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 Techniques for Manual Therapists
Osteopathic and Chiropractic
‘An essential buy for undergraduate and postgraduate physiotherapists,
osteopaths and chiropractors… I will certainly be using this book to
facilitate my continued clinical practice.’
– Joe Lewis, BSc, MCSP, HCPC, Premier League Football Physiotherapist

Osteopathic and
Chiropractic Techniques
Bringing together for the first time the best techniques from chiropractic and osteopathy,
this highly illustrated guide is recommended for any manual therapist wishing to
expand their skillset and enhance their clinical practice. The book covers osteopathic
and chiropractic manipulations for the whole body, giving clear illustrated instruction
on techniques to relieve common ailments, as well as background information on
both professions and theory and research around manipulation techniques. Written
for Manual Therapists
by internationally respected practitioners and lecturers in osteopathy and chiropractic, A Comprehensive Guide to Spinal
this multidisciplinary guide is an indispensable addition to the toolkit of students and and Peripheral Manipulations
practitioners from all branches of manual therapy.

Jimmy Michael, Giles Gyer and Ricky Davis

Jimmy Michael
Jimmy Michael and Giles Gyer are specialist musculoskeletal osteopaths; Ricky Davis is
a chiropractor. Jimmy, Giles and Ricky are also lecturers at OMT Training, a Continuing
Giles Gyer
Professional Development consultancy for manual therapists. Ricky Davis
Foreword by
Ulrik Sandstrom

SINGING DRAGON

www.singingdragon.com

Cover design: www.ironicitalics.com

‘This book is an essential buy for undergraduate and postgraduate
physiotherapists, osteopaths and chiropractors looking to develop their
manual therapy skills. I have attended the authors’ Chiropractic and
Osteopathic Manipulation course, and the book complements it perfectly
with clear illustrations and descriptions of the techniques they taught,
along with enhanced theoretical knowledge to enable their safe and
effective application. I will certainly be using this book to facilitate my
continued clinical practice.’
– Joe Lewis, BSc, MCSP, HCPC, Premier League Football Physiotherapist

‘A remarkable addition to anyone’s library who wishes to further their

understanding and performance of the techniques they are utilizing.’
– Cody Phillips, PTA Director of Social Networking
at American Musculoskeletal Institute

‘A much-needed compendium…which delivers a greater body of knowledge

and practical skills to any practitioner of manual manipulation.’
– Ulrik Sandstrom, BSc, DC, ICCSD, FRCC, FBCA, FEAC, Elite Sports
Chiropractor and Fellow of the Royal College of Chiropractors
by the same authors

Dry Needling for Manual Therapists

Points, Techniques and Treatments, Including
Electroacupuncture and Advanced Tendon Techniques
Giles Gyer, Jimmy Michael and Ben Tolson
ISBN 978 1 84819 255 3
eISBN 978 0 85701 202 9

of related interest

Freeing Emotions and Energy Through Myofascial Release

Noah Karrasch
Illustrated by Amy Rizza and Julie Zaslow
ISBN 978 1 84819 085 6
eISBN 978 0 85701 065 0

Yoga for a Happy Back

A Teacher’s Guide to Spinal Health through Yoga Therapy
Rachel Krentzman, PT, E-RYT
Foreword by Aadil Palkhivala
ISBN 978 1 84819 271 3
eISBN 978 0 85701 253 1

Getting Better at Getting People Better

Creating Successful Therapeutic Relationships
Noah Karrasch
ISBN 978 1 84819 239 3
eISBN 978 0 85701 186 2

The Four Qualities of Effective Physicians

Practical Ayurvedic Wisdom for Modern Physicians
Dr. Claudia Welch, DOM
Foreword by Dr. Robert Svoboda, BAMS
ISBN 978 1 84819 339 0
eISBN 978 0 85701 181 7
Osteopathic and Chiropractic
Techniques for
Manual Therapists
A Comprehensive Guide to Spinal
and Peripheral Manipulations

Jimmy Michael, Giles Gyer and Ricky Davis

Foreword by Ulrik Sandstrom
First published in 2017
by Singing Dragon
an imprint of Jessica Kingsley Publishers
73 Collier Street
London N1 9BE, UK
and
400 Market Street, Suite 400
Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA

www.singingdragon.com

Copyright © Jimmy Michael, Giles Gyer and Ricky Davis 2017

Foreword copyright © Ulrik Sandstrom 2017

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form
(including photocopying, storing in any medium by electronic means or transmitting)
without the written permission of the copyright owner except in accordance with the
provisions of the law or under terms of a licence issued in the UK by the Copyright
Licensing Agency Ltd. www.cla.co.uk or in overseas territories by the relevant
reproduction rights organisation, for details see www.ifrro.org. Applications for the
copyright owner’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should
be addressed to the publisher.

Warning: The doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result in
both a civil claim for damages and criminal prosecution.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Names: Michael, Jimmy, author. | Gyer, Giles, author. | Davis, Ricky, author.
Title:
Osteopathic and Chiropractic Techniques for Manual Therapists: A Comprehensive
Guide to Spinal and Peripheral Manipulations / Jimmy
Michael, Giles Gyer, and Ricky Davis.
Description: London ; Philadelphia : Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2017. |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016047241 (print) | LCCN 2016048874 (ebook) | ISBN
9781848193260 (alk. paper) | ISBN 9780857012814 (ebook)
Subjects: | MESH: Manipulation, Osteopathic--methods | Manipulation,
Chiropractic--methods | Musculoskeletal Diseases--therapy
Classification: LCC RZ342 (print) | LCC RZ342 (ebook) | NLM WB 940 | DDC
615.5/33--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016047241

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978 1 84819 326 0

eISBN 978 0 85701 281 4
Contents

Foreword by Ulrik Sandstrom 7

Acknowledgements  9

Disclaimer 10

Introduction 11

Part I: Theory

1 Manipulation Therapy Theory 20

2 The Neurophysiology of Manipulation 46

3 The Effects of Manipulation on Fascia 50

4 Safety and Patient Screening 59

5 Pre-Manipulative Tests 73

6 Safety of Spinal Manipulation in the Treatment

of Lumbar Disc Pathology: Current Concepts in
Literature: Review 2016 96
Dr James Inklebarger

7 Clinical Presentation of Vertebral

Artery Dissection  106
Dr James Inklebarger

8 Importance of Breathing in Manual Therapy 110

Part II: Techniques

9 The Cervical Spine  118

Techniques for the Cervical Spine 127

10 The Thoracic Spine 142

Techniques for the Thoracic Spine 150

11 The Lumbar Spine 160

Techniques for the Lumbar Spine 168

12 The Pelvis and Sacroiliac Joint 181

Techniques for the Pelvis and Sacroiliac Joint 191

13 The Shoulder and Rib Cage 198

Techniques for the Shoulder and Rib Cage 212

14 The Elbow, Wrist and Hand 228

Techniques for the Elbow, Wrist and Hand 243

15 The Knee, Ankle and Foot 248

Techniques for the Knee, Ankle and Foot 264

Glossary  278

Subject Index 284

Author Index 291

Foreword

Manipulation in its many forms has been associated with chiropractic

and osteopathy since their inception. Throughout the last century, a
huge number of techniques have been developed and increasingly shared
between the two professions, and this book is a much-needed compendium
for the modern manual practitioner. Technique choices are driven by
a need to change function, and having a toolbox full of manipulative
techniques drives a tailor-made approach to each patient rather than a
‘one size fits all’. We should all continue to learn, and those of us with
significant experience often learn more from our allied professions than
our own.
I am delighted to see the thoroughness of application of both spinal and
extremity techniques in this book; these will help students of the craft as
well as provide new techniques and inspiration for experienced clinicians.
The book does not solely present techniques, but also offers a thorough
and well-referenced review of the literature on the neurophysiology of
manipulation, patient safety and contraindications, as well as anatomical
and functional considerations on, for example, fascia and disc pathology.
The reference lists at the end of each chapter are an invaluable source of
further information, and show the vast scope of material the authors have
reviewed for this book.
Having worked in elite sports for 25 years, including two Olympic
Games, and seen some of the world’s best chiropractors, osteopaths and
physiotherapists in action, it is becoming increasingly clear to me that
we should learn and teach each other’s best techniques. We all adapt
techniques to suit our own physiology and that of the patient in front
of us, and it is often easy to fall into the trap of sticking to your five best
manipulations. This book has brought some new and very useful additions
to my skillset and will, I’m certain, continue to inspire further expansion

7
Osteopathic and Chiropractic Techniques for Manual Therapists

of my repertoire. This can only benefit my existing and future patients.

