IThis question paper contains 8 printed pages.

Your Roll No................

Sr. No. of Question Paper : 4106 H

Unique Paper Code 2372012402

Name ol the Paper Total Quality Management

Name of the Course B.Sc. (Hons.) Statistics (NEP-UGCF)

Semester IV

Duration : 3 Hour Maximum Marks : 90

Instru ctions for Candidates

I . Write your Roll No. on the top immediately o rpt lon

2. Attempt five questions in all.

3. Q. No. I is compulsory.

1 Also attempt three questions from Section A and one question from
Section B.

5. Use of non-programmable scientific calculator is allowed.

6. Required Statistical tables are attached with the paper.

P.T.O.
4r06 2

l. (i) Fill in the blanks

(a) Noise is a synonym of- whereas systematic error is also called

cause of variation.

(b) Six Sigrna is a rnoasure of variation that represents ppm.

(c) Lean manufacturing is a business philosophy developed at the

-
company to eliminate all forms of in the production process.
-
(d) Type I and type II errors in hypothesis
- testing are also called as

and respectively.

(e) Process average

- is controlled by X-bar chart whereas process
variability may be controlled by or

(f) Acceptance sampling plans for product

- control
-. were developed by
and

(ii) List the magnificent -.

seven tools of SPC?

(iii) How does revised control limits difTer from rejection limits?

(iv) What are the three approaches of lot sentencing? Give one justification/
example each for choosing these approaches.

(v) Plot any three important points on an operating-characteristics (OC)

curye. (1x6,3x4)
4106 -t

Section A

2 (a) Assuming quality characteristic is a normally distributed variable

measurable on a weighing scale, 25 Samples of size n : 4 each are

taken from a manufacturing process every hour. Discuss and derive the

construction of appropriate control chart to bring the process under statistical

control.

(b) Samples of size n = 5 are collected from a process every halfhour. After

the collection of 50 samples, the calculated x : 20.0 and E : 1.5. Assume

that both charts exhibit control and that the quality characteristic is normally

distributed.

(i) Estimate the process standard deviation.

(ii) Find the control limits on the x and s charts

(iii) If the process mean shifts to 22, what is the probability ofconcluding
that the process is still in control? (9,9)

3 (a) Explain how you would proceed to draw control charts when the data

available is for a qualitative characteristic and the sizes ofthe sample drawn

are different. Derive appropriate control charts by using any one approximate

method and one exact method.

P.T.O
.l106 4

(b) The control chart for X and R -chart has been initiated for controlling

variation in the diameter of one end of a shaft. The specification

mentioned are 1140*10 units. After 30 sub-groups of 5 shafts each has

been examined,

30 30

la
i=1
= rnrro a,a ln,
i=l
= rrs

(i) Estimate the mean p. and standard deviation o of the process assuming

the process is in statistical control?

(ii) Determine the 3-sigma limits for X and R charts?

(iii) Determine the natural tolerance limits for I chart? (e,e)

4 (a) Draw a pictorial plot of standard control limits, natural tolerance limits and

specification limits on the same chart showing the relation among the different

limits and discuss the concept of process capability.

(b) Obtain the control limits for number of defects per unit; also obtain the
control limits for average number ofdefects per unit giving clearly the statistical

concept used? Explain the advantage of latter over former type of control

charts. (9,9)
4106 5

s. (a) (i) Explain single sampling plan for attributes and obtain the expressions

for consumer's risk.

(ii) If the lot size N:10,000 then for p:0.02, using the information from
the given table find AOQ, ASN and ATI for this plan.

Probabilities of Acceptance for the Single-Sampling

Plann=89,c=2

Fraction Defective, p Probability ofAcceptance, P"

0.005 0.989 7

0.010 0.9397

0.020 0 .7 366

0.03 0 0.4985

0.040 0.3042

(b) Discuss the choice of single and double sampling plan for attributes. Plot and

obtain the expression for ASN in each sampling plan. (9,9)

Section B

6. (a) Define Six Sigma. What are the main concepts of Six Sigma?

P.T.O
4106 6

(b) Explain some of the common pitfalls that can help leaders recognize the

early signs of problems that can potentially derail an otherwise successful

Six Sigma launch. (9,9)

7 . (a) Define Voice of the Customer (VOC). Explain the various ways to collect
VOC data.

(b) What are the various activities of Measure phase? Name the most common
Six Sigma tools used during the Measure Phase and explain various types of
Measures. (9,9)
 4106 7

