Type A : Short Answer Questions/Conceptual Questions

Question 1

What is the common structure of Python compound statements?

Answer

The common structure of a Python compound statement is as shown below:

<compound statement header>:

<indented body with multiple simple\
and/or compound statements>

It has the following components:

1. A header line which begins with a keyword and ends with a colon.
2. A body containing a sequence of statements at the same level of indentation.

Question 2

What is the importance of the three programming constructs?

Answer

The importance of the three programming constructs is a given below:

1. Sequence — Statements get executed sequentially.

2. Selection — Execution of statements depends on a condition test.
3. Repetition\Iteration — Repetition of a set of statements depends on a condition test.

Question 3

What is empty statement in Python? What is its need?

Answer

In Python, an empty statement is pass statement. Its syntax is:

pass
When pass statement is encountered, Python does nothing and moves to next statement in the
flow of control.

It is needed in those instances where the syntax of the language requires the presence of a
statement but where the logic of the program does not.

Question 4

Which Python statement can be termed as empty statement?

Answer

In Python, an empty statement is pass statement. Its syntax is:

pass

Question 5

What is an algorithm?

Answer

An algorithm is defined as the sequence of instructions written in simple English that are
required to get the desired results. It helps to develop the fundamental logic of a problem that
leads to a solution.

Question 6

What is a flowchart? How is it useful?

Answer

A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm. It uses boxes of different shapes to

represent different types of instructions. These boxes are connected with arrow marks to
indicate the flow of operations. It helps in:

1. Communication — The pictorial representation of the flowchart provides better

communication. It is easier for the programmer to explain the logic of a program.
2. Effective Analysis — It is a very useful technique, as flowchart is a pictorial
representation that helps the programmer to analyze the problem in detail.

Question 7

Draw flowchart for displaying first 10 odd numbers.

Answer
Question 8

What is entry-controlled loop?

Answer

An entry-controlled loop checks the condition at the time of entry. Only if the condition is
true, the program control enters the body of the loop.

Question 9

What are the four elements of a while loop in Python?

Answer

The four elements of a while loop in Python are:

1. Initialization Expressions — It initializes the loop control variable and it is given

outside the while loop before the beginning of the loop.
2. Test Expression — If its truth value is true then the loop-body gets executed
otherwise not.
3. The Body of the Loop — It is the set of statements that are executed repeatedly in
loop.
4. Update Expressions — It updates the value of loop control variable and it is given
inside the while loop.

Question 10

What is the difference between else clause of if-else and else clause of Python loops?

Answer

The else clause of an if-else statement is executed when the condition of the if statement
results into false. The else clause of a loop is executed when the loop is terminating normally
i.e., when its test condition has become false for a while loop or when the for loop has
executed for the last value in sequence.

Question 11

In which cases, the else clause of a loop does not get executed?

Answer

The else clause of a loop does not get executed if the loop is terminated due to the execution
of a break statement inside the loop.

Question 12

What are jump statements? Name them.

Answer

Jump statements are used to unconditionally transfer program control to other parts within a
program. Python provides the below jump statements:

1. break
2. continue

Question 13

How and when are named conditions useful?

Answer

Sometimes the conditions being used in the code are complex and repetitive. In such cases, to
make the program more readable and maintainable, named conditions can be used.

Question 14

What are endless loops ? Why do such loops occur?

Answer

A loop which continues iterating indefinitely and never stops is termed as an endless or
infinite loop. Such loops can occur primarily due to two reasons:

1. Logical errors when the programmer misses updating the value of loop control
variable.
2. Purposefully created endless loops that have a break statement within their body to
terminate the loop.

Question 15

How is break statement different from continue?

Answer

When the break statement gets executed, it terminates its loop completely and control reaches
to the statement immediately following the loop. The continue statement terminates only the
current iteration of the loop by skipping rest of the statements in the body of the loop.

Type B: Application Based Questions

Question 1

Rewrite the following code fragment that saves on the number of comparisons:

if (a == 0) :
print ("Zero")
if (a == 1) :
 print ("One")
if (a == 2) :
print ("Two")
if (a == 3) :
print ("Three")
Answer

if (a == 0) :
print ("Zero")
elif (a == 1) :
print ("One")
elif (a == 2) :
print ("Two")
elif (a == 3) :
print ("Three")

Question 2

Under what conditions will this code fragment print "water"?

if temp < 32 :
print ("ice")
elif temp < 212:
print ("water")
else :
print ("steam")
Answer

When value of temp is greater than or equal to 32 and less than 212 then this code fragment
will print "water".