I congratulate the authors on their foresight and collaborative effort in
producing this book, which delivers a greater body of knowledge and
practical skills to any practitioner of manual manipulation.

Ulrik Sandstrom, BSc, DC, ICCSD, FRCC, FBCA, FEAC

Elite Sports Chiropractor, International Lecturer, and Fellow of the
British Chiropractic Association, the Royal College of Chiropractors
and the European Academy of Chiropractic

8
Acknowledgements

With special thanks to the following clinicians from across the world,
whose help and contributions to this text have been invaluable.

Chapter contribution:

Dr James Inklebarger, MD, MLCOM, MFSEM, Dip.SM, GB & I DM-

Smed – United States of America

Technique contributions:

Mr Dave Farrelly, BSc (Hons) Osteopathy – Singapore

Dr Alison Lewis, BSc (Hons) Osteopathy – Australia

Mr Andrew Johnson, MOst Osteopathy – UK

Dr Steffi Warnock, DC MChiro, Master of Chiropractic – Ireland

Dr Robert Beaven, DC MChiro, Master of Chiropractic – UK

Dr David Elliott, DC MChiro, Master of Chiropractic – UK

Dr Iain Crombie, DC MChiro, Master of Chiropractic – UK

Mr Eyal Cohen, Sports Therapist – Israel

Special thanks to:

Mr Ethan Gyer – UK

Miss Emilia Michael – UK

Miss Esmée Gyer – UK

Miss Gabriella Michael – UK

9
 Disclaimer

To the fullest extent of the law, neither the publisher nor the authors
assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property
incurred as a result of the instructions or ideas contained in the
material herein.
This field is constantly evolving as new research and experience
broadens our knowledge. As a result, changes in professional practice
may be necessary. Practitioners and researchers should rely on their own
expertise in evaluating and using any information included in this book.
They should be mindful of their own safety as well as the safety of others
in their care.
With respect to any techniques identified, readers are advised to
research the most current information available on procedures, dosage,
method and duration of treatment, and contraindications. It is the
responsibility of practitioners to provide the appropriate treatment for
their patients, taking into account all the necessary safety precautions.
Over decades, therapies have blended, and, regardless of therapeutic
title, we are all using, to an extent, similar techniques just with differing
philosophies. Spinal manipulation is utilised worldwide as an effective
way to treat musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction; this book aims merely
to present effective techniques from our professions and should not
be used unless you have the relevant training and qualifications within
manipulative therapy.

10
Introduction

The use of spinal manipulation techniques within manual therapy is as

old as manual therapy itself. In writing this book, we looked at combining
knowledge and skill with the aim to help promote best practice, safe and
effective technique, and overall improvement in patient care, regardless
of professional title and philosophical background. This is a technique
book written by osteopaths and chiropractors for manual therapists who
have the skill and training in using spinal manipulation. This book does
not replace the high level of training that these professions undertake, but
gives you an insight into the most effective techniques used within clinical
practice, and, in the following sections, an insight into the background and
history of the two professions.
Osteopathy and chiropractic are two of the most popular forms of
manual therapy. Both medical systems share a common origin, having
emerged during the late 19th century with a remarkably similar disease
theory. They bear many striking similarities and meet at several common
points (Pettman, 2007). In many cases, they even use similar techniques to
treat similar conditions. However, due to the decisions made by the earlier
pioneers, osteopathy and chiropractic have evolved into two separate
disciplines and can be quite different in their modern forms. Today they
have a particular degree of multiplicity and complexity (Klein, 1998).
In this chapter, we discuss the basic principles of osteopathy and
chiropractic, their origins (i.e. how they came to exist but diverged
into two separate systems), their similarities and differences, and their
therapeutic scope.

Osteopathy
Osteopathy, also known as osteopathic medicine, is a form of manual
therapy that addresses the abnormalities of structure and function to aid
11
Osteopathic and Chiropractic Techniques for Manual Therapists

the body’s self-healing, self-regulating mechanisms. The therapy generates

its beneficial effects by stretching, massaging, and moving a patient’s bones,
muscles and joints. In brief, it is a patient-centric, hands-on approach to
health care with a strong manual component (Paulus, 2013).
Osteopathy utilises the power of human touch in the diagnosis and
treatment of a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including back
and neck pain, shoulder pain, arthritis, osteoarthritis, postural strain,
sciatica and sporting injuries. The therapy is also used in the treatment
of a number of functional problems that do not directly involve bones
and joints, such as headaches, migraines, otitis media, breathing disorders,
menstrual problems and digestive disorders (Line and Embase, 2010).

Origin
Dr Andrew Taylor Still, a former US Army physician, first developed the
principles and philosophies of osteopathy in the mid-1800s. In his early
life, he was a dedicated practitioner of orthodox medicine. However, he
lost his faith in the conventional medical practices of his time after a series
of tragic events overtook his loved ones (Pettman, 2007). Incensed by his
inability to save his wife and children with what he had been taught, he
began to seriously question the effectiveness of mainstream treatments
such as purging, blistering, bloodletting and rectal feeding (Baer, 1987;
Tan and Zia, 2007).
After relentless research and study, Dr Still concluded that most of
the diseases occur due to damaged articulations or faulty ‘lesions’ in
the muscular and skeletal systems, specifically in the spine and its
associated musculature. As a result, he began to slowly conceive a thought
that traditional bone setting could cure diseases by restoring normal
function of structures in the musculoskeletal system (Still, 1908; Ward,
2015). This theory ultimately led him to raise the banner of a new medical
system known as Osteopathy in 1874 (Pettman, 2007).
Dr Still met with much resistance, however, due to his unpopular
belief that bone setting could cure disease, and he was even denied the
opportunity to present his philosophies at Baker University in Baldwin,
Kansas. He then moved to Kirksville, Missouri, and founded the first
independent school of osteopathy in 1892, naming it the American School
of Osteopathy (Tan and Zia, 2007).
Soon after the opening of the first school, many osteopaths, both
12 accredited and non-accredited American Osteopathic Association (AOA)
 Introduction

graduates, came to live and practise osteopathy in the major UK cities.

They helped establish the British Osteopathic Association in 1903 as
a British branch of AOA. The first school of osteopathy in the UK, the
British School of Osteopathy (BSO), was founded in 1917 by John Martin
Littlejohn, a student of Dr Still, who had been a lecturer at the American
School of Osteopathy (Miller, 1998; Pettman, 2007).

Philosophy and Principles

Osteopathy views the human body in a holistic manner and emphasises
an excellent patient–practitioner relationship. It recognises that structure
and function of the body are interrelated at all levels (Paulus, 2013).
Kuchera and Kuchera (1994) suggest that practitioners of this therapy
provide patient care based on the following principles:

• The human body is a unit in which all the parts are interrelated;
every individual is a unit of body, mind and spirit.

• The body has its own self-regulatory mechanisms and is capable of

self-healing and health maintenance.

• The wellbeing of a person depends on the proper, smooth

functioning of all structures in the body, including bones, muscles,
tendons, ligaments and organs; the signs and symptoms of a disease
or condition arise due to the interplay of multiple physical and
nonphysical factors.