CuDr slh. sl"rndrrd :iorlrd Dtglribodoa

o(:)= [: I
-Le-r
r'L
-

i (L0a, 6,01 o.{tr or:} . 0r{ 0Jt6 0,06

0.o 0-s}399 0.50?9t 0-51,97 0.5t595 0,5199{ o_5?f92 05?7q} o.5tt88 0.s1586
0.r 053983 0-33?9 0.5{776 0_5517: 0.Jt567 0J5!62 0J6356 0.567J9 0.57tJ2 0.5?5t4
\ 0.2 0.51926 O.5n3l? 0.:E706 0_59095 0.59.{&1 0-5987t 0.&1257 0.60t12 0.61026 0.6t1O9
0J ,. 0.6179r , -0.62r?2 i 0i25:r o.eiio- 0.63Jd, " dc68r t .6.b$ 0.6.4!1 0-6t88 O.6tr?3
0..r o5J32 0n59J0 0.62276:. '0.66610 !.6f00r. 0.6?16r . O67Zt O.68m 0.614!8 0.58191
0.5 O-6,9t,i6 O.6ygl 0.(lrt/17 0-ml9{ O.TtttO 0.7(BAl O-7t 0.?1566 O7l9Ol O.?2:4o
0.6 0.71575 0.?:907 0.?t237 0-7t565 0.7189t 0.7{lti 0.?4t3? o.74E' 0.?J175 0.?5a90
o-7 0.r5t03 0.?51t5 0J6{24 0-76710 O-I,OI5 0.??!3? o.n617 0.n$5 0.i8230 0.?8523
o_8 0.7a81{ o,?9t03 0.79389 0.?16?3 0.79954 0.8{,23 0.805to 0.80785 0.8tO5? 0.81t2?
0.9 0tt59r o.tr*t9 0.a2t2l o.s2rst o.tldts o.t?tgl o33t{? oslt97 (Itl6t6 o.tttgr
ro or{t.}4 0.t43?5 (16,1613 os4849 O.8vB3 O.S5I4 O.&t9t3 O.&rr8 035993 0.E62tJ
r.I o.tdr3, 0.86650 01686r o.rrm6 o.rr:t' 0x?49J crr6.I7 0.6?9d, 0r8tm 0.tt29,
t.2 0.Ea49l 0.88686 0.88877 0.t9055 0.8e15t 0.6t{3J 0.896'6 0.89796 0.89973 0.90t.r?
1.3 0.903:0 o.qNql o.96t8 0.908?i o.9093E o.et lJ9 r.9t30a 0.91.165 091621 0.91?71
I.J 0-9t924 0.9:{rD 0.9:219 0.9:164 0.9:5{b 0.9261? 0.91?t5 0.9322 0.93055 0.93tt9
lJ.-. o.933r9, ..093448 0.9311?,+ 0.93619 091122 i).939i] 03|062 0-i{t?9 014295 o.e4{E
tt 0.9454) 0.9{6:10 O9,t738 0.944{5 O.e495l} 0.9505r O.95t54 0.95254 0.95J52 O.95.uS
l.?. o35t{1 . o9t6t7 . o.9t72A , Or53r8 o.esqgr: o96e9{ ,o.p(fi, o.5r54 :o-ir6246 o.rit3c,
r.8 0-!64{' 0.96a85 0.96562 0.X63? 0.96?r I 0.96784 0.96u6 0.96926 0.960S5 0.9?062
r,9 0.9712A O.qrt93 0.9?257 0.97320 0_97t8 t 0,9?.t4t 0"975s 0.97558 0976!5 0.976?0
/o 0.97?25 09n14 0.9?81 0.9?882 0.e79.r2 0.979t2 0.9m30 0.91077 09tt24 0,St6e
}t oJ62l4 0-9a257 o9Siltr [L9r3, O9B3t2 0.98ta lL9&t6I 0.98.*D O.9t537 o$u
22 o. 6tO O.9SC|5 0.9t5?9 098?t3 0.93?45 0.9t7t ogtar!, o.9s84o 09ss?o o9at99
z3 GS!r28 0.98956 CSCB3 ttgDto O.tnO!5 o9s6t o-99G6 0.99[ t 0.99tI O99t5E
2_{ 0.!91lx, 0.994t2 0.992,15 0.99266 0.t9?r6 0.99105 0.9912{ 0.991.13 0.99t6t
25 0.9179 0.91396 0.99J1! o.9*']0 0.9r{.{S 0.9916t 0-99,a77 0.99dt2 0.99506 0.99520
7.6 0.99534 0.995.17 0.99560 0_99573 0-qr585 0.99598 0.996a' O.9962t 0.94632 0.91613
27 099653 0.9966i., q9ri?4 0995E, O996p3 oryr(p o.9vir r' O.99?a' Ogtt?, t*ri]E
2.A O.vn* 0.99752 0.9t 60 0.9yt67 . Ovt7j.l o.rr&t O9grtt Ot9795 o.gegll C9980?
z? . 0.996ll ., Q,rgEt, (tr9sl! -. 0.9mlr ..qr?qj6 0.99811. o9s{6 qr985t ''o-99t56 .o99r6t
3.0 0.99E65 0.9$6e 0.998?* &99878 0.99382 0_99686 0.99t89 0.99891 0.9t97 0.999m
l-t 0,99903 0.9t 06 &99910 4999l] 0-99916 0.999tr O.9992t 0.99924 0-99925 0.99929
3_2 0.9x)3! 0.9993 A.9t9ln 0.9S9tt 0.99940 0"9*12 0_q)9+{ 0.99945 0.99}tt O.999J0
oJE952 9,99053 ('gttt5 . 0-9995? . q99958 O.9996a,. (I!9961 0-99962 , q996r 0.e996s
.