Question 3

What is the output produced by the following code?

x = 1
if x > 3 :
if x > 4 :
print ("A", end = ' ')
else :
print ("B", end = ' ')
elif x < 2:
if (x != 0):
print ("C", end = ' ')
print ("D")
Answer

Output
C D

Explanation

As value of x is 1 so statements in the else part of outer if i.e. elif x < 2: will get
executed. The condition if (x != 0) is true so C is printed. After that the
statement print ("D") prints D.

Question 4

What is the error in following code? Correct the code:

weather = 'raining'
if weather = 'sunny' :
print ("wear sunblock")
elif weather = "snow":
print ("going skiing")
else :
print (weather)
Answer

In this code, assignment operator (=) is used in place of equality operator (==) for
comparison. The corrected code is below:

weather = 'raining'
if weather == 'sunny' :
print ("wear sunblock")
elif weather == "snow":
print ("going skiing")
else :
print (weather)

Question 5

What is the output of the following lines of code?

if int('zero') == 0 :
print ("zero")
elif str(0) == 'zero' :
print (0)
elif str(0) == '0' :
print (str(0))
else:
print ("none of the above")
Answer

The above lines of code will cause an error as in the line if int('zero') == 0 :,
'zero' is given to int() function but string 'zero' doesn't have a valid numeric representation.
Question 6

Find the errors in the code given below and correct the code:

if n == 0
print ("zero")
elif : n == 1
print ("one")
elif
n == 2:
print ("two")
else n == 3:
print ("three")
Answer

The corrected code is below:

if n == 0 : #1st Error
print ("zero")
elif n == 1 : #2nd Error
print ("one")
elif n == 2: #3rd Error
print ("two")
elif n == 3: #4th Error
print ("three")

Question 7

What is following code doing? What would it print for input as 3?

n = int(input( "Enter an integer:" ))

if n < 1 :
print ("invalid value")
else :
for i in range(1, n + 1):
print (i * i)
Answer

The code will print the square of each number from 1 till the number given as input by the
user if the input value is greater than 0. Output of the code for input as 3 is shown below:

Enter an integer:3
1
4
9

Question 8
How are following two code fragments different from one another? Also, predict the output
of the following code fragments :

(a)

n = int(input( "Enter an integer:" ))

if n > 0 :
for a in range(1, n + n ) :
print (a / (n/2))
else :
print ("Now quiting")
(b)

n = int(input("Enter an integer:"))
if n > 0 :
for a in range(1, n + n) :
print (a / (n/2))
else :
print ("Now quiting")
Answer

In part (a) code, the else clause is part of the loop i.e. it is a loop else clause that will be
executed when the loop terminates normally. In part (b) code, the else clause is part of the if
statement i.e. it is an if-else clause. It won't be executed if the user gives a greater than 0 input
for n.

Output of part a:

Enter an integer:3
0.6666666666666666
1.3333333333333333
2.0
2.6666666666666665
3.3333333333333335
Now quiting
Output of part b:

Enter an integer:3
0.6666666666666666
1.3333333333333333
2.0
2.6666666666666665
3.3333333333333335

Question 9a

Rewrite the following code fragment using for loop:

i = 100
while (i > 0) :
print (i)
i -= 3
Answer

for i in range(100, 0, -3) :

print (i)

Question 9b

Rewrite the following code fragment using for loop:

while num > 0 :

print (num % 10)
num = num/10
Answer

l = [1]
for x in l:
l.append(x + 1)
if num <= 0:
break
print (num % 10)
num = num/10

Question 9c

Rewrite the following code fragment using for loop:

while num > 0 :

count += 1
sum += num
num –= 2
if count == 10 :
print (sum/float(count))
break
Answer

for i in range(num, 0, -2):

count += 1
sum += i
if count == 10 :
print (sum/float(count))
break

Question 10a

Rewrite following code fragment using while loops :

min = 0
max = num
if num < 0 :
min = num
max = 0 # compute sum of integers
# from min to max

for i in range(min, max + 1):

sum += i
Answer

min = 0
max = num
if num < 0 :
min = num
max = 0 # compute sum of integers
# from min to max
i = min
while i <= max:
sum += i
i += 1

Question 10b

Rewrite following code fragment using while loops :

for i in range(1, 16) :

if i % 3 == 0 :
print (i)
Answer

i = 1
while i < 16:
if i % 3 == 0 :
print (i)
i += 1

Question 10c

Rewrite following code fragment using while loops :

for i in range(4) :
for j in range(5):
if i + 1 == j or j + 1 == 4 :
print ("+", end = ' ')
else :
print ("o", end = ' ')
print()
Answer

i = 0
while i < 4:
j = 0
while j < 5:
if i + 1 == j or j + 1 == 4 :
print ("+", end = ' ')
j += 1
else :
print ("o", end = ' ')
i += 1
print()

