd ..... (2)
n → Number of free electrons per unit volume or number density
Now from equation (1) and (2), we get
2
n e AτE
I =
m
...... (3)
Since resistivity of a conductor is given as
m
ρ =
2
ne τ

Now, we know that conductivity of a conductor is mathematically defined as the reciprocal of resistivity of the conductor. Thus,
ρ = ....... (4)
1

where, σ = conductivity of the conductor. Thus, from equation (3) and (4), we get
2
ne τ
σ = ....... (5)
m

Now, from equation (3) and (5), we have

I

A
= σE ....... (6)
and current density is given as
J= I

Thus, J = σ E

8 / 10
 OR
Suppose we connect a resistance R between points A and B. Then the circuit will be of the form as shown in the figure.

Applying Kirchhoff's first law at junction A,

I = I1 - I2 ...(i)
Applying Kirchhoff's second law,
ε = I1r1 + IR
1

or IR = ε - I1r1 ...(ii)
1

and ε = Ir2 - IR
2

or IR = -ε + I2r2 ...(iii)
2

From (i) and (iii),

IR = -ε + (I1 - I)I2
2

or I(R + r2) = - ε + I1r2 2

Multiplying (ii) by r2 and (iv) by r1, and on adding, we get

IRr2 + I(R + r2)r1 = ε 1
r2 − ε2 r1

ε1 r2 − ε2 r1
or I =
R(r1 + r2 ) + r1 r2

(ε1 r2 − ε2 r1 )/(r1 + r2 ) ε0
= r1 r2
=
R+ R + r0

r1 + r2

Clearly,
ε1 r2 − ε2 r1 r1 r2
ε0 = = emf of the battery required and r
0 =
r1 + r2 r1 + r2

= internal resistance of the battery required.

35. i. Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points spread out
in all directions with the spread of the wave. Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the
wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from
the wavefront are usually referred to as secondary wavelets and if we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we obtain
the new position of the wavefront at a later time.

△ EAC is congruent to △BAC; so <i = <r

ii. Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between them does not change with time.
No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent.
Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between them does not remain constant with time.
iii. 4β = 5β2 1

λ D
λD known
4 × = 5 ×
d d
5
⇒ λ = × λ
4 hnoun
5
= × 520
4

= 650 nm
OR

9 / 10
i. Ray Diagram of Astronomical telescope

(Deduct half mark for not showing direction of propagation of ray)

tan β
Magnifying power, III = tan α

As angles, α and β are small, therefore, tan α ≈ α and tan β ≈ β

β
then m = α
′ ′ ′ ′

In ΔA'B'E, tan β = A B

′
; ln ΔA'B'O, tan α - A B

′
EB OB
′ ′ ′ f0
m= A B

′
×
OB

′ ′
or m - −f
EB A B e

Magnifying power of a telescope can be increased by increasing the focal length of objective lens and decreasing the focal
length of eye piece.
ii. − =
1

v
1

u
1

u = +25 m, v = ∞
∴f = -25 cm
P=− m1

0.25

P = -4 D

10 / 10
 AK Physics Classes

FULL REVISION TEST 05

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based on one mark each, Section

B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one in

Section C, one in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the

choices in such questions.

6. The use of calculators is not allowed.

7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i. c = 3 x 10^8 m/s, ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg, iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, iv. μ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏,

v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js, vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐, vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole
Section A
1. The magnitude of the electric field due to a point charge object at a distance of 4.0 m is 9 N/C. From the same [1]
charged object the electric field of magnitude, 16 N

C
will be at a distance of

a) 3 m b) 1 m

c) 6 m d) 2 m
2. A variable capacitor is connected to a 200 V battery. If its capacitance is changed from 2μF to XμF, the [1]
decrease in energy of the capacitor is 0.02 J. Find the value of X.

a) 3μF b) 4μF

c) 1μF d) 2μF

3. A current is passed though two coils connected in series. The potential difference across the first coil of [1]
resistance 2 ohm is 5 volt. If the potential difference across the second coil is 12.5 volt, the resistance of the
second coil is

a) 12.5 ohm b) 4 ohm

c) 5 ohm d) 7 ohm
4. A finite straight wire carries a current of 3 A, where it is a 2 m long and weighs around 240 g. If it is suspended [1]

1/7
 in the mid-air by a uniform magnetic field then calculate the field B. [Acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s 2]

a) 0.6 T b) 0.4 T

c) 0.5 T d) 0.7 T
5. Two coils have a mutual inductance 0.005 H. The current changes in the first coil according to equation I = I0 sin [1]

ω t , where I0 = 10 A and ω = 100 π rad s-1. The maximum value of emf in the second coil is

a) 2 π b) 5 π

c) 12 π d) 6 π
6. An inductor may store energy in [1]

a) its magnetic field b) its electric field

c) both in electric and magnetic fields d) its coils

7. A biconvex lens of glass having refractive index 1.47 is immersed in a liquid. It becomes invisible and behaves [1]
as a plane glass plate. The refractive index of the liquid is

a) 1.33 b) 1.62

c) 1.51 d) 1.47
8. A ray of light of wavelength 600 nm propagates from air into a medium. If its wavelength in the medium [1]
becomes 400 nm, the refractive index of the medium is

a) 1.5 b) 1.8

c) 1.4 d) 1.6

9. Light of frequency 6.4 × 1014 Hz is incident on a metal of work function 2.14 eV. The maximum kinetic energy [1]
of the emitted electrons is about:

a) 0.51 eV b) 0.10 eV

c) 1.02 eV d) 0.25 eV
10. Total energy of an electron in hydrogen atoms above 0 eV leads to [1]

a) ionisation of the atom b) accelerate the atom

c) send the atom in lower excited state d) send the atom in higher excited state
11. Mass equivalent of 931 MeV energy is: [1]

a) 1.66 × 10-19 kg b) 6.6 × 10-34 kg

c) 1.66 × 10-27 kg d) 6.6 × 10-27 kg

12. Rectification is the process of conversion of [1]

a) low d.c. into high d.c. b) low a.c. into high a.c.

c) a.c. into d.c. d) d.c. into a.c.

13. Assertion: Net electric field inside a conductor is zero. [1]
Reason: Total positive charge equals to total negative charge in a charged conductor.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct

2/7
 for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
14. Assertion (A): If a dielectric is placed in an external field, then the field inside the dielectric will be less than the [1]
applied field.
Reason (R): Electric field will induce dipole moment opposite to field direction.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

15. Assertion (A): If 10 bulbs are connected in series and one bulb fused then the remaining 9 bulbs will not work. [1]
Reason (R): In series combination, Bulb of higher wattage will give less bright light.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): When radius of circular wire carrying current is doubled, its magnetic moment becomes four [1]
times.
Reason (R): Magnetic moment depends on area of the loop.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. Name the phenomenon which is responsible for bending of light around sharp corners of an obstacle. Under [2]
what conditions does this phenomenon take place? Give one application of this phenomenon in everyday life.
18. In case of photo electric effect expeiment, explain the following facts, giving reasons. [2]
a. The wave theory of light could not explain the existence of the threshold frequency.
b. The photo electric current increases with increase of intensity of incident light.
19. Write the drawbacks of Rutherford's atomic model. How did Bohr remove them? [2]
20. How is the size of a nucleus found experimentally? Write the relation between the radius and mass number of a [2]
nucleus.
OR
The oscillating electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by: E y = 30 sin[2 × 10
11 −1
t + 300πx]V m

a. Obtain the value of the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

b. Write down the expression for the oscillating magnetic field.
21. Carbon and silicon are known to have similar lattice structures. However, the four bonding electrons of carbon [2]
are present in second orbit while those of silicon are present in its third orbit. How does this difference result in a
difference in their electrical conductivities?
Section C
22. a. Define electric flux. Write its SI unit. [3]

3/7
 b. Using Gauss' law, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet is
independent of distance from it.

