Key Applications and Case Studies

TABLE OF
CONTENTS

4 ARTICLE
Perovskite Analysis: The Role of UV-
Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy in
Optoelectronic Research

9 ARTICLE
Exploring Lanthanides: Recent
Research Results Using UV-Visible-
NIR Microspectroscopy

13 ARTICLE
Exploring Actinides: Innovations in
UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy
Techniques

17 ARTICLE
Optimizing Display Performance: Key
Findings from UV-Visible-NIR and
Photoluminescence Research

23 ARTICLE
Advancing Nanostructure Research:
Insights from UV-Visible-NIR
Microspectroscopy

28 ARTICLE
Microspectroscopy for Thin Films,
Defect Analysis, and Heterostructure
Imaging
Advanced UV-Vis-NIR
Microspectroscopy
Optical technologies are all around us, Many materials exhibit non-homogeneous
from the screens we use every day to behavior, and advanced UV-Vis-NIR
advanced devices like solar cells, which microspectroscopy is perfect for
are often highly demanding in terms of understanding how the introduction of
the materials needed to achieve high dopants or local defects within a structure
levels of performance.¹,² While it is hard affects the overall optical properties.
to say exactly how many new materials
are being developed each year, there has This eBook will explore key applications
been a noticeable boom in materials of UV-Vis-NIR microspectroscopy across
research. This growth is fuelled not only a variety of materials, including actinides,
by the need for better-performing devices lanthanides, perovskites, liquid crystals,
but also by the push for more eco-friendly OLEDs, and quantum dots. Through
materials and greener manufacturing detailed case studies, we will showcase
practices. ³,⁴ how CRAIC Technologies’ unique UV-Vis-
NIR microspectrometers can be applied to
Advances in materials development also different sample types, such as thin films
drive the need for improved materials and single crystals. These studies will
characterization techniques. In the case demonstrate how this technique can be
of most optical technologies, the focus is integrated at every stage of materials
primarily on how these materials interact development, from optimizing the initial
with ultraviolet (UV), visible, or near- materials for the best emission profiles to
infrared (NIR) light, as these interactions ensuring quality control in the final
are critical to their target applications. devices.

UV-Vis-NIR microspectrometry is an ideal In many optical applications, nanoscale

method for profiling the absorption and changes have a profound impact on the
emission properties of materials, offering final device properties. Discover how
spatially resolved spectral information. advanced characterization techniques like
UV-Vis-NIR microspectroscopy can help
explore these crucial details.

Learn More
1. Hong, G., Gan, X., Leonhardt, C., Zhang, Z., Seibert, J., Busch, J. M., & Bräse, S. (2021). A Brief History of OLEDs—Emitter
Development and Industry Milestones. Advanced Materials, 33(9). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202005630
2. Li, X., Yu, H., Liu, Z., Huang, J., Ma, X., Liu, Y., … Wang, M. (2023). Progress and Challenges Toward Effective Flexible Perovskite
Solar Cells. Nano-Micro Letters, 15(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-023-01165-8
3. An, J., Zhao, X., Zhang, Y., Liu, M., Yuan, J., Sun, X., … Li, D. (2022). Perspectives of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Integration.
Advanced Functional Materials, 32(14), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202110119
4. Huang, K. T., Chueh, C. C., & Chen, W. C. (2021). Recent advance in renewable materials and green processes for
optoelectronic applications. Materials Today Sustainability, 11–12, 100057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtsust.2020.100057
Article

Perovskite Analysis: The Role of UV-Visible-

NIR Microspectroscopy in Optoelectronic
Research
Perovskites have emerged as a breakthrough material in optoelectronics, especially where
solar cells and light-emitting devices are concerned. Their unparalleled light absorption and
charge transport properties make them a key focus of today’s research.

Advanced characterization techniques are crucial to better understanding how perovskite

materials are developed. CRAIC Technologies has shown how well its UV Visible-NIR
microspectroscopy performs in the detailed examination of perovskite materials, offering
deeper insights into their optical and electronic properties at the microscale.

UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy: An Overview

UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy incorporates the principles of UV-Vis spectroscopy in
combination with high-resolution microscopy. This technique facilitates the analysis of
materials across a broad spectral range (ultraviolet to near-infrared) at microscopic spatial
resolutions.

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CRAIC Technologies’ microspectroscopy systems come equipped with state-of-the-art optics

and detectors, allowing researchers to precisely measure absorbance, re ectance, and
photoluminescence spectra at sub-micron scales.

