ENHANCEMENT IN HEAT

TRANSFER TECHNIQUE
Progress Report of Final Year Project

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
SHIBPUR ,HOWRAH – 711103
 Progress Report of Final Year Project

Enhancement in
Heat Transfer Technique

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of

B. Tech in Mechanical Engineering

By

Rishav Kumar : 511017068

Biru Tiwary : 511017033
Apurva Shukla : 511017063
Premesh Raddy : 511017059
Under the Guidance of

Professor Sujoy Kumar Saha

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
Howrah – 711103

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FORWARDING CERTIFICATE
I hereby forward this project report “Enter the Title” submitted by Names of the
students (Enrolment nos-) under my guidance and supervision in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for B. Tech in the Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur.

Dated: …..…………

................................................ ................................................

Supervisor Head

Name and Designation Name and Designation

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 Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur
Howrah – 711103

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

The forgoing project report is hereby approved a creditable study of Engineering

subject carried out and presented in a satisfactory manner to warrant its acceptance
as a prerequisite for the degree of ‘Bachelor of Technology’ in Mechanical
Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of
Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur for which it is submitted. It is
understood that by this approval the undersigned do not necessarily endorse or
approve any statement made, opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but
approve the thesis only for this purpose for which it is submitted.

Board of Examiners:
1. ________________________

2. ________________________

3. ________________________

4. _____________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and respect to my

supervisor Prof. Sujoy Kumar Saha for his excellent guidance,
suggestions and constructive criticism. Working under his supervision
greatly contributed in improving quality of my project work and in
developing my engineering and management skills.

I would also like to extend special thanks to Hrishiraj Ranjan bhayia

for constantely guiding and helping us in need for discussion on project
We found him very approachable and easy to talk with.

I am extremely fortunate to be involved in such an exciting and

challenging
project. It gave me an opportunity to work in a new environment of
Fluent. This project has increased my thinking and understanding
capability.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to all my friends, and

faculty members of mechanical engineering department,IIEST Shibpur
for making my stay in IIEST,Shibpur a pleasant and memorable
experience.

I would like to thank all whose direct and indirect support helped me
in progressing my project so far.

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Contents

FORWARDING CERTIFICATE ......................................................................... 2

CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ......................................................................... 3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................... 4
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 6
PassiveTechnie................................................................................................... 8
Active_Technie .................................................................................................. 9
ACTIVE TECHNIQUE ................................................................................... 10
PASSIVE TECHNIQUE ................................................................................. 11
LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................... 13
LITERATURE ON PASSIVE HEAT TRANSFER TECHNIQUE................... 14
OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH ................................................ 24
WORK DONE SO FAR ................................................................................... 24
WORK TO BE DONE ........................................................................................ 25
REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 25

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INTRODUCTION
In this modern energy-hungry era, scientists and researchers have a keen

interest in heat transfer enhancement and heat-exchanging devices. The reason

behind this is that it has broad applications in daily life and industries. Air

conditioner, shell and tube heat exchangers, boilers, condensers, radiators,

heaters, furnaces, cooling towers, solar collectors, heating, ventilation, and air

conditioning (HVAC) equipment and refrigerators use heat-exchanging devices

with the incorporation of heat transfer units. The automotive industries, chemical

industries, petrochemical industries, and refrigeration industries are the prime

beneficiaries of heat exchangers. The viable adaptation of heat exchangers is the

hotspot for last two decades. The researchers revise the heat transfer enhancement

techniques time to time for better performance and to obtain optimized designs.

The study of improved heat transfer performance is commonly referred to

as heat transfer enhancement. Enhancement is normally concerned with

increasing the heat transfer coefficient. An enhanced surface, for example, one

physically treated surface to increase turbulence, will yield higher heat transfer

coefficients than a normal plain surface. Alternative terminology includes the

phrases 'heat transfer augmentation' and 'heat transfer intensification'. The goal

of enhancement techniques may be to reduce the size of the heat exchanger for a

given duty, to increase the capacity of an existing heat exchanger, or to reduce

the approach temperature difference. A combination of these goals is of course

feasible. It is important to mention here that enhancement of heat transfer can

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lead to an increase in pumping power. It is due to the greater resistance offered

by the modified boundary wall of the heat exchanger. Heat exchangers were

initially developed by plain (Smooth) tubes. The first survey on the techniques to