23. i. Obtain the expression for the potential to show due to a point charge. [3]
ii. Potential, due to an electric dipole (length 2a) varies as the inverse square of the distance of the 'field point'
from the centre of the dipole for r > a.
24. In the circuit shown in the figure, find the value of the current shown in the ammeter A. [3]

25. A proton, a deutron and an alpha particle having the same kinetic energy are allowed to pass through a uniform [3]
magnetic field perpendicular to their direction of motion. Compare the radii o f their circular paths.
26. A bar magnet of magnetic moment 6 J/T is aligned at 60o with a uniform external magnetic field of 0.44 T. [3]
Calculate
a. the work done in turning the magnet to align its magnetic moment
i. normal to the magnetic field
ii. opposite to the magnetic field
b. the torque on the magnet in the final orientation in case (ii).
OR
State clearly how a microwave oven works to heat up a food item containing water molecules. Why are microwaves
found useful for the raw systems in aircraft navigation?
27. The current flowing in the two coils of self-inductance L1 = 16 mH and L2 = 12 mH are increasing at the same [3]
rate. If the power supplied to the two coils are equal, then find the ratio of
i. induced voltages
ii. the currents and
iii. the energies stored in the two coils at a given instant.
28. A resistance R and a capacitor C are connected in series to an ac source V = V0 sin ωt. [3]

a. Obtain the expression for the instantaneous current (I) in the circuit.
b. Show graphically variations of V and I as a function of ωt.
Section D
29. Read the source given below and answer any four out of the following questions: [4]
The rate of flow of charge through any cross-section of a wire is called electric current flowing through it.
q
Electric current (I) = . Its SI unit is ampere (A). The conventional direction of electric current is the direction
t

of motion of positive charge. The current is the same for all cross-sections of a conductor of the non-uniform
cross-section. Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit.

4/7
 i. An example of non-ohmic resistance is:
a. tungsten wire
b. carbon resistance
c. diode
d. copper wire
ii. Current is:
a. scalar quantity
b. vector quantity
c. both scalar and vector quantity
d. none of the above
iii. In a current-carrying conductor, the net charge is:

a. 1.6 × 10–19 coulomb

b. 6.25 × 10–18 coulomb
c. zero
d. infinite
iv. The current which is assumed to be flowing in a circuit from the positive terminal to negative is called:
a. direct current
b. pulsating current
c. conventional current
d. none of these
v. A current passes through a wire of non-uniform cross-section. Which of the following quantities are
independent of the cross-section?
a. The charge crossing
b. drift velocity
c. current density
d. free electron density
30. Read the source given below and answer ANY FOUR of the following questions: [4]
Power (P) of a lens is given by reciprocal of focal length (f) of the lens i.e., P =
1

f
, where f is in metre and P is
in dioptre. For a convex lens, power is positive and for a concave lens, power is negative. When a number of
thin lenses of powers P 1
, P2 , P3 , ... are held in contact with one another, the power of the combination is given
by algebraic sum of the powers of all the lenses i.e., P = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....
i. A convex and a concave lens separated by distance d are then put in contact. The focal length of the
combination
a. becomes 0

5/7
 b. remains the same
c. decreases
d. increases.
ii. If two lenses of power +1.5 D and +1.0 D are placed in contact, then the effective power of combination will
be
a. 2.5 D
b. 1.5 D
c. 0.5 D
d. 3.25 D
iii. If the power of a lens is +5 dioptre, what is the focal length of the lens?
a. 10 cm
b. 20 cm
c. 15 cm
d. 5 cm
iv. Two thin lenses of focal lengths +10 cm and -5 cm are kept in contact. The power of the combination is
a. -10 D
b. -20 D
c. 10 D
d. 15 D
v. A convex lens of focal length 25 cm is placed coaxially in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20 cm.
The system will be
a. converging in nature
b. diverging in nature
c. can be converging or diverging
d. None of the above
Section E
31. Use Gauss' law to derive the expression for the electric field between two uniformly charge parallel sheets with [5]
surface charge densities σ and −σ, respectively.
OR
i. Explain the meaning of the term mutual inductance. Consider two concentric circular coils, one of the radius r1

and the other of radius r2 (r1 < r2) placed coaxially with centres coinciding with each other. Obtain the expression
for the mutual inductance of the arrangement.
ii. A rectangular coil of area A, having number of turns N is rotated at f revolutions per second in a uniform
magnetic field B, the field being perpendicular to the coil. Prove that the maximum emf induced in the coil is
2πfN BA .
32. In Fig. the energy stored in C4 is 27 J. Calculate the total energy stored in the system. [5]

6/7
 OR
i. Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope showing image formation at least distance of distinct
vision. Derive an expression for its magnifying power.
ii. A telescope consists of two lenses of focal length 100 cm and 5 cm. Find the magnifying power when the final
image is formed at infinity.
33. Derive an expression for the force experienced by a current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic [5]
field. Under what condition is this force maximum?
OR
Two harmonic waves of monochromatic light
y1 = a cos ωt and y2 = a cos(ωt + ϕ )
are superimposed on each other. Show that maximum intensity in interference pattern is four times the intensity due
to each slit. Hence write the conditions for constructive and destructive interference in terms of the phase angle ϕ .

7/7
 Solution

FULL REVISION TEST 05

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) 3 m
Explanation:
3m
2.
(c) 1μF
Explanation:
Energy = C V 1

2
2

In 1st case: E1 = 1

2
−6
× 2 × 10 × 200
2

−2
= 4 × 10 J

In 2nd case: E2 = 1

2
× (X) × 10
−6
× 200
2
J

Decrease in energy = E1 - E2

or, 2 × 10-2 = 4 × 10-2-2 × (X) × 10-2

or, 2 = 4 - 2X
∴ X = 1 μF

3.
(c) 5 ohm
Explanation:
If coils are connected in series then current through each coils must be same.
Given potential difference across first coils with resistance 2Ω is 5 V.
V
∴ I =
R
5
⇒ I = = 2.5A
2

Same current must flow through second coil. Potential difference across second coil is,
V2 = 12.5V
V2
∴ R2 =
I
12.5
⇒ R2 =
2.5

R2 = 5 ohm

4.
(b) 0.4 T
Explanation:
For equilibrium, ILB = mg
solving we get, B = 0.4 T

5.
(b) 5 π
Explanation:
dI
ε= M
dt
d
= M [I0 sin ωt] = M I0 ω cos ωt
dt

Emax = M I0 ω [Max. value of cos ωt = 1]

= 0.005 × 10 × 100π = 5πV

6. (a) its magnetic field

Explanation:

1 / 10
 An inductor stores energy in its magnetic field.
7.
(d) 1.47
Explanation:
the refractive index of liquid must be equal to refractive index of glass=1.47

8. (a) 1.5
Explanation:
′
λ = λ/μ

μ= 1.5
9. (a) 0.51 eV
Explanation:
hf = W + Kmax
substituting and solving we get, Kmax = 0.51 eV

10. (a) ionisation of the atom

Explanation:
Total energy of an electron above 0 eV leads to ionisation of hydrogen atom.
11.
(c) 1.66 × 10-27 kg
Explanation:
As we know that,
1eV = 1.6 × 10-19 J
931 × 106 eV = 1.489 × 10-10 J
E = mc2
E
m =
2
c
−10
1.489×10
=
16
9×10

= 1.66 × 10-27 kg

12.
(c) a.c. into d.c.
Explanation:
Rectification is the process of conversion of a.c. into d.c.

13.
(c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
Explanation:
As total positive charge equals to total negative charge ,conductor must be neutral.

14.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
The external field induces an electric field in the dielectric in the opposite direction which sets up a dipole moment in the same
direction of the external field.

15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
When bulbs are connected in series and out of that one get fused then due to this there will be no continuity in the circuit (or
resistance offered by the fused bulb is infinite) and no current will flow through the remaining bulbs.