Question 11a

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

count = 0
while count < 10:
print ("Hello")
count += 1
Answer

Output

Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello

Explanation

The while loop executes 10 times so "Hello" is printed 10 times

Question 11b

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 0
while x > y:
print (x, y)
 x = x - 1
y = y + 1
Answer

Output

10 0
9 1
8 2
7 3
6 4

Explanation

x y Output Remarks

10 0 10 0 1st Iteration

10 0
9 1 2nd Iteration
91

10 0
8 2 91 3rd Iteration
82

10 0
91
7 3 4th Iteration
82
73

10 0
91
6 4 82 5th Iteration
73
64

Question 11c

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

keepgoing = True
x=100
while keepgoing :
print (x)
x = x - 10
 if x < 50 :
keepgoing = False
Answer

Output

100
90
80
70
60
50

Explanation

Inside while loop, the line x = x - 10 is decreasing x by 10 so after 5 iterations of while

loop x will become 40. When x becomes 40, the condition if x < 50 becomes true
so keepgoing is set to False due to which the while loop stops iterating.

Question 11d

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 45
while x < 50 :
print (x)
Answer

This is an endless (infinite) loop that will keep printing 45 continuously.

As the loop control variable x is not updated inside the loop neither there is any break
statement inside the loop so it becomes an infinite loop.

Question 11e

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in [1,2,3,4,5]:
print (x)
Answer

Output

1
2
3
4
5
Explanation

x will be assigned each of the values from the list one by one and that will get printed.

Question 11f

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in range(5):
print (x)
Answer

Output

0
1
2
3
4

Explanation

range(5) will generate a sequence like this [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]. x will be assigned each of the
values from this sequence one by one and that will get printed.

Question 11g

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for p in range(1,10):
print (p)
Answer

Output

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Explanation

range(1,10) will generate a sequence like this [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]. p will be

assigned each of the values from this sequence one by one and that will get printed.
Question 11h

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for q in range(100, 50, -10):

print (q)
Answer

Output

100
90
80
70
60

Explanation

range(100, 50, -10) will generate a sequence like this [100, 90, 80, 70, 60]. q will be assigned
each of the values from this sequence one by one and that will get printed.

Question 11i

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for z in range(-500, 500, 100):

print (z)
Answer

Output

-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400

Explanation

range(-500, 500, 100) generates a sequence of numbers from -500 to 400 with each
subsequent number incrementing by 100. Each number of this sequence is assigned to z one
by one and then z gets printed inside the for loop.
Question 11j

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for y in range(500, 100, 100):

print (" * ", y)
Answer

This code generates No Output.

The for loop doesn't execute as range(500, 100, 100) returns an empty sequence — [
].

Question 11k

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

x = 10
y = 5
for i in range(x-y * 2):
print (" % ", i)
Answer

This code generates No Output.

Explanation

The x-y * 2 in range(x-y * 2) is evaluated as below:

⇒ 10 - 5 * 2
x-y*2

⇒ 10 - 10 [∵ * has higher precedence than -]

⇒0

Thus range(x-y * 2) is equivalent to range(0) which returns an empty sequence — [

].

Question 11l

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in [1,2,3]:
for y in [4, 5, 6]:
print (x, y)
Answer

Output

1 4
1 5
1 6
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6

Explanation

For each iteration of outer loop, the inner loop will execute three times generating this output.

Question 11m

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

for x in range(3):
for y in range(4):
print (x, y, x + y)
Answer

Output

0 0 0
0 1 1
0 2 2
0 3 3
1 0 1
1 1 2
1 2 3
1 3 4
2 0 2
2 1 3
2 2 4
2 3 5

Explanation

For each iteration of outer loop, the inner loop executes four times (with value of y ranging
from 0 to 3) generating this output.

Question 11n

Predict the output of the following code fragments:

c = 0
for x in range(10):
for y in range(5):
c += 1
print (c)
Answer

Output

50

Explanation

Outer loop executes 10 times. For each iteration of outer loop, inner loop executes 5 times.
Thus, the statement c += 1 is executed 10 * 5 = 50 times. c is incremented by 1 in each
execution so final value of c becomes 50.

Question 12

What is the output of the following code?

for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if i + 1 == j or j + i == 4:
print ("+", end = ' ')
else:
print ("o", end = ' ')
print()
Answer

Output

o + o o + o o + + o o o + + o o + o o +

Explanation

Outer loop executes 4 times. For each iteration of outer loop, inner loop executes 5 times.
Therefore, the total number of times body of inner loop gets executed is 4 * 5 = 20. Thats
why there are 20 characters in the output (leaving spaces). When the condition is true then +
is printed else o is printed.