enhance single-phase forced convection heat transfer was made by Bergles and

Morton in 1965 [1]. An "enhanced heat transfer surface" has a special surface

geometry that provides a higher hA value, per unit base surface area than a plain

surface. Here comes another term, "enhancement ratio" (Eh), is the ratio of the hA

of an enhanced surface to that of a plain surface. Later, Bergles et al. (1983) [2]

proposed 13 techniques for enhancement of heat transfer. Surface coatings,

extended surfaces like fins, rough surfaces, coiled tubes, square and helical ribs,

electrostatic fields, mechanical aids, surface vibration, injection or suction,

additives for liquids and gases are heat transfer enhancement techniques.

Scientifically, these techniques are segregated into three groups as follows

(i) An active heat transfer technique

(ii) The passive heat transfer technique

(iii) The compound heat transfer technique

The active technique requires external power sources like the electric field,

acoustic field and surface vibrations for heat transfer enhancement. The passive

technique works on its own and no external power source required for

enhancement. Some examples are ribs, surface coatings, rough surfaces, extended

surfaces, etc. The compound technique is the combination of two or more passive

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and/or active technique used together. These techniques increase the

enhancement ratio. The techniques may also be categorized in terms of the mode

of heat transfer to which they are applied and this has been shown in Table 1

Forced Forced Boiling/ Condensati Mass

convecti convecti Evaporati on Transfer
on on on
(Gases) (Liquids)

Table 1. Classification of enhancement techniques by heat transfer mode [3]

PassiveTechnie
Treated surfaces -- -- A A --
Rough surfaces C B B B B
Extended surfaces A -- B B C
Displacement B -- C -- --
enhancements
Swirl flow B A B B C
Surface tensions -- -- B C --
Porous structures -- -- A C C
Additives B C C B* C

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Coiled tubes -- C -- -- --
Surface catalysis B* -- -- -- B*
Grooves and C B* -- -- --
Rivulets

Active_Technie
Mechanical Aids -- B C -- B
Surface Vibration C C -- C --
Fluid Vibration C B* B* -- B
Electrostatic fields B* -- B B A*
Other electric -- -- A* -- B*
methods
Suction/Injection C -- -- C --
Jet impingement B* C* -- -- --
Rotation -- C* A* A* A*
Induced flow B* B* -- -- --

KEYNOTE A → Very important, B→ Significant, C→ Some relevance, -- →

Not believed relevant, * → Estimated importance
This table is very important when discussing the relevance of each method to
specific types of heat recovery equipment.
However, heat transfer augmentation is a diverse and complex area but its
implications in industries have been producing cheaper, smaller and efficient heat
exchanger. Although a huge amount of experimental work on heat transfer had
been done in past years, numerical analysis of heat augmentation technique is in
a limited amount. In the next section, some numerical analysis results have been
discussed.

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ACTIVE TECHNIQUE
The active techniques are listed below

Mechanical aids: It involves the stirring of fluid by mechanical means or rotating

the surfaces. Equipment with rotating heat exchanger ducts is found in

commercial practice.

Surface vibration: Primarily used for single-phase heat transfer enhancement. A

piezoelectric device may be used to produce high or low frequency and vibrating

the surface, as in the case of spray cooling. Practically, it is difficult to implement

due to mass of heat exchangers in industries.

Fluid vibration: This is practical vibration enhancement technique used in

industries. The vibrations range from pulsations of about 1 Hz to ultrasound.

Single-phase fluids are of primary concern.

Electrostatic fields (direct current, d.c., or alternating current, a.c.): Electrostatic

fields can be directed to cause greater bulk mixing of fluid in the vicinity of the

heat

transfer surface. Application of an electric field to a dielectric fluid is termed an

electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) effect.

Injection: It is utilized by supplying gas through a porous heat transfer surface

to a flow of liquid or by injecting the same liquid upstream of the heat transfer

section. Bubble injection is a typical technique that has been investigated

regularly to augment single-phase flow.

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Suction: It involves vapor removal, in nucleate or film boiling, or fluid

withdrawal in single-phase flows through a porous heated surface.

Jet impingement: In this method, single-phase fluid directs toward the surface.

Single or multiple jets with different approach directions have been used by

different researchers and this technique is in common practice.