2 / 10
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Magnetic dipole moment of the current loop = ampere turns × area of the coil
So M = NIπ r2
M1 = NIπ (2r)2 = 4NIπ r2 = 4M
So magnetic moment becomes four times when radius is doubled.
Section B
17. Diffraction is responsible.
Diffraction Condition: The size of the obstacle
sharpness should be comparable to the wavelength of the light falling.
Application: The finite resolution of our eye.
18. a) According to wave theory photoelectrons can be emitted using high intensity incident light of any frequency.Hence, there need
not be any threshold frequency for any given photosensitive surface.
b) Increase in intensity of light increases the number of incident photons. therefore, the photoelectric current increases.
19. Drawbacks of Rutherford's Model:
i. Instability: Electrons should spiral into the nucleus due to radiative energy loss, making the atom unstable.
ii. Spectral Lines: It couldn't explain the discrete spectral lines of atoms, predicting a continuous spectrum instead.
iii. Electron Stability: It did not account for the observed stability of electrons in specific orbits.
Bohr's Improvements:
i. Quantized Orbits: Bohr proposed that electrons occupy stable, quantized orbits without radiating energy, resolving
instability.
ii. Energy Levels: He introduced discrete energy levels, explaining spectral lines as transitions between these levels.
iii. Non-Equidistant Orbits: The radius of the n-th orbit in Bohr's model is r ∝ n , so the orbits are not equally spaced;
n
2

spacing increases with n.

20. Size of nucleus of an atom is determined by scattering experiments in which fast electrons are used to bombard targets.
Relation between radius and mass number of nucleus.
R = R0A1/3
OR
11 −1
Ey = 30 sin[2 × 10 t + 300πx]V m

a. On comparing the given equation with Ey = E₀ sin(ωt + kx), we get

2π
k = 300π =
λ
1 −3
⇒ λ = = 6.7 × 10 m
150

b. The wave is propagating along X-axis, electric field is oscillating along Y-axis, so according to right hand system of (vector E,
vector B, vector K), the magnetic field must oscillate along Z-axis.
On comparing the given equation with E = E₀ sin(ωt + kx), we get,
Eo = 30 V/m

= 10-7 T
Eo 30
Now, Bo = c
= 8
3×10

Thus, equation of oscillating magnetic field is

Bz = Bo sin(ωt + kx)
−7 11
⇒ Bz = (10 ) sin[2 × 10 t + 300πx]T

21. The energy required to take out an electron from Si atom is much smaller than that in the case of C atom. Hence the number of
free electrons for conduction in Si is quite significant but negligibly small for C. Consequently the conductivity of silicon is much
greater than that of carbon.
Section C
22. a. Electric flux is defined as the number of electric field lines passing through an area normal to the surface. Alternatively,
surface integral of the electric field is defined as the electric flux through a closed surface
→ →
ϕ = ∮ E ⋅ ds
2

SI unit: N⋅m

C
or volt.metre

3 / 10
 b.

Outward flux through the Gaussian surface,

2EA = σA/ε0

∴ E = σ/2ε0
→
In vector form, E =
σ

2ε0
^
n

where n
^ is a unit vector normal to the plane, away from it.

Hence, electric field is independent of the distance from the sheet.

23. i.

Consider a point charge 'Q' kept at point O. Let P be the field point at distance r.
At some intermediate point P the electrostatic force on the unit positive charge is :
Q×1
=
4πε0 r2

Work done against this force from r' to r' + △r' is

Q
′
ΔW = Δr
2
4πε0 r

Total work done W by the external Force from ∞ to r

r
Q
′
W = − ∫ △r
′2
4π ε0 r
∞

Q
W =
4π ε0 r

Hence potential at this point

Q
V=W= 4π ε0 r
Electrostatic potential is zero at infinity, electrostatic potential due to a single charge is spherically symmetric.

ii.

The potential at point P due to charge (-q)

−1 q
V1 = ⋅
4πε0 (r+a)

Potential due to charge +q

1 q
V2 = ⋅
4πε0 (r−a)

Hence total potential at point P

q −1 1
V = V1 + V2 = 4πε0
[
(r+a)
+
(r−a)
]

q×2a
=
2 2
4π ε0 (r − a )

1 p
V =
4πε0 2 2
(r − a )

where, p ⃗ = q × 2a = dipole moment for r >> a

1 p
⇒ V = ⋅
4πε0 2
r
1
⇒ V ∝
2
r

4 / 10
24.

to find the current shown in ammeter, find the current through 6Ω resistance. Here assume ammeter is ideal, so resistance of
ammeter is is zero. The 4Ω resistance and 2Ω resisatnce are in series.
We know at series connection
R = R1 + R2
equivalent
R1 R2
R =
equivalent R1 + R2

So R = 2Ω + 4Ω = 6Ω
The figure can be redrawn into

figure 2

6×6 36 6
6Ω and 6Ω are parallel so effective resistance is 6+6
=
12
=
2
= 3Ω

Then figure become

figure 3

9Ω and 3Ω are in series, effective resistance is 9Ω + 3Ω = 12Ω

Figure become,

figure 4

12Ω and 12Ω are in parallel so,

12×12 12
= = 6Ω
12+12 2

figure 5

3Ω and 6Ω are in series, so

3Ω + 6Ω = 9Ω

By ohm's law,
V
I =
R
9V
I = = 1 A
9Ω

In figure 4 both 12Ω resistance have I

2
current = 0.5 A
The equivalent figure is,

5 / 10
 from the above diagram, the current through 6Ω resistance is I

4
= 0.25 A

Hence, the current shown in the ammeter is 0.25A,

25. If mp , md and ma are the masses of proton, deutron and a-particle respectively, then
md = 2mp and ma = 4mp
Also qd = qp and q = 2qp α

Kinetic energy,
1 2
K = mv
2
−
−−
∴ Velocity v = √ 2K

Radius of the circular path of a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by

−
−−
mv m 2K √2mK
r = = ⋅ √ =
qB qB m qB

√2mp K
√2md K √2mα K
∴ rp =
q B
, rd =
q B
and r α
=
q B
p d α

rp −
−
m− qp
−−
m
−
qd p p 1
= √ = √ =
r q m q 2mp
d p d p √2

−−
− −−−
rp q mp 2qp mp
α
= √ = √ = 1
rα qp mα qp 4mp

–
Hence r p : rd : rα = 1 : √2 : 1

26. a. When a dipole is rotated from 1 position to other position 2 in a uniform magnetic field,
Workdone, W = mB(cos θ - cos θ ) 1 2

(i) Here θ = 1 60o, θ2 = 90o

∴ Workdone, W = mB(cos 60o - cos 90o)
= mB( 1

2
- 0) = 1

2
mB
= 1

2
× 6 × 0.44 = 1.32 J

(ii) Here θ = 60o, θ = 180o

1 2

∴ Workdone, W = mB(cos 60o - cos 180o)

3
= mB[ - (-1)] = mB
1

2 2

= 3

2
× 6 × 0.44 = 3.96 J
¯
¯¯¯
b. Torque, τ = |m⃗ × B| = mB sinθ
For θ = 180o, we have
Torque, τ = 6 × 0.44 sin 180o = 0
OR
In a microwave oven, the frequency of the microwaves is selected to match the resonant frequency of water molecules. This leads
to the vibrations of these water molecules. As these vibrations increase with time, the temperature increases leading to the
production of heat and this is the heat that is responsible for the cooking of food in the oven. So any food containing water
molecules inside can be heated by a microwave oven.
Microwaves are short-wavelength radio waves, with the frequency of the order of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Due to the short
wavelengths, they have high penetrating power with respect to the atmosphere and less diffraction in the atmospheric layers. So,
these waves are suitable for the RADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) systems used in aircraft navigation.
27. Given, L1 = 16 mH, L2 = 12 mH

6 / 10
 i. Induced voltage is given by
dI
V = L
dt

⇒ V ∝ L (when rate of change of electric current with respect to time remains unchanged)
V1 L1
So, V2
=
L2
( as dI

dt
is same )
V1
⇒
V2
=
16

12
=
4

3
...(i)
ii. Power (P) = V × I
I1 V2
Now, I2
=
V1
(as power, P remains constant)
I1 3
⇒
I2
=
4
...(ii)
iii. Energy stored is given by coil-1 and coil-2
1
E1 =
2
L1 I
2
1
....(iii) and
E2 =
1

2
L2 I
2
2
....(iv)
On dividing Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
2
E1 L1 I
1 16 9
= = ×
E2 2 12 16
L2 I
2
E1 3
∴ =
E2 4

28. a.