In osteopathy, rational treatment is therefore based upon the integration

of these principles (Hruby, 2000). This means that by manipulating a
patient’s bones, muscles and joints, osteopaths tend to aid the body’s
self-regulatory and self-healing mechanisms, correcting the structural and
functional abnormalities.

Chiropractic
Chiropractic is a form of manual therapy concerned with the diagnosis,
treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. It also helps
manage the effects of these disorders on different systems of the body,
especially the nervous system (Meeker and Haldeman, 2002). Similarly to
osteopaths, chiropractic practitioners use their hands to correct alignment
problems, improve function, increase mobility and decrease pain and 13
Other documents randomly have
different content
Tenants, interest of Imperial government in their welfare, 394,
397-8, 400
Tenant’s property pledged to landlord, 363, 368
Tenant, the town-bred man, 254
Threshing, 16, 24, 278
Tillage by Mattock, 214, 284, 313, [316]
Tillage, the appliances of, 180, 197, 303
Timber, 39, 96, 118, 227, 320
Tombs on estates, [41], 109, 312
Transport as an element of cost, 391
Transport by road or river, 267, 322

Upkeep, importance of, 262, 365

Veterinary treatment, 228, 418

Village communities, 134, 291, 437-8 [463]
Vines, 19, 24, [43], 47-8, 81, 104, 107-8, 111, 121, 139, [157],
172, 174, 185-6, 261, 266, 283-4, 303, 308, 320-2, 352,
406, 416, 421, 428, [463]
Voluntary action, its limits in ancient world, 440-4

War and peace, 67, 89, [91], 95, 100, 102

Wayfarers, nuisance from, 267
Weather-wisdom, 31-2
Wine, use of, 19, 42, 283, 388
 II LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES
A. GREEK

ἀγορά, 101
ἄγροικος, 63, 117
ἀγρονόμοι, 79
ἄκληρος, 20, [66]
ἀνδράποδα, 17, 56, 60, 138
ἀνδράποδα μισθοφοροῦντα, 39, 110
ἀντίδοσις, 106
ἀπαρχή, 77
ἀπελεύθεροι, 97
ἄποροι, 463
ἀποφορά, 61, 64, 370
ἀρετή, 86, 89, [91, 98]
ἀστικός, 108
αὐτουργία consistent with slaveowning, 13, 23, [40], 44, 50, 58-
9, 84, [88], 123, 136-7, 165, [225], 345, 439-40
αὐτουργοὶ and αὐτουργία, 12, 13, [17], 23, 24, 35-6, [42], 49,
50, 58, 60, 62, 67, 82, 94, 102-3, 107, 123, 128, 197, 277,
302, [371], 439 foll., [459]
ἀφορμή, 302

βάναυσοι, 73-4, 91, 98, 99, 101

βάρβαροι, 31
βασιλεύς, 400
βασιλικοὶ γεωργοί, 204, [207], 347, [378]

γαμόρος, 27, 32, [76]

γαπόνος, 36, 37
γεωργεῖν, 47, [88], 106
γεωργοί, a special class, 29, 68, 74, 101, [204], [347, 378], 395,
401
γεωργός, γεωργεῖν, etc., 33, 37, 39, 84, 90, 121, 445, 462
γῆ κληρουχική, 210
γῆ πεφυτευμένη, 104
γράμματα, 400

δασμολογεῖν, 83
δεσπότης, 337, 341, 401
δεσποτική, 97
δημιοεργοί, 18, 75
δημόσιοι, 68
δμῶες, 17, 18, 20, 23
δουλεία, 240
[τὸ] δοῦλον, 34
δοῦλος, 17, [79], 110

ἔθνος, 122
ἐνεργός, 225
ἐπικαρπία, 225
ἐπιμέλεια, 58
ἐπιστάτης, 59, [172]
ἐπίτροπος, 57, 59, 60, 461
ἔργα, 16
ἐργασία, 461-2
ἐργάτης, 35, 107, 116, 121, 125, 128, 304, 461
ἔργον, 19, 22-3
ἔριθοι, 10, 23, 116
ἔρις, 22
ἐσχατιά, 106
εὐπορία, 92, 102

θῆτες, θητεύειν, 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 25, 29, 35, 85, 98, 110,
144, 147
θρέμματα, 122

ἰδία, 211
[τὸ] ἴσον, 66, [95]

κατασκευή, 122, 240

κατοικεῖν, 108
κοινόν, 66
κοινωνοί, 463

μισθός, 16, 23, 34, 64, 75, 95, 110, [304]

μισθωτοί, 46, 78, 85, [109], 110, 117, 125
νόμος, 402

ξύλα, 107

οἰκέται, 30, 39, 64, 110, 341

οἰκεύς, οἰκῆες, 17, 21, 30
οἰκογενεῖς, 129
οἰκοδεσπότης, 304
οἰκονόμος, 461
ὀπώρα, 108, 111
ὄρη, 111
ὅροι, 107

παραμονά, 123
πάροικοι, 347, 378
πενέστης, 37, 116
περίοικοι, 94
πρόκλησις, 110

σκαφεύς, 35, [116]

στάσις, 66
στρατιώτας, 116
συνοικία, 108
σώματα, 122, 396

τεμένη, 111
τεχνῖται, 68, 98
τροφή, 75, 95, 304

φελλεύς, 47, 83
φιάλη, 237
φύσις, 34-5

χορηγία, 86, [93]

χρηματιστική, 98
χωρία, 463

B. LATIN

abigei, 372
actor, 258, 263, 299, 300, 319, 324, 367-8
adaeratio, 396
addicere, 424
adscribere, adscripticii, 425
adsidui, 10, 152, 253
advenae, 425
aedificare, 214
agellus, 215-6, 219, 243, 318, 334, 425
aggeres publici, 429
agrestes, 199, 200, 230
agricola, 227, 230, 284, 398, 445
agri fiscales, 347
agri rudes, 349
agri vectigales, 376
alimenta, 296 foll., 324
alligati, [see compediti]
annonariae regiones, 388
annona urbis, 388, [402-3], 427
aquarii, 294
arare, arator, 195, 197-8, 214, 219, 227, 248, 308, 312
aridi fructus, partes aridae, 350
artes, 188, 193
artifex, 245
asinarius, 172, 227
atriensis, 246, 250, 319
attributi, 380
auctoritas principalis, 376

bubulcus, 172
burgus, 429

calcarius, 172
canon, 350-1, [356], 428
capita, 395, 421
capitatio, 386, 395, 411, [421], 424, [431]
capitulum, 410
capulator, 172
casa, 312
castella, 413
censitores, 421
civilis pars, 418
classes, decuriae, 261
colere, 184, 230, 253, 267, 364
coloni Caesaris, 208-9, [293?], 347, 355, 357, 377-8
coloni indigenae, 252, [347], 396
colonia partiaria, 211, 321, 332, 343, 347, [350], 356, [463]
colonia, place to which colonus belongs, 258
colonia [settlement], official sense, 133, [141], 152
colonus as serf-labourer, 383-4, 392, 394, 401, 416, 424-5, 429,
431
colonus as sub-tenant, 195, 209, 343-52, 355-6, 359, 376-7
colonus becoming bound to the soil, [161], 201, 210-2, 257,
274, 333, 344-52, 356, 358-9, 383-4, 386-99, [404], 415-6,
450
colonus, cultivator, 133, 167, 183, 195, 215, 230, [233], 249,
267, 286, [293], [364], 445
colonus, free but dependent, 161, 183, [195], 209, 254, [264],
307-8, 312, 340, 358-9, 404
colonus imaginarius, 367
colonus may sublet farm, 364
colonus, mean economic and social position of, 195, 235-6, 243,
246-7, 255, 307-8, 364
colonus, member of a colonia, 293
colonus originalis, 431
colonus, tenant farmer [free in law and fact], 139, 157-8, 183-4,
194-5, 202, [208], 210, 215-6, 221, 224, 233-5, 243, 246,
252-5, [267], 286, [292], 295, 315, 325, 332, 362-3, 364,
366-7, 371-3
colonus, veteran allottee, 155-6, [215], 223, 249, [293?]
colonus, yeoman farmer, 230
compediti alligati vincti, 166, 172, [218], 220, 227, 248, [252],
260-3, 300, 320, 334-5
compositio, 431
conductor, 264-5, 343, 345-51, 355-7, 359, 364, 366, 377, 405
conductum, 247
conquisita, 411
contubernalis, contubernium, 258, 300
corpora, 396
cultores, free, 141, [198], 320
cura domini, 252
curia, curiales, 390, 392, 401-2, 425
cursus publicus, [378], 391
custodes, 171-2, 311, [321]