3.t 0.9966 . 0.9996E 0.99.16p O99tm o.gql'.n 0.99ry72 (I99?l O.vrn{ G99975 0.9{Xn6
]J o-wrn or)99/E O999',r8 0.99yD 0.999t{' O.0998t 0.9ot tt 0.999&1 0.9998' O.99tS3
3.6 0.rr99&1 0.99935 0.99985 0.ryr86 0.99986 0-t9987 0.99$n 0,99988 0,99913 0.99989
3.1 o-99989 0.99990 0.99S90 0.99990 0.99991 O.94t9t 0.9990: 0.98991 0.9999: 0-9999?
1.8 0.99993 o.999J 0.9993 0.90941 0.999*r O.9S99t O.999e{ O.99ee5 099995 0_rr9e5
3.9 0.9,,95 o.9999J 0.99996 0.99996 099996 0-99196 0.99996 t 9496 0.9999? 0.9999?

P.T.O.
 ( (

o
o
O
TABLE FACTORS USEFUL THE CONSTBUCTION OF CONTROL CHAFTS o
o
Irlean chart o.
Stondard'Ndeviation chart Ilange chart
o Sample Factors for control limits Factors for
u
size Standard deyiation cbart Factors for Range chaa
o centrs] line central line
co
n A .{
o
A2 c2 Br B2 Bi B. d2 D D2 D., D, o-
a
2 2.t27 3.?60
3 t.232
1.886 0.5642 0 1.843 0 3.297 1.128 0 3.686 0 3.267 o
ri 2.394 1.02a 0.7236 0 1.858 0 2.568 1.693 0 4.358 0 .o
a 4 r.500 1.880 0.729 0.7979 0 1.8080 0 2.266 2.O59 0 4.698 0 2.282 I
6 1.342 1.596 o.677 I
I 0.8407 0 7.756 0 2.089 2.326 0 4.918 0
6 1.225 1.410 0.483 0.8686 0.026 1.? 11
I
O 0.030 1.970 2.534 0 5.078 0 2.00{ I
7 1.134 L.27',| 0.419 0.8882 0.105 1.672 0.118 r.882 2.104 0.205 5.203 0.0?6 1.92.1 I
U) 8 1.061 1.r75
a 0.373 0.902? 0.167 1.638 0.185 1.815 2.841 0.387 5.307 0.136 1.66{ E
9 1.000 r.094 0.337 0.9139 0.219 1.609 0.239 1.761 2.970 0.546 5.394 0.1s4 1.815 I
A
o l0 0.949 1.028 0.308 0.9227 o.262 1.584 0.2u 1.716 3_078
I
a
0.68? 5.469 o.223 1.17i
ca al 0.906 0.9?9 0.285 0.9300 0.299 1:56i 0.321 1.679 3.173 0.812 I
to lg 0.866 0.926 0.266 0.9359 0.331 1.541 0.354 1.646 3.258
5.534 0.256 1.7{.1 o
0.924 5.592 0.281 1.?16 I
18 0.892 0;884 0.%9 0.9410 0.369 1.623 0.382 1.618 3.336 1.026 5.646 0.308
I{ 0.802 0.54s 0.295 0.945A 0.384 1.507 0.406 1.594 3.407 1.121 5.693 0.329
1.69:
1q o.776 0.816
1.67 r l
0.223 0.9499 0.406 7.492 0.428 1.5't2 3.472 7.20'.1 5.787 0348 1.65?
! l6 0.769 0.788 o.2t2 0.9523 o.427 r.4?8 0.448 1.552 3.532 1.285 5.7?9 0.36.r l.6ii6 i
t7 0.0728 o.762 0.203 0.995I 0.445 1,466 0.466 1.584 3,688 1.859
IJ.
5.817 0.i.I79 1.621
l8 0.707 0.738 0. r94 0.95?6 0.461 1.454 0.482 1.518 3.640 1.426 !
5.854 0.392 1.665 o
o
ts 0.68t 0.717 0.187 0.9599 o.477 7.443 0.497 1.503 3.689 1.490 5.888
I

1.598
c0
N 0.671 0.69i 0.180 9.9619 0.491 1-4ts3 0.510 1.499 3.735 r.548 5.922
0.,10.1
0.{l.l 1.5s6
2t 0,655 0.679 6.173 0.9638 0.604 1.424 0.623 1.4't'l g;118 1.606
I
5.950
tr n 0.640 0.662 0.167 0.9656 0.616 1.415 0.684 1.466 3.819 1.659 5.979
0..1:5
0.{31
1.575
o n 0.626 0.64? 0.162 0.9670 0.527 1.40? 0.646 1.455 3.868 1.710 6.006 0..r.lJ
r.5(j6
1.557 .o
24 o.612 0.632 0.157 0.9684 0.638 1.399 0.655 1.4!15 3:S5 1.?69
d
6.031 0..r53 1.5{8
% 0.600 0.610 0.153 0.9698 0.648 r.393 0.665 f.!BE 3.98I 1.804
t-. 6.058 0..r59 1.5,tl