Question 13

In the nested for loop code below, how many times is the condition of the if clause evaluated?

for i in range(4):
for j in range(5):
if i + 1 == j or j + i == 4:
print ("+", end = ")
else:
print ("o", end = ")
print()
Answer

Outer loop executes 4 times. For each iteration of outer loop, inner loop executes 5 times.
Therefore, the total number of times the condition of the if clause gets evaluated is 4 * 5 = 20.

Question 14

Which of the following Python programs implement the control flow graph shown?

(a)

while True :
n = int(input("Enter an int:"))
if n == A1 :
continue
elif n == A2 :
break
else :
 print ("what")
else:
print ("ever")
(b)

while True :
n = int(input("Enter an int:"))
if n == A1 :
continue
elif n == A2 :
break
else :
print ("what")
print ("ever")
(c)

while True :
n = int(input("Enter an int:"))
if n == A1 :
continue
elif n == A2 :
break
print ("what")
print ("ever")
Answer

Python program given in Option (b) implements this flowchart:

while True :
n = int(input("Enter an int:"))
if n == A1 :
continue
elif n == A2 :
break
else :
print ("what")
print ("ever")

Question 15

Find the error. Consider the following program :

a = int(input("Enter a value: "))

while a != 0:
count = count + 1
a = int(input("Enter a value: "))
print("You entered", count, "values.")
It is supposed to count the number of values entered by the user until the user enters 0 and
then display the count (not including the 0). However, when the program is run, it crashes
with the following error message after the first input value is read :

Enter a value: 14
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "count.py", line 4, in <module>
count = count + 1
NameError: name 'count' is not defined
What change should be made to this program so that it will run correctly ? Write the
modification that is needed into the program above, crossing out any code that should be
removed and clearly indicating where any new code should be inserted.

Answer

The line count = count + 1 is incrementing the value of variable count by 1 but the
variable count has not been initialized before this statement. This causes an error when
trying to execute the program. The corrected program is below:
count = 0 #count should be initialized before incrementing
a = int(input("Enter a value: "))
while a != 0:
count = count + 1
a = int(input("Enter a value: "))
print("You entered", count, "values.")

Type C: Programming Practice/Knowledge based

Questions

Question 1

Write a Python script that asks the user to enter a length in centimetres. If the user enters a
negative length, the program should tell the user that the entry is invalid. Otherwise, the
program should convert the length to inches and print out the result. There are 2.54
centimetres in an inch.

Solution

len = int(input("Enter length in cm: "))

if len < 0:
print("Invalid input")
else:
inch = len / 2.54
print(len, "centimetres is equal to", inch, "inches")

Output

Enter length in cm: 150

150 centimetres is equal to 59.05511811023622 inches
Question 2

A store charges ₹120 per item if you buy less than 10 items. If you buy between 10 and 99
items, the cost is ₹100 per item. If you buy 100 or more items, the cost is ₹70 per item. Write
a program that asks the user how many items they are buying and prints the total cost.

Solution

n = int(input("Enter number of items: "))

cost = 0

if n >= 100 :
cost = n * 70
elif n >= 10 :
cost = n * 100
else :
cost = n * 120

print("Total Cost =", cost)

Output

Enter number of items: 58

Total Cost = 5800

Question 3

Write a program that reads from user — (i) an hour between 1 to 12 and (ii) number of hours
ahead. The program should then print the time after those many hours, e.g.,
Enter hour between 1-12 : 9
How many hours ahead : 4
Time at that time would be : 1 O'clock

Solution

hr = int(input("Enter hour between 1-12 : "))

n = int(input("How many hours ahead : "))

s = hr + n

if s > 12:
s -= 12

print("Time at that time would be : ", s, "O'clock")

Output

Enter hour between 1-12 : 9

How many hours ahead : 4
Time at that time would be : 1 O'clock

Question 4

Write a program that asks the user for two numbers and prints Close if the numbers are
within .001 of each other and Not close otherwise.

Solution

a = float(input("Enter first number: "))

b = float(input("Enter second number: "))

d = 0
if a > b :
d = a - b
else :
d = b - a

if d <= 0.001 :
print("Close")
else :
print("Not Close")

Output

Enter first number: 10.12345

Enter second number: 10.12354
Close

Question 5

A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except that years divisible by 100 are not leap
years unless they are also divisible by 400. Write a program that asks the user for a year and
prints out whether it is a leap year or not.