decem primi, 421

decretae provinciae, 408
decreta oppida, 408
decuma, δεκάτη, 195, 197, 204
dediticii, 389, 424
dispensator, 196
divisio, ascertainment of shares, 350
domestici = familia, 185
domestici fidei, 428
dominium, 247, 376, 393
dominus, 166, 171, 184, 215-6, 219, 229, 239, 247, 252, 260,
264, 292, 311, 343, 350, 356, 363, 366, 368, 397, 416,
419, 430, 431
dotes, 299

emphyteusis, 350, 359, 376

emptor, 171
epistates, [59], 172
ergastulum, 141, 145-6, 160, 185, 192, 233, 242, 260, 262-3,
285, 334
exceptio iurisiurandi, 364

faber, 172, 184, 319

faber ferrarius, 173
factores, 171
familia, 137, 155, 170-3, 188, 194, 245, 253, 258, 261, 334
famulus, famula, 220-1, 227, 230-1, 249
fide dominica, 299, 311
fideiussores, 363
fiscalis raeda, 422
fiscus, 377-8
forma perpetua, 347
fossor, [see σκαφεύς], 186, 227, 248-9, 317
fructus, 247, 321, 363, 366, 404
frui licere, 363
frui possidere, 351
frumentationes, 326
fugitivi, 191-2
fullones, 184
fundi fiscales, 377
fundus, 343, [352], [356], 360, 366, 368, 412

genitale solum, 393

gens as landholder, 134
gravia loca, 180, 253

heredium, 231
holitor, 295
honores qui indicuntur, 377
hortulanus, 295, 332
hortus, horti, 231, 249, 283, 295, 312

ianitor, 311
immunitas, 377
impatientia, 419
imperium, 148, 247
impotentia, 295
incolae, 360
indictiones, 382-3, 393, 410-1
indigenae, 425
indulgentiae, 410
ingenuus, 243, 287, 312, 317, 396
inquilini, 339-40, 346, 360, [378], 395, 424, 430-2
inquilinus or colonus, 431-2
instruere, instrumentum, 216, 243, 255, 297-9, 311, 320-1,
344-5, 364-5, 367-8, 371
interdicta, 189-91, 373
iugatio, 395
iugerum, 135, 139, 143, 167, 172, 184, 186, 230, 275, 281-2,
284, 313
iuris alieni, 386, [424], 425
ius commercii, 389
iusta, fair task, 259, 261

latifundia, 143, 154, 160, 167-8, 185, 198, 201, 203, 205,
[222], 224, 236, 247, 249, 281, 283, 297, [314], 315, 354-
5, 358, 369
latrones, 372
legata, 368
leguli, 171
lex = charter, by-law, 343, 354
lex = contract, agreement, 233
lex Manciana, 343, 352-3
liberalis, 245, 331
locator, 364
lustrum, 321, 364, [376]
magister pecoris, 172, 219, 228
magistri, 228, 259, 260, 267
manceps, 327, 376
mancipia, 260, 262, 285, 320, 369
matrimonium, 431
mediastinus, 217, 261
medici, 184, [228], [256]
mercator, 215
mercennarius, 125, 139-40, 159, 173, 176, 180, 182, 186, 188,
193, 235, 247, 256, 371, [463]
merces, 370-1
messores, 188, 227, 417
militares viri, 402
militaris impressio, 405
militia, 418
monitor, 261
munera, 377, 397

navicularii, 391
nexus, 263, 269
nudo consensu, 364
nutrix, [see τροφός], 431

obaerarii [obaerati], 180, 182, 216, 263, 269, 437

obnoxii, 404
offensiones domesticae, 181
opera, operae, [170], 180, [186], 188, 193, 211, 229-30, 235,
254, 256, 265, 267, 269, 282, 286, 327, 333, [340], 344-6,
347-8, 351, 354, 370-1, [462]
operarius, 125, 170, 172-3, 180, 185, 193, 197, 243, 261
opifex, 144, 175, 193, 199, 245
opilio, 172, 219, 262
opus [meaning of], 161, 252-4
opus exigere, facere, operis exactor, etc., 258-9, 261, 265, 321
ordo [decurionum], 293, 376, 387
originarius, originalis, 431
origo, domicile, 211, 386, 396, 425, 430-1

paganus, 313, 411, 423

palare, verb, 282
palatium, 347
partes agrariae, 346, [350]
partes aridae, 350
partiario, partiarius, 166, 172, 343, 347
pastinatio, 264, 284
pastores, 162, 165-6, 171-2, 179, 183, 188, 191, 219, 227-8,
[262]
pater, patres, 215-7
patrocinia vicorum, 400-1, 425
patronus, 430-1
peculium, 158, 167-8, 180-2, 219, 263, 299, 369
pensiones, 161, 252
peregrini dediticii, 389
persona plebeia )( colonaria, 431
pervasio, pervasor, 424
pignora, 320
pistor, 246
plebs, plebeius, 341-2
politio, politores, 172-3, 186
poma, 350
possessio, 189, 191, 194, 349-50, 372-3, 376, 405, 424
possessiones, 143, [154], 165, 174-5, 247-8
possessores, 233, 295, 350, 392-3, 397, 427
postliminium, 332
potentes, 392
praedia, 289, 319, 320-1, 360
praedia Caesaris, 207, [353-4], 377
praediola, 194, 216
praefectus annonae, 403, 427
prospectus urbi, 402-3, 426
praetorium, 366
precario, 167
procurator, 190, 194-5, 264, 319, 354-5, 368
procurators, imperial, 341, 343, 345-52, 354-5, 377
proprius, 425
provisa, provisiones, 411
publica adflictio, 424
publica, publicani, 151-2, 179, 188, 192, 206, 318, 376
pulchritudo iungendi, 251, [319]

quasi colonus, 299, 311, 368-9, 450

quasi societatis iure, 356, [363]
quinquennium, see lustrum

ratio = imperial account, 346, 350

rationes, 368, 404
reconductio, 345, 364
reditus )( census, 406
relationes, 402-3
reliqua, 298-9, 320-1, 343, 347, 365, 368, [404]
remissio, 252, 320-1, 365
rustica mancipia, 369, [435]
rusticatio, 250
rusticus, 230, 347

salictarius, 172
saltuarii, 250
salius, 165, [179], 191, 214, 222, 235, 314, 343-52, [356], 360
scriptura, 179, [192], [343]
secretum, 408
sederi, sessor, 418
sermo, 349, 352
servitia, slaves, 141, 239, 285, 287
servitium, 229, 249, 262
servitutes, 373-4
servus, serva, 219, 221, 229, 247, 249, 252, 285, 334, [340],
368, 371, 404
servus terrae, 426
sollemnia )( incrementa, 411
sordidus, 245, 312, [397]
stipendiarii?, 345
strictores, 171
subsiciva, 272
subulcus, 172, 219
suburbicariae regiones, 388, [403]
suffragium, 428
sui (or mei) = slaves, 184, 321, 323
summa [consummatio] of labour, 172, [186], 267
superexactiones, 397
superindictiones, 382, 411
supprimere, suppressi, 233, 243, 263

temo, temonaria functio, etc., 396, 410, 414

territorium, 428
Teutonicus vomer, 416
tirocinia, 413-4
topiarii, 319
trans Tiberim, 435
tributa, 350-1, 378, 382, 410, [424]
tributarii, 415, 431
tributarium iugum, 427
trientabula, 143, 152

usus, 247, 363

usus fructus, 370

vagus, vagi, 229, 396

valetudinarium, 161, 262
vectigal, 376
veterani, milites, 293
vicarii, 324
vilica, 170, 172, 251, 262, 306-8
vilicus, 124, 140, 153, 158-60, 166, 170, 172, 185-6, 190, 194-
6, 215-7, [219], 224, [234], 242, 246, 251, 257-9, 262-4,
282, 299, 306-8, 311, 316, 335, 343, 345, 355, 364, 367,
404, [419], 461
villa, 125, [136-8], 141, 165, 214, 216, 224, 231, 235, 246, 255,
282, 298, 309, 311, 322, 343, 347, 366, 372, [412]
vincti, [see compediti]
vinitor, 219, 265
vir bonus, umpire, 367
viritim, viritanus, 133, 274
vis and vis armata, [189-91], 373
voluptaria praedia, 366

