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5 msL¨v I MYbv K. msL¨v, A¼, ¯’vbxq gvb I Ask-K: msL¨v I A‡¼i Ask-K: msL¨v I MYbv gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
¯^Kxqgv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v aviYv A¼ I msL¨v `jMZ KvR, mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ask-L: ¯’vbxq I ¯^Kxq ¯’vbxq gvb cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv †cv÷vi, wba©vwiZ QK,
gv‡bi aviYv ¯^Kxq gvb
L. msL¨v I ¯’vbxq gvb I cÖ‡kœvËi MwYZ wk¶vµg-2021
Ask-M: msL¨v I ¯’vbxq
cvV`v‡b mwVK wkLb gvb cvV`v‡b mwVK wkLb
†kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Ask-N: Awa‡ek‡bi
mvims‡ÿcKiY
6 cÖv_wgK K. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi K. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I Ask-K: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv `jMZ KvR, mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
†gŠwjK Pvi cvi‡eb; L.‡hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I 6.1.1 †hv‡Mi aviYv cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv †cv÷vi †ccvi,
wbqg-1
L. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi fv‡Mi wkLb †kLv‡bv 6.1.2 †gŠwjK †hvMmZ¨ I cÖ‡kœvËi wba©vwiZ QK, MwYZ
wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I c×wZ I †KŠkj eY©bv 6.2.1 we‡qv‡Mi aviYv wk¶vµg|
†KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z Kiv| we‡qv‡Mi MvwYwZK mgm¨v
cvi‡eb| M. Awa‡ek‡bi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
mvims‡ÿcKiY 6.2.2 †gŠwjK we‡qvMmZ¨
6.3.1 ¸‡Yi aviYv
6.3.2 †gŠwjK ¸YbmZ¨
6.4.1 fv‡Mi aviYv
6.4.2 †gŠwjK fvMmZ¨
6.5.1 †hvM wkÿv`vb †KŠkj:
6.5.2 we‡qvM wkÿv`vb
†KŠkj:
6.5.3 MyYb wkÿv`vb †KŠkj
7 cÖv_wgK K. c×wZMZfv‡e †hvM, K: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
MwY‡Zi we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi cvV fv‡Mi wkLb-†kLv‡bv `jMZ KvR, cvV mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
†gŠwjK Pvi Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; c×wZ I †KŠkj Abymv‡i cÖ`k©b/gvB‡µv- †cv÷vi †ccvi,
wbqg-2
L. cv‡Vi gvb Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki cvV Dc¯’vcb wUwPs, Av‡jvPbv I wba©vwiZ QK BZ¨vw`
djveZ©b cÖ`vb Ki‡Z L. cv‡Vvbœq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡kœvËi|
cvi‡eb| cvVv`vb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq
I Kvh©Ki djveZ©b
cÖ`vb
8 jmv¸ I Mmv¸ K. ¸wYZK I ¸YbxqK Gi Ask K: ¸wYZK I - cÖ‡kœvËi, `jMZ cÖv_wgK MwYZ
aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; ¸YbxqK Gi aviYv KvR cÖ`k©b I cvV¨cy¯ÍK (4_© I 5g
L. jmv¸ I Mmv¸ msµvšÍ Ask-L: jmv¸ I Mmv¸ Av‡jvPbv †kÖwYi), †cv÷vi
msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v
MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb †ccvi, gvK©vi BZ¨vw`
mgvavb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ask-M jmv¸ I Mmv¸'i
M. jmv¸ I Mmv¸'i wkLb- wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj †KŠkj wPwýZ
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Ask-N: Awa‡ek‡bi
mvims‡ÿcKiY

9 mvaviY fMœvsk- K. mvaviY fMœvsk Gi aviYv K. mvaviY fMœvsk Gi Ask K: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki AwfÁZv wewbgq, n¨vÛ-AvDU
1 I cwifvlv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z aviYv I cwifvlv e¨vL¨v aviYvi Ici (Kg©cÎ- 9.1 Gi cÖ‡kœvËi, †Rvovq (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg
cvi‡eb; Ki‡Z cvi‡eb mgvavb) KvR, `jMZ KvR, I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg)
L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv, L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki Ask-L: mnvqK Z_¨ 9.2 cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv †cv÷vi †ccvi,
Zzjbv Ges †hvM we‡qvM aviYv, Zzjbv Ges †hvM fMœvsk wK? gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v we‡qvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK fMœvs‡ki aib BZ¨vw`
mgvavb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v mgm¨v mgvavb †KŠkj Ask L: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb aviYv, Zzjbv Ges †hvM we‡qvM
msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v
10 mvaviY fMœvsk-
K. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y- K. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y - AwfÁZv wewbgq, n¨vÛ-AvDU
1 fv‡Mi wkLb-†kLv‡bvi I fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK cÖ‡kœvËi, †Rvovq (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg
avc I avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v mgm¨v mgvavb KvR, `jMZ KvR, I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg)
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv †cv÷vi †ccvi,
L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I I fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb BZ¨vw`
mgm¨v mgvavb ‡KŠkj M. h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; c×wZ I †KŠkj Abymv‡i
M. wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I mvaviY fMœvsk msµvšÍ
†KŠkj h_vh_ AbymiY cvV Dc¯’vcb Kiv
K‡i mvaviY fMœvsk
msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
11 `kwgK fMœvsk K. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv Ask K: `kwgK Ask K: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; fMœvs‡ki aviYv aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiv| cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
L. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq Ask L: `kwgK Ask M: `kwgK fMœvsk I cÖ‡kœvËi †cv÷vi †ccvi,
fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq gv‡bi msµvšÍ cv‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv
gv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wba©vwiZ QK|
aviYv †KŠkj
cvi‡eb; Ask M: `kwgK fMœvsk
M. `kwgK fMœvsk msµvšÍ msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb I
cv‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj
†KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z wPwýZKiY
cvi‡eb| Ask N: mvims‡ÿcKiY

12 kZKiv K. kZKiv aviYv e¨vL¨v Ask L. kZKiv wkLb kZKiv m¤úwK©Z †gŠwjK AwfÁZv wewbgq, n¨vÛ-AvDU
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; †kLv‡bvi avc I Z_¨ cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b I (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg
L. kZKiv wkLb †kLv‡bvi avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v Av‡jvPbv| I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg)
Ask M. kZKiv msµvšÍ
avc I avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v †cv÷vi †ccvi,
cvV Dc¯’vcb I wkLb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
 M. kZKiv msµvšÍ cvV †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wPwýZ gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
Dc¯’vcb Ges wkLb KiY BZ¨vw`|
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

13 cwigvc-1 K. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij Ask M: ˆ`N©¨, IRb I - gvB‡µv-wUwPs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK-
c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigvc Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cÖ`k©b, mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
wkL‡b wkï‡`i cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GK‡Ki gvwëwgwWqvq †nvqvBU †evW© BZ¨vw`|
m¤úK© Ges wkLb-
P¨v‡jÄmg~n e¨³ Ki‡Z cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
cvi‡eb; Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi BZ¨vw`|
L. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij mvims‡ÿcKiY
c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci
cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb;
M. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij
c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci
wewfbœ GK‡Ki m¤úK© Ges
wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I
†KŠk‡ji aib e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
14 cwigvc-2 K. mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ K. mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ AwfÁZv wewbgq, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb| cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv, mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; L. ˆ`N©¨, IRb, Zij Z_¨cÎ Dc¯’vcb, †cv÷vi, wba©vwiZ QK,
L. ˆ`N©¨, IRb, Zij c`v_© c`v_© I mgq cwigvc `jMZ KvR, MwYZ wk¶vµg BZ¨vw`
I mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb| cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv
cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges wkLb-
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
15 R¨vwgwZK K. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK K. wewfbœ ai‡bi - 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi wewfbœ AvK…wZi e¯‘,
AvK…wZ-1 AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzf©yR I R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ cÖv_wgK MwYZ n¨vÛ-AvDU, 3q †_‡K
e„Ë) Gi aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z (wÎfzR, PZzf©yR I e„Ë) cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK
cvi‡eb; Gi aviYv mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK,
L. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK L. wewfbœ ai‡bi †ccvi, gvK©vi, †cv÷vi †ccvi,
AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzf©yR I R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ gvwëwgwWqv gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
e„Ë) wewfbœ Dcv‡q A¼b (wÎfzR, PZzf©yR I e„Ë) BZ¨vw`
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wewfbœ Dcv‡q A¼b
16 R¨vwgwZK K. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK K. wewfbœ ai‡bi - aviYv wewbgq, wewfbœ AvK…wZi e¯‘,
AvK…wZ-2 AvK…wZ wkLb †kLv‡bv R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ wkLb- cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv, n¨vÛ-AvDU, 3q †_‡K
†KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ‡kLv‡bv †KŠkj L. Z_¨cÎ Dc¯’vcb I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK
cvi‡eb; cwiKwíZ c×wZ I Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK,
L. h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i KvR, cÖ`k©b I wkÿK mnvwqKv,
c×wZ I †KŠkj Abymv‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK Av‡jvPbv †cv÷vi †ccvi,
wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ msµvšÍ wkLb- gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
AvK…wZ msµvšÍ cvV †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg BZ¨vw`
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; cwiPvjbv
17 †ÿÎdj-1 K. †ÿÎ I †ÿÎd‡ji aviYv Ask K: †ÿÎ I - cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv, wewfbœ AvK…wZi is Kiv
e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; †ÿÎd‡ji aviYv †Rvovq KvR, KvW©, wewfbœ AvK…wZi
L. wewfbœ ai‡bi PZzf©zR†ÿÎ Ask L: wewfbœ ai‡bi `jMZ KvR, Qwe/PvU©,
PZzf©zR†ÿÎ I
I wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj gvB‡µv-wUwPs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK,Kg©cÎ,
wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; wbY©q †eªBb ÷wg©s gvwëwgwWqv, †nvqvBU
M. GKB AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi Ask M: GKB AvK…wZi †evW© BZ¨vw`|
†ÿÎdj wewfbœ Dcv‡q †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wewfbœ
wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Dcv‡q wbY©q
Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi
mvims‡¶cKiY
18 †ÿÎdj-2 K. wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi Ask K: wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi - AwfÁZv wewbgq, 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi
†ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`v‡b †ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`v‡b cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖv_wgK MwYZ
P¨v‡jÄmg~n kbv³ Ki‡Z P¨v‡jÄmg~n Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK-
Ask L: wewfbœ AvK…wZi
cvi‡eb; KvR, cÖ`k©b, mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi
†ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q
L. Dchy³ wkLb-†kLv‡bv msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb ‡eªBb ÷wg©s | †ccvi, gvK©vi,
c×wZ I †KŠkj AbymiY Ges wkLb-†kLv‡bv gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`|
K‡i wewfbœ AvK…wZi c×wZ I †KŠkj
†ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q wPwýZKiY
msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
19 DcvË K. DcvË msMÖn I Ask K: DcvË msMÖn I DcvË cÖ`k©b gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K
Dc¯’vcb web¨šÍKi‡Yi aviYv I web¨¯ÍKiY cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv,
wk¶v`vb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ask L: †jLwP‡Îi aviYv I cÖ‡kœvËi †cv÷vi †ccvi,
I wk¶v`vb †KŠkj
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; BZ¨vw`| wba©vwiZ QK BZ¨vw`|
Ask N: mvims‡ÿcKiY
L. †jLwP‡Îi aviYv I
wk¶v`vb †KŠkj
Dc¯_vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
20 cvV-cwiKíbv K. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wk¶vq cvV Ask K: cvV-cwiKíbvi - gvB‡µv-wUwPs, mnvqK Z_¨, cvV¨-
I Dc¯’vcb cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v ¸iæZ¡ †eªBb ÷wg©s, cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv,
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; Ask L: cvV cwiKíbvi cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv| †nvqvBU †evW©, gvK©vi
wewfbœ avc wPwýZKiY
L. cvV cwiKíbvi wewfbœ avc BZ¨vw`
Ask M: cvV cwiKíbv
wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cwigvR©b I Abykxjb
M. cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY
K‡i cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV
Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
 m~wPcÎ

µwgK bs welqe¯‘ c„ôv b¤^i

1 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµg 01
2 cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ I wkÿK mnvwqKv ch©v‡jvPbv Ges e¨envi 08
3 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g DcKiY 12
4 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj 13
5 msL¨v I MYbv 22
6 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-1 26
7 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-2 35
8 jmv¸ I Mmv¸ 38
9 mvaviY fMœvsk-1 40
10 mvaviY fMœvsk-2 47
11 `kwgK fMœvsk 49
12 kZKiv 57
13 cwigvc-1 60
14 cwigvc-2 63
15 R¨vwgwZ AvK…wZ-1 65
16 R¨vwgwZ AvK…wZ-2 67
17 †ÿÎdj-1 69
18 †ÿÎdj-2 75
19 DcvË Dc¯’vcb 77
20 cvV cwiKíbv I cvV Abykxjb 86

2
 Awa‡ekb: 01 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµg

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµg KvVv‡gvq cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi wkLb†ÿÎwfwËK †hvM¨Zv I welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv
e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wel‡qi Avek¨Kxq wkLbµ‡gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘‡Z cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb wbiƒcY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 1.30 NÈv

c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b, Dc¯’vcb, Av‡jvPbv, AwfÁZv wewbgq|
DcKiY: n¨vÛ-AvDU (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg 2021), †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi,
†cÖ‡R‡›Ukb|

Ask K: MwYZ wkÿvµ‡g wkLb†ÿÎwfwËK †hvM¨Zv I welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv wba©viY 20 wgwbU

1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡½ mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|
2. welqe¯‘i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© GKwU Avb›``vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
3. cÖkœ Kiæb cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡g (cÖv_wgK) MwYZ I hyw³ wkLb‡ÿ‡Î wkLb†ÿÎwfwËK †hvM¨Zv
wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv?
4. K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©xi gZvgZ ïbyb|
5. gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡i cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡gi MwYZ I hyw³ wel‡qi wkLb†ÿÎwfwËK †hvM¨Zv
cÖ`k©b Kiæb mnvqK Z_¨ 01 (Ask-K)|
6. G e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bv A¯úóZv _vK‡j Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevi aviYv my¯úó Kiæb|
7. wb‡Pi †KBm ÷vwW Dc¯’vcb Kiæb
‡KBm ÷vwW
Rbve Avãyi ingvb AbjvB‡b GbwmwUwe KZ…©K Av‡qvwRZ wkÿvµg we¯ÍiY cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
D³ cÖwkÿY †_‡K wZwb †R‡b‡Qb †h 2011 mv‡ji cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡g MwYZ wel‡qi 30wU
welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv cwigvR©b K‡i 2021 mv‡ji cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡g 8wU †hvM¨Zv wba©viY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| D³ cÖwkÿY †_‡K GUvI †R‡b‡Qb †h cwigvwR©Z †hvM¨Zv¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ †cÖÿvcU we‡ePbvq
bZzb bZzb welqe¯‘ ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

8. †KBm ÷vwWi Av‡jv‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k cÖkœ Kiæb

 2011 m‡b cwigvwR©Z cÖv_wgK wkÿvµ‡g MwYZ wel‡qi welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv KqwU wQj
Ges 2021 wkÿvµ‡g KqwU?
9. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i DËi ïbyb| mnvqK Z_¨ 1.2 I 1.3 Gi Av‡jv‡K aviYv ¯úó Kiæb| 2021 mv‡ji
welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zvq Kx Kx bZzb welq ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv ej‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