Key Findings in Recent Perovskite Research

Recent studies that have leveraged the power of CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR
microspectroscopy have managed to make signi cant progress in the characterization of
perovskites.

1. Enhanced Optical Absorption and Re ectance Mapping:

Researchers have frequently applied this method to map the optical absorption of perovskite
thin lms, single crystals, and nanostructures alike.

2. Flexible Optoelectronic Device Development

Steady-state optical characterization of exible devices with an active layer of ultrathin
single-crystalline perovskite lm supported the demonstration of high-performance exible
photodetectors.1

3. Development of Stable Infrared Photodetectors

Perovskites demonstrate good potential when it comes to developing cost-effective infrared
(IR) photodetectors. However, when exposed to prolonged IR wavelengths, they tend to show
signs of degradation. New, stable IR photodetectors have been developed and characterized
using absorbance microspectroscopy.2

4. Engineering of Perovskite Optical Emissions

Metal halide perovskite quantum dots possess exceptional photoluminescence properties.
Here, adaptable luminescence properties were engineered and the polarization re ectance
microspectroscopy was applied for characterization of the samples.3

5. Building Near-infrared Nanolasers

Near infrared nanolasers are currently in development for use in optoelectronic circuitry. UV-
Visible-NIR microspectroscopy is being used to measure the absorbance spectra of the new
classes of wavelength tunable planar nanomaterials.4

6. Creating Two-Dimensional Semiconductors

Re ectance and transmission microspectroscopy can be applied to characterize the

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optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional tin perovskite crystals in sequence at the same

location for each point to establish a relationship between the absorption spectrum and
wavelength.5

Advantages of CRAIC Technologies’ Microspectroscopy

Systems
High Spatial Resolution: Facilitates in-depth mapping and analysis of microscopic
features within perovskite samples.
Broad Spectral Range: Covers UV to NIR regions, offering complete optical
characterization.
Multiple Measurement Techniques at the Same Location: Absorbance, re ectance and
emission spectra can all be acquired at the same points, facilitating direct comparisons
of results.
Mapping of Surfaces: Absorbance, re ectance, emission spectra as well as thin lm
thickness maps are possible.
Non-Destructive Analysis: Ensures delicate perovskite remain intact materials during
measurement.
Versatility: Applicable to an extensive range of perovskite materials and device
assemblies.

Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

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Conclusion
CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy has shown itself to be a practical tool
with the power to characterize perovskite materials at an advanced level. The capability to
conduct detailed optical analysis at the microscale improves the understanding of perovskite
materials' properties, accelerating the advances in perovskite-based technologies.
Researchers and developers can use this technique to improve material quality, optimize
device performance, and accelerate the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronics.

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References
. Jing, Hao, Ruwen Peng, Ren-Min Ma, Jie He, Yi Zhou, Zhenqian Yang, Cheng-Yao Li et al.
"Flexible ultrathin single-crystalline perovskite photodetector." Nano letters 20, no.10
(2020): 7144-7151.
. Kim, Min‐Woo, Yihang Yuan, Sehee Jeong, Jenny Chong, Håvard Mølnås, Aida Alaei, Iver
J. Cleveland et al. "Electrospun Tri‐Cation Perovskite Nano bers for Infrared
Photodetection." Advanced Functional Materials 32, no. 45 (2022): 2207326.
. Csányi, Evelin, Yan Liu, Soroosh Daqiqeh Rezaei, Henry Yit Loong Lee, Febiana
Tjiptoharsono, Zackaria Mahfoud, Sergey Gorelik et al. "Engineering Perovskite
Emissions via Optical Quasi-Bound-States-in-the-Continuum." arXiv preprint
arXiv:2306.14229 (2023).
. Zhang, Qing, Son Tung Ha, Xinfeng Liu, Tze Chien Sum, and Qihua Xiong. "Room-
temperature near-infrared high-Q perovskite whispering-gallery planar nanolasers."
Nano letters 14, no. 10 (2014): 5995-6001.
. Li, Yahui, Hongzhi Zhou, Ming Xia, Hongzhi Shen, Tianyu Wang, Haikuo Gao, Xin Sheng et
al. "Phase-pure 2D tin halide perovskite thin akes for stable lasing." Science Advances 9,
no. 32 (2023): eadh0517.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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Article

Exploring Lanthanides: Recent Research

Results Using UV-Visible-NIR
Microspectroscopy
CRAIC Technologies has developed state-of-the-art UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy
techniques that offer unmatched capabilities in the analysis of lanthanides. Lanthanides
refer to a group of 15 metallic elements ranging from lanthanum to lutetium in the periodic
table. These elements are known for their novel electronic properties and diverse
applications, ranging from medical imaging and phosphors to catalysis and electronic
devices.

Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

Overview of UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy

UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy brings together high spatial resolution of microscopy and
the spectral analysis capabilities of spectroscopy, encompassing the ultraviolet (UV), visible
and near-infrared (NIR) regions. This technology facilitates comprehensive evaluations and
the study of microscopic samples, delivering key insights into their optical and electronic
properties.

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Key Research Results

1. Enhanced Detection of Lanthanide Emissions
Recent research has shown that the capabilities of CRAIC Technologies' microspectroscopy
has the ability to identify and analyze the sharp emission lines of lanthanides with high
precision.1 These emission lines, which are a result of electronic transitions within the 4f
orbitals of lanthanide ions, are essential for applications, such as phosphor development and
uorescence imaging.

The high-resolution abilities of UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy allows for the

differentiation of tightly packed spectral lines, which is crucial for identifying and
characterizing distinct lanthanide species in complex matrices.2

2. Engineering the Luminescence of Lanthanide Polymer Complexes

Photoluminescence from lanthanide electronic transitions is perhaps considered to be one of
the most meaningful features of these materials. These intense optical emissions
demonstrate potential in numerous different elds, including lighting, sensing, photonics and
displays.

CRAIC Technologies' systems has considerably improved the development of lanthanide

polymer complexes. The photoluminescence properties can be modi ed to acquire color
tunable emissions and white light luminescence.3

3. Variable Temperature Absorbance and Luminescence

Microspectroscopy
Novel spectroscopic effects are identi ed when lanthanide complexes are analyzed using
CRAIC Technologies' microspectrometers under controlled temperature conditions. With the
ability to measure several types of spectra of single crystals, studies of the electronic
structures of novel complexes may be easily conducted. This is underscored by a study
conducted by Poe et al. to show how the unique potential of spectroscopy properties facilitate
variable temperature absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy of single crystals of
lanthanide crown ether complexes.4

4. Single Crystal Absorbance and Luminescence Microspectroscopy

The quantitative analysis of single crystals of lanthanide complexes has been improved
signi cantly utilizing CRAIC Technologies' microspectrometers.

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With the capacity to measure several different types of spectra of individual crystals, studies
of the electronic structures of unique complexes is made possible.5,6

5. Investigation of Lanthanide-Doped Materials

Lanthanide-doped materials, including phosphors and lasers, have been studied on an
extensive basis leveraging the power of UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy. This technique
has allowed for the investigation of dopant distribution, concentration effects, and interaction
within the host matrix. For example, lanthanide-doped nanophosphors are showing great
potential as anti-counterfeiting materials and for application in security printing scenarios.
Microspectrophotometers are applied to determine the optical absorption and emissions of
these materials.7

6. Drug Sensing Protein Crystals Doped with Lanthanide Complexes

Readily cultivated protein crystals are being doped with luminescent Lanthanide complexes
embedded the crystals themselves. CRAIC Technologies' microspectroscopy is being used to
explore the emission properties of these doped protein crystals when exposed to certain drug
compounds. The results reveal changes in the optical emissions upon exposure and show that
this could be a grounding feature of practical biosensing devices.8

Conclusion
CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy is a powerful tool practical for
analyzing lanthanides. Its capacity to deliver high-resolution spectral data, quantitative
analysis, spatial mapping, and a comprehensive investigation of lanthanide-doped materials
and complexes paves the way toward groundbreaking research and application development.
As the understanding of lanthanides continues to expand, these state-of-the-art
microspectroscopy techniques will play a key role in driving innovation across a wide range of
scienti c and industrial elds.