The length of these phasors or the amplitude of VR, and VC are:

VRm = im R, Vcm = im Xc
Vo VC
Io = Z
=
1/2
2
2 1
[R + ( ) ]
ωc

In RC circuit current leads the voltage by an angle ϕ and given by

I = IoSin(ω t + ϕ)
hence,the expression for the instantaneous current (I) in the circuit is I = IoSin(ω t + ϕ).
From the phasor diagram the Phase angle
X
ϕ = tan −1 C

R
, currents leads voltage
Where Xc = 1

ωC

b.

7 / 10
 Section D
29. i. (c) diode
ii. (a) scalar quantity
iii. (c) zero
iv. (c) conventional current
v. (d) free electron density
30. i. (d)
ii. (a): P = P1 + P2 = 1.5 + 1.0 = 2.5 D
iii. (b): f =
P
1
=
1

5
m = +20 cm

1 1
iv. (a): P = P1 + P2 =
f1
+
f2

100 100
= + = −10D
10 −5
100 100
v. (b): P = P1 + P2 =
f1
+
f2

100 100
P = + = −1D
25 −20

As the power is negative, the system will be diverging.

Section E
31. Let us consider two uniform large parallel sheets carrying charge densities +σ and −σ respectively, separated by a small distance
'l' from each other. One plate contains positive charge and other plate contains negative charge. Electric field lines travels from
positive charged plate to negative charged plate.
By Gauss' law, it can be proved that electric field intensity due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet is given by
E = ....... (i)
σ

2ε0

The electric field is directed normally outward from the plane sheet if nature of charge on sheet is positive and normally inward if
charge is negative in nature.

Let ^
r represents unit vector directed from positive plate to negative plate.

Now, Electric Field Intensity (EFI) at any point P between the two plates is given by
r [due to positive plate]
σ
E = +
1
^
2ε0

E2 = +
σ

2ε0
^
r [due to negative plate]
∴ Electric field intensity at point P is given by
σ σ σ
E = E1 + E2 = ^
r + ^
r ⇒ E= ^
r
2ε0 2ε0 ε0

Thus, a uniform electric field is produced between the two infinite parallel plane sheet of charge which is directed from positive
plate to negative plate.
OR
i. Whenever the current passing through a coil or circuit changes, the magnetic flux linked with a neighbouring coil or circuit
will also change. Hence, an emf will be induced in the neighbouring coil or circuit. This phenomenon is called 'mutual
induction'.
Now, mutual inductance is the induced magnetic flux linked with one coil when unit current flows in the other neighbouring
coil.
According to the question, let the current in big coil of radius r2 be I1, so, magnetic field at point at the centre due to this coil
will be μ I /2r .
0 1 2

Change in magnetic flux in the coil of radius r1 is,

{tex}\phi = BA = \frac{{{\mu _0}{I_1}}}{{2{r_2}}} \times π r_1^2{/tex}

8 / 10
 2 2
ϕ μ0 I1 π r μ0 π r

Now, mutual inductance, M =

1 1
= =
I1 2r2 × I1 2r2

This is the required expression.

ii. According to question, if the coil having N turns rotates with an angular velocity of ω through an angle θ in time t, thus θ = ω t
⃗ ⃗
∴ ϕ = B. A = BA cos θ = BA cos ωt

As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linked with it changes. An induced emf is set up in the coil, which is given by
−dϕ −d
e= = (BA cos ωt) = BAω sin ωt
dt dt

(From Faraday's 2nd law of electromagnetic induction with Lenz's correction)

For N number of turns, e = NBAω sinω t
For maximum value of emf, rotation of the coil must be equal to 90°.
So, maximum emf induced is = NBAω sin 900 = NBAω
T hus, e = N BA × 2πf = 2πN BAf [∵ ω = 2πf ]

32. Energy stored in C4 is

1 2
U4 = C4 V = 27J
2

or 1

2
× 6× 10-6 × V2 = 27
27×2
or V 2
=
−6
= 9 × 10
6

6×10

Energy stored in C2

U2 = 1

2
× 2 × 10-6 × 9 × 106 = 9J
Energy stored in C3,

U3 = 1

2
× 3 × 10-6 × 9 × 106 = 13.5 J
Energy stored in C2, C3 and C4
= U2 + U3 + U4 = 9 + 13.5 + 27 = 49.5 J
Equivalent capacitance of C2, C3 and C4 connected in parallel
= 2 + 3 + 5 = 11 μF
2 2
q q
∴ = 49.5 J [u = ]
−6 2C
2×11×10

Energy stored in C1
2 −6
q
U1 =
2C1
=
49.5×2×11×10

−6
= 544.5 J
2×1×10

Total energy stored in the arrangement

= 544.5 + 49.5 = 594.0 J
OR
i.

D
The magnification obtained by eye-piece lens m e = (1 +
fe
)

Hence the total magnifying power is

m = m0 × me
v0
D
= (1 + )
−u0 fe

f
ii. m = ∣∣ f
0 ∣
∣
e

Identification of focal length of objective and eyepiece

f0 = 100 cm

9 / 10
 fe = 5 cm
100
m = ∣
∣
∣ = 20
∣
5

33. Force on a current carrying conductor on the basis of force on a moving charge: Consider a metallic conductor of length L,
cross-sectional area A placed in a uniform magnetic field B and its length makes an angle θ with the direction of magnetic field B.
The current in the conductor is I.

According to free electron model of metals, the current in a metal is due to the motion of free electrons. When a conductor is
placed in a magnetic field, the magnetic field exerts a force on every free-electron. The sum of forces acting on all electrons is the
net force acting on the conductor. If vd is the drift velocity of free electrons, then
current I = neAvd ...(i)
where n is number of free electrons per unit volume.
magnetic force on each electron = evd B sin θ ...(ii)
→
Its direction is perpendicular to both v and B⃗ d

Volume of conductor V = AL
Therefore, the total number of free electrons in the conductor = nAL
Net magnetic force on each conductor
F = (force on one electron) × (number of electrons)
= (evd B sin θ) ⋅ (nAL) = (neAvd ) ⋅ BL sin θ

Using equation (i) F = IBL sin θ

∴ F = IBL sin θ ...(iii)
This is the general formula for the force acting on a current carrying conductor.
In vector form F ⃗ = I L⃗ × B⃗ ...(iv)
Force will be maximum when sin θ = 1 = 90o. That is when length of conductor is perpendicular to magnetic field.
OR
The resultant displacement will be given by
y = y1 + y2
= a cos ω t + a cos (ω t + ϕ)
= a[cos ω t + cos (ω t + ϕ)]
ϕ ϕ
= 2a cos ( ) cos (ω t +
2 2
)
ϕ
The amplitude of the resultant displacement is 2 a cos ( ) 2

The intensity of light is directly proportional to the square of amplitude of the wave. The resultant intensity will be given by
I = 4a2 cos2
ϕ

Intensity = 4I0 cos2( , where I0 = a2 is the intensity of each harmonic wave

ϕ
∴ )
2

At the maxima, ϕ = ± 2nπ

cos2
ϕ
∴
2
=1
At the maxima, I = 4I0 = 4 × intensity due to one slit

I = 4I0 cos2( )
ϕ

For constructive interference, I is maximum.

It is possible when cos2( ) = 1;
ϕ ϕ

2 2
= nπ ; π = 2nπ
For destructive interference, I is minimum, i.e., I = 0
It is possible when cos2(
ϕ ϕ (2n−1)π

2
) = 0; 2
= 2
; ϕ = (2n ± 1) π

10 / 10
 AK Physics Classes

FULL REVISION TEST 06

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.

4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B

contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D

contains two case study based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of

five marks each.

5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section B, one

question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to

attempt only one of the choices in such questions.