1
Ask L: cÖv_wgK MwYZ wel‡qi Avek¨Kxq wkLbµ‡gi aviYv 25 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k cÖkœ Kiæb
 Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©xi DËi ïbyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb| MwY‡Zi 2wU welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK
†hvM¨Zvi †kÖwYwfwËK wefvRb (mnvqK Z_¨ 1.4) †cv÷vi †ccv‡i/gvwëwgwWqvq cÖ`k©b Kiyb Ges
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvMmnKv‡i †`L‡Z ejyb|
2. AskMÖnYKvixM‡Yi D‡Ï‡k wb¤œiƒc cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiyb:
 cÖ`wk©Z †hvM¨Zv `yBwUi †kÖwYwfwËK wefvRb †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z †kl
n‡q‡Q?
G †ÿ‡Î cÖwZwU †kÖwYi †hvM¨Zvq wfbœZvi KviY Kx? gZvgZ wbb cÖ‡qvR‡b aviYv w`b- welqwfwËK
†hvM¨Zv †_‡K AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv, AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv †_‡K wkLbdj, wkLbdj †_‡K
wel‡qi welqe¯‘ wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| †Kvb †hvM¨Zvi AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv 1g/2q/3q †kÖwY
†_‡K ïiæ n‡q Zv 3q/4_©/5g †kÖwY‡Z wM‡qI †kl n‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖm½ _vK‡j aviYv
¯úó K‡i †kl Kiæb|

Ask M: MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘‡Z cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb 40 wgwbU

1. AskMªnYKvixM‡Yi m‡½ wb¤œiƒc cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g welqe¯‘ Dc¯’vcb Kiyb
 wkLbdj Kx?
 cwiKwíZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e wkLbdj AwR©Z nq?
2. DËi w`‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| MwY‡Zi Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg †_‡K GKwU welqwfwËK cÖvwšÍK †hvM¨Zv
¯øvB‡W cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv, wkLbdj, welqe¯‘ I cwiKwíZ
KvR wKfv‡e mvRv‡bv _v‡K Zvi aviYv ¯úó Kiæb| mnvqK Z_¨ 1.5 Gi mnvqZv wbb|
3. 1g †kÖwYi GKwU welqe¯‘i m‡½ †kÖwYwfwËK AR©b Dc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv I wkLbd‡ji m¤úK© †`wL‡q
w`b| Zvici cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 3wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖwZ `‡j GKwU †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK (1g, 2q I
3q) I MwY‡Zi we¯Í…Z wkÿvµ‡gi d‡UvKwc mieivn Kiæb|
4. MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘‡Z cwigvwR©Z wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb wKfv‡e N‡U‡Q Zv `‡j ms‡ÿ‡c
wjL‡Z ejyb| `jxq KvR †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvRb n‡j djveZ©b w`b|
5. †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevi aviYv my¯úó Kiyb|

Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb| mevB‡K ab¨ev`
w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

2
 mnvqK Z_¨ 01 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿvµg

Ask-K: wkLb†ÿÎwfwËK †hvM¨Zv

wkLb†ÿÎ †hvM¨Zv
MwYZ I hyw³ [1] MvwYwZK msL¨v I cÖwµqvi (†hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM) aviYv jvf K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi `ÿZv AR©b Kiv|
[2] R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ I wewfbœ ai‡bi cwigv‡ci aviYv jvf K‡i cÖvZ¨vwnK Rxe‡b Zv e¨envi
Ki‡Z cviv|
[3] ch©‡eÿY I cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi (wg_w¯Œqv) gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn, cÖwµqvKiY I we‡kølY
K‡i †hŠw³K wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqvi `ÿZv AR©b Kiv|
[4] ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b m„RbkxjZvi m‡½ BwZevPK I †hŠw³Kfv‡e MvwYwZK `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i
e¨w³MZ Ges mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|

1.2 cwigvwR©Z welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv (MwYZ) 2021

1. msL¨vi aviYv jvf K‡i MYbv Ki‡Z Ges msL¨v‡K wewfbœ c¨vUv‡b© mvRv‡Z cviv I ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b
msL¨v e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
2. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges MvwYwZK hyw³ I mgvav‡bi av‡ci avivevwnKZv
(A¨vjMwi`g) eRvq †i‡L ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
3. fMœvsk I kZKivi aviYv jvf K‡i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b G m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z
cviv|
4. gy`ªv e¨envi K‡i ˆ`bw›`b †jb‡`b Kiv Ges m‡q AvMÖnx n‡q Zv Kj¨vYKi Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Z
cviv|
5. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq cÖwZK cvi¯cwiK m¤ú‡K©i e¨envi †R‡b MvwYwZK evK¨ MVb Kiv I mgm¨v
mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
6. R¨vwgwZK AvKvi I AvK…wZi aviYv jvf K‡i c¨vUvb© Abyhvqx †kÖwYweb¨vm Ki‡Z cviv Ges ˆ`bw›`b
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|
7. cwigv‡ci aviYv jvf K‡i cwigvc Ki‡Z I ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Zv e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
8. wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn, cÖwµqvKiY I we‡kølY Ki‡Z cviv Ges ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b G `ÿZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i
wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cviv|

3
1.3 welqwfwËK †hvM¨Zv (MwYZ) 2011
1. ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ MvwYwZK aviYv jvf Kiv|
2. DcKiY MYbv Ki‡Z cviv|
3. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z cviv|
4. 0 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ msL¨v cÖwZK¸‡jv wPb‡Z cviv|
5. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨v co‡Z I wjL‡Z cviv|
6. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨vq e¨eüZ A‡¼i ¯’vbxq gvb wbY©q Ki‡Z cviv|
7. †KvwU ch©šÍ msL¨vi Zzjbv Ki‡Z I gv‡bi µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡Z cviv|
8. wek ch©šÍ µgevPK msL¨v co‡Z, wjL‡Z I e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
9. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK msL¨vi †hvM I GZ`msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavi Ki‡Z cviv (nv‡Z bv †i‡L I †i‡L)|
10. GKwU msL¨v †_‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v we‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv (nv‡Z bv †i‡L I †i‡L)|
11. †hvM I we‡qvM cÖwµqv e¨envi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
12. GKwU msL¨v‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z cviv (¸Y¨ Ab~aŸ© 4 A¼wewkó msL¨v Ges ¸YK Ab~aŸ©
3 A¼wewkó msL¨v)|
13. GKwU msL¨v‡K Avi GKwU msL¨v Øviv fvM Ki‡Z cviv (fvR¨ Ab~aŸ© 5 A¼wewkó Ges fvRK Ab~aŸ© 3
A¼wewkó msL¨v n‡e)|
14. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM cÖwµqv e¨envi K‡i mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv (Kvh©wewai †h- †Kv‡bv ch©v‡q
4 A¼wewkó msL¨vi †P‡q eo msL¨v e¨eüZ n‡e bv)|
15. evsjv‡`wk gy`ªv I UvKv wPb‡Z Ges ˆ`bw›`b †jb‡`‡b e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
16. M‡oi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges GZ`msµvšÍ mnR mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
17. M.mv.¸. I j.mv.¸.Õi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges mnR mgm¨v mgvav‡b Gme aviYv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv|
18. cÖwZK e¨envi K‡i MvwYwZK evK¨ MVb Kiv I mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv|
19. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv jvf Kiv (ni Ab~aŸ© 2 A‡¼i msL¨v) Ges wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii fMœvsk †Pbv I e¨envi
Ki‡Z cviv|
20. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges G msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv
(fMœvs‡ki ni Ab~aŸ© 2 A‡¼i msL¨v)|
21. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv jvf Kiv I e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
22. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
23. kZKivi aviYv jvf Kiv Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡b e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
24. ˆ`N©¨, IRb, AvqZb I f~wg cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GKK Rvbv I e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
25. mgq cwigv‡ci GKK Rvbv Ges e¨envi Ki‡Z cviv|
26. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ Z_¨ msMÖn I web¨vm Ki‡Z Ges RbmsL¨vwfwËK wewfbœ Z_¨ †jLwP‡Îi cÖKvk Ki‡Z
cviv|
27. cwi‡e‡ki wewfbœ e¯‘i R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ wPb‡Z cviv I bvgKiY Ki‡Z cviv|
28. Zj, †iLv I we›`y m¤ú‡K© aviYv jvf Kiv|
29. mgZjxq R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZi †kÖwYweb¨vm I bvgKiY Ki‡Z cviv (wÎfzR, PZzf©yR I e„Ë) Ges wPÎ AuvK‡Z
cviv|
30. K¨vjKz‡jU‡ii e¨envi †KŠkj Rvbv I wnmve-wbKv‡k cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cviv Ges Kw¤úDUvi m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|

4
mnvqK Z_¨: 1.4 Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg (wkÿvµg 2021)
welqwfwËK †kÖwYwfwËK AR©‡bvc‡hvMx †hvM¨Zv
†hvM¨Zv 1g †kÖwY 2q †kÖwY 3q †kÖwY 4_© †kÖwY 5g †kÖwY
4. gy`ªv e¨envi 4.1 4.1 4.1 gy`ªv 4.1 evsjv‡`wk -
K‡i ˆ`bw›`b evsjv‡`wk evsjv‡`wk msµvšÍ mgm¨v gy`ªv msµvšÍ
†jb‡`b Kiv gy`ªv wP‡b gy`ªv wP‡b mgvavb K‡i mnR mgm¨v
Ges m‡qh_vh_fv‡e h_vh_fv‡e ˆ`bw›`b mgvavb K‡i
AvMÖnx n‡q Zvˆ`bw›`b ˆ`bw›`b †jb‡`b Ki‡Z ˆ`bw›`b
Kj¨vYKi †jb‡`‡b †jb‡`‡b cviv Ges †jb‡`b Ki‡Z
Kv‡R e¨envi e¨envi e¨envi m‡q AvMÖnx cviv Ges
Ki‡Z cviv| Ki‡Z cviv| Ki‡Z cviv| n‡q Zv m‡q AvMÖnx
Kj¨vYKi n‡q Zv
Kv‡R e¨envi Kj¨vYKi
Ki‡Z cviv| Kv‡R e¨envi
Ki‡Z cviv|
5. MvwYwZK - 5.1 †hŠw³K 5.1 MvwYwZK 5.1 MvwYwZK 5.1 MvwYwZK
cÖwµqvq e¨vL¨v I ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ ev‡K¨ we`¨gvb ivwk I ev‡K¨i
cÖwZKmg~‡ni we‡køl‡Yi we`¨gvb m¤úK© msL¨v g‡a¨ we`¨gvb
cvi¯cwiK gva¨‡g mnR †hŠw³Kfv‡e ivwk¸‡jvi m¤úK©
m¤ú‡K©i MvwYwZK e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z m¤úK© †hŠw³Kfv‡e
e¨envi †R‡b evK¨ ˆZwi cviv| †hŠw³Kfv‡e we‡kølY Ki‡Z
MvwYwZK evK¨ Ki‡Z cviv| we‡kølY Ki‡Z cviv I
MVb Kiv I cviv| ˆ`bw›`b wewfbœ
mgm¨v mgvavb mgm¨v mgvav‡b
Ki‡Z cviv| Zv cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cviv|

5
 mnvqK Z_¨t 1.5 we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg 2021
wØZxq †kÖwY
welqwfwËK ‡kÖwYwfwËK wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv
AR©‡bvc‡hvMx AR©‡bvc‡hvMx wkLbdj welqe¯‘ c×wZ/†KŠkj cwiKwíZ c×wZ Uzjm
†hvM¨Zv †hvM¨Zv KvR
2.MvwYwZK 2.1 †hv‡Mi 2.1.1 †hvM Qwe, ch©‡eÿY ‡PKwj÷
cÖwµqvi aviYv aviYv jvf wewfbœ e¯‘ cÖ`k©b, wfwWI †gŠwLK cÖkœgvjv
jvf Kiv Ges K‡i `yBwU e¨envi Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©bc~e©K wjwLZ
MvwYwZK hyw³ msL¨vi †hvM K‡i nv‡Z `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv
I mgvav‡bi Ki‡Z cviv bv †i‡L GKK KvR. Kiv|
avcmg~‡ni Ges ˆ`bw›`b `yBwU MvwYwZK †Ljv e¯‘ e¨envi
avivevwnKZv Rxe‡b †hvM msL¨vi K‡i †Ljvi
(A¨vjMwi`g) msµvšÍ wewfbœ †hvM gva¨‡g
eRvq †i‡L mgm¨v Ki‡Z †hvM Kiv
ˆ`bw›`b AvMÖ‡ni m‡½ cvi‡e
Rxe‡bi wewfbœ mgvavb †hLv‡b
mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cviv| †hvMdj
Ki‡Z cviv| m‡ev©”P
1000|
2.1.2 Av‡jvPbvi ch©‡eÿY ‡PKwj÷
nv‡Z bv Av‡jvPbv, gva¨‡g †gŠwLK cÖkœgvjv
†i‡L wZb fzj aviYv †hv‡Mi wjwLZ
A¼wewkó hvPvB, `jMZ aviYv
`yBwU KvR, GKK Dc¯’vcb
msL¨v KvR. Kiv|
cvkvcvwk MvwYwZK †Ljv nv‡Z bv
I Dci- †i‡L †hvM
wbP †hvM Kiv|
Ki‡Z ‡Ljvi
cvi‡e gva¨‡g wZb
†hLv‡b A¼wewkó
†hvMdj `yBwU msL¨v
m‡ev©”P cvkvcvwk
1000| I Dci-
wbP †hvM
Kiv
2.1.3 cÖ`k©b, Qwe, ch©‡eÿY ‡PKwj÷
wewfbœ e¯‘ Av‡jvPbv, wfwWI †gŠwLK cÖkœgvjv
e¨envi `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©bc~e©K wjwLZ

6
K‡i nv‡Z GKK KvR. Av‡jvPbv
†i‡L `yB MvwYwZK †Ljv Kiv|
A¼wewkó e¯‘ e¨envi
`yBwU K‡i †Ljvi
msL¨vi gva¨‡g
†hvM †hvM Kiv
Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
2.1.4 Av‡jvPbv, Av‡jvPbvi ch©‡eÿY ‡PKwj÷
Ab~aŸ© wZb `jMZ KvR, gva¨‡g †gŠwLK cÖkœgvjv
A¼wewkó †Rvovq KvR, nv‡Z †i‡L wjwLZ
`yBwU GKK KvR, †hv‡Mi
msL¨v Abykxjb, aviYv
nv‡Z †i‡L MvwYwZK †Ljv Dc¯’vcb
Dci-wbP Kiv|
I nv‡Z †i‡L
cvkvcvwk wZb
†hvM A¼wewkó
Ki‡Z msL¨v
cvi‡e cvkvcvwk
†hLv‡b I Dci-
†hvMdj wbP
m‡ev©”P Abykxjb
1000| Kiv

7
 Awa‡ekb: cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ I wkÿK mnvwqKv ch©v‡jvPbv
02 Ges e¨envi

wkLbdj:
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wk¶vµ‡gi m‡½ cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi welqe¯‘i m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿK mnvwqKvi ˆewkó¨ I Gi e¨envi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, mgm¨v mgvavb, `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi, wba©vwiZ QK, MwYZ wk¶vµg|
Ask K: wkÿvµg I cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki m¤úK© 20 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. MwY‡Zi GB auvavwU cÖ`k©b Kiæb Ges mgvavb LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb| 2/3 wgwbU mgq w`‡q mevB
DËi wgwj‡q wbb|

3. wb‡Pi wZbUv wee„wZ †_‡K AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †h †Kv‡bv GKUv MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb|
K) cv‡Vi welqe¯‘i wfwˇZ wkLbdj wba©viY Kiv nq m¤¢ve¨ DËi
L) wkLbd‡ji wfwˇZ cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ iPbv Kiv nq wkLbd‡ji wfwˇZ cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ I
M) wkÿK cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ I wkLbdj wba©viY K‡ib cvV¨cy¯ÍK iPbv Kiv nq

4. wee„wZ¸‡jvi c‡ÿ I wec‡ÿ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gZvgZ wbb|