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References
. Jiménez, José A. "Photoluminescence of Eu3+-doped glasses with Cu2+ impurities."
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 145 (2015):482-
486.
. Jiménez, José A., and Mariana Sendova. "In situ isothermal monitoring of the
enhancement andquenching of Sm3+ photoluminescence in Ag co-doped glass." Solid
state communications 152, no. 18 (2012): 1786-1790.
. Zheng, Zhaofa, Huan ie Lu, Yumin Wang, Hongliang Bao, Zi-Jian Li, Guo-Ping Xiao, Jian
Lin, Yuan Qian, and Jian-Qiang Wang. "Tuning of the network dimensionality and
photoluminescent properties in homo-and heteroleptic lanthanide coordination
polymers." Inorganic Chemistry 60, no. 3 (2020): 1359-1366.
. Poe, Todd N., Alyssa N. Gaiser, and Thomas E. Albrecht-Schönzart. "Atypical
Spectroscopic Behavior in Divalent Lanthanide Dibenzyldiaza-18-crown-6 Complexes
(Ln= Sm, Eu, Yb)." Crystal Growth & Design 22, no. 4 (2022): 2670-2678.
. Ball, Tucker J., and Matthew J. Polinski. "Lanthanide Squarate Complexes Containing
Mono- and Trivalent Thallium." Inorganic Chemistry 62, no. 24 (2023): 9618-9629.
. Zhang, Yugang, Lanhua Chen, Zhiyong Liu, Wei Liu, Men ia Yuan, Jie Shu, Ning Wang et
al. "Full-range ratiometric detection of D2O in H2O by a heterobimetallic
uranyl/lanthanideframework with 4f/5f bimodal emission." ACS applied materials &
interfaces 12, no. 14 (2020):16648-16654.
. Liu, Hailong, Jiahui Xu, Hao Wang, Yejing Liu, Qifeng Ruan, Yiming Wu, Xiaogang Liu, and
Joel KW Yang. "Tunable resonator‐upconverted emission (TRUE) color printing and
applications in optical security." Advanced Materials 31, no. 15 (2019): 1807900.
. Sun, Guotao, Jianguo Tang, Christopher D. Snow, Zhenhua Li, Yu Zhang, Yao Wang, and
Laurence A. Bel ore. "Drug sensing protein crystals doped with luminescent lanthanide
complexes." Crystal Growth & Design 19, no. 10 (2019): 5658-5664.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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Article

Exploring Actinides: Innovations in UV-

Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy Techniques
CRAIC Technologies has made considerable progress in the eld of UV-Visible-NIR
microspectroscopy, speci cally in the analysis of actinides. Known for their intricate
electronic structures and radioactive properties, actinides are a series of 15 metallic
elements spanning from actinium to lawrencium. They play a central role in various elds,
including nuclear energy, medical treatments, and environmental monitoring. This article
outlines the recent research results using CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR
microspectroscopy for the study of actinides.

Image Credit: Gualtiero Bo /Shutterstock.com

Overview of UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy

UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy brings together high-spatial resolution microscopy and
spectroscopy across the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions.

This technique is a remarkably effective analysis technique for evaluating the optical and
electronic properties of microscopic samples. It can offer invaluable insights into the
characteristics and behavior of actinides.

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Key Research Results

1. Spectroscopic Characterization of Actinide Compounds
Recent research conducted using CRAIC Technologies' microspectroscopy has facilitated
comprehensive spectroscopic characterization of actinide compounds. The capability to
resolve sharp spectral features related to f-f and d-f electronic transitions in actinides has
been extremely useful. This has helped develop a better understanding of the electronic
structure and bonding environment across the various actinide compounds, central to critical
applications in nuclear chemistry and material science.1

2. High-Resolution Photoluminescence Microspectroscopy

The abilities of CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy have proven to be
unparalleled concerning the high-resolution emission spectroscopy of actinides.2 This
method has been used to identify and analyze emission lines with high precision, facilitating
the characterization of distinctive actinide species. Detailed emission spectra of this quality
are vital for applications in nuclear forensics and the development of advanced nuclear
materials.

3. Variable Temperature Absorbance and Luminescence

Microspectroscopy
Novel spectroscopic effects are observed when changing the temperature of actinide
complexes while being monitored using a CRAIC Technologies' microspectrometer. By

being able to measure several different types of spectra of single crystals, studies of the
electronic structures of unique complexes may be easily accomplished. This article utilizes
variable temperature absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy of single crystals of
actinide complexes to demonstrate unique and novel spectroscopy properties.3

4. Single Crystal Absorbance and Luminescence Microspectroscopy

The quantitative analysis of single crystals of actinides complexes has been considerably
improved through the use of CRAIC Technologies' microspectrometers. With the ability to
measure several types of distinct crystal spectra, evaluations for studies of the electronic
structures of novel complexes are now possible.4

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5. Effects of Pressure on Actinide Compounds

High levels of pressure can in uence the absorbance and emission characteristics of actinide
complexes. It is vital to have this understanding, especially where the long-term storage of
nuclear waste is concerned. Microspectrophotometers are employed to determine the optical
absorption and emissions of such materials.5

Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

Conclusion
CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy has demonstrated its ability to be a
key tool for the analysis of actinides. Its power has enabled the advancement of techniques
such as high-resolution spectral analysis, quantitative measurement, spatial mapping, and
detailed investigation of doped materials and complexes to give an improved understanding of
actinides. These techniques are central to the success of various applications, including
environmental monitoring, nuclear energy, and the development of new materials.