6. Use of calculators is not allowed.

Section A
1. The conductivity of a metal decreases with the increase in temperature on account of [1]

a) decrease in relaxation time b) decrease in resistivity

c) increase in mean free path d) decrease in number density of electrons

2. A set of n equal resistors, of value R each, are connected in series to a battery of emf ε and internal resistance R. [1]
The current drawn is I. Now, the n resistors are connected in parallel to the same battery. Then the current drawn
from battery becomes 10 I. The value of n is:

a) 10 b) 11

c) 20 d) 9
3. For a concave mirror of focal length f, the minimum distance between the object and its real image is: [1]

a) f b) 2f

c) zero d) 4f
4. The intensity of magnetic field is H and the moment of a magnet is M Maximum potential energy is: [1]

a) 4 MH b) 3 MH

c) MH d) 2 MH

5. The plates of a parallel plate capacitor are 10 cm apart and have area equal to 2m2. If the charge on each plate is [1]
8. 85 × 10
−10
C , the electric field at a point

a) between the plates will be zero b) outside the plates will be zero

1/7
 c) between the plates will be 25NC −1
d) between the plates will change from point to
point
6. A current of 10A is flowing from east to west in a long straight wire kept on a horizontal table. The magnetic [1]
field developed at a distance of 10 cm due north on the table is:

a) 4 × 10-5 T, acting upwards b) 2 × 10-5 T, acting downwards

c) 4 × 10-5 T, acting downwards d) 2 × 10-5 T, acting upwards

7. The direction of induced current in the loop abc is: [1]

a) along abc if I is constant b) along abc if I increases

c) along abc if I decreases d) along acb if I increases

8. A magnet of magnetic moment M is suspended in a uniform magnetic field B. The maximum value of torque [1]
acting on the magnet is

a) zero b) MB

c) 2MB d) 1

2
MB

9. The ratio of intensity at the centre of a bright fringe to the intensity at a point distant one-fourth of the distance [1]
between two successive bright fringes will be

a) 2 b) 3

c) 4 d) 1
10. The attractive force between 2 charges is related to the distance between them as [1]

a) r b) 1

2
r

c) r 2
d) 1

11. In the following figure, the diodes which are forward biased, are [1]

A.

B.

C.

D.

a) A, C and D b) B and C

c) C and A d) C only

2/7
12. A biconvex lens of focal length f is cut into two identical plano convex lenses. The focal length of each part will [1]
be
f
a) 2f b) 2

c) 4f d) f
13. Assertion (A): In his study of photoelectric emission, Hallwachs found that negatively charged particles were [1]
emitted from the zinc plate under the action of ultraviolet light.
Reason (R): An uncharged zinc plate becomes positively charged when it is irradiated by ultraviolet light.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion: An applied electric field will polarize the polar dielectric material. [1]
Reason: In polar dielectrics, each molecule has a permanent dipole moment but these are randomly oriented in
the absence of an externally applied electric field.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
15. Assertion (A): Corpuscular theory fails in explaining the velocities of light in air and water. [1]
Reason (R): According to Corpuscular theory, the light should travel faster in denser media than in rarer media.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion: For an electric lamp connected in series with a variable capacitor and ac source, its brightness [1]
increases with increase in capacitance.
Reason: Capacitive reactance decreases with increase in capacitance of capacitor.

a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.
Section B
17. The magnetic field in a plane electromagnetic wave is given by By = (2 × 10-7) T sin (0.5 × 103 x + 1.5 × [2]

1011 t). Write an expression for the electric field.

18. Calculate the work done in rotating a magnet of magnetic moment 3.0 JT-1 through an angle of 60° from its [2]

position along a magnetic field of strength 0.34 × 10-4 T.

OR
A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0.32 JT-1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.15 T. If the bar is

3/7
 free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond to its
a. stable, and
b. unstable equilibrium?
What is the potential energy of the magnet in each case?
19. In a full-wave rectifier, the input a.c. has a requency of 50 Hz. Find the output frequency. Also, find the output [2]
frequency if half-wave rectifier is used.
∘

20. The wavelength of the first member of the Balmer series in hydrogen spectrum is 6563 A. What is the [2]
wavelength of the first member of Lyman series?
21. Answer the following: [2]
a. Magnetic field lines can be entirely confined within the core of a toroid, but not within a straight solenoid.
Why?
b. Does a bar magnet exert a torque on itself due to its own field? Justify your answer.
Section C
22. Establish the relation between drift velocity of electrons and the electric field applied to the conductor. [3]
23. The maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted is doubled when the wavelength of light incident on [3]
the photosensitive surface changes from λ to λ . Deduce expressions for the threshold wavelength and work
1 2

function for the metal surface in terms of λ and λ .

1 2

24. Draw a circuit diagram of a p-n junction diode under forward bias and explain its working. [3]
25. i. Draw a plot showing the variation of potential energy of a pair of nucleons as a function of their separation. [3]
Mark the regions where the nuclear force is
a. attractive and
b. repulsive.
ii. In the nuclear reaction 1
0n +
235
92
U →
a
54
Xe +
94

b
1
Sr + 20 n determine the values of a and b.
26. Using Rutherford model of the atom, derive the expression for the total energy of the electron in hydrogen atom. [3]
What is the significance of total negative energy possessed by the electron?
27. In a diffraction pattern due to a single slit, how will the angular width of central maximum change, if [3]
a. Orange light is used in place of green light,
b. the screen is moved closer to the slit,
c. the slit width is decreased?
Justify your answer in each case.
28. Figure shows a rectangular conducting loop PQRS in which arm RS of length I is movable. The loop is kept in a [3]
uniform magnetic field B directed downward perpendicular to the plane of the loop. The arm RS is moved with
a uniform speed v.

Deduce an expression for

i. the emf induced across the arm RS
ii. the external force required to move the arm and

4/7
 iii. the power dissipated as heat.
OR
Deduce an expression for the mutual inductance of two long coaxial solenoids but having different radii and different
number of turns.
Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
All the known radiations from a big family of electromagnetic waves which stretch over a large range of
wavelengths. Electromagnetic wave include radio waves, microwaves, visible light waves, infrared rays, UV
rays, X-rays and gamma rays. The orderly distribution of the electromagnetic waves in accordance with their
wavelength or frequency into distinct groups having widely differing properties is electromagnetic spectrum.
(a) Which wavelength of the Sun is used finally as electric energy?
radio waves, infrared waves, visible light, microwaves

a) microwaves b) visible light

c) radio waves d) infrared waves

(b) Which of the following electromagnetic radiations have the longest wavelength?
X-rays, γ -rays, microwaves, radiowaves

a) γ -rays b) microwaves

c) radiowaves d) X-rays
(c) Which one of the following is not electromagnetic in nature?
X-rays, gamma rays, cathode rays, infrared rays

a) gamma rays b) infrared rays

c) X-rays d) cathode rays

OR
Which of the following has minimum wavelength?
X-rays, ultraviolet rays, γ -rays, cosmic rays

a) X-rays b) cosmic rays

c) ultraviolet rays d) γ -rays

(d) The decreasing order of wavelength of infrared, microwave, ultraviolet and gamma rays is

a) gamma rays, ultraviolet, infrared, b) microwave, gamma rays, infrared,

microwave ultraviolet

c) microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma d) infrared, microwave, ultraviolet,

rays gamma rays.
30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
When a charged particle is placed in an electric field, it experiences an electrical force. If this is the only force
on the particle, it must be the net force. The net force will cause the particle to accelerate according to Newton's
second law. So
⃗ ⃗
F e = q E = ma⃗