PASSIVE TECHNIQUE
The passive techniques are listed below

Coated surface: This may be used to enhance single-phase convection or

condensation. It involves metallic or non-metallic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic

coating on the surface.

Rough surfaces: In practical applications, it can be either integral to the surface

the base surface, or made by placing a "roughness" adjacent to the surface. For

single-phase flow, the configuration is generally chosen to promote mixing in the

boundary layer near the surface, rather than to increase the heat transfer surface

area.

Extended surfaces: These are frequently implemented in heat exchangers for

many decades. Thermal resistance can be minimized by extended surface as it

provides larger area. Modifications and special geometries in extended surface

may provide increased convective heat transfer coefficient. Shorter fins are used

for liquids and relatively higher fins are used for gases because heat transfer

coefficient of liquid is higher than that of gases. Micro-fin is trending in the

market and regularly used condensation and vaporization enhancement.

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Displacement insert: It is used to improve energy transport at the heated surface

indirectly and applicable in both single-phase and two-phase flow. The typical

example of displacement insert is wire coil, it promotes mixing within the

boundary layer, without significantly affecting the main flow.

Swirl flow: It includes full-length twisted-tape inserts, vortex generators and

axial core inserts with a screw-type winding which promotes rotating or

secondary flow.

Coiled tubes: Secondary flow in the coiled tube produces higher single-phase

coefficients and improvement in most boiling regimes. It may provide compact

heat exchangers.

Additives for liquids: It includes solid particles or gas bubbles in single-phase

flow. Typically, Al2O3, CuO, ZnO, TiO2 are some solid nanoparticles used as

additives in liquids. The fluid having inclusions of nanoparticles are known as

nano-fluids.

Additives for gases: The additives are liquid droplets or solid particles, either

dilute-phase (Gas-solid suspensions) or dense-plate (Packed tubes and fluidized

bed)

Combination of two or more of the either active or passive or both results

compound enhancement technique. The enhancement due to compound

technique is very imperative and greater than the individual techniques. In the

current situation, passive enhancement techniques are commercially used due to

advantages over active technique. The lack of use of the active techniques is

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related to the cost, noise, safety, or reliability concerns associated with the

enhancement device. These observations and demand of current situation compel

me to work in the direction of heat transfer as there is lot of potential in this field

and many techniques are yet to be numerically analyzed.

In heat exchangers, the fluids (air, ethanol, water, nano-fluids, etc) flow

through the channel or duct. The flow pattern, the drag force, fluid properties

govern the heat transfer rate through the boundary wall. While the heat transfer

coefficient can be increased two- to threefold, the pressure drop also increases by

the same amount or more depending on boundary wall geometries. These can be

done by numerical analysis and using CFD module. The CFD stands for

computational fluid dynamics. By the use of CFD, the fluid pattern and the

boundary layers can be easily visualized. Many software like Ansys and Comsol

are already developed, which can be implicated to simulate the heat transfer

through the channel or duct.

LITERATURE REVIEW
In the last three-decade, lots of literature on heat transfer enhancement have been
published. The journal and conference paper published from 1870 to 2001 has
been summarized by Manglik and Bergles and presented in Fig. 1. The progress
and potentials in heat transfer augmentation have been redacted from many
relevant works of literature and discussed in this section. Some researchers like
Webb and Bergles , Manglik and Bergles and Saha investigated active, passive
and compound technique and their research was remarkable in the field of heat
transfer enhancement.

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 Fig.1.

LITERATURE ON PASSIVE HEAT TRANSFER TECHNIQUE

Although an active and passive technique both enhances the rate of heat

transfer, passive technique has upper hand over active technique as discussed in

introduction section. Thus, this research work related to passive heat transfer

enhancement technique. For effective heat transfer augmentation, the basic idea

about fluid flow should be taken into consideration. The boundary layer near the

wall, act as thermal resistance and it can be visualized by dye visualization

.technique. The effect of presence of twisted tape on fluid flow pattern has been

investigated by Thianpong et al. They studied the heat transfer and pressure

drop characteristics considering the Reynolds number range 5500–20,500. In

comparison to typical twisted tape, modified twisted tape with the new

geometries provides better fluid mixing at the expense of increased friction

factor. The fluid flow pattern in the plain tube twisted tape and perforated

twisted tapes were presented via dye visualization technique and presented in

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Fig. 2. Saha et al. experimentally investigated the heat transfer and pressure