Solution

year = int(input("Enter year: "))

if year % 400 == 0 :
print(year, "is a Leap Year")
elif year % 100 == 0 :
print(year, "is not a Leap Year")
elif year % 4 == 0 :
print(year, "is a Leap Year")
else :
print(year, "is not a Leap Year")
Output

Enter year: 1800

1800 is not a Leap Year

Question 6

Write a program to input length of three sides of a triangle. Then check if these sides will
form a triangle or not.
(Rule is: a+b>c;b+c>a;c+a>b)

Solution

a = int(input("Enter first side : "))

b = int(input("Enter second side : "))
c = int(input("Enter third side : "))

if a + b > c and b + c > a and a + c > b :

print("Triangle Possible")
else :
print("Triangle Not Possible")

Output

Enter first side : 3

Enter second side : 5
Enter third side : 6
Triangle Possible

Question 7

Write a short program to input a digit and print it in words.

Solution

d = int(input("Enter a digit(0-9): "))

if d == 0 :
print("Zero")
elif d == 1 :
print("One")
elif d == 2 :
print("Two")
elif d == 3 :
print("Three")
elif d == 4 :
print("Four")
elif d == 5 :
print("Five")
elif d == 6 :
print("Six")
elif d == 7 :
print("Seven")
elif d == 8 :
print("Eight")
elif d == 9 :
print("Nine")
else :
print("Invalid Digit")

Output

Enter a digit(0-9): 6
Six

Question 8

Write a short program to check whether square root of a number is prime or not.

Solution

import math

n = int(input("Enter a number: "))

sr = math.sqrt(n)
c = 0

for i in range(1, int(sr + 1)) :

if (sr % i == 0) :
c += 1

if c == 2 :
print("Square root is prime")
else :
print("Square root is not prime")

Output

Enter a number: 49
Square root is prime

Question 9

Write a short program to print first n odd numbers in descending order.

Solution

n = int(input("Enter n: "))
x = n * 2 - 1

for i in range(x, 0, -2) :

print(i)

Output

Enter n: 5
9
7
5
3
1

Question 10

Write a short program to print the following series :

(i) 1 4 7 10 .......... 40.

(ii) 1 -4 7 -10 .......... -40

Solution

print("First Series:")
for i in range(1, 41, 3) :
print(i, end = ' ')

print("\nSecond Series:")
x = 1
for i in range(1, 41, 3) :
print(i * x, end = ' ')
x *= -1

Output

First Series:
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
Second Series:
1 -4 7 -10 13 -16 19 -22 25 -28 31 -34 37 -40

Question 11

Write a short program to find average of list of numbers entered through keyboard.

Solution

sum = count = 0

print("Enter numbers")
print("(Enter 'q' to see the average)")

while True :
n = input()
if n == 'q' or n == 'Q' :
break
else :
sum += int(n)
count += 1

avg = sum / count

print("Average = ", avg)

Output

Enter numbers
(Enter 'q' to see the average)
2
5
7
15
12
q
Average = 8.2

Question 12

Write a program to input 3 sides of a triangle and print whether it is an equilateral, scalene or
isosceles triangle.

Solution

a = int(input("Enter first side : "))

b = int(input("Enter second side : "))
c = int(input("Enter third side : "))

if a == b and b == c :
print("Equilateral Triangle")
elif a == b or b == c or c == a:
print("Isosceles Triangle")
else :
print("Scalene Triangle")

Output

Enter first side : 10

Enter second side : 5
Enter third side : 10
Isosceles Triangle
Question 13

Write a program to take an integer a as an input and check whether it ends with 4 or 8. If it
ends with 4, print "ends with 4", if it ends with 8, print "ends with 8", otherwise print "ends
with neither".

Solution

a = int(input("Enter an integer: "))

if a % 10 == 4 :
print("ends with 4")
elif a % 10 == 8 :
print("ends with 8")
else :
print("ends with neither")

Output

Enter an integer: 18
ends with 8

Question 14

Write a program to take N (N > 20) as an input from the user. Print numbers from 11 to N.
When the number is a multiple of 3, print "Tipsy", when it is a multiple of 7, print "Topsy".
When it is a multiple of both, print "TipsyTopsy".

Solution

n = int(input("Enter a number greater than 20: "))

if n <= 20 :
print("Invalid Input")
else :
for i in range(11, n + 1) :
print(i)
if i % 3 == 0 and i % 7 == 0 :
print("TipsyTopsy")
elif i % 3 == 0 :
print("Tipsy")
elif i % 7 == 0 :
print("Topsy")

Output

Enter a number greater than 20: 25

11
12
Tipsy
13
14
Topsy
15
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Question 15

Write a short program to find largest number of a list of numbers entered through keyboard.