5/7
 ⃗
qE
If E⃗ is uniform, then a⃗ is constant and a⃗ = m
. If the particle has a positive charge, its acceleration is in the
direction of the field. If the particle has a negative charge, its acceleration is in the direction opposite to the
electric field. Since the acceleration is constant, the kinematic equations can be used.
(a) A charged particle is free to move in an electric field. It will travel

a) along a line of force, if its initial b) always along a line of force

velocity is non zero

c) along a line of force, if its initial d) along a line of force, if it has some
velocity is zero initial velocity in the direction of an
acute angle with the line of force
(b) An electron of mass m, charge e falls through a distance h metre in a uniform electric field E. Then time of
fall,
−
−−− −−−
a) t = √ 2hm
b) t = √ 2eE

eE hm

c) t = 2hm

eE
d) t = 2eE

hm

(c) An electron moving with a constant velocity v along X-axis enters a uniform electric field applied along Y-
axis. Then the electron moves

a) in a trajectory represented as y = ax b) in a trajectory represented as y = ax2

c) without any acceleration along Y-axis d) with uniform acceleration along Y-axis
(d) Two equal and opposite charges of masses m1 and m2 are accelerated in an uniform electric field through
m1
the same distance. What is the ratio of their accelerations if their ratio of masses is m2
= 0.5?
a1 a1
a) a2
=3 b) a2
=1
a1 a1
c) a2
=2 d) a2
= 0.5
OR
A particle of mass m carrying charge q is kept at rest in a uniform electric field E and then released. The
kinetic energy gained by the particle, when it moves through a distance y is

a) qEy b) qE2y

c) qEy2 d) 1
qEy2
2

Section E
31. a. Draw a ray diagram for formation of a real and diminished image of an object kept in front of a concave [5]
mirror. Hence derive the mirror equation.
b. A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm produces a real image which is 3 times the size of the object. Find
the distance of the object from the mirror.
OR
i. State Huygen's principle. With the help of a diagram, show how a plane wave is reflected from a surface. Hence

6/7
 verify the law of reflection.
ii. A concave mirror of focal length 12 cm forms a three times magnified virtual image of an object. Find the
distance of the object from the mirror.
32. Derive an expression for the electric potential at a point due to an electric dipole. Mention the contrasting [5]
features of electric potential of a dipole at a point as compared to that due to a single charge.
OR
i. Derive an expression for potential energy of an electric dipole p ⃗ in an external uniform electric field E⃗. When is
the potential energy of the dipole (1) maximum, and (2) minimum?
ii. An electric dipole consists of point charges -1.0 pC and +1.0 pC located at (0, 0) and (3 mm, 4 mm) respectively
in x - y plane. An electric field E⃗ = (
1000V

m
^
) i is switched on in the region. Find the torque τ ⃗ acting on the
dipole.
33. An AC source of voltage V = V0 sin ωt is connected to a series combination of L, C and R. Use the phasor [5]
diagram to obtain expressions for the impedance of the circuit and phase angle between voltage and current.
Find the condition when current will be in phase with the voltage. What is the circuit in the condition called?
OR
A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and a 60 μF capacitor in series is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The
resistance of the circuit is negligible.
a. Obtain the current amplitude and rms values.
b. Obtain the rms values of potential drops across each element.
c. What is the average power transferred to the inductor?
d. What is the average power transferred to the capacitor?
e. What is the total average power absorbed by the circuit? [‘Average’ implies ‘averaged over one cycle’.]

7/7
 Solution

FULL REVISION TEST 06

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) decrease in relaxation time
Explanation:
decrease in relaxation time
2. (a) 10
Explanation:
I= ...(i)
ε

nR + R

10 I = R
ε
=
nε
...(ii)
+ R R + nR
n

From (i) and (ii), we get

nε ε
= 10
R+nR nR+R

∴ n = 10
3.
(c) zero
Explanation:
zero

4.
(c) MH
Explanation:
MH

5.
(b) outside the plates will be zero
Explanation:
The electric field outside two large plates with opposite charge densities will be zero.

The electric field between the plates , having area=2 m2 of the capacitor is given by :-
Q

σ A
E = =
ε0 ε0

Q −10
8.85×10
= =
Aε0 −12
2×8.85×10

= 50 N/C
and it is a constant electric field.

6.
(b) 2 × 10-5 T, acting downwards
Explanation:
μ0 I
B= 2πr
downwards
= 2 × 10-5 downwards
−7
4π× 10 ×10
= −2
2π×10×10

1 / 12
 7.
(b) along abc if I increases
Explanation:
In accordance with Lenz law.

8.
(b) MB
Explanation:
τ = M Bsinθ
o
τmax = M Bsin90 = MB

9. (a) 2
Explanation:
At the centre of a bright fringe,
I0 = I + I + 2√I I cos 0o = 4I
−−

β
At a point distant 4
(or ϕ = 2π

4
= π

2
) intensity is
−− π
I' = I + I + 2√I I cos 2
= 2I
I0

′
=
4I

2I
=2
I

10.
(b) 1

2
r

Explanation:
According to Coulomb's law the force between two charges is inversely proportional to the square of distance between the two
charges. So F α . 1

2
r

11.
(c) C and A
Explanation:
In both figures (A) and (C), p-side is at higher potential than the n-side.

12. (a) 2f
Explanation:
The focal length of each part will be 2f
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
14.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
If a material contains polar molecules, they will generally be in random orientations when no electric field is applied. An
applied electric field will polarize the material by orienting the dipole moment of polar molecules.

15. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The velocity of light in air and water, proved by corpuscular theory is just reverse as proved by Foucault which is based on
wave theory and is incomplete disagreement with corpuscular theory.
16. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.

2 / 12
 Section B
17. E0 = B0C = 2 × 10-7 T × 3× 108 m/s =6× 101 V/m
The electric field component is perpendicular to the direction of propagation and the direction of magnetic field. Therefore, the
electric field component along the z-axis is obtained as
Ez = 60 sin (0.5 × 103 x + 1.5 × 1011 t) V / m

18. Here, W = ?, M = 3.0 Jt-1, θ = 60o, θ = 0o 2 1

B = 0.34 × 10-4 T
W = -Mb (cos θ - cos θ ) 2 1

= -3.0 × 0.34 × 10-4 (cos 60o - cos 0o)

= 5.1 × 10-5 J
OR
Magnetic Moment of the bar magnet is given by , M = 0.32J T −1

External magnetic field is given by, B = 0.15 T

a. For the system to be in stable equilibrium the angle θ, between the bar magnet and the magnetic field is taken as 0°.
Potential energy of the system = −M B cos θ
∘
= −0.32 × 0.15 cos 0

−2
= −4.8 × 10 J

b. For unstable equilibrium, the bar magnet is oriented at 180°to the magnetic field.
θ = 180°
Potential energy = – MB cos θ
∘
= −0.32 × 0.15 cos 180

−2
= 4.8 × 10 J

19. For full-wave rectifier, output frequency = 2 x input frequency. Hence, output frequency = 100 Hz. For half wave rectifier, output
frequency = input frequency.
20. For Balmer series,
1 1 1 5R
= R( − ) =
λ1 2 2 36
2 3

For Lyman series,

1 1 1 3R
= R( − ) =
λ2 2 2 4
1 2
λ2 4 5R 20 5
Now, λ1
=
3R
×
36
=
108
=
27

5 5
λ2 = × λ1 = × 6523
27 27
o

= 1215A

21. a. If field lines were extremely confined between two ends of a straight solenoid, the flux through the cross section at each end
would be non zero. But the flux of field B through any closed surface must always be zero, For a toroid this difficulty is
absent.
b. No, there is no force on torque on an element due to the field produced by that element itself.
Section C
22. Suppose PQ is a conductor of length l and a potential difference V is applied across PQ as shown in the figure. i.e., its P end
remains negative and Q end positive.
V
Therefore an electric field is developed directing from Q to P and its intensity is given by E = l
...(i)
Each free electron of the conductor experiences a force (F) towards the end Q,
∴ F = -eE

If m be the mass of the electron, then its acceleration

3 / 12
 ⃗

= F

m
⃗
−eE
or a⃗ = m

∵ The average thermal velocity of electrons is zero.