III LIST OF PASSAGES CITED

Aelian, var hist v p 14, 282
Aeschines
Timarchus 13, 106; 14, 109; 4, 111;
Embassy 59, 112
Aeschylus
Agam 733, 30;
Eumen 186-90, 31; 890-1, 32;
Persae 186-7, 255, 337, 391, 423, 434, 475, 798, 844, 31;
Prom 454-8, 708, 31;
Suppl 612-4, 32;
fragments 32
Agrimensores [gromatici, ed Lachmann], i 35, 205, 358; 53-
4, 272, 341, 354; 133, 272; 203, 349; 164, 354
Ammianus, xvi 5 §§ 14, 15, 410; xvii 3, 411; xviii 1, 411; xviii
2 § 2, 412; xix 11 § 3, 391; xix 11 § 7, 396, 413; xx 4 § 1,
415; xxvii 4 § 18, 405; xxviii 6 § 8, 413; xxviii 5 § 15, 415;
xxix 6 § 6, 412; xxix 5 §§ 10-13, 412; xxix 5 § 25, 412; xxx
5 § 6, 411; xxx 10 § 4, 412; xxx 2 § 10, 413; xxxi 4 §§ 4,
5, 413; xxxi 6 § 5, 414; xxxi 10 § 17, 414; xxxi 9 § 4, 415
Andocides (by pages)
de reditu 22, 81;
de mysteriis 12, 82;
de pace 25, 28, 84
Antiphon, fragm 82
Appian, civ, i 8 § 2, 131; i 7 § 5, 144, 248; i 116 § 2, 162; i
29 § 2, 275
Apuleius
apolog 24, 328; 17, 23, 332; 17, 333; 23, 334; 47, 334;
93, 334; 87, 335;
metam iv 9, 329; iv 3, 332; iv 30, 332; v 17, 332; vi 31,
329; vii 4, 9, 329; vii 15, 332; viii 22, 258, 335; viii
24, 329; viii 17, 331; viii 17, 29, 31, 332; viii 26,
 332; ix 12, 2; ix 31-2, 295, 332; ix 39, 42, 330; ix
35-8, 330; ix 2, 331; ix 39-42, 332
Aristophanes
Acharnenses 32-4, 180, 211, 557 foll, 626 foll, 42; 248-50,
259, 266, 44; 1018-36, 47;
Aves 1152, 1431-2, 46; 712, 48;
Ecclesiazusae 243, 40; 197-8, 591-2, 41, 46; 651, 45;
605, 48;
Equites 792-4, 40; 316-7, 42;
Lysistrata 1173-4, 43; 1203-14, 45;
Nubes 202-3, 41; 43 foll, 42, 45; 138, 45; 71-2, 47;
Pax 632-6, 40; 570, 1185-6, 42; 190, 509-11, 551-70,
1127 foll, 1318-24, 43; 1140 foll, 1248-9, 45; 552,
1318, 47;
Plutus 510-626, 41, 46; 223-4, 903, 42; 26-7, 253, 517-
20, 525-6, 45;
Ranae 164-77, 46;
Vespae 442-52, 45; 712, 959, 46, 111;
fragments 43, 46
Aristotle
Ἀθην πολ 16, 24, 11, 25, 86, 89; 11, 12, 25, 89; 4, 91;
de mundo 6 §§ 4, 7, 13, 102;
Economics i 5 § 1, 6 § 5, 87, 97; i 5 § 3, 95, 304; i 5 § 5,
97; i 6 § 9, 97; i 5 § 6, 162;
Ethics ii 1 § 4, 93; viii 11 § 6, 99; x 5 § 8, 95; x 10 § 13,
101;
Politics [cited in old order of books], i 7 § 5, 87; i 7, 97; i 8
§§ 3 foll, 98; i 9, 98; i 10, 11, 98; i 11 § 1, 98; i 11
§§ 3-5, 99; i 2 § 5, 5 §§ 8, 9, 99; i 13 § 13, 99; i 5, 6,
100; i 11, 284; i 2 § 5, 433; ii 6 § 13, 65, 67; ii 7 §
1, 65; ii 7 § 6, 65; ii 12 § 10, 65, 67; ii 7, 8, 65, 67;
ii 7 § 7, 67, 91; ii 7 §§ 3-7, 67; ii 7 §§ 14, 15, 67; ii 8
§§ 2, 3, 67; ii 7 §§ 8, 9, 68; ii 6 § 15, 91; ii 7 § 12,
91; ii 6 § 17, 95; ii 9 §§ 21-2, 95; ii 9 § 34, 95; ii 3 §
4, 97, 124; ii 5 §§ 4, 8, 97; ii 5 § 28, 99; ii 5 § 19,
 101; ii 10 § 16, 101; ii 6 § 6, 102; iii 13 § 2, 66; iii
15 § 13, 89; iii 5 § 2, 97; iii 5 §§ 4-6, 98; iv 4 §§ 15,
18, 89; iv 6 § 2, 89; iv 15 § 6, 92; iv 8 § 5, 9 § 4, 94;
iv 9 §§ 7-9, 95; v 6 §§ 12, 13, 95; vi 4 §§ 8-10, 88; vi
4 §§ 1, 2, 13, 14, 89, 90; vi 4 § 11, 90; vi 5 §§ 8-10,
92; vi 8 § 3, 99; vi 2 § 3, 4 § 20, 101; vii 6 §§ 7, 8,
54, 90, 100; vii 4 § 6, 86, 96; vii 8 §§ 7-9, 86, 102;
vii 9, 89; vii 16 §§ 12, 13, 90, 93; vii 8, 9, 10, 94; vii
9 § 5, 95; vii 14, 15, 95; vii 2 §§ 3-7, 97; vii 10 § 14,
97; vii 6 §§ 1-5, 99; vii 15 §§ 1-6, 100; vii 12 §§ 3-6,
101; vii 10 § 13, 162; viii 4, 95, 100, 101; viii 6 §§
3-8, 98; viii 3 § 7, 100;
Rhetoric i 13 § 2, 35; i 9 § 27, 99; i 12 § 25, 102; ii 4 § 9,
102; iii 8 § 1, 97
Arrian, Indica 10 §§ 8, 9, 123, 210
Athenaeus, 149 d, 50; 263, 267 e-270 a, 62; 272 a, 264 c,
123; 276 b, 245; 264 d, 442
Attic Comedy, 61-5, 121
Augustin, de civitate Dei x 1, 393