Solution

print("Enter numbers:")
print("(Enter 'q' to see the result)")

l = input()

if l != 'q' and l != 'Q' :

l = int(l)
while True:
n = input()
if n == 'q' or n == 'Q' :
break
n = int(n)
if n > l :
l = n
print("Largest Number =", l)

Output

Enter numbers:
(Enter 'q' to see the result)
3
5
8
2
4
q
Largest Number = 8

Question 16

Write a program to input N numbers and then print the second largest number.

Solution

n = int(input("How many numbers you want to enter? "))

if n > 1 :
l = int(input()) # Assume first input is largest
sl = int(input()) # Assume second input is second largest
if sl > l :
t = sl
sl = l
l = t
for i in range(n - 2) :
a = int(input())
if a > l :
sl = l
l = a
elif a > sl :
sl = a
print("Second Largest Number =", sl)
else :
print("Please enter more than 1 number")

Output

How many numbers you want to enter? 5

55
25
36
12
18
Second Largest Number = 36

Question 17

Given a list of integers, write a program to find those which are palindromes. For example,
the number 4321234 is a palindrome as it reads the same from left to right and from right to
left.

Solution

print("Enter numbers:")
print("(Enter 'q' to stop)")
while True :
n = input()
if n == 'q' or n == 'Q' :
break
n = int(n)
t = n
r = 0
while (t != 0) :
d = t % 10
r = r * 10 + d
t = t // 10
if (n == r) :
print(n, "is a Palindrome Number")
else :
print(n, "is not a Palindrome Number")

Output

Enter numbers:
(Enter 'q' to stop)
67826
67826 is not a Palindrome Number
4321234
4321234 is a Palindrome Number
256894
256894 is not a Palindrome Number
122221
122221 is a Palindrome Number
q

Question 18

Write a complete Python program to do the following :

(i) read an integer X.

(ii) determine the number of digits n in X.

(iii) form an integer Y that has the number of digits n at ten's place and the most significant
digit of X at one's place.

(iv) Output Y.

(For example, if X is equal to 2134, then Y should be 42 as there are 4 digits and the most
significant number is 2).

Solution

x = int(input("Enter an integer: "))

temp = x
count = 0
digit = -1

while temp != 0 :
digit = temp % 10
count += 1
temp = temp // 10

y = count * 10 + digit

print("Y =", y)

Output

Enter an integer: 2134

Y = 42

Question 19

Write a Python program to print every integer between 1 and n divisible by m. Also report
whether the number that is divisible by m is even or odd.

Solution

m = int(input("Enter m: "))
n = int(input("Enter n: "))
for i in range(1, n) :
if i % m == 0 :
print(i, "is divisible by", m)
if i % 2 == 0 :
print(i, "is even")
else :
print(i, "is odd")

Output

Enter m: 3
Enter n: 20
3 is divisible by 3
3 is odd
6 is divisible by 3
6 is even
9 is divisible by 3
9 is odd
12 is divisible by 3
12 is even
15 is divisible by 3
15 is odd
18 is divisible by 3
18 is even

Question 20a

Write Python programs to sum the given sequences:

2/9 - 5/13 + 8/17 ...... (print 7 terms)

Solution

n = 2 #numerator initial value

d = 9 #denominator initial value
m = 1 #to add/subtract alternate terms
sum = 0

for i in range(7) :
t = n / d
sum += t * m
n += 3
d += 4
m *= -1

print("Sum =", sum)

Output

Sum = 0.3642392586003134

Question 20b

Write Python programs to sum the given sequences:

12 + 32 + 52 + ..... + n2 (Input n)

Solution

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

i = 1
sum = 0

while i <= n :
sum += i ** 2
i += 2

print("Sum =", sum)

Output
Enter the value of n: 9
Sum = 165

Question 21

Write a Python program to sum the sequence:

1 + 1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3! + ..... + 1/n! (Input n)

Solution

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

sum = 0

for i in range(n + 1) :
fact = 1
for j in range(1, i) :
fact *= j
term = 1 / fact
sum += term

print("Sum =", sum)

Output

Sum = 3.708333333333333

Question 22

Write a program to accept the age of n employees and count the number of persons in the
following age group:

(i) 26 - 35
(ii) 36 - 45
(iii) 46 - 55

Solution

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

g1 = g2 = g3 = 0

for i in range(1, n + 1) :
age = int(input("Enter employee age: "))
#We have used chained comparison operators
if 26 <= age <= 35 :
g1 += 1
elif 36 <= age <= 45 :
g2 += 1
elif 46 <= age <= 55 :
 g3 += 1

print("Employees in age group 26 - 35: ", g1)

print("Employees in age group 36 - 45: ", g2)
print("Employees in age group 46 - 55: ", g3)