∴ u = 0 Therefore using first equation of motion (v = u + at), we have
→ ⃗
−eE
vd =0+( m
)τ

⃗
→ −eE
or v = ( d
m
)τ

⃗
→ −eE
or v = d
m
τ ...(ii)
Numerically we can write,
→
∣
∣
vd
∣
∣
= eE

m
τ

∵ From equation (i), E = V

∴ vd = eτ

m
V

l
...(iii)
23. Given that
Initial kinetic energy of photoelectrons is given by = K1

​
Final kinetic energy of photoelectrons is given by K2 = 2K1

​
Wavelength of light changes from λ to λ 1 2

Let the threshold frequency is ν and work function is ϕ 0 0

​
Now, we know that:-
hc

λ
= ϕ + KE 0

hc

λ1
= ϕ + K1 ...(i)
0

hc

λ2
= ϕ + K2 ...(ii)
0

K2 = 2K1
hc

λ2
= ϕ + 2K1 ...(iii)
0

2hc

λ1
= 2ϕ + 2K1 (eq (i) × 2)
0

2hc hc
− = ϕ0
λ1 λ2

2λ2 − λ1
⇒ ϕ0 = hc ( )
λ1 λ2

We know
hc
work function is given by ϕ 0 =
λ0

hc 2λ2 − λ1
= hc ( )
λ0 λ1 λ2

1 2λ2 − λ1
=
λ0 λ1 λ2

λ1 λ2
λ0 =
2λ2 − λ1

24. Forward biasing: If the positive terminal of a battery is connected to the p-side and the negative terminal to the n-side, then the
p-n junction is said to be forward-biased. As shown in figure(a), here the applied voltage V opposes the barrier voltage VB. As a
result of this

i. the effective barrier potential decreases to (VB - V) and hence the energy barrier across the junction decreases, as shown in the
figure,

4 / 12
 ii. the majority charge carries i.e., holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to flow towards the junction,
iii. the diffusion of electrons and holes into the depletion layer decreases its width, and
iv. the effective resistance across the p-n junction decreases.

25. i.

For r > r0, the force is attractive

For r < r0, the force is repulsive
ii. We have, In nuclear reactions , mass no .is conserved Hence ,
1 + 235 =a + 94 + 2 × 1
∴ a = 2 3 6 - 9 6 = 140

In nuclear reactions , charge no. is conserved .so 0 + 92 = 54 + b + 2 × 0

∴ b = 92 - 54 = 38

26. The Rutherford nuclear model of the atom describes the atom as an electrically neutral sphere consisting of a very small, massive
and positively charged nucleus at the centre surrounded by the revolving electrons in their respective dynamically stable orbits.
The electrostatic force of attraction F, between the revolving electrons and the nucleus provides the requisite centripetal force (Fc)
to keep them in their orbits. Thus, for a dynamically stable orbit in a hydrogen atom
Fc = Fe
2 2
mv

r
=
4πε0
1
⋅
e

2
[ Z = 1]
r

Thus, the relation between the orbit radius and the electron velocity is
2
e
r =
2
4π ε0 m v

The kinetic energy (K) and electrostatic potential energy (U) of the electron in hydrogen atom are
2
1 2 e
K = mv =
2 8π ε0 r

and U = − e

4π ε0 r

(The negative sign in U signifies that the electrostatic force is attractive in nature.)
Thus, the total mechanical energy E of the electron in a hydrogen atom is
2 2 2
e e e
E = K + U = − = −
8π ε0 r 4π ε0 r 8π ε0 r

The total energy of the electron is negative. This implies the fact that the electron is bound to the nucleus. If E were positive, an
electron will not follow a dosed orbit around the nucleus and it would leave the atom.
27. angular width of central maxima of a single slit diffraction is given as 2θ = 2λ

5 / 12
 a. As λ increases (orange light has greater wave length) diffraction angle 2θ will also increase.
b. Increasing or decreasing closeness of screen and slit does not affect angular width.
c. If a (slit width) decreases, 2θ will increase as 2θ ∝ 1

28. i. Let RS moves with speed v rightward and also RS is at distances x1 and x2 from PQ at instants t1 and t2, respectively.
Change in flux, dϕ = ϕ 2 − ϕ1 = Bl (x2 − x1 ) [∵ magnetic flux, ϕ = B⃗ . A⃗ = BAcos0
0
= Blx ]
dϕ
⇒ dϕ = Bldx ⇒ dt
= Bl
dx

dt
= Blv [∵ v =
dx

dt
]

If resistance of loop is R, then I = vBl

ii. Magnetic force = BI l sin 90 ∘

2 2
vBl vB l
= ( ) Bl =
R R

Now, External force must be equal to magnetic force

2 2
vB l
∴ External force = R
2 2 2 2

iii. As, P = I
2
R= (
vBl

R
) × R=
v B l

2
× R
R
2 2 2
v B l
∴ P =
R

OR
Let coaxial solenoid P is wound over an another solenoid.

Let l = length of both solenoid

r1 and r2 = radii of P and S
A2 = πr [area of secondary coil, S]
2
2

Magnetic induction in solenoid, P

B1 = μ0 n1 I1
N1
where, n1 = l

∴ Total flux linked with solenoid S,

ϕ2 = B1 A2 N2

2 2
⇒ ϕ2 = B1 (πr ) N2 = (μ0 n1 I1 ) πr N2
2 2

N1
2
ϕ2 = (μ0 I1 ) πr N2
l 2

2
μ π I1 N1 N2 r

...(i)
0 2
⇒ ϕ2 =
l

But ϕ = M I
2 1

were, M = coefficient of mutual induction

2 2
μ π N1 N2 r μ π N1 N2 r
0 2 0 2
⇒ M I1 = I1 ⇒ M =
l l

Section D
29. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
All the known radiations from a big family of electromagnetic waves which stretch over a large range of wavelengths.
Electromagnetic wave include radio waves, microwaves, visible light waves, infrared rays, UV rays, X-rays and gamma rays. The
orderly distribution of the electromagnetic waves in accordance with their wavelength or frequency into distinct groups having
widely differing properties is electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) (d) infrared waves
Explanation:
Infrared rays can be converted into electric energy as in solar cell.
(ii) (c) radiowaves
Explanation:
Radiowaves have longest wavelength.

6 / 12
 (iii) (d) cathode rays
Explanation:
Cathode rays are invisible fast moving streams of electrons emitted by the cathode of a discharge tube which is
maintained at a pressure of about 0.01 mm of mercury.
OR
(d) γ -rays
Explanation:
γ -rays have minimum wavelength.

(iv) (c) microwave, infrared, ultraviolet, gamma rays

Explanation:
λ > λ > λ > λ
micro infra ultra gamma

30. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

When a charged particle is placed in an electric field, it experiences an electrical force. If this is the only force on the particle, it
must be the net force. The net force will cause the particle to accelerate according to Newton's second law. So
⃗ ⃗
F e = qE = ma⃗

⃗
qE
If E⃗ is uniform, then a⃗ is constant and a⃗ = m
. If the particle has a positive charge, its acceleration is in the direction of the field.
If the particle has a negative charge, its acceleration is in the direction opposite to the electric field. Since the acceleration is
constant, the kinematic equations can be used.
(i) (c) along a line of force, if its initial velocity is zero
Explanation:
If charge particle is put at rest in electric field, then it will move along line of force.
−
−−−
(ii) (a) t = √
2hm

eE

Explanation:
From Newton's law
qE eE
F = ma⃗ or qE = ma⃗ ⇒ a = m
=
m

Using, s = ut + 1

2
at2
−
−−−
∴ h=0+ 1

2
×
eE

m
t
2
⇒ t = √
2hm

eE

(iii) (b) in a trajectory represented as y = ax2

Explanation:
in a trajectory represented as y = ax2
a1
(iv) (c) a2
=2
Explanation:
Force is same in magnitude for both.
∴ m1a1 = m2a2;

a1 m2

a2
=
m1
=
1

0.5
=2
OR
(a) qEy
Explanation:
qE
Here, u = 0; a = m
;s=y
Using, v2 - u2 = 2as ⇒ v2 = 2
qE
y
m

∴ K.E. = 1

2
mv
2
= qEy
Section E

7 / 12
31. a.

′ ′
△A B F ∼ △M P F
′ ′ ′
B A

BA
=
B F

FP
(∵ PM = AB) ...(i)
Also, △A B P ′ ′
∼ △ABP
′ ′ ′
B A

BA
=
B P

BP
...(ii)
Comparing eq. (i) and (ii)
′ ′ ′
B F B P −FP B P
= =
FP FP FP

B'P = -v
FP = -f
BP = -u
1 1 1
On solving we get, f
=
v
+
u

1 1 1
b. f
=
v
+
u

1 1 1
= −
u f v

−
v

u
= -3
v = 3u
1 1 1
= −
u f 3u

1 1 1
+ =
u 3u f

4 1
=
3u f

4f
u =
3
= −
40

3
cm
Hence, the distance of the object from the mirror 40

3
cm.
OR
i. Huygen’s principle Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from
these points spread out in all directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the wavefront are usually
referred to as secondary wavelets, a common tangent to all these spheres gives the new position of the wavefront at a later
time.