Caesar
bell Afr 32, 35, 56, 275; 9, 40, 65, 412;
bell civ i 34, 56, 14, 183, 254;
bell Gall iv 1, vi 22, 291
Calpurnius, iv 118, 249; iv 25-6, 265
Cato
de agri cultura 5 § 4, 140, 173; 2 § 7, 158, 167; 5 § 2,
159; 3 § 1, 166; 4, 166, 170;
praef 166, 167; 16, 136-7, 146, 166; 147, 166; 56-7,
166, 172, 186; 10 § 1, 11 § 1, 167, 172; 1 § 4,
167; 1 § 3, 170; 2 § 1, 170; 5, 83, 143, 170; 13 § 1,
171; 64 § 1, 171; 66, 171; 144-5, 171; 146, 171;
 149 § 2, 171; 150, 172; 66-7, 172; 16, 38, 172; 5 §
6, 172; 14, 172; 7 § 2, 21 § 5, 173; 2 §§ 2, 4, 173;
136, 173;
Remains (ed Jordan) p 77, 164; 43, 165, 169
Catullus, xxiii 1, 221
Cicero
ad Atticum xiii 9 § 2, 194, 216;
ad familiares xiii 7, 11, 207; xvi 16 § 1, 197;
Brutus § 257, 188; § 85, 192; § 297, 193;
Catil ii § 18, 14, 155, 289; ii § 20, 155;
Cato maior § 56, 135, 137;
de finibus v § 52, 188;
de imperio Pompei § 16, 188;
de lege agraria ii § 78, 155; ii § 80-3, 198; ii §§ 84, 88-9,
198; ii § 82, 199; ii § 50, 207;
de legibus iii § 30, 201;
de officiis i § 150, 188, 230; i § 151, 193; i § 41, 193,
230; ii § 89, 154, 165; iii § 112, 145;
de oratore i §§ 83, 263, 188, 193; i § 249, 194, 264; ii §
40, 188, 193; ii § 287, 195; iii § 46, 188, 193, 227;
de republica iii § 16, 157; v § 5, 186, 195;
in toga candida, fr 11, 191; ii;
in Verrem i § 147, 193; ii § 27, 191; iii § 119, 158, 196;
iii § 66, 191; iii §§ 53-5 and passim, 195; iii § 27,
197; iii § 55, 224; iii § 190, 391; iv § 112, 191; iv §
77, 193; v § 45, 142; v passim, 191;
paradoxa vi § 46, 190;
Philippics viii § 32, 196;
pro Caecina §§ 10-19, 190; § 1, 191; §§ 58, 63, 193,
194; §§ 17, 57, 94, 194; § 94, 224;
pro Cluentio § 161, 191; § 163, 193; §§ 175, 182, 195,
224;
pro Fonteio §§ 11-13, 274;
pro Murena § 62, 187;
pro Plancio, § 62, 196;
 pro Rabirio (perd) §§ 10-17, 196;
pro Roscio comoedo §§ 32, 49, 54, 189;
pro Sex Roscio §§ 39-51, 146-7, 193; § 120, 197;
pro Sulla §§ 56-9, 290;
pro Tullio §§ 7-12, 21, 189; §§ 14-22, 190; § 17, 190,
194, 264; § 8, 191;
pro Vareno fr 5, 191;
Tusculan disputations i § 34, 188; iii § 77, 188; v § 104,
188; v § 34, 193
Claudian, 415-7
Codex Justinianus, iv 65 § 6, 364; iv 61 § 5, 397; ix 38,
375; x 32 § 42, 402; xi 48 § 13, 340, 424, 431; xi 59 § 1,
387; xi 48 §§ 2, 4, 393; xi 48 § 7, 394; xi 50 §§ 1, 2,
394; xi 55 § 2, 397; xi 48 § 1, 398; xi 54, 400, 425; xi 64
§ 2, 48 § 16, 425; xii 33 § 6, 396
Codex Theodosianus, ii 4 §§ 5, 6, 424; iii 1 § 2, 425; iv 13
§§ 2, 3, 395, 397; v 17, 18 [= 9, 10 Gothofr], 340; v 11
§§ 8, 12, 14 § 30, 349, 357; v 14 § 34, 351; v 17 [9] §§
1, 2, 386, 393, 425; v 17 § 2, 402; v 18 [10], 424, 425,
431; vi 26 § 14, 396; vii 13 §§ 7, 8, 12, 395, 396; vii 13 §
7, 396; vii 18 § 10, 396; vii 13 § 3, 418; vii 1 § 12, 423;
vii 20 § 7, 423; vii 22, 1 § 8, 423; viii 5, 391, 423; viii 2 §
3, 396; ix 32 § 1, 375; ix 30 § 3, 418; x 3 § 4, 351; x 3,
400; x 10 § 25, 416; xi 1 § 28, 293; xi 1 § 4, 351, 404; xi
2 §§ 1-5, 388; xi 1 § 14, 390, 393; xi 28, 390, 410; xi 1
§§ 11, 21, 22, 391; xi 16 §§ 3, 4, 391, 398; xi 16, 393; xi
1 § 12, 394; xi 3 § 2, 394; xi 7-10, 16 § 10, 395; xi 11,
395, 397; xi 8, 397; xi 16 §§ 14, 15, 18, 396, 414; xi 16
§ 10, 17 §§ 2-4, 397; xi 24, 400, 425; xi 24 § 2, 402; xi
16 § 15, 410; xi 1 § 36, 411; xi 6, 411; xi 1 § 26, 3 §§ 1-
5, 425; xi 3 § 3, 425; xi 1 § 26, 426; xii 1 § 45, 293; xii
19, 340; xii 1 § 128, 402; xii 1 § 169, 411; xiii 5, 391; xiii
10 § 1, 391; xiii 10 § 3, 393; xiv 4 § 4, 391; xiv 18, 392;
xiv 24, 408; xvi 5 § 48, 392; xvi 5 § 54, 405
Columella, i 4 § 2, 139; i praef §§ 3, 12, 13, 20, 160; i 3 §
12, 161, 233; i 7, 161, 224, 233, 252, 355; i 9 § 4,
172, 186, 300; i 3 §§ 6, 7, 248; i praef §§ 12, 13-15,
251, 256; i 1 § 20, 251; i 3 §§ 6, 7, 8-13, 251; i 5 § 5,
253; i 4 §§ 4, 5, 258; i 8, 258; i 8 §§ 1-3, 258; i 8 §§ 3,
4, 258; i 8 § 5, 258; i 8 § 6, 258; i 8 § 8, 258; i 8 § 9,
258; i 8 § 10, 259; i 8 § 11, 259; i 8 § 12, 259; i 8 § 13,
259; i 8 §§ 13-4, 259; i 8 § 15, 260; i 8 § 16, 260; i 8 §§
17-8, 260; i 8 § 19, 260; i 9 §§ 1-6, 261; i 9 §§ 7, 8,
261; i 4 § 7, 262; i 6 § 3, 262; i 3 § 12, 263; i 6 § 19,
263; i 8 § 5, 7 § 7, 263; i 6 § 7, 264; i 6 § 23, 264; i
praef §§ 1, 2, 265; i 3 § 9, 265; i praef § 12, 267; i praef
§ 17, 267; i 2 § 3, 267; i 3 §§ 3, 4, 267; i 4 § 4, 267; i 5
§§ 6, 7, 267; i 6 §§ 9-17, 267; i 6 §§ 7, 8, 355; ii 2 § 12,
256; ii 1, 265; ii 9 §§ 14, 16, 266; ii 6 § 2, 9 § 13, 267; ii
13 § 7, 267; ii 20 § 6, 267; ii 21 § 10, 267; iii 3 § 11,
205, 358; iii 21 § 10, 256, 265; iii 13 §§ 12, 13, 264; iii
3 § 4, 265; iii 3 § 8, 265; iv 6 § 3, 256; iv 3 § 1, 262; iv 3
§ 6, 265; vi praef §§ 3-5, 154, 165, 266; vi praef §§ 1, 2,
184; vi praef § 7, 229; vi 2 § 15, 3 § 3, 261; vi praef § 4,
263; viii 11 § 2, 12, 15 § 7, 262; viii 2 § 7, 263; viii 10 §§
3, 4, 266; xi 1 § 18, 161, 262; xi 1, 258; xi 1 §§ 3, 4, 7,
258; xi 1 §§ 9-13, 258; xi 1 §§ 13, 19, 258; xi 1 §§ 20-1,
258; xi 1 § 21, 258; xi 1 §§ 22-3, 258; xi 1 § 23, 258; xi 1
§§ 4 foll, 259, 260; xi 1 § 23, 259; xi 1 § 24, 259; xi 1 §§
25-6, 259; xi 1 §§ 27-30, 259; xi 1 § 22, 260; xi 1 §§ 8, 9,
261; xi 1 § 22, 262; xi 1 § 12, 267; xii praef §§ 8-10,
160, 251; xii 1 § 6, 3 §§ 7, 8, 161; xii 1 §§ 1, 2, 258; xii 1
§ 6, 3 §§ 7, 8, 262; xii 3, praef § 9, 262; xii 3 § 6, 263