5. gZvgZ †k‡l mwVK wee„wZ wba©vi‡Y mnvqZv Kiæb|
6. wb‡Pi †KBm ÷vwW Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|
†KBm ÷vwW: bexb wk¶K Zvmwjb dv‡Zgv| we`¨vj‡q †hvM w`‡j mnKg©xiv Zv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| cÖavb
wk¶K Zv‡K mnKg©x wk¶K Avi wk¶v_©x‡`i m‡½ cwiPq Kwi‡q †`b| cÖ_g w`‡bi ci Zv‡K we`¨vj‡qi
iæwU‡b wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z K‡qKUv cvV †`qv nq| Gi g‡a¨ GKUv n‡jv PZz_© †kÖwYi MwYZ| wk¶v_©xiv ZLb
PZz_© †kÖwYi MwY‡Zi 2q Aa¨v‡q wQj| cÖ_g cv‡V gRvi wKQy K_v e‡j AveviI PZz_© †kÖwYi wk¶v_©x‡`i
m‡½ cwiwPZ nb| cv‡Vi ïiæ‡Z Zvmwjb dv‡Zgv PZz_© †kÖwY‡Z Aa¨vq 2-Gi Abykxj‡bi mgm¨v wb‡q
KvR Avi¤¢ Ki‡jb| †ev‡W© mgm¨v Zz‡j w`‡q wk¶v_©x‡`i wb‡R‡`i LvZvq Zvi mgvavb Ki‡Z ej‡jb|
cvV¨eB‡q Abykxj‡bi Av‡M-c‡i †h aviYv I eY©bv Zvi cÖwZ wZwb †Zgb †Lqvj Ki‡jb bv| `yRb

8
 wk¶v_©x †ev‡W© †`qv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †Póv Kij| evwKiv †Zgb wKQy mvov w`j bv| Zvmwjb dv‡Zgv
AvZ¥wek¦vmx, wKš‘ wkÿK wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri KvR I cÖwkÿYv_©xi mvov †_‡K mš‘ó n‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv|
7. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mvg‡b cÖkœ ivLyb- Ôbexb wkÿK Zvmwjb dv‡Zgv †kÖwY cv‡V fvj Ki‡Z Kx Kx
Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb?Õ
8. †gŠwLK DËi bv wb‡q cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡Ri LvZvq Zvmwjb dv‡Zgvi Rb¨ civgk© wjL‡Z
ejyb| GKR‡bi wjwLZ civgk© Ab¨Rb‡K †`L‡Z ejyb|
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g- Kvh©Ki cvV cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î cvV¨eB ch©v‡jvPbv I wkÿK mnvwqKv e¨env‡ii ¸iæZ¡
wb‡Pi mnvqK Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K ¯úó Kiæb|

Ask L: cvV¨cy¯ÍK ch©v‡jvPbv 40 wgwbU

1. cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki ˆewkó¨ I MVb m¤ú‡K© mswÿß aviYv w`b| (mnvqK Z_¨: 1)
2. cvV¨cy¯ÍK ch©v‡jvPbvi †ÿÎ m¤ú‡K© wb‡`©kbv w`b| (mnvqK Z_¨: 2)
3. ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vc‡bi bgybv KvVv‡gv ev QK e¨vL¨v Kiæb| (QK: 1)
4. cÖwkÿYv_x©‡`i 5Uv `‡j fvM Kiæb|
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Rb¨ GKUv †kÖwY wba©viY K‡i cvV¨eB Ges Avek¨Kxq wkÿvµg mieivn Kiæb|
QK 2.3 Gi Av‡jv‡K `jxq KvR m¤úbœ Ki‡Z ejyb|
6. ˆ`ePq‡bi gva¨‡g GKwU/`ywU `j‡K `jxq KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
7. `jxq Dc¯’vcbv‡Z cvV¨eB‡q wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb, wkÿY weÁv‡bi cÖwZdjb, Rxeb AwfÁZvi
gva¨‡g MwY‡Zi aviYv Dc¯’vcb, MwY‡Zi †Ljv BZ¨vw` welq wbwðZ Ki‡Z ejyb|
8. cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`‡q Av‡jvPbv †kl Kiæb|

bgybv QK: 1 cvV¨cy¯ÍK m¤úwK©Z `jxq ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb

†kÖwY: welq: cvV¨m~wP‡Z †gvU welqe¯‘: wU

†ÿÎ †ÿÎwfwËK `jxq gZvgZ (ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb)

wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv I we‡eP¨ welq
cÖwkÿYv_©xi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv, KvR I we‡eP¨ welq
MvwYwZK aviYvi avivevwnKZv
wkÿvµ‡gi cÖwZdjb
Abykxj‡bi my‡hvM
MwY‡Zi †Ljv
†hŠw³K wPšÍvi e¨envi

9
Ask M: MwYZ wkÿK mnvwqKv ch©v‡jvPbv 25 wgwbU
1. ÔcvV cwiKíbv I cÖ¯‘wZi mnvqK DcKiY wn‡m‡e GKRb wkÿK Kx e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib?Õ
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv ïiæ Kiæb|
2. cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb I wkÿ‡Ki cvV cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z mnvqK DcKiY wn‡m‡e wkÿK mnvwqKvi
Dc‡hvwMZv Zz‡j aiæb|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Av‡Mi `‡j _vK‡Z ejyb|
4. wkÿK mnvwqKv ch©v‡jvPbvi bgybv QK e¨vL¨v Kiæb| (QK 2)
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j †kÖwYwfwËK cvV¨cy¯ÍK I mnvwqKv mieivn Kiæb| (ch©v‡jvPbvi †ÿ‡Î
cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wkÿK mnvwqKvi f~wgKv AšÍf©y³ ivL‡Z ejyb)
6. `jxq KvR †k‡l GKUv `j‡K Dc¯’vcbvi my‡hvM w`b| evwK `j‡K ïay ¯^Zš¿ gZvgZ
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
7. cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b w`b Ges Av‡jvPbv mgvß Kiæb|

bgybv QK: 2 wkÿK mnvwqKv m¤úwK©Z `jxq ch©v‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb

†kÖwY: welq: welq¯‘i msL¨v:

†ÿÎ †ÿÎwfwËK `jxq gZvgZ (ms‡ÿ‡c wjLyb)

cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki m‡½ wgj
cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki m‡½ cv_©K¨
wkÿK mnvwqKvi ˆewkó¨
wkÿK mnvwqKvi e¨envi
wkÿK mnvwqKvi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
wkÿK mnvwqKvi mxgve×Zv

Ask-N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 5 wgwbU

1. wb‡Pi cÖkœ I DËi wb‡q cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv †k‡l Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY Kiæb|
 wkÿ‡Ki Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki ch©v‡jvPbv, wkÿvµ‡gi aviYv I Dcjwä wkÿ‡Ki †Kb cÖ‡qvRb?
 c~e©eZ©x †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK m¤ú‡K© wkÿ‡Ki aviYv _vKv cÖ‡qvRb?

10
 mnvqK Z_¨ cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki welqe¯‘ I wkÿK mnvwqKv
02 ch©v‡jvPbv Ges e¨envi
mnvqK Z_¨ 2.1: cvV¨cy¯ÍK
 wba©vwiZ wk¶vµg ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨
 wk¶K Avi wk¶v_©x‡`i e¨env‡ii Rb¨
 wkÿv‡cvKiY wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ
 wkÿK-cÖwkÿYv_©xi Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv
 we‡klÁ‡`i Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z
 wkÿvweÁv‡bi aviYv †_‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i eqm, wPšÍvi ¯Íi Avi welqe¯‘ we‡ePbvq wb‡q iwPZ
 Ávb, aviYv Avi Z‡_¨i wbf©i‡hvM¨ Drm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
 wba©vwiZ †kÖwYi Rb¨ mymsMwVZ I c~Y©v½ cvV¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
 cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i DrmvwnZ I DØy× K‡i Ggb Qwe, KvR Avi welqe¯‘ Øviv mvRv‡bv
 wkÿ‡Ki Kv‡Ri mnvqK Ges wb‡`©kK

evwn¨K KvVv‡gv:
 cÖwkÿYv_©xi Rb¨ e¨envi Dc‡hvMx
 gy`ªY I e¨vKiY
 mnRcvV¨ gy`ªY (eY©, jvBb, eW©vi)
 mnRjf¨ I myjf
 bv›`wbK cÖ”Q`
 fvj gv‡bi KvMR
GKv‡WwgK I Af¨šÍixY w`K:
 mnR fvlv, ch©vß Z_¨, wPÎ I Qwe
 my¯úó D`vniY
 c~Y©v½ cvV¨µ‡gi wfwˇZ iwPZ
 Ab¨ cv‡Vi m‡½ mgwš^Z
 cÖwkÿYv_©xi eqm I †kÖwY Dc‡hvMx kã Ges evK¨web¨vm
 cÖwZwU cv‡V cÖwkÿYv_©xi Rb¨ Dchy³ KvR _v‡K hv cÖwkÿYv_©xi Ávb AR©‡bi wfwË n‡q I‡V
welqÁv‡bi m‡½ mswkøó Ges cvV`v‡bi Dchy&³

11
 Awa‡ekb: 03 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g DcKiY
wkLbdj:
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV`v‡b DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wkLbdj AR©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨envi Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, `jMZ Dc¯’vcb, Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: 2q †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi, wba©vwiZ QK, MwYZ wk¶vµg-
2021|
Ask K: MwYZ cvV`v‡b DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘ZKiY 20 wgwbU
1. ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg Zz‡j aiæb|
2. MwYZ cvV`v‡bi Kx ai‡bi wkÿv DcKiY e¨eüZ nq Zv gvBÛ g¨vwcs-Gi gva¨‡g Zz‡j Avbyb|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 5wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖwZ `j‡K 2q †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯‘‡Ki †gvU Aa¨v‡qi GK
cÂgvsk wb‡q KvR Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. cÖ`Ë As‡k Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z ejyb| 2q †kÖwYi
cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb|
5. KvRwU m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b| `jMZ KvR †k‡l Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb|
6. cÖ‡qvR‡b cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK mnvwqKv, wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
7. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q KvRwU †kl Kiæb|

Ask L: wkLbdj AR©‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨envi Abykxjb 65 wgwbU

1. wØZxq Kv‡R ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡q Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvgwU †ev‡W© wjLyb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wZbwU `‡j fvM Kiæb|
3. cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zvi wba©vwiZ As‡ki †h †Kv‡bv GKwU cv‡Vi Ici wkÿK mnvwqKvi Av‡jv‡K
DcKiY wbe©vPb, DcKiY ˆZwi I DcKiY e¨env‡ii †KŠkj †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb Ges
cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb| `jMZ KvR †kl Ki‡Z 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|
4. cÖ¯‘wZ †k‡l `jMZ KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji 2wU KvR Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ 15 wgwbU
K‡i mgq w`b|
5. Dc¯’vcb †k‡l MwYZ cvV`v‡b DcKi‡Yi Kvh©Ki e¨envi Abykxjb wb‡q aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
6. cÖ‡qvRbxq wdWe¨vK w`‡q †kl Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ekb mvims‡ÿcKiY 5 wgwbU

1. wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡kœvˇi cybtAv‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

12
 Awa‡ekb: 04 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj

wkLbdj:
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bvi wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb I cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvB‡µv-wUwPs, †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv, †nvqvBU †evW©, gvK©vi, mnvqK Z_¨|
Ask-K: MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bvi wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj 25 wgwbU
1. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i m‡½ mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|
2. AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wb‡Pi auvavwUi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ`k©b Kiæb|
1 4 9 16 25 ?
1 8 27 64 125 ?
hviv cvi‡eb Zv‡`i ab¨ev` w`b Ges Ab¨‡`i Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiæb (DËi: 36/216)
3. wkLbdj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ K‡i Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
4. cÖkœ Kiæb
 c×wZ I †KŠkj ej‡Z Kx eywS?
 wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq mvaviYZ Kx Kx c×wZ I †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv nq?
 cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ †kÖwY‡Z ÔcÖv_wgK MwYZÕ wel‡q cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿKe„›` mvaviYZ
†Kvb c×wZ I †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i _v‡Kb?
mevi mwµq AskMÖn‡Y wkÿK‡`i e¨eüZ c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji GKwU ZvwjKv †ev‡W© wjwce× Kiæb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|
†Kv‡bv cv‡Vi wba©vwiZ wkLbdj I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡bi j‡ÿ¨ †kÖwYi wkLb-†kLv‡bv KvR my›`i I myôyfv‡e
cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ mvgwMÖKfv‡e †h cÖavb Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv nq ZvB n‡jv c×wZ| †KŠkj n‡jv GKwU
c×wZ‡K mv_©Kfv‡e cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi Kg©KvÐ| Z‡e †ÿÎwe‡k‡l Ôc×wZÕ †KŠkj wn‡m‡e Avevi
Ô†KŠkjÕ c×wZ wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
5. ÔcÖv_wgK MwYZÕ wel‡qi GKwU cvV wbw`©ó K‡i w`‡q Av‡M †_‡K wba©vwiZ GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K
cvVwU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb|
cvV‡k‡l AskMÖnYKvix‡`i D‡Ïk K‡i wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb|
 ‡Kv‡bv c×wZ‡Z cvVwU Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 Kx Kx †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q?
 G cvVwU Avi Kx Kx c×wZ‡Z †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i?
 G cvVwU wb‡Z me‡P‡q Kvh©Kix c×wZ †KvbwU?

13
 6. c~‡e© cÖYqbK…Z ÔcÖv_wgK MwYZÕ wel‡qi wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji GKwU PvU© gvwëwgwWqvi
gva¨‡g Dc¯’vcb Kiæb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i PvU©wU co‡Z ejyb|
MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bvi wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj
Av‡ivnx c×wZ, Ae‡ivnx c×wZ, Avwe®‹vi c×wZ, mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ, ‡eªBb ÷wg©s, hvwš¿K I †hŠw³K
Abyaveb c×wZ, †Ljvi gva¨‡g MwYZ wkLb, MvwYwZK auvav, cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ, cÖ‡R± c×wZ BZ¨vw`
7. Av‡M cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i KvQ †_‡K ï‡b †ev‡W©†jLv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji m‡½ Dc¯’vwcZ PvU©wU Zzjbv
Ki‡Z ej‡eb Ges Pv‡U© DwjøwLZ bZzb c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji bvg AskMÖnYKvix‡`i wbR wbR LvZvq
wjL‡Z ejyb| mnvqK Z_¨ 4.1 mnvqZvq cÖ‡R±‡i Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g MwYZ wel‡qi wewfbœ wkLb-
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠk‡ji aviYv ¯úó Kiæb|
8. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i D‡Ï‡k ejyb- ÔGKRb wkÿ‡Ki cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡jv †h †Kv‡bv cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi
me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx/Kvh©Ki c×wZ I †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv| GKB cvV Dc¯’vc‡b GKvwaK c×wZ I
†KŠkj e¨envi Kiv hvq| c×wZ KLbI †KŠkj wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi GKB c×wZi
AvIZvq wewfbœ †KŠkj e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡iÕ| cy‡iv welqwU mnR D`vniY w`‡q eywS‡q w`b|

Ask-L: MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM 60 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i GKRb‡K Avb›``vqK †Kv‡bv †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i 5wU `j MVb Ki‡Z ejyb|
wb‡P DwjøwLZ 5wU wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZi bvg cuvP UzKiv c„_K KvM‡R wj‡L fvuR K‡i †Uwe‡ji
Ici ivLyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡bZv‡K GKwU K‡i fvuR Kiv KvMR MÖnY Ki‡Z ejyb| `j‡bZv †h
KvMRwU MÖnY Ki‡eb Zv‡Z †h c×wZi bvg †jLv Zv †mB `‡ji bvg n‡e Ges Zviv †mB c×wZ
wb‡qB cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb|
`j-1: †Ljvi gva¨‡g MwYZ wkLb (cÖ_g †kÖwY)
`j-2: mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ (wØZxq †kÖwY)
`j-3: Av‡ivnx c×wZ (Z…Zxq †kÖwY)
`j-4: Ae‡ivnx c×wZ (PZz_© †kÖwY)
`j-5: Avwe®‹vi c×wZ (cÂg †kÖwY)
2. cÖwZwU `j‡K wba©vwiZ c×wZ‡Z cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ mswkøó †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK-mnvwqKv †_‡K
GKwU welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb| c‡i wba©vwiZ c×wZ Aej¤^‡b cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU mswÿß
cvV-cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i Micro Teaching †KŠk‡j Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|
3. `jxq KvR †kl nIqvi ci cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K GKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K ch©vqµ‡g cvV Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z w`b| K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| GK`‡ji KvR
Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j Ab¨ `‡ji m`m¨‡`i gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Z ejyb- we‡kl K‡i Dc¯’vwcZ c×wZ
I †KŠkj wVK Av‡Q wKbv mevB‡K wR‡Ám Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i gZvgZ wbb|
4. cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ekb mvims‡ÿcKiY 5 wgwbU

1. cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
14
2. GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i aviYv mg„× n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K
†R‡b wbb| we‡kl K‡i MwY‡Zi c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv †c‡q‡Qb wK bv Zv
wbwðZ nb|
3. †Kv‡bv aviYv A¯úó _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ¯úó K‡i w`b|
4. mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Kiæb|

15
 mnvqK Z_¨ 04 cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿY c×wZ I †KŠkj

Ask-K: 4.1 MwYZ wel‡qi wewfbœ wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj

Av‡ivnx c×wZ (Inductive Method):

†h c×wZ‡Z D`vniY, ch©‡eÿY I we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g m~Î ev msÁv MVb Kiv nq Zv n‡jv Av‡ivnx c×wZ|
Av‡ivnx c×wZ Bs‡iwR n‡jv Inductive Method| Rvbv †_‡K ARvbv, g~Z© †_‡K weg~Z©, mnR †_‡K
KwVb, we‡kl †_‡K mvaviY m‡Z¨ DcbxZ nIqv, D`vniY †_‡K m~Î MVb Kiv‡K Av‡ivnx c×wZ e‡j|
KZ¸‡jv D`vniY fv‡jvfv‡e cixÿv K‡i †m¸‡jv †_‡K hw` hyw³i mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv mvaviY wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ
nIqv hvq ev m~Î MVb Kiv hvq Z‡eB Av‡ivnx c×wZ Kvh©Ki nq| Av‡ivnx c×wZi g~j K_v n‡jv ÔD`vniY
†_‡K m~ÎÕ| cÖwkÿYv_©xi mvg‡b KZ¸‡jv D`vniY Zz‡j ai‡j Zviv †m¸‡jv‡K wePvi we‡kølY K‡i wbR¯^
wPšÍv I hyw³-web¨vm ÿgZv Øviv ¯^vfvweK c‡_ m~Î ev wm×v‡šÍ †cuŠQ‡e|
Av‡ivnx c×wZi ˆewkó¨
 Av‡ivnx c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xiv GKw`‡K †hgb wbw®Œq †kÖvZv n‡q e‡m _v‡K bv, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgb
eywׇK Kv‡R jvwM‡q GKwU bZzb ZË¡ I Z_¨ D˜NvU‡bi Avb›` jvf K‡i|
 †Kv‡bv mve©Rbxb mZ¨ ev mvaviY m~Î wbY©‡qi Rb¨ KZK¸‡jv we‡kl `„óv‡šÍi mnvqZvq Zvi mZ¨Zv
hvPvB Kiv nq|
 Av‡ivnx c×wZ Abygvb cixÿv cÖm~Z|
 Av‡ivnx c×wZ‡Z cÖvß mvaviY wm×všÍ‡K memgq P‚ovšÍ e‡j a‡i †bqv hvq bv| Z‡e †m¸‡jv mwVK
nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk|
 MvwYwZK †ÿ‡Î Av‡ivnx c×wZ we‡klfv‡e Kvh©Ki, †Kbbv MwY‡Zi cÖv_wgK iƒcB n‡jv Av‡ivnx&|
e¨vKiY †kLv‡bvi †ÿ‡ÎI Av‡ivnx c×wZ LyeB Dc‡hvMx|
 Av‡ivnx c×wZ GKwU g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Z c×wZ|

Ae‡ivnx c×wZ (Deductive Method):

Ae‡ivnx c×wZ Bs‡iwR n‡jv Deductive Method| †Kv‡bv wee„wZ †_‡K †mwUi g~j e³‡e¨ †cuŠQvi
Rb¨ M„nxZ cÖwµqv‡K Ae‡ivnx c×wZ bv‡g MY¨ Kiv nq| Ae‡ivnx c×wZ Av‡ivnx c×wZi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ|
†Kv‡bv m~Î cÖ‡qvM K‡i †h mZ¨ cvIqv hvq Zv wba©viY KivB Ae‡ivnx c×wZ| †h c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU
mvaviY Z_¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i ev cÖwZwôZ †Kv‡bv mZ¨ ev m~·K wfwË K‡i bZzb †Kv‡bv mZ¨Zv cÖgvY Kiv
nq Zv‡K Ae‡ivnx c×wZ e‡j| Aí K_vq ejv hvq, weg~Z© †_‡K g~Z© Z‡_¨ DcbxZ nIqvi c×wZ Ae‡ivnx
c×wZ bv‡g L¨vZ|
GB c×wZ‡Z Ôm~Î †_‡K D`vni‡YÕ hvIqv hvq e‡j MwY‡Zi †Kv‡bv m~·K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mvg‡b Zz‡j
ai‡j Zviv Zv AvqË K‡i, Zvici †mwU‡K wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ D`vniY I `„óv‡šÍi g‡a¨ cÖ‡qvM K‡i ev
wewfbœ mgm¨v mgvav‡b Zvi wbfz©jZv wbY©q Ki‡Z cv‡i|

16
Ae‡ivnx c×wZi ˆewkó¨
 Ae‡ivnx c×wZ wVK Av‡ivnx c×wZi wecixZ c×wZ|
 Ae‡ivnx c×wZi wm×všÍ e¨vKiY kv¯¿ m¤§Z|
 Ae‡ivnx c×wZ‡Z mvaviY mZ¨ †_‡K we‡kl m‡Z¨ DcwbZ nIqv hvq|
 Ae‡ivnx c×wZi mZ¨ Av‡ivnx c×wZ‡Z wbiƒwcZ nq|
 Ae‡ivnx c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î A‡bK D`vniY ev `„óvšÍ e¨vL¨v ev we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq|
 e¨envwiK †ÿ‡Î fvlv e¨envi I fvlv e¨env‡ii `ÿZv e„w×i w`K †_‡K Ae‡ivnx c×wZ LyeB
¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY fvlvi †ÿ‡Î h_vh_fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Qvov wbQK e¨vKiY-Ávb Abvek¨K|

Avwe®‹vi c×wZ (Heuristic Method)

Avwe®‹vi c×wZ ev Heuristic Method-Gi D™¢veK †nbwi GWIqvW© Avg©÷ªs| wZwb 1848 mv‡ji 6 †g
Bsj¨v‡Û Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Avwe®‹vi c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j Zv Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M Avwe®‹vi K_vwU A_© e¨vL¨v Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb| Avwe®‹vi ev Heuristic K_vwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK kã †_‡K| kãwUi A_© n‡jv Avwg Avwe®‹vi Kwi (I
find out)| GB K_vwUi g‡a¨B Avwe®‹vi c×wZi A_© wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b cÖwkÿYv_©x wb‡R Avwe®‹vvi
K‡i e‡jB GB c×wZ‡K Avwe®‹vi c×wZ ejv n‡q‡Q|

Avwe®‹vi c×wZi ˆewkó¨

GB c×wZi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K †Kv‡bv wKQz e‡j †`Iqv n‡e bv, †m wb‡R Zvi cÖ¯‘wZ I AvMÖn
Abyhvqx mgm¨v wbe©vPb Ki‡e I Zvi mgvavb Ki‡e| ZvB e‡j wkÿKI wbw®Œq n‡q e‡m _vK‡eb bv| wZwb
AZ¨šÍ `ÿZvi m‡½ †kÖwYK‡ÿ Ggb GKwU mnvqK cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡eb hv‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xiv wb‡RivB
¯^Z:ù~Z©fv‡e cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb Ki‡e, Zvi mgvav‡bi c_ Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ n‡e, Dchy³
wbqg I m~Î e¨envi K‡i mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î mnvqK cwi‡ek ej‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½
wkÿ‡Ki eÜzmyjf e¨envi †_‡K ïiæ K‡i, eBcÎ I hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw`-MwYZ wkÿvq cÖ‡qvRbxq mewKQz
mieivn Kiv‡K †evSvq| ïay mnvqK cwi‡ek m„wó K‡i wZwb ÿvšÍ n‡eb bv| †kÖwYK‡ÿi wkÿv`vb I
wkÿvR©‡bi Kv‡Ri cy‡iv `vwq‡Z¡ wZwb _vK‡eb, cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k†`‡eb Ges †QvU †QvU
cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i Ávb jv‡fi mwVK c‡_ GwM‡q †h‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡eb| e¯‘Z GB c×wZ‡Z QvÎ-wkÿK
Df‡q Ávbjv‡fi Kv‡h© cy‡ivcywi mwµq _vK‡e| †KD wbw¯Œq _vK‡e bv|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, GB c×wZ c„_K †Kv‡bv c×wZ bq| GB GKwU ev¯ÍegyLx †KŠkj Ges GB †KŠkj me
c×wZi gv‡SB _vK‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b cÖwkÿYv_©xiv wb‡Riv Avwe®‹vi K‡i e‡jB GB c×wZ‡K Avwe®‹vi
c×wZ ejv n‡”Q| e¯‘Z †h †Kv‡bv Kvh©Ki c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xiv wb‡Riv Avwe®‹vi K‡i e‡jB GB c×wZ‡K
Avwe®‹vi c×wZ ejv n‡”Q | †h Kvh©Ki c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡R‡`i mgvavb Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z †`Iqv
nq| Z‡e Zdvr n‡”Q GB †h GB c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Øviv Avwe®‹v‡ii Ici ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv nq| Ab¨
c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xiv GKUz AvaUz Avwe®‹vi Ki‡ZI cv‡i Avi bvI cv‡i wKš‘ GB c×wZ‡Z Zv‡K
Avwe®‹v‡ii Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡ZB n‡e, Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ nvB‡cv‡_wmm

17
wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi mZ¨Zv wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ cwiKíbv Abyhvqx AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e cÖwkÿYv_©x
g~Z© Z_¨ n‡Z weg~Z© Ávbjvf Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e|
GB c×wZ †ek mgq mv‡cÿ e‡j eZ©gv‡b GB c×wZi wKQzUv ms‡kvab K‡i wb‡`©k Abymv‡i Avwe®‹vi
c×wZ (Guided Discovery) AbymiY Kiv nq|

mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ (Problem Solving Method):

cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g GB c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡”Q| wMÖK `vk©wbK m‡µwUm (wLª÷c~e©
470-399) wkÿ‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_‡g GKwU mgm¨v ˆZwi Ki‡Zb; c‡i mgm¨vwUi ev¯ÍewfwËK mgvav‡bi Rb¨
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Drmvn w`‡Zb| bxwZMZfv‡e m‡µwUm GB c×wZi cÖe³v n‡jI gvwK©b `vk©wbK Rb wWDB
Zvi cÖ‡qvMev`x `k©‡bi wfwˇZ GB c×wZ‡K GKwU cwiYZ iƒc †`b| Kv‡RB Rb wWDB mgm¨v mgvavb
c×wZi cÖeZ©K|
Rb wWDB 1859 mv‡ji 20 A‡±vei Av‡gwiKvi evwj©sUb bvgK GKwU †QvU kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Pvi
fvB‡qi g‡a¨ wWDB wQ‡jb Z„Zxq| †QvU‡ejv wkÿvi cÖwZ Zvi AbyivM wQj| wZwb Av‡gwiKvi fvg©b
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K ¯œvZK Ges ncwKbm& wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K wcGBPwW wWwMÖ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb wkKv‡Mv I
Kjw¤^qv wek¦we`¨vj‡q Aa¨vcbv K‡ib Ges wewfbœ †`‡k Avgwš¿Z e³v wn‡m‡e e³…Zv †`b| wZwb wQ‡jb
D”P ch©v‡qi †jLK| wkÿv‡ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvMev‡`i cÖe³v Rb wWDB we‡k¦i GKRb †kÖô wkÿv `vk©wbK wn‡m‡e
L¨vwZgvb|
Rb wWDB g‡b Ki‡Zb wkÿv e¨w³i †mme ¸‡Yi weKvk mvab Ki‡e, hv Øviv e¨w³ Zvi cwi‡e‡ki m‡½
mv_©K Awf‡hvRb Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges mgvR Rxe‡bi `vwqZ¡ mv_©Kfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z mÿg n‡e| wkÿvi
jÿ¨ n‡jv cÖwkÿYv_©xi me©v½xb weKvk mva‡bi gva¨‡g ev¯ÍeRxe‡bi Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o †Zvjv| Rb wWDB
Gi g‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xi AvMÖn I cÖeYZvi wfwˇZ mgm¨v wbe©vPb Ki‡e, hLbB †m G ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¯§yLxb
n‡e ZLbB eyw×gËv w`‡q Zv mgvav‡bi †Póv Ki‡e| GB mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †m Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡e Ges Zv
e¨envi K‡i mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡e| Gfv‡e AwR©Z Ávb cÖwkÿYv_©x Zvi ev¯ÍeRxe‡bi Ab¨vb¨ †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡e|
†kÖwYK‡ÿ cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ n‡jv Ggb GKwU c×wZ, †h c×wZ‡Z wkÿK welq msµvšÍ
mgm¨v †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯’vcb Ki‡eb Ges mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Drmvn †`‡eb| cÖwkÿYv_©xiv
mgm¨vi mwVK mgvavb †ei Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡`i mvg_©¨ Abyhvqx †Pó Ki‡e| wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g GB
c×wZ Ab¨vb¨ c×wZi g‡ZvB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges Kvh©Ki| MwYZ †kÖwY‡Z cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ GB c×wZ AZ¨šÍ
Kvh©Ki c×wZ|
G c×wZ‡Z mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †ÿ‡Î c¯Íi (UPTCE) KvVv‡gvwU wb¤œi~c:
1. Dcjwä (Understand): Kx †`Iqv Av‡Q? Kx †ei Ki‡Z n‡e?
2. cwiKíbv (Planning): Kx Ki‡Z cvwi? wKfv‡e Ki‡Z cvwi?
3. cÖ‡Póv (Trying): cwiKíbv Abymv‡i KvR Kwi|
4. hvPvB (Check): Avwg wK mwVK DËi †c‡qwQ? DËiwU wK A_©en n‡q‡Q?
5. m¤úªmviY (Extend): Avwg Kx wkLjvg? weKí †Kv‡bv Dcvq Av‡Q wK?