Verification of law of reflection

In △AEC & △CBA
EC = AB (c x t each)
∠AEC = ∠ CBA (90o each)
AC = AC (common side)
By RHS congruency △AEC ≅ΔCBA
⇒ ∠i = ∠r

Hence the law of reflection is verified.

ii. m = +3, f = -12 cm, u = ?
m = − = 3 ⇒ v = -3u v

using mirror formula

1 1 1
+ =
v u f

1 1 1
+ =
−3u u −12

8 / 12
 u = -8 cm
Hence the distance of the object from the mirror is 8 cm
→
32. Consider an electric dipole having charges -q and +q at separation '2a'. The dipole moment of dipole is p ⃗ = q( 2 a) , directed from
-q to +q.
The electric potential due to dipole is the algebraic sum of potentials due to charges +q to -q
If r1 and r2 are distances of any point P from charge +q to -q respectively as shown in the figure, then the potential due to electric
dipole at point P, is

1 q 1 q q 1 1
V =
4πε0 r1
−
4πε0 r2
=
4πε0
[
r1
−
r2
] ...(i)
If (r, θ) are polar coordinates of point P with respect to mid-point O of dipole, then
By geometry,
r = r + a − 2ar cos θ ...(ii)
2 2 2
1

and, r = r + a − 2ar cos θ ...(iii)

2
2
2 2

From (ii), r 2
1
= r
2
[1 −
2a cos θ

r
+
a

2
]
r

If r >> a i e., a

r
<<1, then it is sufficient to retain terms only upto first order in ( a

r
) .
1

2a cos θ 2a cos θ
...(iv)
2 2 2
∴ r = r [1 − ] ⇒ r1 = r[1 − ]
1 r r

Similarly from (iii), r 2

2
= r
2
[1 +
2a cos θ

r
] ⇒ r2 = r[1 +
2a cos θ

r
]
2
...(v)
−1 −1

From (iv) and (v), 1

r1
=
1

r
[1 −
2a cos θ

r
]
2
and, r2
1
=
1

r
[1 +
2a cos θ

r
]
2

Using binomial theorem and retaining terms upto first order in ( a

r
) only, we have
1

r1
=
1

r
[1 − (−
1

2
)
2a cos θ

r
] =
1

r
[1 +
a

r
cos θ] ...(vi)
and, r2
1
=
1

r
[1 −
a

r
cos θ] ...(vii)
Substituting these values in (i), we get
q 1 a 1 a
V = [ (1 + cos θ) − (1 − cos θ)]
4πε0 r r r r

1 q a a
= [1 + cos θ − 1 + cos θ]
4πε0 r r r

1 q 2a 1 (q⋅2a) cos θ
= [ cos θ] =
4πε0 r r 4πε0 2
r

p cos θ
or, V =
4πε0
1

2
...(viii)
r

But, p cos θ = p ⃗ ⋅ r^ where, r^ is unit vector along position vector O⃗ P = r⃗ .

Electric potential due to an electric dipole is
p ⋅⃗ r
^ p ⋅⃗ r ⃗
V =
4πϵ0
1

2
(for r >> a) = 1

4πϵ0 3
...(ix)
r r

Contrasting features: The electric potential due to a dipole depends on distance r and also on the angle between position vector r ⃗
1 1
and dipole moment p ⃗ . The electrostatic potential at large distances falls off, as 2
and not as r
which is the characteristic of
r

potential due to a single charge.

Special Cases:
i. When point P lies on the axis of dipole, then θ = 0o
∴ cos θ = cos 0 = 1
1 p
∴ V =
4πε0 2
r

ii. When point P lies on the equatorial plane of the dipole, then
∴ cos θ = cos 90o = 0

9 / 12
 ∴ V=0
It may be noted that the electric potential at any point on the equitorial line of a dipole is zero.
OR

i.

The amount of work done in rotating the dipole from θ = θ to θ = θ by the external torque
0 1

θ1

W = ∫ τextdθ
e0

= ∫ pE sin θdθ

θ0

W = pE (cos θ0 − cos θ1 )

For θ 0 =
π

2
and θ 1 = θ

π
= pE (cos − cos θ)
2

⃗
U (θ) = −pE cos θ = − p ⃗ ⋅ E

1. Potential energy is maximum when:

is antiparallel to E⃗
p⃗

2. Potential energy is minimum when:

p⃗ is along to E⃗
ii. Dipole Moment Calculation:
The charge q = 1.0 × 10-12C.
Separation vector d ⃗ = (3 mm, 4 mm) = (3 × 10-3 m, 4 × 10-3 m)
Dipole moment p ⃗ = qd ⃗ = (1.0 × 10-12 × 3 × 10-3, 1.0 × 10-12 × 4 × 10-3) = (3.0 × 10-15, 4.0 × 10-15) C.m.
Torque Calculation:
Electric field E⃗ = 1000^i V/m
Torque τ ⃗ = p ⃗ × E⃗
−15 ^ −15 ^ ^ −15 ^
τ ⃗ = (3.0 × 10 i + 4.0 × 10 j ) × 1000 i = (4.0 × 10 × 1000) k

−12 ^
τ ⃗ = 4.0 × 10 N ⋅ mk

The torque is τ ⃗ = 4.0 × 10 −12 ^

N ⋅ mk

10 / 12
33.

Voltage of the source is given as V = V0 sin ωt

Let current of the source be I = I0 sin ωt
→ →
The maximum voltage across R is V R
= Vo R , represented along OX.
→ →
The maximum voltage across L is V L = I0 XL , represented along OY and is 90o ahead of I0.
→ →
The maximum voltage across C is V C = I0 XC , represented along OC and is lagging behind I0 by 90o.

The voltage across L and C has phase difference of 180o.

→ −
→
Hence, reactive voltage is V L − VC represented by OB'.
−
→ −
→ −
→
The vector sum of V , V and V , is resultant of OA and OB', represented along OK.
R L C
−− −− −−−−−−
OK = V0 = √O A + O B 2 ′2

−−−−−−−−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ V0 = √V + (VL − Vc ) = √(I0 R) + (I0 XL − VC )
R

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
2
2
⇒ V0 = I0 √R + (XL − XC )

The impedance can be calculated as follows:

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
V0 2
2
Z = = √R + (XL − XC )
I0

When XL = XC, the voltage and current are in the same phase. In such a situation, the circuit is known as non-inductive circuit.
OR
Inductance, L = 80 mH = 80 × 10-3 H
Capacitance, C = 60 μF = 60 × 10-6 F
Supply voltage, V = 230 V
Frequency, ν = 50 Hz
Angular frequency, ω = 2πν = 100 π rad/s
– –
Peak voltage, V 0 = V √2 = 230√2V

a. Maximum current is given as:

V0
I0 =
1
(ωL− )
ωC

230√2
=
−3 1
(100π×80× 10 − )
−6
100π ×60×10

230√2
=
1000
= -11.63 A
(8π− )
6π

The negative sign appears because ωL < 1

ωC

Amplitude of maximum current, |I 0| = 11.63A

I0 −11.63
Hence, rms value of current. I = = =- 8.22 A
√2 √2

b. Potential difference across the inductor.

vL = I × ω L

= 8.22 × 100 π × 80 × 10-3

11 / 12
 = 206.61 V
Potential difference across the capacitor,
1
Vc = I ×
ωC

1
= 8.22 × = 436.84V
−6
100π×60×10

c. Average power consumed over a complete cycle by the source to the inductor is zero as actual voltage leads the current by
π

2
.
d. Average power consumed over a complete cycle by the source to the capacitor is zero as voltage lags current by π

2
.
e. The total power absorbed (averaged over one cycle) is zero.

12 / 12