Deinarchus, p 99, 96
Demosthenes (cited by marginal pages)
Androtion 613, 107;
Aphobus 816, 106;
 Aristocrates 668, 108;
Callicles 1274 etc, 108;
Crown 239, 106; 242, 109; 314, 111;
Embassy 376, 386, 426, 442, 106; 376, 107; 401-2, 112;
Eubulides 1319, 109; 1318, 111; 1313, 111;
Euergus and Mnesibulus 1155 etc, 109;
For Phormio 945, 106;
Lacritus 933, 107;
Leptines 466-7, 104;
Midias 568, 107; 530 etc, 112;
Nausimachus 986, 106;
Nicostratus 1253 etc, 108;
Olynthiacs 17, 104, 111;
Pantaenetus 979, 108;
Phaenippus 1040-1, 106, 111; 1044-5, 111;
Polycles 1207-8, 105;
Timotheus 1187, 109; 1199 etc, 110
Digest, i 19 § 3¹, 347, 357; i 5 § 17, 389; ii 14 § 42, 350,
378; vi 3 §§ 1, 2, 3, 376; vii 8 §§ 10⁴, 11, 363; vii 1 § 41,
365; vii 1 § 13, 366; vii 1 § 13⁴, 366; vii 4 §§ 8, 10, 366;
vii 1 §§ 25, 26, 370; vii 7 § 3, 370; vii 1 § 27³, 374; viii 6
§ 7, 293; viii 6 § 20, 371; viii 3, 373; ix 2 § 27¹⁴, 363; ix
2 § 27⁹,¹¹, 368; xi 4 § 1¹, 375; xii 1 § 4¹, 321; xii 2 §
28⁶, 364, 366; xii 6 § 55, 370; xiii 7 § 25, 365; xiii 4 § 3,
375; xv 3 § 16, 368, 450; xvii 2 § 46, 363; xviii 1 § 35⁸,
372; xix 2 § 24³, 252; xix 2 §§ 24, 25³, 254; xix 2 § 24,
321; xix 2 § 3, 344; xix 2 § 19², 344, 364, 365; xix 2 §§
15³, 24², 25², 51ᵖʳ, 54¹, 351, 363; xix 2 §§ 15⁴, 25⁶,
356; xix 2 §§ 15¹,²,⁸, 25⁶, 363; xix 2 § 54ᵖʳ, 363; xix 2 §§
9²,³, 23, 51ᵖʳ, 363; xix 2 § 52, 363; xix 2 §§ 15⁸, 24⁴, 25¹,
363; xix 2 § 15²,⁵, 363; xix 2 § 25⁶, 363; xix 2 § 60⁵,
363; xix 2 § 24¹, 364; xix 2 § 54¹, 364; xix 2 §§ 13¹¹, 14,
364; xix 2 §§ 3, 54², 364; xix 2 § 25³, 364; xix 2 §§ 19³,
25⁶, 365; xix 2 § 15, 365; xix 2 § 2ᵖʳ, 365; xix 2 §§ 25⁵,
29, 366; xix 2 §§ 55¹, 61ᵖʳ, 366; xix 1 § 49, 367; xix 2 §
30⁴, 368; xix 2 § 60⁷, 370; xix 2 § 25⁴, 372; xix 2 §§ 9³,
15, 374; xix 2 § 15², 374; xix 1 § 13⁶, 2 § 53, 376; xix 2 §
49, 377; xix 1 § 13⁶, 382; xix 2 §§ 13⁷, 15², 405; xx 2 §§
4, 7, 320; xx 1 § 21ᵖʳ, 363; xx 6 § 14, 363; xx 1 § 32, 367;
xxi 1 § 32, 368; xxvii 9 § 13ᵖʳ, 365; xxviii 5 § 35³, 368; xxx
§ 112ᵖʳ, 360; xxx § 39¹⁰, 377; xxxi § 86¹, 256, 365; xxxii
1 § 99, 307, 369, 435; xxxii § 91¹, 344, 366; xxxii §§
91¹, 93², 101¹, 364; xxxii § 41⁵, 367; xxxii §§ 60³, 68³,
368; xxxii §§ 41⁵, 91ᵖʳ,¹, 368; xxxii §§ 91ᵖʳ, 97, 368; xxxii
§ 97, 369; xxxiii 7 § 12⁴, 250; xxxiii 7 § 25¹, 254, 369;
xxxiii 7 § 19, 255; xxxiii 7 §§ 18⁴, 20¹, 257, 365, 367,
371; xxxiii 7 § 8ᵖʳ, 261; xxxiii 7 §§ 12³, 20¹,³, 299, 369;
, ,
xxxiii 7 § 12⁷ ³³, 300; xxxiii 7 § 20⁴, 300; xxxiii 7 § 12¹² ¹³,
307, 369; xxxiii 7 § 15², 311; xxxiii 7, 344; xxxiii 4 § 1¹⁵,
363; xxxiii 7 §§ 4, 15², 18⁴, 20¹, 364; xxxiii 7 § 24, 365;
,
xxxiii 7 § 12³, 8 § 23³, 368, 450; xxxiii 7 §§ 12³⁸, 20³ ⁴,
22¹, 368; xxxiii 7 § 20, 368; xxxiii 8 §§ 6ᵖʳ, 8ᵖʳ, 369; xxxiii
2 § 28, 382; xxxiii 7 § 25¹, 435; xxxiv 3 §§ 16, 18, 364;
xxxiv 4 § 31ᵖʳ, 367; xxxiv 1 § 18³, 3 § 12, 368; xxxix 4 §
12², 160; xxxix 6 § 3, 330; xxxix 3 §§ 4²,³, 5, 366; xxxix 4
§ 11¹,⁵, 376; xl 7 § 40⁵, 299, 364; xl 7 § 40⁶, 367; xl 7 §
40ᵖʳ,⁴,⁵, 368; xl 7 § 14ᵖʳ, 371; xli 3 § 33¹, 350, 373; xli 2
§ 30⁶, 364; xli 1 § 44, 372; xli 2 §§ 3⁸,¹², 25¹, 373; xli 1
§ 7¹⁻⁶, 374; xliii 24 § 15¹, 264; xliii 20 §§ 2, 5, 293; xliii
20 § 1³⁹⁻⁴³, 294; xliii 32, 33, 363; xliii 16 § 20, 364; xliii
24 § 13⁶, 366; xliii 16 § 1²⁰, 24 § 3ᵖʳ, 371; xliii 24 § 5¹¹,
371; xliii 16, 373; xliii 9 § 1, 376; xliii 8 § 2⁴, 377; xliv 7
§ 34², 363; xlv 1 § 89, 363; xlv 3 § 18³, 371; xlvii 12,
312; xlvii 2 §§ 52⁸, 62⁸, 83¹, 10 § 5⁴, 363; xlvii 2 § 68⁵,
363; xlvii 2 § 26¹, 365, 367; xlvii 2 §§ 26¹, 62³, 7 § 9,
366; xlvii 14, 372; xlvii 21 § 2, 372; xlvii 9 §§ 3³, 16,
375; xlvii 11 §§ 9, 10, 375; xlviii 19 § 16⁷, 372; xlviii 22 §
1, 378; xlix 14 § 47¹, 347, 377; xlix 14 § 50, 350, 363;
xlix 16 § 5², 372; xlix 14 § 3⁶, 376; xlix 14, 378; xlix 14 §
3¹⁰, 378; xlix 14 §§ 47, 50, 378; l 6 § 6¹¹, 347, 377; l
 15 § 4⁸, 360; l 16 § 198, 366; l 11 § 2, 375; l 8 § 2¹,
376; l 16 § 219, 376; l 1 § 38¹, 377; l 4 § 4, 377, 451; l
5 §§ 10, 11, 378; l 5 § 1², 392; l 15 §§ 3, 4, 420; l 1 §
38⁶, 2 § 1, 4 § 14⁶, 451
Diodorus, i 28, 73-4, 29; ii 39, 123; ii 40-1, 210; v 38 § 1, 2;
xviii 18, 120; xviii 70 § 1, 129; xx 84, 100, 122; xxxiv 2 §
26, 162; xxxiv 2 § 48, 198; xxxvi 162; xxxvi 5 § 6, 198
Dion Cassius, Fragm 40 § 27, 139; xliii 4 § 2, 275; xlviii 6 §
3, 240; lii 27-8, 225; lxxvi 10, 342; lxxvii 9 § 5, 389
Dion Chrysostom, orat vii 300-3; x 302; xiv 302; xv 15, 302
Dionysius, Rom Ant i 36-7, 232; ii 28, cf 8, 9, 210; iii 31,
144; iv 9, 13, 144; vi 3, 136; vi 79, 144; x 8, 17, 135; xvii
[xviii] 4, 147; xix 15, 138