18
mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZi ˆewkó¨
 cÖwkÿYv_©xi wPšÍb-`ÿZv weKv‡ki †ÿÎ ˆZwi nq|
 welqe¯‘i KvwVb¨ Abyhvqx GKK, †Rvov ev `jxqfv‡e mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv hvq|
 cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ˆeÁvwbK `„wófw½ I D™¢vebxg~jK `ÿZvi weKvk mva‡b mnvqK|
 cÖwkÿYv_©xiv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AvcÖvY †Póv K‡i|
 cÖwkÿYv_©xiv GKwU mgm¨v‡K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mgm¨vq we‡kølY K‡i mgvavb †LuvRvi †Póv K‡i| d‡j
we‡kølY ÿgZvi weKvk N‡U|
 cÖwkÿYv_©xiv cixÿY, ch©‡eÿY, Z_¨-msMÖn, Z_¨-e¨envi Ges g~j¨vqb `ÿZv weKv‡ki mnvqK|

†eªBb ÷wg©s (Brain Storming)

wkÿY-wkLb †ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU DrK…ó †KŠkj n‡jv †eªBb ÷wg©s ev gv_v
LvUv‡bv| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K GKwU mgm¨v w`‡q Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv K‡i mgvav‡bi Rb¨ DØy× Kiv nq|
cÖwkÿYv_©x GKK ev `jxq †hfv‡eB KvR KiæK bv †Kb Zvi wPšÍvi cÖKvk mgm¨v mgvav‡b f‚wgKv ivL‡e|
cÖwkÿYv_©xi wPšÍv Kivi GB cÖwµqv‡K †eªBb ÷wg©s ev gv_v LvUv‡bv e‡j| MwYZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq
GB c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki I djcÖm~|

†eªBb ÷wg©s †KŠk‡ji ˆewkó¨

 welqe¯‘ wb‡q cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K GKvKx Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv Ki‡Z nq|
 wPšÍv K‡i †h djvdj Av‡m Zv wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ LvZvq wjL‡Z nq|
 cÖwkÿYv_©xiv cv‡V g‡bv‡hvMx I mwµq _v‡K|
 

 Dc¯’vwcZ Z‡_¨ ˆewPΨ cwijwÿZ nq|

 ci¯úi gZ wewbg‡qi my‡hvM †bB|

†eªBb ÷wg©s †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi Dcvq

 wkÿv_©xiv wPšÍv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb GKwU mgm¨v wba©viY Kiv|
 wPšÍvi cÖKvk †jLvi Rb¨ mgq wba©viY K‡i †`qv|
 Dc¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM K‡i †`qv|
 g~j¨vqb I ms‡kvab|

cÖKí c×wZ (Project Method)

19
cÖKí c×wZi cÖe³v DBwjqvg nvW© wKjc¨vwUªK (William Heard Kilpatrick) 1871 mv‡ji 20
b‡f¤^i RwR©qv‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †QvU‡ejv †_‡KB wZwb Lye †gavex wQ‡jb| gvÎ GKzk eQi eq‡m wZwb
wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K MÖvRy‡qkb I GgG wWwMÖ AR©b Ki‡b| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b wZwb cÖ_gZ we`¨vj‡q c‡i wewfbœ
wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv K‡ib| G mg‡q wZwb wkÿv wel‡q M‡elYv K‡ib Ges wewfbœ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib|
1965 mv‡ji 13 †deªæqvwi 93 eQi eq‡m wbDBqK© kn‡i wZwb g„Z¨z eiY K‡ib|
wek¦L¨vZ `vk©wbK Rb wWDB-Gi cÖ‡qvMev` wkÿv`k©b‡K wfwË K‡iB wKjc¨vwUªK Gi cÖKí c×wZ cÖewZ©Z|
cÖ‡qvMev‡`i Bs‡iwR Pragmatism kãwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK kã Pragmatics n‡Z| Pragmatics k‡ãi
AvwfavwbK A_© Kvh©ÿgZv ev Dc‡hvwMZv| Rb wWDB-Gi g‡Z Rxe‡bi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
ga¨ w`‡q cÖwkÿYv_©xiv Ávb AR©b K‡i| Kv‡RB cÖwkÿYv_©xi Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Zvi AvMÖn,
cÖeYZv I gvbwmK ÿgZvi Dc‡hvMx mgm¨v Ges mwµqZv|

cÖKí c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xi wkLb nq Zvi Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g| `vk©wbK w`K †_‡K Rb wWDB-Gi cÖewZ©Z
mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ mwµqZv Z‡Ë¡i wfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ n‡jI DBwjqvg nvW© wKjc¨vwUªK 1818 mv‡j cÖKí
c×wZi ev¯Íe iƒc cÖ`vb K‡ib|
cÖKí ej‡Z wZwb †Kv‡bv D‡Ïk¨g~jK KvR‡K eywS‡q‡Qb, hv GKwU mgv‡Ri cwi‡e‡ki g‡a¨ AvšÍwiKZvi
m‡½ m¤úbœ Kiv nq| (ÔA whole hearted Purposeful activity proceeding in a social
environmentÕ) GB c×wZ‡Z _b©WvB‡Ki cÖ‡Póv I fyj ms‡kvab †KŠkj‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq|
Kv‡RB c×wZwU g‡bvweÁvbm¤§Z| cÖKí c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡M PviwU ¯Íi AbymiY Ki‡Z nq -
1. D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose) 2. cwiKíbv (Planning) 3. Kvh©m¤úv`b (Exccution) 4. g~j¨vqb
(Evalution)
wb‡P G ¯Íi¸‡jvi mswÿß Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv
1. D‡Ïk¨ (Purpose): GK ev GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡q cÖKí wba©viY Kiv nq| GB ¯Í‡i
wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq cÖ_‡gB cÖwkÿYv_©xiv GKwU KvR ev cÖKí w¯’i K‡i| KvRwU Ki‡j Zv‡`i
wK D‡Ïk¨ AR©b n‡e ZvI wba©viY K‡i|
2. cwiKíbv (Planning): G ¯Í‡i wkÿ‡Ki mn‡hvwMZvq cÖwkÿYv_©xiv GKwU Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv ˆZwi
K‡i| cÖKíwUi ev¯Íevqb cÖwµqvi avivevwnK Kvh©µg GB ¯Í‡i wbaviY Kiv nq|
3. Kvh©m¤úv`b (Exccution): G ¯Í‡i cÖwkÿYv_©xiv Zv‡`i Kg©cwiKíbv Abymv‡i Kg© m¤úv`b K‡i|
wkÿK cv‡k †_‡K cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv K‡ib| Kvh© m¤úv`b ¯ÍiB cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cÖKí ev¯Íevqb ¯Íi|
4. g~j¨vqb (Evalution): G ¯Í‡i †h D‡Ï‡k¨i wfwˇZ cÖKíwU MÖnY Kiv n‡qwQj Zv AwR©Z n‡q‡Q
wKbv, Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv nq| Kvh©m¤úv`b Kivi mgq D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b wK wK Amyweav n‡jv Zv GB
¯Í‡i Rvbv hvq|
cÖKí c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©xiv ¯^vaxbfv‡e Rxeb-Nwbô mgm¨v wb‡Ri kvixwiK I gvbwmK kw³
e¨envi K‡i AvcÖvY †Póvi Øviv Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i| d‡j cÖwkÿYv_©xiv cÖK…Z Ávb I AwfÁZv
AR©‡bi my‡hvM cvq| GB c×wZ‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZv, kÖ×v‡eva, `‡ji
cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U|

20
cÖKí c×wZi ˆewkó¨
 Rxeb-Nwbô mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mnvqK|
 cvV¨ wel‡qi m‡½ mvgvwRK I cÖK…wZK cwi‡e‡ki ev¯Íe Dcv`v‡bi mgš^q mvab K‡i|
 cÖwkÿYv_©x Zvi mgMÖ wPšÍv I Kg©`ÿZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvq|
 mwµqZv G c×wZi cÖavb ˆewkó¨| cÖKí cÖYqb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i djvdj hvPvB ch©šÍ cÖwZwU av‡cB
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K mwµq _vK‡Z nq|
 G c×wZ cÖwkÿYv_©xi g‡a¨ cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZv, kÖ×v‡eva, `‡ji cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ BZ¨vw`i
mvgvwRK ¸Yvewji weKvk mvab K‡i|

cÖKí c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †KŠkj

 †kÖwYi cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨K `‡j wef³KiY|
 `‡ji m‡½ Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ cÖKí wbe©vPb|
 cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ wbi~cY|
 cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi Dc‡hvMx Kvh©-m¤úv`b cwiKíbv cÖYqb|
 cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb|
 cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR Kivi Rb¨ Drmvn cÖ`vb|
 wkÿK KZ©„K m¤úvw`Z Kv‡Ri djvdj g~j¨vqb|
 cÖK‡íi D‡Ïk¨ hvPvB|

21
 Awa‡ekb: 05 msL¨v I MYbv
wkLbdj
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. msL¨v, A¼, ¯’vbxq gvb I ¯^Kxqgv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. msL¨v I ¯’vbxq gvb cvV`v‡b mwVK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq: 1:30 NÈv

c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi, wba©vwiZ QK, MwYZ wk¶vµg|

Ask-K: msL¨v I A‡¼i aviYv 25 wgwbU

1. mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. A‡¼i avuavwU w`‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mgvavb Ki‡Z ejyb| 2 wgwbU mgq w`‡q mevi DËi wgwj‡q
wbb|
`yB A‡¼i GKUv msL¨vi A¼Øq ¯’vb e`j Ki‡j †h msL¨v cvIqv hvq- Zv `yBwU msL¨vi we‡qvMdj 36
Gi mgvb| G †ÿ‡Î A¼ `ywUi g‡a¨ e¨eavb KZ?
K. 3 L. 4 M. 9 N. wba©viY Kiv hvq bv O. †Kv‡bvwUB bq

cÖkœ Kiæb GB avuav‡Z †Kv‡bv msL¨v I A¼ cvIqv †Mj? DËi wbb Ges mswÿß e¨vL¨v w`b
(DËi: msL¨vwU `yBwU 73 I 37, A¼Ø‡qi cv_©K¨ 4)
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb|
K). wkïiv mvaviYZ KLb MYbv †kLv ïiæ K‡i?
- cÖvK-cÖv_wgK †kÖwY‡Z? cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z? we`¨vj‡q Avmvi Av‡M?
L). msL¨v †jLvi †Kvb c×wZ `kwfwËK?
- †ivgvb msL¨v c×wZ? cÖvPxb wgmixq msL¨v c×wZ? Avie I fviZxq msL¨v c×wZ? Pxbv c×wZ?
M). `kwfwËK msL¨v †jLvi c×wZi myweav Kx?
N). A¼ I msL¨v Kx? A¼ I msL¨v wK GKB?
O). KZ ai‡bi msL¨vi K_v Avgiv Rvwb| Zvi bvg ejyb|
4. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gZvgZ wbb Ges mnvqK Z_¨ 4 Gi Av‡jv‡K cÖkœ¸‡jvi mgvavb Kiæb|

Ask-L: ¯’vbxq I ¯^Kxq gv‡bi aviYv 20 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q ïiæ Kiæb|
2. wb‡Pi Kg©cÎwU gvwëwgwWqvq Dc¯’vcb K‡i wbR wbR LvZvq mgvavb Ki‡Z ejyb|

22
 µwgK MvwYwZK wee„wZ mZ¨/wg_¨v/wjLyb
K. 1971 Ges 1857 msL¨v `ywU‡Z 7-Gi ¯’vbxq gvb †hvM Ki‡j nq 77
GKwU msL¨vq †Kv‡bv A‡¼i ¯’vbxq gvb †mB A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gv‡bi †P‡q Kg
L.
ev †ewk n‡Z cv‡i
M. 3  10000 + 11000 + 0  100 + 710 + 4  1 = 31174
N. `kK ¯’v‡b †Kv‡bv A‡¼i ¯’vbxq gvb I ¯^Kxq gvb wfbœ
1,48,460 G 8 Gi ¯’vbxq gvb Ges 57,320 G 5-Gi ¯^Kxq gvb †hvM
O.
Ki‡j nq 8005
P. GKK ¯’v‡b †Kv‡bv A‡¼i ¯’vbxq gvb I ¯^Kxqgvb wfbœ
Q 365 †Z 6 Gi ¯’vbxq gvb, 2019 G 9-Gi ¯’vbxq gv‡bi †P‡q eo

(DËi: K) mZ¨, L) wg_¨v, M) wg_¨v, N) mZ¨, O) wg_¨v, P) wg_¨v, Q) mZ¨)

3. cuvP wgwbU ci DËi¸‡jv wgwj‡q wb‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
4. mnvqK Z_¨ 4 Gi Av‡jv‡K ¯’vbxq gvb I ¯^Kxq gv‡bi aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb|

Ask-M: msL¨v I ¯’vbxq gvb cvV`v‡b mwVK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM 40 wgwbU
1. b`xi bv‡g 4 `‡j cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i fvM Kiæb|
2. cÖ_g `yB `j‡K Z…Zxq †kÖwYi msL¨v I MYbv n‡Z 2wU cvV Ges †k‡li `yB `j‡K PZz_© †kÖwYi
¯’vbxq gvb †_‡K 2wU cvV wba©viY Kiæb|
3. wkLb wbwðZ Ki‡Z †kÖwY cv‡Vi Rb¨ GKRb wkÿK‡K †h w`K I wel‡qi cÖwZ †Lqvj ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb- cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zvi GKUv ZvwjKv Ki‡Z ejyb?
4. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji Rb¨ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK ms¯‹iY/mnvwqKv Ges wUwPs c¨v‡KR mieivn Kiæb| `jxq
cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 5 wgwbU mgq w`b|
5. 1g `yB `‡ji g‡a¨ 1 `j‡K Ges †k‡li `yB `‡ji ga¨ †_‡K 1 `j‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|
6. cvV‡k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq wdWe¨vK w`‡q KvRwU †kl Kiæb|

Ask-N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. Awa‡ek‡bi wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K cviMZv hvPvB K‡i Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

23
 mnvqK Z_¨ 05 msL¨v I MYbv

Ask-K: msL¨v I MYbv

msL¨v: wkï msL¨v wjL‡Z †kLvi Av‡MB MYbv Ki‡Z wk‡L| wVK †hgb kã wjL‡Z cvivi Av‡MB Zviv
ej‡Z wk‡L| wkïiv we`¨vj‡q Avmvi Av‡MB ey‡S hvq MYbvi Rb¨ Avjv`v wKQy kã Av‡Q| †hgb Zviv
nq‡Zv ej‡Z cv‡i Zv‡`i eqm KZ A_ev Zv‡`i fvB ev †evb KRb A_ev Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cwi‡e‡ki †Kv‡bv
wKQyi msL¨v ej‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Zv‡`i MYbv ev msL¨v ejv fzjI n‡Z cv‡i|
wkïiv bvbv AwfÁZv wb‡q we`¨vj‡q Av‡m| wKš‘ we`¨vj‡qi cÖviw¤¢K eQi¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡`i MvwYwZK `¶Zv
ev Dcjwä e„w× cvq A‡bK †ewk| GgbwK Zviv cÖvK-cÖv_wgK wk¶vq Ask bv wb‡jI cvwievwiK cwi‡e‡k
fvlv I mvgvwRK weKv‡ki m‡½ MYbv I msL¨vi aviYv M‡o I‡V| cÖwkÿYv_©xiv MYbv Avi msL¨vi aviYv
mvaviYZ †c‡q _v‡K †Ljvi gva¨‡g, Mvb ï‡b, Ab¨ wkï ev eo‡`i m‡½ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g, Qwe †`‡L
ev Gu‡K, Qwei ev M‡íi eB †`‡L, Zzjbv K‡i, mgq e‡j, Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b gva¨‡g| ïiæ‡Z Zviv kix‡ii
A½ (‡PvL, bvK, nvZ cv, Kvb, AvOyj) wb‡Ri fv‡Mi dj ev Lvev‡ii msL¨v, wmuwoi avc ¸b‡Z Drmvnx
Avi Avbw›`Z nq| †Kv_vI hvIqvi c‡_ wKQy MYbv A‡bK wkïi GK gRvi Af¨vm|
we`¨vj‡qi ïiæi eQ‡i wkïiv 20 ch©šÍ avivevwnKfv‡e ej‡Z †k‡L|
0-9, `kUv A¼ wjL‡Z †k‡L
K_vq, msL¨vq Ges MYbvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb wZb; 3; nv‡Zi AvOzj; †cqviv

  3  wZb

fvlv Avi MvwYwZK ¯^vÿiZv GK Avewk¨K `ÿZv| eY© w`‡q Avgiv †hgb kã Avi evK¨ †jwL, A¼ w`‡q
msL¨v †jLvi †ÿ‡ÎI Avgv‡`i wbw`©ó c×wZ Av‡Q| wek¦Ry‡o `kwfwËK msL¨v †jLvi c×wZ e¨eüZ nq|
Av‡M we‡k¦i wewfbœ A‡j †ivgvb, wMÖK, Pxbv bvbv msL¨v †jLvi c×wZ e¨eüZ n‡Zv| K‡qK kZvãxRy‡o
Avie Avi fviZ A‡j `kwfwËK msL¨v †jLvi c×wZ weKwkZ nq| Ges GwUB Av`k© c×wZ|
`kwfwËK msL¨v c×wZi myweav n‡jv:
 Aí wKQz aviYvi gva¨‡g G c×wZ‡Z msL¨v †kLv hvq|
 msL¨v cÖwZK ev A¼ 10wU
 msL¨vi †Kv‡bv mxgv †bB
 gvb msL¨vi evB‡i fMœvsk, `kwgK fMœvsk, mgxKi‡Yi g‡Zv D”PZi MvwYwZK mgm¨vi cÖKvk Kiv
hvq|
A¼ I msL¨v
A¼ Ges msL¨v A‡bK †ÿ‡Î weåvwšÍ ˆZwi K‡i| KviY G `ywU Nwbô m¤úK©hy³ Ges cÖvqkB GKUv AciUvi
cwie‡Z© e¨envi Kiv nq|
‡hgb: wkÿK GKUv KvMR w`‡q mygb‡K Zvi evevi †dvb bv¤^vi w`‡Z ejj| †m KvMRUv‡Z wKQz wj‡L
w`‡jv| wkÿK †`‡L ej‡jb †Zvgvi fzj n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b 10Uv msL¨v Av‡Q| †Kv‡bv GKUv msL¨v ev`
c‡o‡Q|