Output

Enter the value of n: 10

Enter employee age: 45
Enter employee age: 53
Enter employee age: 28
Enter employee age: 32
Enter employee age: 34
Enter employee age: 49
Enter employee age: 30
Enter employee age: 38
Enter employee age: 33
Enter employee age: 53
Employees in age group 26 - 35: 5
Employees in age group 36 - 45: 2
Employees in age group 46 - 55: 3

Question 23a

Write programs to find the sum of the following series:

x - x2/2! + x3/3! - x4/4! + x5/5! - x6/6! (Input x)

Solution

x = int(input("Enter the value of x: "))

sum = 0
m = 1

for i in range(1, 7) :
fact = 1
for j in range(1, i+1) :
fact *= j
term = x ** i / fact
sum += term * m
m = m * -1

print("Sum =", sum)

Output

Enter the value of x: 2

Sum = 0.8444444444444444

Question 23b

Write programs to find the sum of the following series:

x + x2/2 + x3/3 + ...... + xn/n (Input x and n both)

Solution

x = int(input("Enter the value of x: "))

n = int(input("Enter the value of n: "))

sum = 0

for i in range(1, n + 1) :
term = x ** i / i
sum += term

print("Sum =", sum)

Output

Enter the value of x: 2

Enter the value of n: 5
Sum = 17.066666666666666

Question 24a

Write programs to print the following shapes:

*
**
***
**
*

Solution

n = 3 # number of rows

# upper half
for i in range(n) :
for j in range(n, i+1, -1) :
print(' ', end = '')
for k in range(i+1) :
print('*', end = ' ')
print()
# lower half
for i in range(n-1) :
for j in range(i + 1) :
print(' ', end = '')
for k in range(n-1, i, -1) :
print('*', end = ' ')
print()

Output

*
* *
* * *
* *
*

Question 24b

Write programs to print the following shapes:

*
**
***
**
*

Solution

n = 3 # number of rows

# upper half
for i in range(n) :
for k in range(i+1) :
print('*', end = ' ')
print()

# lower half
for i in range(n-1) :
for k in range(n-1, i, -1) :
print('*', end = ' ')
print()

Output

*
* *
* * *
* *
*
Question 24c

Write programs to print the following shapes:

*
* *
* *
* *
*

Solution

n = 3 # number of rows

# upper half
for i in range(1, n+1) :
# for loop for initial spaces
for j in range(n, i, -1) :
print(' ', end = '')

#while loop for * and spaces

x = 1
while x < 2 * i :
if x == 1 or x == 2 * i - 1 :
print('*', end = '')
else :
print(' ', end = '')
x += 1
print()

# lower half
for i in range(n-1, 0, -1) :
# for loop for initial spaces
for j in range(n, i, -1) :
print(' ', end = '')

#while loop for * and spaces

x = 1
while x < 2 * i :
if x == 1 or x == 2 * i - 1 :
print('*', end = '')
else :
print(' ', end = '')
x += 1
print()

Output

*
* *
* *
* *
*

Question 24d

Write programs to print the following shapes:

*
**
* *
* *
* *
**
*

Solution

n = 4 # number of row

#upper half
for i in range(1, n+1) :
#while loop for * and spaces
x = 1
while x < 2 * i :
if x == 1 or x == 2 * i - 1 :
print('*', end = '')
else :
print(' ', end = '')
x += 1
print()

#lower half
for i in range(n-1, 0, -1) :
#while loop for * and spaces
x = 1
while x < 2 * i :
if x == 1 or x == 2 * i - 1 :
print('*', end = '')
else :
print(' ', end = '')
x += 1
print()

Output

*
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*

Question 25a

Write programs using nested loops to produce the following patterns:

A
AB
ABC
ABCD
ABCDE
ABCDEF

Solution

n = 6

for i in range(n) :
t = 65
for j in range(i + 1) :
print(chr(t), end = ' ')
t += 1
print()

Output

A
A B
A B C
A B C D
A B C D E
A B C D E F

Question 25b

Write programs using nested loops to produce the following patterns:

A
BB
CCC
DDDD
EEEEE

Solution

n = 5
t = 65
for i in range(n) :
for j in range(i + 1) :
print(chr(t), end = ' ')
t += 1
print()

Output

A
B B
C C C
D D D D
E E E E E

Question 25c

Write programs using nested loops to produce the following patterns:

0
22
444
6666
88888

Solution

for i in range(0, 10, 2):

for j in range(0, i + 1, 2) :
print(i, end = ' ')
print()

Output

0
2 2
4 4 4
6 6 6 6
8 8 8 8 8

Question 25d

Write programs using nested loops to produce the following patterns:

2
44
666
8888
Solution

for i in range(2, 10, 2) :

for j in range(2, i + 1, 2) :
print(i, end = ' ')
print()

Output

2
4 4
6 6 6
8 8 8 8

Question 26

Write a program using nested loops to produce a rectangle of *'s with 6 rows and 20 *'s per
row.