Euripides
Alcestis 2, 6, 35;
Cyclops 76 foll, 23-4, 35;
Electra 37-8, 375-6, 33; 35-9, 73-4, 75-6, 78-81, 203-4,
252, 35; 360, 394, 36;
Heraclidae 639, 788-9, 890, 37;
Herc Fur 1341-6, 35;
Orestes 918-20, 36, 102;
Phoenissae 405, 33;
Rhesus 74-5, 176, 37;
Suppl 870, 30; 420-2, 36; fragments 33, 34, 36, 37

Festus, p 306 (Lindsay), 137

Florus, ii 7 § 3, 207
Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum, (FHG), 121
Frontinus, de aquis passim, 294-6
Fronto (Naber), p 29, 284; 169, 323; 144, 327; 35, 330
Gellius, ii 18, 327; iii 3, 327; v 3, 327; xv 4, 327; xx 1 § 47,
435

Herodian, ii 4 § 6, 337; vii 4 §§ 3-6, 341

Herodotus, ii 141, 164-7, 168, 28, 29, 210; iv 72, 30; iv 137,
30; vi 137, 30; vii 102, 29; viii 26, 105-6, 28, 29; viii 68,
28; viii 51, 29; viii 137, 29; viii 142, 30; viii 4, 41, 44, 106,
30; ix 11, 53, 55, 28
Hesiod, Works, 22-4
Hipponax, 25
Historia Augusta
Alexander 55 §§ 2, 3, 338;
Antoninus Pius 12 § 3, 378;
Aurelian 48 § 2, 337; 39 § 7, 338;
Claudius (Gothicus) 9 §§ 4, 5, 337;
Commodus 17 §§ 7, 8, 347;
Gallienus 9 § 5, 338;
Hadrian 18, 160, 233; 7 § 5, 378; 22 § 6, 418;
M Aurelius 11 § 7, 273; 21 §§ 6, 7, 324;
Maximin 13 § 4, 14 § 1, 341;
Probus 16 § 6, 337; 18 §§ 1, 2, 338;
Severus 14 § 2, 378
Homeric Poems
Iliad 16-17;
Odyssey 17-22
Horace
Epistles i 12, 207; i 14, 215; i 7, 234; i 15, 45-6, 235; i
14, 39, 236; i 16, 69-72, 236; i 1, 21, 254; i 18, 36,
295; ii 1, 139-40, 213; ii 2, 177-8, 214; ii 2, 184-6,
236;
Epodes ii 3, 214; ii 39 foll, 214; ii 230; iv 201, 236; iv
13, 214;
 Odes i 12, 213; i 1, 214; i 35, 214; i 1, 215; ii 15, 200,
213; ii 15, 18, 213; ii 3, 214; ii 14, 214; ii 16, 214;
iii 6, 200, 213; iii 1, 4, 5, 16, 214; iii 16, 214; iii 2,
215; iii 4, 37-8, 215, 236; iii 18, 227; iv 5, 15, 200,
232;
Satires i 5 77 foll, 214; i 3, 99 foll, 236; i 1, 28, 32, 237; ii
6, 6-15, 213; ii 7, 23, 213; ii 2, 115, 214, 235; ii 6,
55-6, 215, 236; ii 2, 234; ii 6, 235; ii 7, 118, 235
Hybrias, 25
Hyperides, fragm 109, 111

Inscriptions
CIL i 1034, 1076, 1386, 137; i 551, 191; viii 15454, 275;
viii 18587, 293; viii 14428, 348; viii 8425, 8426, 8702,
8777, 357;
Bruns fontes 143, 175;
Collitz 126;
Dessau 7822-3, 137; 1334, 275; 6790, 275;
Dittenberger 126, 343, 374;
General reference 312;
Girard, Textes ed 4, 272, 343, 389;
Mommsen 374;
monumentum Ancyranum 177, 237;
Wilmanns 191, 296, 408;
Wordsworth, specimens 143, 175, 191
Isaeus (cited by speeches and sections), v § 39, 85; vi §§ 19-
22, 82; vi § 33, 84; viii § 42, p 73, 47, 83; viii § 35, 82; xi
§§ 41-4, 82; fragment 84
Isocrates (cited by marginal pages in Baiter and Sauppe)
Archidamus passim 84;
Areopagiticus 150, 82; 148, 83; 150-1, 156, 83;
Busiris 224-5, 29, 72;
de bigis 349, 81;
 de pace 173, 185, 70; 170, 71; 178-80, 72; 183, 82; 164,
83; 177, 83, 84;
Helen 218, 72;
Panathenaicus 271, 75; 270, 82; 235, 241, 83;
Panegyricus, 46, 81; 47-8, 83; 67-8, 83; 50, 113;
Philippus 91-2, 82;
Plataicus 306, 85;
Trapeziticus 370, 81
Itineraries, 293

Julian, orat vii 419

Jurists (separately cited)
Gaius i 42-7, 333; ii 7, 21, 293, 351; iii 145, 255, 376; iii
142, 365;
Paulus sent i 6 a § 5, 375; iii 6 §§ 38, 40, 300; v 3 § 4,
375;
Fragmentum Vaticanum § 13, 367
Juvenal, i 107-8, 59, 315; i 75, 366; ii 73-4, 313; iii 58 foll,
271; iii 223-9, 313, 316; iv 25-6, 307; vi 1-18, 313; vi
287-95, 313; vi 149-52, 315; vii 188-9, 314; vii 148-9,
328; viii 245 foll, 313; ix 55, 249; ix 54-5, 314; ix 59-62,
314, 315; x 268-70, 167; x 356-66, 314, 316; x 225-6,
315; x 19-22, 323; xi 70-1, 309; xi 86-9, 313; xi 77-131,
313; xi 151 foll, 315; xi 77-81, 317; xiv 267-302, 309; xiv
161-71, 312; xiv 70-2, 313; xiv 159-63, 313; xiv 179-81,
313; xiv 86-95, 140 foll, 274-5, 315; xiv 140-55, 315; xiv
24, 334; xv 147-58, 313; xvi 32-4, 313; xvi 36-9, 315

Lactantius, de mort persecutorum 23 § 5, 389; 7 § 3, 393;

22-3, 420
Libanius, xxiv 16, 395; xlvii passim 400-2; l 36, 400
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