24
A¼: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0 - Gi cÖ‡Z¨KUvB A¼| †hgb: 43 `yB A‡¼i msL¨vUv, 3 Ges 4
A¼ `ywU w`‡q MwVZ| GB `yB A¼ w`‡q Aci msL¨vUv n‡jv 34|
msL¨v: msL¨v n‡jv †Kv‡bv wKQzi GKUv cwigvY| GUv GKUv, `yBUv ev A‡bK A¼ w`‡q †jLv hvq| msL¨v
n‡jv wKQz cÖKvk Ki‡Z avivevwnK GK ev GKvwaK A¼| msL¨v K_vqI †jLv hvq| msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ wewfbœ
cwigvc: †kÖwY †ivj, †dvb b¤^i, b`xi msL¨v, ˆ`N©¨, mgq, ZvwiL, Ae¯’vb, RvZxq cwiPqcÎ b¤^i BZ¨vw`|
†hgb:
21, †ZBk, 3q, Dwbk‡kv evqvbœ, 17 eQi, 69 BwÂ, 10:15 wgwbU, 27 †KwR, 4611026198(NID),
†lvj wW‡m¤^i, 01716-055586 (‡db bv¤^vi), 01.01.1976
MYbv: msL¨v Ave„wË Ki‡Z cvivB MYbv bq, A‡bK wkï we`¨vj‡q Avmvi Av‡MB msL¨v ej‡Z cv‡i| †KD
†KD cici 20 ev ZviI †ewk msL¨v ej‡Z cv‡i| MYbvi `ÿZv n‡jv wkï hLb eyS‡Z cv‡i cÖ‡Z¨K msL¨v
(K_vq ev A‡¼) GKUv wbw`©ó cwigvY †evSvq ev cwigv‡Yi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i|
¯’vbxq gvb: †kLvi †ÿ‡Î 10 Gi Av‡Mi msL¨v¸‡jv wk‡L †M‡j c‡i Avgv‡`i 10 †_‡K 20 ch©šÍ msL¨v
we‡ePbv I g‡bv‡hvM w`‡Z n‡q| we`¨vj‡qi cÖviw¤¢K eQ‡i Ggb A‡bK Kv‡Ri m‡½ Zv‡`i hy³ n‡Z nq
†hLv‡b 10 Gi e¨envi n‡q hvq| Avgv‡`i Ggb D`vniY Ges KvR ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i
Kv‡Q 10 ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V; `kK GKUv BDwbU (GKK) wn‡m‡e aviYv M‡o I‡V|
¯’vbxq gvb n‡jv GKUv msL¨vq †Kv‡bv A‡¼i gvb, Ges Zv wba©vwiZ nq msL¨v‡Z A‡¼i Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ|
†hgb: 312- msL¨vUv ˆZwi n‡q‡Q 300, 10 Avi 2 wb‡q; 3, 1 Avi 2 wb‡q bq| Avgiv hw` msL¨v‡Z
A¼¸‡jvi RvqMv e`j K‡i w`B Zvn‡j bZzb msL¨v ˆZwi n‡e| †hgb: 213| †mB wZbUv A¼ w`‡q ˆZwi
n‡q‡Q wKš‘ A¼¸‡jvi gvb e`‡j †M‡Q| AviI †hgb: 213, 132, 231 ev 321|
¯^Kxq gvb Kv‡K e‡j?
‡Kv‡bv mv_©K A¼ Avjv`vfv‡e wjL‡j †h msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gvb e‡j| 88888 GB
msL¨vwUi me©Wv‡b Aew¯’Z 8 Gi ¯^Kxq gvb 8(AvU)| Avevi Wvbw`‡Ki wØZxq A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gvbI 8| wVK
†Zgwb Wv‡bi Z…Zxq A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gvb 8| PZz_© A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gvb 8 Avevi cÂg A‡¼i ¯^Kxq gvb 8|
A_©vr Avgvi hLb †Kv‡bv mv_©K AsK Avjv`vfv‡e wjwL ZLb A¼wU †h msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i, ZvB A‡¼i
¯^Kxq gvb|
e¨envi ev Dc¯’vc‡bi wfwˇZ msL¨v‡K wZbfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq-
 MYbvi aviYv: MYbvq †h †Kv‡bv msL¨v e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e e¨eüZ msL¨v‡K ev¯Íe msL¨v
ejv nq|
 `jMZ aviYv: 2 Øviv wefvR¨ I AwefvR¨ msL¨v, †Rvo msL¨v - we‡Rvo msL¨v, Ab¨ msL¨v Øviv
(1 e¨ZxZ) wefvR¨ I AwefvR¨ msL¨v, †gŠwjK I †hŠwMK msL¨v, wbw`©ó †h msL¨v `j Øviv wefvR¨
msL¨v, ¸YbxqK I ¸wYZK
 Ae¯’vb ev µgevPK aviYv: 1g, 2q, 3q,------, -----,

25
 Awa‡ekb: 06 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-1

wkLbdj:
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wba©vwiZ QK, MwYZ wk¶vµg
Ask K: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv 45 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½ ï‡f”Qv wewbgq welqe¯‘i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© GKwU Avb›`vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g
Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
2. Awa‡ekb/welqe¯‘i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© GKwU Avb›`vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
3. MwY‡Zi cÖv_wgK Pvi wbq‡gi Ici cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i c~e©Ávb hvPvB-Gi Rb¨ wb¤œiƒc cÖkœ Kiæb
 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi Pvi wbqg ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?
 MwY‡Zi Pvi wbq‡gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wbqg wkï‡`i cÖ_‡g wkLv‡Z nq Ges †Kb Ki‡Z nq?
 wkÿK wn‡m‡e MwY‡Zi Pvi wbq‡gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wbqg wkï‡`i †kLv‡bv P¨v‡jwÄs nq Ges
†Kb, Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i ej‡Z w`b|
4. G e¨vcv‡i K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©xi gZvgZ ïbyb Ges Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
5. cvIqvi c‡q›U/gvwëwgwWqv cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g mnvqK Z_¨ 6.1.1 †_‡K 6.4.2 Gi †hvM, we‡qvM,
¸Y I fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv Dc¯’vcb Kiæb|
6. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Av‡jvPbvq DØy× Kiæb Ges mevi aviYv my¯úó Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
7. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i MvwYwZK †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi aviYv AR©b wel‡q
cÖKvk Ki‡Z w`b Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|
8. cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi Pvi wbqg m¤úwK©Z aviYv mevi my¯úó n‡q‡Q wbwðZ n‡q c‡ii Kv‡Ri m~Pbv
Kiæb|

Ask L: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj eY©bv 40 wgwbU

1. mnvqK Z_¨ mieivn Kiæb (AdjvBb/AbjvB‡b)| mnvqK Z_¨ 6.5.1 †_‡K 6.5.6 Abymi‡Y
†hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi we‡kl we‡kl wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj Ges cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg e¨envi
K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb wel‡q LvZvq †bvU Ki‡Z ejyb|
2. cvIqvi c‡q›U-Gi gva¨‡g mnvqK Z_¨ 6.5.1 †_‡K 6.5.6 Gi †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi
we‡kl we‡kl wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj ey‡jU c‡q‡›U Dc¯’vcb I Av‡jvPbv Kiæb Ges G e¨vcv‡i
K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z w`b |
3. cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi Pvi wbqg m¤úwK©Z aviYv my¯úó n‡q‡Q, wbwðZ n‡q c‡ii Kv‡Ri m~Pbv Kiæb|

26
Ask M: mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU
 AvR‡Ki cv‡V Avgiv Kx wkLjvg?
o
o
 †mk‡bi G wkLb Kxfv‡e Avgvi Kg©¯’‡j Kv‡R jvMve?
o
o
 1g-5g †kÖwYর cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K 2/3 c„ôvi GKwU Rvb©vj/A¨vmvBb‡g›U cieZ©x
w`‡b wj‡L Avbyb|

----------00---------

27
 mnvqK Z_¨: 06 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-1

Ask-K: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi †gŠwjK aviYv

cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg: MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK ev cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg n‡”Q †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM| cÖv_wgK Pvi
wbqg m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv Kiv Acwinvh©| ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b †h †Kv‡bv MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b G PviwU
wbq‡gi GK ev GKvwaK wbqg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z nq| cÖv_wgK Pvi wbq‡gi mgm¨v Ôev¯Íe ch©vqÕ, ÔAa©-ev¯Íe
ch©vqÕ I Ôe¯‘ wbi‡cÿ ch©vqÕ- G wZbwU ch©v‡q mgvav‡bi aviYv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡j Zv wkïi Kv‡Q eyS‡Z
mnRZi n‡e|
6.1.1 †hv‡Mi aviYv
cÖwkÿYv_©xiv e¯‘ ev DcKiY GKÎxZKiY A_ev e„w×KiY ev evov‡bvi gva¨‡g †hv‡Mi aviYv jvf K‡i
_v‡K| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¯‘ †hvM Kiv hvq bv| e¯‘i msL¨v ev cwigvY †hvM Kiv nq| Avevi msL¨v GKÎxKiY
Kiv hvq bv|

Avi GK‡Î
3 + 2 = 5
GKÎ Kiv e„w×KiY/evov‡bv

ÔGKÎ KivÕ Ges Ôevov‡bv ev e„w×KiYÕ Gi 2wU A_© i‡q‡Q| GKÎ Kiv: GKmv‡_ `ywU msL¨v GK‡Î †i‡L
†mB 2wU msL¨vi †gvU msL¨v †ei Kiv| e„w×KiY: c~‡e© hv wQj Zv A‡cÿv msL¨v †ewk nIqv|
D`vniY
 wgw_i 4wU is †cwÝj Ges wgjvi 3wU is †cwÝj Av‡Q| Zv‡`i †gvU KqwU is †cwÝj Av‡Q?
 Bfvi 7wU †Ljbv Av‡Q| AvwbKvi 8wU †Ljbv Av‡Q| `yBR‡bi †gvU KqwU †Ljbv n‡jv?
- GiKg MvwYwZK mgm¨vi A_© n‡”Q ÒGKÎ KivÓ|
 wgiv‡Ri 6 UvKv Av‡Q| Zvi AveŸv Zv‡K AviI 5 UvKv w`‡jb| GLb Zvi Kv‡Q KZ UvKv Av‡Q?
 GKwU Mv‡Q 4wU cvwL e‡m Av‡Q| †mLv‡b AviI 8wU cvwL G‡m emj| Mv‡Q GLb KqwU cvwL
n‡jv?
- GiKg MvwYwZK mgm¨vi A_© n‡”Q Òe„w×KiYÓ|

`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¯‘i cwigvYevPK msL¨v‡K GKÎ KivB n‡jv †hvM| †hv‡Mi wPý n‡”Q Ô+Õ Ges Ô=Õ n‡”Q
mgvb wPý, hv †hvM A‡¼ e¨eüZ nq| DwjøwLZ wPÎ Abyhvqx, Ô3+2 = Õ Gi A_© n‡”Q 3 Gi m‡½ 2 †hvM
Ki‡Z n‡e| A_©vr 3-Gi wVK ci †_‡K 2wU msL¨v µwgKfv‡e e‡j †h‡Z n‡e, †hgb, 4, 5| A_©vr Ô3+2
=5Õ-G †hvM A‡¼-3 Gi wVK ci †_‡K µwgKfv‡e `yBwU msL¨v ¸‡Y †M‡j †k‡lv³ msL¨v n‡e †hvMdj,
hv n‡e 5| wkï‡`i GK A‡¼i msL¨vi †hvM †kLv‡bvi ci mvaviYZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK A¼wewkó msL¨vi

28
†hvM Dci-wbP ev cvkvcvwk wj‡L †hvM Kiv †kLv‡Z nq| GQvov cÖv_wgKfv‡e wkï‡`i Ônv‡Z bv †i‡L †hvMÕ
Ges c‡i Ônv‡Z †i‡L †hvMÕ Kiv †kLv‡Z nq|

6.1.2 †gŠwjK †hvMmZ¨

0.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv Øviv MwVZ `yB msL¨vi m¤¢eci me KqwU †hvMmZ¨ Ô‡gŠwjK
†hvMmZ¨Õ bv‡g AwfwnZ| Giƒc †gŠwjK †hvMm‡Z¨i msL¨v 100wU| †hgb, 0 + 0 = 0, 0 + 1 = 1, 1 +
0 = 1, ---- 9 + 9 = 18 BZ¨vw`| G †hvMmZ¨¸‡jv gyL¯Í Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wkï e¯‘i m‡½ msL¨v
wgwj‡q evievi †hvM gva¨‡g D³ †hvMmZ¨¸‡jv AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡e|

6.2.1 we‡qv‡Mi aviYv

we‡qvM n‡jv †hv‡Mi wecixZ cÖwµqv| we‡qv‡Mi aviYv mvaviYZ e¯‘ ev` †`Iqv, Zzjbv Kiv ev cv_©K¨ Kivi
gva¨‡g n‡q _v‡K|

we‡qv‡Mi MvwYwZK mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv

ev¯ÍeRxe‡bi wewfbœ ai‡bi we‡qvM m¤ú‡K© aviYv jv‡fi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ wPθ‡jv jÿ¨ Kwi| Dc¯’vwcZ
wPÎ 2wUi MvwYwZK cÖKvk ev aib Kx n‡e Ges MvwYwZK cÖKvk Kx GKB iKg n‡e, bv wfbœ iKg n‡e Zvi
DËi wPšÍv Kwi|

wb‡Pi e‡·i we‡qvM msµvšÍ 3wU MvwYwZK mgm¨v co–b Ges G‡`i aib m¤ú‡K© wPšÍv Kiæb|
1. Avcwb 5wU Av‡cj wKb‡jb| Gi g‡a¨ 2wU †L‡q †dj‡jb| Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avi KqwU Av‡cj
_vKj?
2. Avcbvi 5wU Av‡cj †Kbvi cÖ‡qvRb| 2wU wKb‡jb| Avcbvi Avi KqwU Av‡cj †Kbv `iKvi?
3. wgiv‡Ri 5wU Av‡cj Av‡Q| †g‡niæ‡ji 2wU Av‡cj Av‡Q| 2R‡bi Av‡c‡ji msL¨vi cv_K©¨
KZ?

29
cÖkœ
• mgm¨v¸‡jvi mgvavb Ges DËi Kx n‡e?
• 3wU mgm¨v DcKiY w`‡q †evSv‡j Kx iKg n‡e?
• wb‡Pi 3wU wP‡Îi †KvbwUi m‡½ wgj Av‡Q?