Solution

for i in range(6) :
for j in range(20) :
print('*', end = '')
print()

Output

********************
********************
********************
********************
********************
********************

Question 27

Given three numbers A, B and C, write a program to write their values in an ascending order.
For example, if A = 12, B = 10, and C = 15, your program should print out:

Smallest number = 10
Next higher number = 12
Highest number = 15

Solution

a = int(input("Enter first number: "))

b = int(input("Enter second number: "))
c = int(input("Enter third number: "))
if a < b and a < c :
small = a
if b < c :
middle = b
large = c
else :
middle = c
large = b
elif b < a and b < c :
small = b
if a < c :
middle = a
large = c
else :
middle = c
large = a
else :
small = c
if a < b :
middle = a
large = b
else :
middle = b
large = a

print("Smallest number =", small)

print("Next higher number =", middle)
print("Highest number =", large)

Output

Enter first number: 10

Enter second number: 5
Enter third number: 15
Smallest number = 5
Next higher number = 10
Highest number = 15

Question 28

Write a Python script to input temperature. Then ask them what units, Celsius or Fahrenheit,
the temperature is in. Your program should convert the temperature to the other unit. The
conversions are:

F = 9/5C + 32 and C = 5/9 (F 32).

Solution
temp = float(input("Enter Temperature: "))
unit = input("Enter unit('C' for Celsius or 'F' for
Fahrenheit): ")

if unit == 'C' or unit == 'c' :

newTemp = 9 / 5 * temp + 32
print("Temperature in Fahrenheit =", newTemp)
elif unit == 'F' or unit == 'f' :
newTemp = 5 / 9 * (temp - 32)
print("Temperature in Celsius =", newTemp)
else :
print("Unknown unit", unit)

Output

Enter Temperature: 38
Enter unit('C' for Celsius or 'F' for Fahrenheit): C
Temperature in Fahrenheit = 100.4

Question 29

Ask the user to enter a temperature in Celsius. The program should print a message based on
the temperature:

 If the temperature is less than -273.15, print that the temperature is invalid because it
is below absolute zero.
 If it is exactly -273.15, print that the temperature is absolute 0.
 If the temperature is between -273.15 and 0, print that the temperature is below
freezing.
 If it is 0, print that the temperature is at the freezing point.
 If it is between 0 and 100, print that the temperature is in the normal range.
 If it is 100, print that the temperature is at the boiling point.
 If it is above 100, print that the temperature is above the boiling point.

Solution

temp = float(input("Enter Temperature in Celsius: "))

if temp < -273.15 :

print("Temperature is invalid as it is below absolute
zero")
elif temp == -273.15 :
print("Temperature is absolute zero")
elif -273.15 <= temp < 0:
print("Temperature is below freezing")
elif temp == 0 :
print("Temperature is at the freezing point")
elif 0 < temp < 100:
 print("Temperature is in the normal range")
elif temp == 100 :
print("Temperature is at the boiling point")
else :
print("Temperature is above the boiling point")

Output

Enter Temperature in Celsius: -273.15

Temperature is absolute zero

Question 30

Write a program to display all of the integers from 1 up to and including some integer entered
by the user followed by a list of each number's prime factors. Numbers greater than 1 that
only have a single prime factor will be marked as prime.

For example, if the user enters 10 then the output of the program should be:

Enter the maximum value to display: 10

1=1
2 = 2 (prime)
3 = 3 (prime)
4 = 2x2
5 = 5 (prime)
6 = 2x3
7 = 7 (prime)
8 = 2x2x2
9 = 3x3
10 = 2x5

Solution

import math

n = int(input("Enter an integer: "))

for i in range(1, n + 1) :
if i == 1:
print("1 = 1")
else :
print(i, "=", end=' ')
c = 0
for j in range(1, i + 1) :
if i % j == 0:
c += 1
if c == 2:
print(i, "(prime)", end = '')
print()
else :
 t = i
while t % 2 == 0 :
print("2", end='x')
t = t // 2
k = 3
x = math.ceil(math.sqrt(t)) + 1
while k <= x :
while (t % k == 0) :
print(k, end='x')
t = t // k
k += 2

if t > 2 :
print(t, end='x')

print()

Output

Enter an integer: 10
1 = 1
2 = 2 (prime)
3 = 3 (prime)
4 = 2x2x
5 = 5 (prime)
6 = 2x3x
7 = 7 (prime)
8 = 2x2x2x
9 = 3x3x
10 = 2x5x