drop characteristics in a circular tube fitted with regularly spaced twisted-tape

elements connected by a thin circular rod. The investigation was carried out in

turbulent regime. The characteristics were governed by Reynolds number,

Prandtl number, twist ratio, space ratio, and rod –to-tube diameter ratio. They

compared the performance of full-length twisted tape and regularly spaced

twisted tape of same thickness, twist ratio. Pal and Saha experimentally

investigated the laminar fluid flow and heat transfer through a circular duct

having integral spiral rib and twisted tapes with oblique teeth. This combination

generated swirl flow and vortex in the flow. Also, there may be enhanced fluid

mixing with increased heat and momentum diffusion. They studied the thermo-

hydraulic performance and presented friction factor and Nusselt number

correlations. They found that the combination of spiral rib and twisted tape

escalated the rate of heat transfer than the individual technique. They claimed

that they achieved 126 % increase in Nusselt number and 35 % increase in

friction factor with respect to plain tube.

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 Fig. 2. Visualization of flows through (a) plain tube, (b) TT and (c) PTT

[7]

Hong et al. experimentally investigated the turbulent thermo-hydraulic

characteristics in a plain tube by using overlapped multiple twisted tapes

(MTTs). The value of overlapped twist ratios varied from 0.74 to 2.97,

Reynolds number from 5800 to 19,200 and tape number changed from 3 to 5.

They used air as working fluid. Heat transfer tests and pressure drop

experiments were conducted at constant heat flux and isothermal conditions,

respectively. They compared the values of Nusselt number, friction factor,

overall thermal performance evaluation criterion (PEC), entropy generation and

entransy dissipation of MTTs. It was found from the experimental results that

Nusselt number and friction factor increases with increasing tape number and

decreasing overlapped twist ratio. They observed that entropy generation can be

reduced by increasing the tape number and decreasing the overlapped twist

ratio. They developed thermo-hydraulic empirical correlations with deviations

of ± 5% and compared the experimental results with previous studies.

Boonloi and Jedsadaratanachai (2016) [11] reported an assessment on heat

transfer, pressure loss and thermal performance in a circular tube heat

exchanger with modified twisted tapes. They investigated the influences of the

hole sizes (LR = 0.3, 0.44, 0.78) and twisted ratios (y/D = 1, 1.5, 2 and 4) on

thermo-hydraulic characteristics with numerical method in turbulent regime (Re

= 3000–10,000). The rectangular holes were cut out from normal twisted tape.

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Numerical results were compared for smooth tube and regular twisted tape. It

was found that modified twisted tape created longitudinal vortex flows that

helped to increase fluid mixing, thus heat transfer rate became higher than that

of smooth tube. It was found that holes of twisted tape helped to reduce the

pressure loss. The numerical results analysis suggested that maximum thermal

enhancement factor was around 1.31 and 1.39 for the single-twisted tape and

double-twisted tape, respectively, at R = 3000, LR = 0.78 and TR = 1.

Eiamsa-ard et al. investigated the thermo-hydraulic performance of

modified twisted tape in a tube. The modified twisted tape was manufactured

from a plain tube. The modified twisted tape with center wings was developed

by punching delta-wing with central alignment. Twisted tape consisting of

alternate axis was generated by cutting both sides, and lastly twisted tape with

center wings and alternate axes were made by performing operations for the

center wing and then moved to operation for alternate wings. The objective of

the experiment was to evaluate the effects of these three modifications and find

the best design for heat transfer enhancement. Their experimental results were

related to the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor ( f ) and thermal performance

factor (η) variation with the modified twisted tapes. They plotted the effect of

Nusselt number for modified twisted tape with different angles of attack and

compared it with plain twisted tape. Similarly, they plotted friction factor and

performance factor, respectively. They proposed the correlations which govern

the friction factor and Nusselt number. Eiamsa-ard et al. (2010a, b, c, d, e)

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concluded that the combination of wing and alternate axis performed better than

that of individual and plain tubes. They found that the pressure drop increased

with the angle of attack, and it was found to be the factor ( ft/fp) was 4.4–6.9

and 6.48–8.4 for the wing and wing-embossed transverse axis twisted tape,

respectively. Finally, they summarized that wing-embossed transverse axis

twisted tape with the highest attack angle (β = 74) generated the highest Nusselt

number (Nu), friction factor (f) as well as thermal performance factor (η).