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References
. Jones, Zachary R., Maksim Y. Livshits, Frankie D. White, Elodie Dalodière, Maryline G.
Ferrier, Laura M. Lilley, Karah E. Knope et al. "Advancing understanding of actinide (iii)
(Ac, Am, Cm) aqueous complexation chemistry." Chemical science 12, no. 15 (2021): 5638-
5654.
. Zheng, Zhaofa, Huan ie Lu, Yumin Wang, Hongliang Bao, Zi-Jian Li, Guo-Ping Xiao, Jian
Lin,Yuan Qian, and Jian-Qiang Wang. "Tuning of the network dimensionality and
photoluminescentproperties in homo-and heteroleptic lanthanide coordination
polymers." Inorganic Chemistry 60,no. 3 (2020): 1359-1366.
. Sperling, Joseph M., Evan J. Warzecha, Cristian Celis-Barros, Dumitru-Claudiu
Sergentu,Xiaoyu Wang, Bonnie E. Klamm, Cory J. Windorff et al. "Compression of curium
pyrrolidine-dithiocarbamate enhances covalency." Nature 583, no. 7816 (2020): 396-399.
. Galley, S.S., Pattenaude, S.A., Ray, D., Gaggioli, C.A., Whitefoot, M.A., Qiao, Y., Higgins,
R.F., Nelson, W.L., Baumbach, R., Sperling, J.M. and Zeller, M., 2021. Using redox-active
ligands to generate actinide ligand radical species. Inorganic Chemistry, 60(20),
pp.15242-15252.
. Warzecha, Evan. Effects of Pressure on Actinide Compounds and Their Lanthanide
Analogues. The Florida State University, 2020.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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Optimizing Display Performance: Key Findings

from UV-Visible-NIR and Photoluminescence
Research
In today’s technological landscape, devices, ranging from smartphones to large-scale
televisions and monitors, are almost entirely dependent on displays. The performance of
these displays relies heavily on the optical properties of the materials used, including liquid
crystals, OLEDs, and a variety of thin lms. A good understanding of these properties
across the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) spectra is vital for optimizing
display quality.

Researchers have been leveraging the power of CRAIC Technologies microspectrometers

utilizing the UV-Visible-NIR and photoluminescence performance qualities to carry out key
studies related to display types, designs, and materials. This article outlines the key ndings
and implications of this research.

Figure 1. 2030XL PRO Microspectrometer. Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

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Research Overview
Recent studies conducted by CRAIC Technologies focused on a comprehensive spectral
analysis of display materials using its state-of-the-art UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy
systems. The main goals were to:

. Characterize Optical Properties: Measure the absorption, transmission, and re ectance

spectra of display materials across an extensive spectral range (200 nm to 2500 nm).
. Analyze Material Uniformity: Evaluate thin lm and coating uniformity and quality of of
the various materials used in displays.
. Optimize Display Performance: Offer greater insights for enhancing display brightness,
color accuracy, and e ciency.
. Study Novel Materials: Investigating various materials, such as nanostructures, that can
be ne-tuned for speci c optical effects.

Figure 2. Image of advanced mobile phone display. Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

Key Findings

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1. Broad Spectrum Characterization:

CRAIC Technologies' microspectroscopy systems have facilitated precise measurements of
the optical properties of various display materials across the UV- Visible-NIR spectrum. This
extensive spectral range enabled a detailed understanding of the light interaction of the
various materials and structures1,2.

High spatial resolution enabled a close examination of micro-scale features, exposing key
details about the homogeneity and quality of OLEDs, QLEDs, thin lms, and other components.

2. Material Uniformity and Quality:

Uniformity of color and emission intensity is crucial for developing and producing high-quality
displays. Variations from pixel to pixel must be minimized in the manufacturing process.

Research has underscored the importance of uniform thin lms for optimal display
performance. Film thickness and composition variations can considerably impact optical
properties such as transmission and re ectance.

Microspectroscopy was able to show the defects and inconsistencies in the materials, offering
key feedback for manufacturing processes to improve material quality.

3. Optimization of Display Performance:

Detailed spectral analysis offers good insight into how various display materials behave,
including liquid crystals, OLEDs, and quantum dots.3 This information is crucial for tuning the
materials to ensure the desired optical characteristics are achieved.