Dc‡ii Awfe¨w³ I DËi GK n‡jI wZbwU wP‡Î Òev` †`qvÓ, ÒZzjbv KivÓ Ges Òcv_©K¨ KivÓ Ñ GB 3wU
A_© i‡q‡Q|

ev` †`qv: hLb †Kv‡bv mvgwóK e¯‘ †_‡K wKQz KZ©b Kiv nq, nvwi‡q hvq, †d‡j †`qv nq ev bó n‡q hvq
ZLb Aewkó hv _v‡K Zv †ei Kivi cÖwµqv n‡jv ev` †`qv|
Zzjbv Kiv: `ywU e¯‘i cwigvY hvPvB Ges GKwU e¯‘i m‡½ Ab¨ e¯‘i Zzjbv Kiv|
cv_©K¨ Kiv: GKwU e¯‘ Ab¨ e¯‘ A‡cÿv KZ Kg ev †ewk, Zv wbYq© Kiv Ges `ywU msL¨vi ev `ywU ivwki
gvSLv‡bi e¨eavb ev cv_©K¨ †ei Kivi cÖwµqv|

†hvM I we‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Avjv`v A_© _vK‡jI GKB ai‡bi wPý w`‡q cÖKvk Kivi welqwU cÖ_g †kÖwYi
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Rb¨ KwVb n‡Z cv‡i|

we‡qv‡Mi wPý n‡”Q Ô- Õ Ges Ô=Õ n‡”Q mgvb wPý, hv we‡qvM A‡¼ e¨eüZ nq| DwjøwLZ wPÎ Abyhvqx, Ô5
- 2 = 3 Õ Gi A_© n‡”Q 5 †_‡K 2 Òev` †`qvÓ, ÒZzjbv KivÓ Ges Òcv_©K¨ KivÓ, hvi dj n‡e 3|
wkï‡`i GK A‡¼i eo msL¨v †_‡K Gi †QvU msL¨v Ici-wbP ev cvkvcvwk wj‡L we‡qvM Kiv †kLv‡Z nq|
GQvov cÖv_wgKfv‡e wkï‡`i Ônv‡Z bv †i‡L we‡qvMÕ Ges c‡i Ônv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvMÕ Kiv †kLv‡Z nq| we‡qvM
mvaviYZ †hvM c×wZ, we‡qvM c×wZ, we‡kølY c×wZ I mg‡hvM c×wZ‡Z Kiv nq|

6.2.2 †gŠwjK we‡qvMmZ¨

0 †_‡K 18 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv n‡Z 0 n‡Z 9 ch©šÍ msL¨v we‡qvM K‡i 9 Gi Ab~aŸ© we‡qvMdjmn †hme
we‡qvMmZ¨ cvIqv hvq, ZvB †gŠwjK we‡qvMmZ¨| Giƒc †gŠwjK we‡qvMm‡Z¨i msL¨v 100wU| †hgb, 0 -
0 = 0, 1 - 1 = 0, 1 - 0 = 1, ---- 9 - 9 = 0, 19 - 9 = 9 BZ¨vw`| G we‡qvMmZ¨¸‡jv gyL¯Í Kivi
cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wkï e¯‘i m‡½ msL¨v wgwj‡q evievi †hvM gva¨‡g D³ we‡qvMmZ¨¸‡jv AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡e|

6.3.1 ¸‡Yi aviYv

`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK mgvb msL¨K e¯‘i `‡ji msL¨vi mgwó‡K †ei Kivi mswÿß cÖwµqvB n‡jv ¸Yb cÖwµqv|
A_©vr ¸Y n‡jv †hv‡Mi mswÿß cÖwµqv| e¯‘Z ¸Yb n‡jv e¯‘i `jMZ aviYv| cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki wb¤œwP‡Îi mgm¨vi
cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨vi cÖKvk ev aib wPšÍv Kwi Ges cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi mgm¨v `yBwU GKB A_©
cÖKvk K‡i wKbv Zvi DËi †LuvRvi †Póv Kwi|

30
¸‡Yi A_©
¸‡Yi A_© n‡”Q GKK cwigv‡Yi GKvwaK msMÖ‡ni cybt‡cŠwbK †hvM Kivi cÖwµqv| †hgb,
1. GKwU LvZvi g~j¨ 4 UvKv| 3wU LvZvi g~j¨ KZ?
mgvavb:
1wU LvZvi g~j¨ 4 UvKv
3 wU ,, ,, (4 + 4 + 4) ,, = 12 UvKv
A_ev, 4 * 3 UvKv = 12 UvKv
DËi: 12 UvKv|

cÖkœ: cÖwZwU jvB‡b KZwU e„Ë Av‡Q? jvB‡bi msL¨v KZ? †gvU e„‡Ëi msL¨v
KZ|
cÖwZwU jvB‡b e„Ë Av‡Q 4wU| jvB‡bi msL¨v n‡jv 3wU|
†gvU e„‡Ëi msL¨v n‡jv (4 *3) wU = 12wU
cÖwZwU Kjv‡g KZwU e„Ë Av‡Q? Kjv‡gi msL¨v KZ? †gvU e„‡Ëi msL¨v KZ?
cÖwZwU Kjv‡g e„Ë Av‡Q 3wU| Kjv‡gi msL¨v 4wU|
†gvU e„‡Ëi msL¨v (3 * 4) wU = 12wU
†Rvov †Rvov K‡i KZwU †Rvov Av‡Q? †Rvov wn‡m‡e †gvU e„‡Ëi msL¨v KZ?
Ic‡ii wPÎ †_‡K QqwU K‡i KZwU `j n‡e? QqwUi `j wn‡m‡e †gvU e„‡Ëi
msL¨v KZ?
Abykxjb: cÖ_‡g wPθ‡jv fvjfv‡e †`Lyb| cÖkœ ˆZwii Kiæb I we‡kølY
Kiæb|

6.3.2 †gŠwjK ¸YbmZ¨

0 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ msL¨v¸‡jv Øviv `yB msL¨vi m¤¢eci me ¸Ydj (100wU) †gŠwjK ¸YbmZ¨ ev bvgZv bv‡g
cwiwPZ| Giƒc †gŠwjK ¸Ybm‡Z¨i msL¨v 100wU| †hgb, 0 × 0 = 0, 1 × 1 = 1, 1 × 0 = 0, ----

31
9 × 9 = 81 BZ¨vw`| wkï e¯‘i m‡½ msL¨v wgwj‡q evievi ¸Yb Kivi gva¨‡g IB ¸YmZ¨¸‡jv AvZ¥¯’
Ki‡e|

6.4.1 fv‡Mi aviYv

KZ¸‡jv e¯‘ †_‡K wKQz e¯‘ KZevi ev` †`Iqv ev mwi‡q †bIqv hv‡e Zvi mswÿß wbqg‡K fvM cÖwµqv
e‡j| Ab¨ K_vq GKwU eo msL¨v †_‡K GKwU †QvU msL¨v KZevi we‡qvM Kiv hvq Zvi mswÿß c×wZB
n‡jv we‡qvM| ZvB fvM‡K we‡qv‡Mi mswÿß cÖwµqv ejv nq| Avevi fvM n‡”Q ¸‡Yi wecixZ c×wZ|
ZvQvov fvM n‡jv `jMZ FbvZ¥K MYbvI ejv nq|

D`vniY: 24 ÷ 6 = KZ?
G A¼wUi A_© n‡jv 24 Gi gv‡S 6 KZevi i‡q‡Q Zv †ei Kiv| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, 24 †_‡K 6 KZevi
ev` †`Iqv hv‡e Zv †ei Kiv| ¯^vfvweKfv‡e ¸‡Yi bvgZv ev ch©‡eÿY †_‡K ejv hvq 24 †_‡K 6, 4 evi
ev` †`Iqv hv‡e| †mRb¨ Gi fvMdj n‡jv 4| fv‡Mi wPý n‡”Q Ô÷Õ Ges Ô=Õ n‡”Q mgvb wPý| Ô÷Õ Gi
Av‡M fvR¨ I c‡i fvRK e‡m Ges Ô=Õ wP‡ýi c‡i fvMdj e‡m| fvM `yB ai‡bi nq, h_v cwigv‡c fvM
Ges eȇb fvM|

6.4.2 †gŠwjK fvMmZ¨

†hme fvM A‡¼ fvR¨ 0 †_‡K 81, fvRK 1 †_‡K 9 Ges fvMdj 0 †_‡K 9 nq, Zv‡`i †gŠwjK fvMmZ¨
ejv nq| 0 Øviv †Kv‡bv msL¨v‡K fvM Kiv hvq bv ZvB fvMm‡Z¨i msL¨v 90wU| †hgb, 0 ÷ 1 = 0,
81÷9 = 9, ---- BZ¨vw`|

L-Ask: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡M wkÿv`vb †KŠkj:

6.5.1 †hvM wkÿv`vb †KŠkj:
(K) nv‡Z bv †i‡L †hvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
wkÿK GK A‡¼i msL¨vi †hvM †kLv‡bvi ci `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK msL¨vi †hvM ch©vqµ‡g †kLv‡eb| cÖwZwU
ch©v‡q †h †Kv‡bv msL¨vi †hvM †kLv‡bvi mgq Ici-wbP I cvkvcvwk wj‡L †hvM Kiv †kLv‡eb| Dci-
wb‡P †hvM Kivi mgq wkïiv †hb GK‡Ki N‡ii wb‡P GKK ¯’v‡bi A¼, `k‡Ki N‡ii wb‡P `kK ¯’v‡bi
A¼, kZ‡Ki N‡ii wb‡P kZK ¯’v‡bi A¼ BZ¨vw` wjL‡Z Af¨¯Í nq Zv †kLv‡eb|
(L) nv‡Z †i‡L †hvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
 456 +789 = KZ?
m/nv k ` G
1 1 1
4 5 6
7 8 9
1 2 4 5

32
  jÿ Kwi: GK‡Ki N‡ii A¼¸‡jvi †hvMdj 15| †hvMd‡j GK‡Ki N‡i 5 †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges 1 `kK
`k‡Ki N‡i Ic‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q| `k‡Ki N‡ii A¼¸‡jv †hvM K‡i GKBfv‡e nv‡Zi msL¨v 1
kZ‡Ki N‡ii Ici †jLv n‡q‡Q| kZ‡Ki N‡ii A¼¸‡jv †hvM K‡i GKBfv‡e nv‡Zi msL¨v 1
mn‡MÖi N‡ii Ici †jLv n‡q‡Q| mn‡MÖi N‡i †hvM Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv msL¨v bv _vKvq nv‡Zi msL¨v
1 mn¯ª ev nvRv‡ii N‡i †jLv nq‡Q| G‡Z †hvMdj 1245 nq| Gfv‡e nv‡Z †i‡L †hvM A¼ Ki‡Z
nq|

6.5.2 we‡qvM wkÿv`vb †KŠkj

(K) nv‡Z bv †i‡L we‡qvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
wkÿK GK A‡¼i msL¨vi we‡qvM †kLv‡bvi ci `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK A¼wewkó msL¨vi we‡qvM ch©vqµ‡g
†kLv‡eb| cÖwZwU ch©v‡q †h †Kv‡bv msL¨vi we‡qvM †kLv‡bvi mgq Ici-wbP I cvkvcvwk wj‡L †hvM Kiv
†kLv‡eb| Ici-wb‡P †hvM Kivi mgq wkïiv †hb GK‡Ki N‡ii wb‡P GKK ¯’v‡bi A¼, `k‡Ki N‡ii
wb‡P `kK ¯’v‡bi A¼, kZ‡Ki N‡ii wb‡P kZK ¯’v‡bi A¼ BZ¨vw` wjL‡Z Af¨¯Í nq Zv †kLv‡eb|

(L) nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb

 456 - 189 = KZ?
k ` G k ` G
4 = 3+1 5 = 4+1 6 = 3 14 16
1 8 9 1 8 9
2 6 7

jÿ Kwi: msL¨v¸‡jv‡K GKK, `kK I kZ‡Ki N‡i Ic‡i-wb‡P mvwR‡q †jLv n‡q‡Q| we‡qvR‡bi
GK‡Ki N‡ii 6 we‡qv‡R¨i 9 †_‡K †QvU| GRb¨ we‡qvR‡bi `k‡Ki N‡ii 5 `k †_‡K 1 `k wb‡q
GK‡Ki m‡½ †hvM K‡i 16 n‡q‡Q Ges 16 †_‡K 9 we‡qvM K‡i we‡qvMd‡j GK‡Ki N‡i 7 †jLv
n‡q‡Q| Gevi we‡qvR‡bi `k‡Ki N‡i Aewkó 4 we‡qvR¨ 8 †_‡K †QvU| GRb¨ we‡qvR‡bi kZ‡Ki
N‡ii 5 kZK †_‡K 1 kZK `k‡Ki N‡i G‡b 4 `k‡Ki m‡½ 1 kZK ev 10 `kK †hvM K‡i 14 `kK
†_‡K 8 `kK we‡qvM Ki‡j we‡qvMdj 6 `kK nq Ges Zv we‡qvMd‡j `k‡Ki N‡i 6 bvgv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
cwi‡k‡l, we‡qvR‡bi Aewkó 3 †_‡K 1 we‡qvM Ki‡j we‡qvMdj 2 nq Ges we‡qvMd‡j kZ‡Ki N‡i
2 †jLv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z we‡qvMdj 267 nq| Gfv‡e nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM A¼ Ki‡Z nq| G c×wZ n‡jv
we‡kølY c×wZ| G we‡qvM cÖwµqv mg‡hvM c×wZ‡ZI Kiv hvq|
6.5.3 MyYb wkÿv`vb †KŠkj
`yB ev Z‡ZvwaK msL¨vi ¸Y/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb/mnR c×wZ‡Z ¸Y
38 GLv‡b wkï‡`i hyw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z n‡e| †hgb, 38 †K 7 Øviv ¸Y Ki‡Z
*27 n‡e| 8 ¸Yb 7 mgvb 56-Gi 6 bvg‡e| nv‡Z 5 `k _vK‡e| Gevi 3 `k‡K 7 Øviv ¸Yb
266 Ki‡j 21 `k n‡e Ges Gi m‡½ Av‡Mi 5 `k †hvM Ki‡j 26 `k n‡e hv Av‡Mi 6-Gi evg
760 cv‡k wjL‡Z n‡e| Gevi 2q jvB‡b GK‡Ki N‡i 0 emv‡Z n‡e| GLb, 2 `k Øviv 8
1026 GKK‡K ¸Y Ki‡j n‡e 16 `k| 16 `k †_‡K 6†K 0-Gi ev‡g evm‡bv n‡jv| 1 kZK
33
 nv‡Z iBj| 2 `k Øviv 3 `k‡K ¸Yb Ki‡j 6 kZ n‡e Ges Gi m‡½ Av‡Mi 1 kZ †hvM
Ki‡j 7 kZ n‡e| AZtci 266 Gi m‡½ 760 ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g †hvM Ki‡j †hvM Ki‡j
†hvMdj 1026 n‡e| BnvB wb‡Y©q ¸Ydj| GKBfv‡e ¸Y‡Ki 27 Gi ¯’‡j 20 n‡j ¸Yd‡ji
Wv‡b 0 †i‡L ev‡g 2 Øviv 38†K ¸Y Ki‡j 76 cvIqv hv‡e Ges 76 m‡½ 0 wgwj‡q wb‡q
¸Ydj 760 n‡jv, hv 20 I 38-Gi mnR c×wZ‡Z ¸Y|

6.5.4 fvM wkÿv`vb †KŠkj: fvM msµvšÍ mgm¨v `yB cÖKvi| h_v: (K) cwigv‡c fvM, (L) eȇb fvM|

(K) cwigv‡c fvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb

cwigv‡c fvM: †h fv‡M `‡ji msL¨v wbY©q Kiv nq, Zv‡K cwigv‡c fvM e‡j| †hgb, cÖwZRb‡K 4wU
wjPz w`‡j 12 wjPz KZRb‡K †`Iqv hv‡e? GLv‡b, 4wU‡K GKwU cwigvc ev GKK aiv n‡q‡Q, 12wU‡Z
Giƒc KqwU cwigvc Av‡Q Zv wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b, A¼wU 12 ÷4 = 3 fv‡e †jLv nq|

(L) eȇb fvM/MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb

eȇb fvM: †h fv‡M `‡ji AšÍfz©³ msL¨v wbY©q Kiv nq, Zv‡K eȇb fvM e‡j| †hgb, 12wjPz 3Rb‡K
mgvbfv‡e fvM K‡i w`‡j cÖwZRb KqwU K‡i wjPz cv‡e? GLv‡b, 12wU wjPz n‡Z 1wU K‡i 3 Rb‡K
mgvbfv‡e eÈb K‡i w`‡j cÖwZRb 4wU K‡i wjPz cv‡e| GLv‡b, A¼wU 12 ÷ 3 = 4 fv‡e †jLv nq|

6.5.6: cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg e¨envi K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb

cÖkœ: 3wU Miæ I 3wU Lvwmi g~j¨ 3,00,000 UvKv| GKwU Lvwmi g~j¨ 20,000 UvKv n‡j 1wU Miæi
g~j¨ KZ?
IB MvwYwZK mgm¨vmn me mgm¨v mgvav‡b wb‡¤œv³ †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i-
MvwYwZK mgm¨vwU 2-3 evi co‡Z w`b Ges Z_¨¸‡jv GKUy GKUy K‡i eyS‡Z w`b| cÖ‡kœ wK PvIqv
n‡q‡Q ev Kx †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z w`b| mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi Rb¨ wK wK Z_¨ †`Iqv Av‡Q Zv GK‡Î
ej‡Z w`b| cÖ`Ë Z_¨¸‡jvi GKwUi m‡½ Av‡iKwUi m¤úK© †ei Ki‡Z w`b| mgvav‡bi cÖwµqv Kx n‡Z
cv‡i ev Kxfv‡e ïiæ K‡i AMÖmi nIqv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv wPšÍv K‡i ej‡Z w`b| †Kvb cÖwµqvv e¨envi K‡i
Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †Kb e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ_‡g †gŠwLK Av‡jvPbv K‡i c‡i
LvZvq wj‡L mgvavb Ki‡Z w`b| mvwR‡q Dc¯’vcb Kivi †KŠkj e‡j w`b| KwVb mgm¨v n‡j evievi
Abykxjb Kiv‡Z n‡e| Z_¨ e`‡j w`‡q GKwU ˆewk‡ó¨i K‡qKwU mgm¨vi mgvavb Ki‡Z w`b| G‡¶‡Î
Aek¨B ev¯Íeag©x Z_¨ e¨envi Ki‡eb| mewKQyi Av‡M c~e© cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ wk¶K mnvwqKv ev cvV¨cy¯ÍK
co‡Z Ges AbymiY Ki‡Z ejyb|

Z_¨m~Î:
1. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿv`vb, wWwcGW (Gm‡K I wc‡K, 2012), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
2. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q MwYZ wkÿv`vb (1977), W. Kvgiæ‡bœmv †eMg, Aa¨vcK, AvBBAvi, XvKv wek^we`¨vjq|
3. MATHMATICS: A Good Beginning Strategies for Teaching Children (1998), Brooks/Cole
Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, California.