Eiamsa-ard et al. numerically simulated the swirling flow and convective

heat transfer in a circular tube induced by means of twisted tapes. They

considered two different twist ratio of 2.5 and 5.0 for mathematical modeling.

They counted the effect of center clearance ratio on Nusselt number (Nu),

friction factor (f) and thermal performance factor (η). They worked in the

turbulent flow regime for Reynolds number ranging from 3,000 to 10,000. They

solved Navier–Stokes equation in common with an energy equation using the

SIMPLE technique with the standard k–ε turbulence model, the Renormalized

Group (RNG) k–ε turbulence model, the standard k–ω turbulence model, and

Shear Stress Transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. They validated the results

with Manglik and Bergles (1993) [19] and found that results were in good

agreement. They simulated and presented the mean flow patterns in a tube with

loose-fit twisted tape in terms of contour plots of velocity, path-line, pressure,

temperature and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and compared with tight-fit

twisted tapes.

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 Li et al. (2013) [20] presented both experimental and numerical analysis on

thermo-hydraulic characteristics of channel flow having ribs with a rectangular

cross-section. Continuous transverse ribs with large pitch-to-height ratios have

been considered for the analysis. The range flow regime with 57,000 < Re <

127,000 was considered. The heat transfer coefficients in the region between

ribs were calculated using liquid crystal thermography. For numerical analysis,

the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations have been employed to

represent the physical problem. The realizable k-ε turbulence model has been

used.

Barba et al. (2002) [21] experimentally investigated thermo-hydraulic

performance in the corrugated tube. They used highly viscous Newtonian fluid

ethylene glycol whose Prandtl number decreased with the increase in

temperature. They worked at moderate Reynolds number (100 < Re < 800) and

altered it with alteration in mass flow rate. They used the corrugated tube which

was manufactured from the plain tube. Nusselt number had an oscillating

tendency with the increasing longitudinal axis. They found that heat transfer

enhancement increased significantly with Reynolds number whereas Prandtl

number did not influence much. The range of heat transfer was in between 4.27

and 16.79. Taking care of actual design they plotted pressure drop against

thermal resistance transfer coefficient. They found significant heat transfer

augmentation using corrugated tube. Numerically, thermal resistance was

0.2806 C/W for the plain tube, and it got reduced to 0.01–0.07 C/W for

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corrugated tubes. Also, the friction factor increased 1.83–2.45 times greater than

that of a smooth tube.

Mohammed et al. numerically investigated and studied the thermal and

hydraulic characteristics of two-phase forced convection using nano-fluids.

They simulated nano-fluid flow with four nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and

ZnO) in base fluid (water) with convergent and divergent conical ring inserts.

They concluded that nano-fluids containing SiO2nano-particles performed best

among the four. They claimed that the performance enhancement provided by

divergent ring inserts was 365% higher than the plain tube. The experimental

and numerical values suggested that the two-phase mixture model is more

precise than that of single-phase model.

Fig. 3. Performance of SiO2(a) and divergent ring inserts in two-phase flow (b)

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Bhattacharya et al. (2012) [24] experimented heat transfer enhancement in a
circular tube having internal transverse rib roughness and fitted with center-
cleared twisted-tape in the laminar regime. They presented the correlation for
friction factor and Nusselt number to predict pressure drop and heat transfer
coefficient. They developed correlations by log-linear regression analysis. They
experimentally found that thermo-hydraulic performance of center cleared
twisted tapes in combination with integral transverse ribs performs significantly
better than the individual enhancement technique acting alone for laminar flow
through a circular duct up to a certain amount of center-clearance. They presented
experimental data and discussed the effect of center clearance of twisted tape on
friction factor and Nusselt number, respectively. This has been presented in Fig.