Research has also revealed how speci c material adjustments on the nanoscale could
enhance display brightness and color gamut.4 For example, adjusting the location, spacing,
and shape of nanostructures can help engineers achieve speci c, desirable effects.

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Figure 3. Luminance Mapping of an Advanced Mobile Phone Display. Image Credit: CRAIC
Technologies

Applications and Implications

The ndings from CRAIC Technologies' research have considerable implications for various
aspects of display technology:

Consumer Electronics:
A better understanding of material properties can generate new developments in display
technology such as more vibrant and energy-e cient displays for smartphones, tablets, and
laptops.5

Television and Monitors:

Optimizing the optical properties of display materials can signi cantly improve the viewing
experience by delivering enhanced color accuracy and greater contrast ratios in televisions
and monitors.

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Specialized Displays:
In applications such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), where display
performance is critical, the insights that this research offers can contribute to advancements
in high-resolution and immersive display technology.

Conclusion
Recent research conducted by CRAIC Technologies' on the UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy
of display materials has provided vital insights into the optical properties, uniformity, and
performance optimization of relevant materials.

The capability to carry out detailed spectral analysis on the microscale is vital for the
progression and development of high-quality modern displays. This research highlights the
signi cance of sophisticated characterization tools in pushing the envelope of new display
technologies.

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References
. Eoh, Hongkyu, Han Sol Kang, Min Ju Kim, Min Koo, Tae Hyun Park, Yeongsik Kim,
Hanwhuy Lim et al. "Nonvolatile, multicolored photothermal writing of block copolymer
structural color." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 42 (2019): 1904055.
. Jiang, Menghua, Shawn Yohanes Siew, John YE Chan, Jie Deng, Qing Yang Steve Wu, Lei
Jin, Joel KW Yang, Jinghua Teng, Aaron Danner, and Cheng-Wei Qiu. "Patterned resist on
at silver achieving saturated plasmonic colors with sub-20-nm spectral linewidth."
Materials Today 35 (2020): 99-105.
. Wang, Jiawei, Ke Li, Huilin He, Wengfeng Cai, Jianxun Liu, Zhen Yin, Quanquan Mu et al.
"Metasurface‐Enabled High‐Resolution Liquid‐Crystal Alignment for Display and
Modulator Applications." Laser & Photonics Reviews 16, no. 1 (2022): 2100396.
. Daqiqeh Rezaei, Soroosh, Jinfa Ho, Ali Naderi, Mohammad Tavakkoli Yaraki, Tao Wang,
Zhaogang Dong, Seeram Ramakrishna, and Joel KW Yang. "Tunable, cost‐effective, and
scalable structural colors for sensing and consumer products." Advanced Optical
Materials 7, no. 20 (2019): 1900735.
. Liang, Jie, Yan Jin, Huiling Yu, Xinjie Chen, Lin Zhou, Pengcheng Huo, Ye Zhang et al.
"Lithium-plasmon-based low-powered dynamic color display." National Science Review
10, no. 1 (2023): nwac120.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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Advancing Nanostructure Research: Insights

from UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy
Nanostructures, with their novel optical, electronic, and mechanical properties, are at the
vanguard of research in materials science and nanotechnology. Therefore, being able to
characterize these materials accurately is pivotal to understanding their properties and
improving their application potential in elds such as photonics, electronics, and
biomedical engineering. CRAIC Technologies’ state-of-the-art UV-Visible-NIR
microspectroscopy is a unique method for the careful analysis nanostructures, delivering
detailed insights into their optical behaviors at microscopic scales.

UV-Visible-NIR Microspectroscopy: An Overview

UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy combines high-resolution microscopy and UV-Visible-NIR
spectroscopy, facilitating comprehensive examinations of materials across a wide spectral
range. This technique delivers sub-micron spatial resolutions, which enables precise
measurements of absorbance, re ectance, and photoluminescence spectra. CRAIC
Technologies’ systems are comprised of sophisticated optics and detectors, which in turn
provides accurate and reliable data.

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Key Findings in Nanostructure Research

Recent research which made use of CRAIC Technologies’ UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy
has revealed new, key ndings in the characterization of nanostructures:

1. Fabrication of Novel Nanostructures

Microspectroscopy is typically used to optically characterize newly developed nanostructures
of various kinds.1 Moreover, microspectroscopy is applied to optimize the manufacturing
processes of various nanostructures.2

2. Development of New Devices Using Nanotechnology

This technique has been used for the characterization of nanostructured tunable mirrors.
Microspectroscopy was also employed to improve certain properties of these novel mirrors by
enabling changes in the manufacturing process with high spatial resolution optical
measurements.3 Procedures for 3D printing of nanostructured optical grade glass are also in
development.4 Microspectrosopy was key to optimizing the processes.

