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BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1

Chapter 1 introduces biology as the study of living organisms, emphasizing its importance in food production and disease control. It outlines various fields of study within biology, including botany, zoology, and microbiology, as well as characteristics of living things such as cellular structure, metabolism, growth, movement, irritability, and reproduction. The chapter highlights the complexity and diversity of life, showcasing the interconnectedness of biological research and everyday life.

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20 views

BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1

Chapter 1 introduces biology as the study of living organisms, emphasizing its importance in food production and disease control. It outlines various fields of study within biology, including botany, zoology, and microbiology, as well as characteristics of living things such as cellular structure, metabolism, growth, movement, irritability, and reproduction. The chapter highlights the complexity and diversity of life, showcasing the interconnectedness of biological research and everyday life.

Uploaded by

miyaminsan08
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

ITRODUCTION TO
BIOLOGY
1.1 THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY

• Biology- the study of living things

A large variety exists

On the land, in the water and air

• Living things- Organisms ~ plants, animals


including humans and other organisms

• Biology deals with; the study of all organisms


that live or have ever lived on the earth
1.1.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOLOGY IN
EVERYDAY LIFE

• Biology; fundamental and important science

bacteria, protista, fungi, plants, animal;human

structures, functions associated

respective environment

• Biological advances in 2 areas

Food production and disease control

• Plants & animal breeders modified organisms


to yield greater amounts of food and how do
they improve food production in plants with
better farming practice.

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• Biological research has also improved food
production by developing controls for the
disease organisms, pests and weeds that
reduce yields. Biologists must understand the
nature of these harmful organisms to develop
effective control methods.

1.1.1 THE DIFFERENT FIELDS OF STUDY IN


BIOLOGY

MAIN BRANCHES
1. Botany: plants
2. Zoology: animals
3. Microbiology: microscopic organisms

OTHER BRANCHES
4. Morphology: forms & structures of
organisms
5. Anatomy: gross internal structures
6. Histology: microscopic structures of
tissues
7. Cytology: cells
8. Physiology: living processes or functions of
the various parts of organisms
9. Embryology: early development of
organisms
10. Paleontology: fossils (the remains of

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organisms that lived millions of years ago,
now preserved in rocks)
11. Taxonomy: classification of organisms
12. Ecology: the relationships of organisms to
their environments
13. Biodiversity: varieties among living
organisms
14. Evolution: the origin and change in forms
of organisms over time
15. Genetics: heredity & variations
16. Mycology: fungi
17. Protistology: protists
18. Virology: viruses
19. Bacteriology: bacteria
20. Molecular Biology: molecules in organisms
21. Biotechnology: utilization of living
organisms in industrial processes
22. Bioinformatics: information technology to
interpret molecular biology data

1.1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

CELLULAR STRUCTURE
• All living things ~ the living substance called
protoplasm which forms the basis of cells.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules that carry

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the biological information

Cells of plants and animals organized> tissues

in turn organized>

organs and systems

• These structures are responsible for carrying


out various life process

METABOLISM
• The sum of the various processes that give the
organism’s life

• Two aspects: anabolism & catabolism


• Anabolism Catabolism

The food material - when broke down, releases

is made into a part energy and results in the

of the organisms. formation of waste products

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• The important metabolic processes take place
in organisms involve the utilization of food~
nutrition, respiration & excretion

GROWTH
• Seen as an increase in size, weight resulting
from

the use of food to further develop

structures in organisms

MOVEMENT
• Obvious in animals- have organs of movement
or locomotion
• Plants’ movements mainly take place inside the
cells although some results from a stimulus
such as light

IRITABILLITY
• Living things respond to stimulus. The stimulus
can be any changes in the environment (light,
sound, touch, temperature, etc.) which brings

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about a reaction in an organism due to a
sensitivity to the stimulus.

REPRODUCTION
• Production of a new generation of offspring
• Two types- Sexual & Asexual

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