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 Fig. 4. Effect of centre clearance of twisted-tape on friction factor (a) and

Effect of centre clearance of twisted-tape on Nusselt number (b), rib pitch=

2.0437 and e/Dh = 0.1026 (For both figures (a) and (b))

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 The heat transfer and the pressure drop characteristics of laminar flow of

viscous oil through rectangular and square ducts with internal transverse rib

turbulators on two opposite surfaces of the ducts and fitted with twisted tapes

have been studied experimentally. The tapes have been full length, short length,

and regularly spaced types. The transverse ribs in combination with full-length

twisted tapes have been found to perform better than either ribs or twisted tapes

acting alone. The heat transfer and the pressure drop measurements have been

taken in separate test sections. Heat transfer tests were carried out in electrically

heated stainless steel ducts incorporating uniform wall heat flux boundary

conditions. Pressure drop tests were carried out in acrylic ducts. The flow was

periodically fully developed in the regularly spaced twisted-tape elements case

and decaying swirl flow in the short-length twisted tapes case. The flow

characteristics are governed by twist ratio, space ratio, and length of twisted

tape, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, rod-to-tube diameter ratio, duct aspect

ratio, rib height, and rib spacing. Correlations developed for friction factor and

Nusselt number have predicted the experimental data satisfactorily. The

performance of the geometry under investigation has been evaluated. It has been

found that on the basis of both constant pumping power and constant heat duty,

the regularly spaced twisted-tape elements in specific cases perform marginally

better than their full-length counterparts. However, the short-length twisted-tape

performance is worse than the full-length twisted tapes. Therefore, full-length

twisted tapes and regularly spaced twisted-tape elements in combination with

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transverse ribs are recommended for laminar flows. However, the short-length

twisted tapes are not recommended.

OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT RESEARCH

As discussed in earlier sections, this study related to the heat transfer

augmentation. It can be achieved in three ways, active, passive or compound heat
transfer technique. The literature and their remarkable results are in favor of
compound technique, after that passive technique and at last active technique. So,
this study is mainly subjected to compound heat transfer enhancement technique
where combination of two passive heat transfer devices can be used. The
objective of this study is to analyze the experimental research work and physical
problems where passive heat transfer techniques were used. The study will give
clear idea of fluid flow pattern, heat transfer rate incorporated with different
situations and arrangements. The study will help in optimization and will predict
the limit of heat transfer augmentation for particular set of arrangement.

WORK DONE SO FAR

The heat transfer augmentation is a versatile topic. There are lots of research
papers are available in this area. Taking consideration of all parts is impossible
for any student. Thus, this study and literature review related to the single-
phase passive and compound heat transfer techniques.

The literature related to heat transfer enhancement has been

reviewed comprehensively.

The project's problem has been identified.

Learning basics of drawing components on design modeler.

Developing a 3 D structure of the components involved in our study.

After reviewing the literature and being able to develop the components on the
design modeler we have a quite clear picture of the project problem. We have

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come across that the numerical simulation can help us in calculating
approximate outcomes in different situations.

WORK TO BE DONE

Numerical simulation and study provide a comparison between different cases at

a time, it will contribute to draw a broad idea of heat transfer enhancement
technique and its suitable and reasonable implication. The results can be used in
industrial applications. After reviewing the literature and designing the
components on the design modeler, we will be aiming at simulating the model in
ANSYS fluent. For numerical analysis, the modeling and simulation of physical
problems will be dealing with the Ansys.

As our study was on heat transfer in a pipe flow in a pipe having twisted tapes as
inserts, which tends to enhance heat transfer. We will be calculating results for
different flow regimes and thermal properties in the fluid flow will be calculated.
Further we will be aiming at simulation for different tapes having different
dimensions. After reviewing the results on numerical analysis in the passive or
compound heat transfer enhancement technique. We will be comparing it with
experimental results obtained previously, if found reasonable may pose as a
breakthrough as it will help us in predicting results for different situations.

REFERENCES

1.A. E. Bergles and H.L. Morton , “Survey and evaluation of techniques to

augment convective heat transfer,”1965.

2.Sujoy K.Saha,Debashis Pramnaik,”Themohydraulics of Laminar Flow

Through Rectangular and Square Ducts with Transverse Ribs and Twisted
Tapes “.

3.S.Bhattacharyya,S.Saha and S.K.Saha,”Laminar flow heat transfer

enhancement in a circular tube having integral transverse rib roughness and
fitted with centre-cleared twisted -tape,”Experimental Thermal and Fluid
Science, vol. 44,pp.727-735,2013.

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