3. Food Preservation Coatings Using Nanostructures

Researchers have used Raman microspectroscopy to determine functional groups in edible
coatings of nanostructured chitosan.5

4. Photoluminescence Analysis
Concurrent absorbance and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed as part
of studies carried out on nanoparticle growth in doped glasses.6 Associations were seen
between the rates of silver nanoparticle growth and Dysprosium ion PL quenching.

5. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Studies

UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy has also been found to be applicable in studies evaluating
surface plasmon resonance in metallic nanostructures.7 These investigations offer key
insights into plasmonic behavior, which is essential for applications in sensing, imaging, and
photothermal therapy.

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Advantages of CRAIC Technologies’ Microspectroscopy

Systems
High Spatial Resolution: Enables a deep analysis of nanoscale features and
heterogeneities.
Broad Spectral Range: Covers UV to NIR regions, facilitating comprehensive optical
characterization.
Multiple Measurement Techniques at the Same Location: Absorbance, Re ectance, and
photoluminescence spectra can be acquired simultaneously and at the same locations.
Mapping of Surfaces: Absorbance, emission, and re ectance spectra, as well as thin
lm thickness maps, can be collected.
Non-Destructive Analysis: Preserves the integrity of fragile nanostructures during
measurement.
Versatility: Suitable for a broad range of nanostructures and composite materials.

Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

Conclusion
CRAIC Technologies' UV-Visible-NIR microspectroscopy is a practical tool that that has the
power to facilitate advanced characterization of nanostructures. Its capacity to perform in-

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depth optical analysis at the microscale improves the understanding of the properties of these
materials, propelling new advancements in nanotechnology. Researchers and developers can
use this technique to optimize material quality, enhance device performance, and accelerate
the development of nanostructure-based applications.

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References
. Zhang, Shengsen, Shen ie Chen, Kunru Yu, and Rong Zhu. "Highly Controllable
Fabrication of Gold Composite Nanostructures by Multiple Electroplating for High‐
Performance Electrochemical and Raman Scattering Measurements." Small Structures 5,
no. 2 (2024): 2300326.
. Liu, Hon un, Huiren Peng, Ke Li, Liping Lu, Junhong Deng, Yanjun Liu, Chengfeng Qiu,
Guixin Li, and Xing Cheng. "Transfer Printing of Solution‐Processed 3D ZnO
Nanostructures with Ultra‐ High Yield for Flexible Metasurface Color Filter." Advanced
Materials Interfaces 9, no. 21 (2022): 2101963.
. Belosludtsev, A., O. Buchnev, and A. Fedotov. "Preparation and Investigation of a
Nanostructured Tuneable Hybrid Mirror for a High-Energy Tamm Plasmon State
Generation." Optics, Photonics and Lasers (2022): 94.
. Bauer, J., C. Crook, and T. Baldacchini. "A sinterless, low-temperature route to 3D print
nanoscale optical-grade glass." Science 380, no. 6648 (2023): 960-966.
. Hernández-López, Gonzalo, Rosa Isela Ventura-Aguilar, Zormy Nacary Correa-Pacheco,
Silvia Bautista-Baños, and Laura Leticia Barrera-Necha. "Nanostructured chitosan
edible coating loaded with α-pinene for the preservation of the postharvest quality of
Capsicum annuum L. and Alternaria alternata control." International Journal of Biological
Macromolecules 165 (2020): 1881- 1888.
. Jiménez, J. A., and M. Sendova. "Real-time analysis of the “plasmonic diluent” effect:
Probing Ag nanoparticle growth rate via Dy3+ photoluminescence quenching." Journal of
Luminescence 157 (2015): 275-279.
. Ma, Zon un, Zhenming Wang, Ming Cheng, Delai Kong, Wenfeng Cai, Men ia Cen,
Jianxun Liu, Dan Luo, and Yan Jun Liu. "Surface acoustic wave-tuned plasmonic
resonances in liquid crystal-covered gold nanostructures." Optical Materials Express 13,
no. 10 (2023): 2935-2943.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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Microspectroscopy for Thin Films, Defect

Analysis, and Heterostructure Imaging
The latest studies using CRAIC Technologies’ microspectroscopy have delivered important
insights into the characterization of semiconductors and other new materials. The
advanced abilities of CRAIC microspectrometers, which merge UV-visible-NIR, Raman, and
photoluminescence spectral analysis with high-resolution microscopy, have proven crucial
for probing the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors at the microscale.

Image Credit: CRAIC Technologies

Major Applications of Microspectroscopy

One crucial area of progress is the examination of thin lm semiconductors, where CRAIC's
microspectroscopy approaches have allowed accurate assessments of lm thickness, optical
constants, and bandgap energy. By utilizing re ectance and transmittance
microspectroscopy, scientists can now non-destructively assess these parameters with
unparalleled spatial resolution. This has signi cant consequences for advancing next-
generation semiconductor devices, where material uniformity and accurate optical properties
are critical.

Moreover, CRAIC's microspectroscopy has aided the comprehensive study of semiconductor

defects and impurities. The capacity to carry out localized photoluminescence and Raman
spectroscopy at the microscale allows scientists to pinpoint and quantify faults that may
impact semiconductor performance. This characteristic is especially helpful in the quality

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control of semiconductor wafers, where recognizing and reducing such aws is essential for
securing device reliability.

The combination of microspectroscopy with CRAIC’s advanced imaging systems has allowed
the visualization of semiconductor heterostructures and interfaces. This has made the study
of band alignment and charge transfer processes at these interfaces possible, helping design
productive semiconductor devices like solar cells and transistors.

Recent Research Results Using CRAIC Microspectrometers

CRAIC microspectrometers have been utilized to maximize metamaterials for deep neural
networks. This article considers using deep neural networks (DNNs) to improve the design of
split-ring metamaterials and metamaterial microcavities.

By training DNNs with simulation data, the research offers fast and precise forward
predictions of optical responses and potent inverse designs for desired spectral results. This
method greatly enhances the design e ciency and accuracy of complex nanostructures,
particularly for applications in optical devices. Experimental veri cation, utilizing CRAIC
Technologies microspectrophotometers, substantiates the e cacy of this approach,
accentuating its ability to progress metamaterial technologies.

Another domain of research using microspectroscopy is the development of crystalline

organic semiconductors. The solid-state structure of these materials directs their
performance.

Technologies using these materials require them to be dissymmetric. This is a complex

process if accomplished with synthetic approaches. However, with crystal twisting methods,
organic semiconductors are easily processed while delivering other upsides.

Polarization microspectroscopy is utilized because these materials' polarization absorbance

spectra depend on the angle. The same instrument was also utilized to assess the materials'
photoluminescence spectra. This is because the uorescence produces periodic oscillations
in intensity according to the twisting pitch.

New sensors are under development for multiple different applications. One such device, for
example, is an optically based gas sensor based on a thin lm.

Microspectroscopy is critically important in this research as it allows the accurate

characterization of material characteristics at the microscale. This includes examining the
fabricated materials' optical properties, chemical composition, and structural integrity.

By utilizing microspectroscopy, researchers can acquire comprehensive insights into the

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microstructure and functionality of these materials, resulting in better optimization and

application in diverse high-tech industries.

Another sensor currently under development utilizing microspectroscopy is a plasmon-

modi ed photodetector.

The article explores the use of functional coatings on exible substrates, highlighting the
signi cance of resilience and performance in applications such as electronics and sensors.

Microspectroscopy is critical in this research, as it allows the comprehensive examination of

the coatings' optical and chemical characteristics at a microscopic level. This allows scientists
to evaluate how well the coatings adhere, their uniformity, and their potential degradation
under multiple conditions, offering insights important for improving the coatings for practical
use.

Polarization microspectroscopy optically distinguishes molecular semiconductor crystals. The

article examines developing and evaluating new materials for energy storage applications.

Microspectroscopy explores these materials' structural and chemical properties at the

nanoscale, offering crucial insights into their performance and stability.

By assessing characteristics, including particle size, distribution, and composition,

microspectroscopy facilitates researchers' optimization of material properties for higher
e ciency and longevity in energy storage devices.

Conclusions
CRAIC Technologies' microspectroscopy systems are formidable tools in semiconductor
research. They provide high-resolution, non-destructive analysis of material properties, defect
characterization, and interface studies.

These advancements improve semiconductor materials and devices, spearheading innovation

in electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy.

This information has been sourced, reviewed and adapted from materials provided by CRAIC
Technologies.

For more information on this source, please visit CRAIC Technologies.

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