34
 Awa‡ekb 07 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-2

wkLbdj:
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. c×wZMZfv‡e †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. cv‡Vi gvb Dbœq‡b Kvh©Ki djveZ©b cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, `jMZ KvR, cvV cÖ`k©b/gvB‡µv-wUwPs, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wba©vwiZ QK, c‡q›Uvi|

Ask K: †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fv‡Mi wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Abymv‡i cvV

Dc¯’vcb 30 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½ ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. Awa‡ekb/welqe¯‘i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© GKwU Avb›`vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
3. cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv fve‡Z ejyb I
LvZvq †bvU wb‡Z ejyb-
 nv‡Z bv †i‡L †hvM I nv‡Z †i‡L †hvM wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb
Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 nv‡Z bv †i‡L we‡qvM I nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb
Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 ¸Y I mnR c×wZ‡Z ¸Y wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨
Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 cwigv‡c fvM I eȇb fvM wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨
Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg e¨envi K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
4. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cuvPwU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j welqe¯‘ we‡ePbvq mswkøó †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK
MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv (mdU& Kwc) Av‡Q wbwðZ nb; †hgb, 1bs `‡j 1g †kÖwYi
cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv, 2bs `‡j 2q †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv, 3bs `‡j 3q
†kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv, 4bs `‡j 4_© †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv Ges 5bs
`‡j 5g †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv| `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb| `‡j
Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡¤œi wba©vwiZ welqe¯‘i Ici †kÖwY I wkLbdj D‡jøLc~e©K GKwU cv‡Vi wkLb-
‡kLv‡bvq Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb Zvi
cwiKíbv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|

35
 G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv e¨envi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
`j-1: nv‡Z bv †i‡L †hvM I nv‡Z †i‡L †hvM
`j-2: nv‡Z bv †i‡L we‡qvM I nv‡Z †i‡L we‡qvM
`j-3: ¸Y I mnR c×wZ‡Z ¸Y
`j-4: cwigv‡c fvM I eȇb fvM
`j-5: cÖv_wgK Pvi wbqg e¨envi K‡i MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
5. ch©vqµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡`i `‡ji KvR mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z w`b| Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
Zv‡`i cwiKíbvi Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|
6. cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui
cv‡Vi Rb¨/gvB‡µv-wUwPs Gi cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|

Ask L. cv‡Vvbœq‡bi Rb¨ cvV`vb Ges Kvh©Ki djveZ©b cÖ`vb 55 wgwbU

1. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui cvV Dc¯’vcb (gvB‡µv-wUwPs)
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| †h `j cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †mB `‡ji me m`m¨ Ges Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv 1wU
`‡ji mevB‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mevB‡K g‡bv‡hvM
mnKv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `j cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ mswÿß Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb I djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb| mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q
Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

Ask M: mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

 AvR‡Ki cv‡V Avgiv Kx wkLjvg?
o
o
 †mk‡bi G wkLb Kxfv‡e Avgvi Kg©¯’‡j Kv‡R jvMve?
o
o
 1g-5g †kÖwY cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K 2/3 c„ôvi GKwU Rvb©vj/A¨vmvBb‡g›U c‡ii w`‡b
wj‡L Avbyb|
 cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Kiyb| mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q
Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

----------00---------

36
 mnvqK Z_¨: 07 cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi †gŠwjK Pvi wbqg-2

Ask-L: cvV ch©‡eÿY QK

ch©‡eÿ‡Ki bvg: cvV`vbKvix wkÿ‡Ki bvg:

†kÖwY: welq: welqe¯‘:

1. wkLbdj:
2. cv‡V e¨eüZ -----------------------nB‡Z-----------------------wgwbU, †gvU:
3. cv‡V e¨eüZ mvaviY I we‡kl DcKiY:
4. Awa‡ek‡b e¨eüZ c×wZ I †KŠkj:
5. wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K Kx Kx Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Qb:
 Dc¯’vcb-
 wkÿK mnvwqKvi e¨envi-
 Abykxjb-
 g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb wK bv? -
 hw` AviI wKQy _v‡K-

6. mvims‡ÿcKiY:

37
 Awa‡ekb 08 jmv¸ I Mmv¸

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. ¸wYZK I ¸Ybxq‡Ki aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. jmv¸ I Mmv¸ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. jmv¸ I Mmv¸'i wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, `jMZ KvR cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK (4_© I 5g †kÖwYi), †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi|
Ask K: ¸wYZK I ¸Ybxq‡Ki aviYv 15 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb ¸wYZK I ¸YbxqK ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? Zv‡`i DËi¸‡jv ïbyb|
2. Avevi wR‡Ám Kiæb 5, 9 Ges 12 msL¨v¸‡jvi 10wUi †ewk ¸wYZK Av‡Q wK?
3. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K 5 I 9 msL¨v `yBwUi 5 †_‡K 10wU ¸wYZK wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb Ges †ev‡W©
wjL‡Z ejyb| cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi:
5 Gi K‡qKwU ¸wYZK n‡jv: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, ----------
9 Gi K‡qKwU ¸wYZK n‡jv: 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, 54, ----------
4. D`vni‡Yi m‡½ wgj K‡i ¸wYZ‡Ki aviYv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb| m¤¢ve¨
Dˇii Av‡jv‡K aviYv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb| m¤¢ve¨ Dˇii Av‡jv‡K
aviYv cwi®‹vi Kiæb| (ÔÔGKwU msL¨v‡K †h†K‡bv msL¨v Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j †h ¸Ydj cvIqv hvq ZvB
n‡”Q IB msL¨vi ¸wYZKÓ)|
cÖkœ Kiæb †Kv‡bv P‡Kv‡jU nv‡Z bv †i‡L 12wU P‡Kv‡jU mgvbfv‡e fvM Ki‡j KqwU †cøU jvM‡e?

wb‡¤œi QK Abyhvqx P‡Kv‡jU¸‡jv‡K Avgiv Kxfv‡e fvM Ki‡Z cvwi?

†cø‡Ui msL¨v 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
nv‡Z bv †i‡L
nv‡Z †i‡L
(Avgiv 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 I 12wU †cø‡U Aewkó bv †i‡L P‡Kv‡jU¸‡jv ivL‡Z cvwi)

5. D`vni‡Yi m‡½ wgj K‡i MyYbxq‡Ki aviYv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb|

38
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m¤¢ve¨ DËi:

12 msL¨vwU 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 I 12 Øviv wbt‡k‡l wefvR¨| 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 I 12 n‡jv 12 msL¨vwUi

6. Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wbwðZ Kiæb †h, me cÖwkÿYv_©x D`vniYmn ¸Ybxq‡Ki aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z
¸YbxqK| A_©vr ৎ GKwU msL¨v Øviv Aci GKwU msL¨v wbt‡k‡l wefvR¨ n‡j cÖ_g msL¨vwU‡K wØZxq
cv‡ib|
msL¨vi ¸YbxqK e‡j|
Ask-L: jmv¸ I Mmv¸ msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb 20 wgwbU
1. jmv¸ I Mmv¸ wbY©q †ev‡W© wjLyb| jmv¸ I Mmv¸ Kxfv‡e wbY©q Kiv nq Zv cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i fve‡Z
ejyb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wbR wbR LvZvq 8, 6, 12 Gi jmv¸ Ges 18, 24-Gi Mmv¸ wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb|
Zv‡`i mgvavb Ny‡i Ny‡i †`Lyb|
3. wfbœZv Abyhvqx 2/3 Rb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K Zv‡`i mgvavb mevi D‡Ï‡k wewbgq Ki‡Z ejyb| G‡ÿ‡Î
†Kv‡bv mgm¨v _vK‡j Zvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
4. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4wU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i `yB `j‡K jmv¸ msµvšÍ Ges Aci `yB `j‡K Mmv¸ msµvšÍ
RxebwfwËK mgm¨v ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji GKRb cÖwZwbwa‡K Zv‡`i ˆZwiK…Z mgm¨v mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv
Kiæb|
6. †hŠw³K Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v ˆZwi m¤ú‡K© mevB‡K GKgZ n‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
7. jmv¸ I Mmv¸ msKvšÍ mgm¨v mgvavb I mgm¨v ˆZwi‡Z †Kv‡bv A¯úóZv _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g my¯úó Kiæb|

Ask গ: jmv¸ I Mmv¸'i wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj wPwýZ 50 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 5wU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK
I wkÿK mnvwqKv mieivn Kiæb|
2. 4_© A_ev 5g †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK n‡Z jmvMy A_ev Mmv¸-Gi GKwU cvV wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|
cvV¨cy¯ÍK Ges wkÿK ms¯‹i‡Yi Av‡jv‡K wba©vwiZ c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^‡b cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiYmn cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb| `j †_‡K GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiæb|
3. ˆ`ePq‡bi gva¨‡g wbe©vwPZ 2wU `‡ji GKwU‡K jmv¸ I Ab¨wU‡K Mmv¸ Gi Dci 15 wgwb‡Ui
cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| G‡ÿ‡Î †kÖwYK‡ÿi K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K 4_© A_ev 5g
†kÖwYi cÖwkÿYv_©x wn‡m‡e f~wgKv Awfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. wkLb †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges Ab¨‡`i gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM w`‡q aviYv
¯úó Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b w`b| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cvV cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx c×wZ I †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| `yB `‡ji cvV Dc¯’vcb
†k‡l GKwU `j‡K jmv¸i cvV Ges Ab¨ `j‡K Mmv¸i cvV wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb|

Ask-N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb|
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

39
 Awa‡ekb: 09 mvaviY fMœvsk-1

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv I cwifvlv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv, Zzjbv Ges †hvM-we‡qvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: n¨vÛ-AvDU (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg) †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv|
Ask-K: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv 30 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †Rvovq fvM Kiæb Ges Kg©cÎwU mieivn Kiæb|
Kg©cÎ: 9.1
fMœvs‡ki aviYv msµvšÍ wee„wZ mwVK N‡i wVK
mZ¨ w`b wg_¨v
cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ni-j‡ei †P‡q eo
wgkÖ fMœvsk iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j cÖK…Z fMœvsk cvIqv hvq
cÖK…Z fMœvsk‡K wgkÖ fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq
`ywU fMœvs‡ki ni mgvb n‡j- Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hwUi je eo †mwU e„nËi
`ywU fMœvs‡ki je mgvb n‡j- Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hwUi ni †QvU †mwU e„nËi
AcÖK…Z fMœvsk‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j wgkÖ fMœvsk cvIqv hvq
`ywU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- Zv‡`i †h †Kv‡bvUvi †P‡q eo|
GKUv cÖK…Z fMœvsk I GKUv AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †P‡q eo
Avi AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †P‡q †QvU n‡e|
`ywU AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- Zv‡`i †h †Kv‡bvUvi †P‡q †QvU n‡e|
‡Kv‡bv fMœvs‡ki m‡½ Zvi wecixZ fMœvsk ¸Y Ki‡j djvdj n‡e 1|
3. †Rvovq Av‡jvPbvi K‡i Kg©cÎwU mgvavb Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. GKRb‡K Kg©c‡Îi DËi ej‡Z ejyb| mevB‡K wgwj‡q wb‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K
djveZ©b w`b|
5. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4 `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Z_¨cÎ(9.2) mieivn Kiæb|
6. covi Rb¨ mgq w`‡q fMœvs‡ki aviYv cÖKvk K‡i Ggb k‡ãi ZvwjKv `jxqfv‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z
ejyb|

40
 ZvwjKvi bgybv: fMœvsk, mgfv‡e wef³, fMœvsk‡iLv, ni, mvaviY ni,
je, cÖK…Z fMœvsk, mgZzj fMœvsk, mgniwewkó fMœvsk,
wgkÖ fMœvsk, AcÖK…Z fMœvsk|
7. cÖ‡Z¨vK `j Zv‡`i Wvb cv‡ki `j‡K avivevwnKfv‡e 1Uv K‡i cÖkœ Ki‡e| †Kv‡bv cÖkœ পুbive„wË
Kiv hv‡e bv|
8. wbwðZ Kiæb fMœv‡ki m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ cÖwZwU aviYv †hb Av‡jvwPZ nq Ges my®úó aviYv M‡o I‡V|

Ask L: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv, Zzjbv Ges †hvM we‡qvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
55 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4 `‡j fvM Kiæb|
2. `jxq KvR I Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ QKwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. (cÖ‡Z¨K `j wbw`©ó †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv †_‡K fMœvs‡ki aviYv I Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvg
Abyhvয়ী Kv‡Ri weeiY †_‡K Zvi m‡½ mswkøó wkLb †KŠkj wba©vY Ki‡eb| Ges GKB aviYv ev
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mnvqK Ab¨vb¨ wkLb †KŠkj _vK‡j Zvi AšÍf©y³ Ki‡eb| ejyb mnvqK Ab¨vb¨
†KŠkj AbymÜv‡b cÖwkÿYv_©xiv Ab¨vb¨ eB I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i|)
fMœvs‡ki aviYv ‡kÖwY: Aa¨vq: c„ôv:
fMœvs‡ki aviYv, Zzjbv I †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi aviYv msµvšÍ wkLb Ab¨vb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv
KvR
Kv‡Ri wk‡ivbvg †KŠkj †KŠkj

4. bgybv Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †kÖwY wbw`©ó K‡i 4 `j‡K (2q/3q/4_©/5g) cvV¨cy¯ÍK
I wkÿK mnvwqKv mieivn Kiæb|
5. `jxq Kv‡Ri mgq `j¸‡jvi KvR ch©‡eÿY Kiæb Ges mnvqK Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj
wba©vi‡Y cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv I wb‡`©kbv w`b|
6. KvR †k‡l avivevwnKfv‡e `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i fMœvsk msµvšÍ aviYv
I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|
7. GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `j‡K cÖkœ Kivi I gZvgZ cÖ`v‡b my‡hvM w`b|
8. cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. Awa‡ek‡b Kx Kx wkLb n‡jv Zv Rvb‡Z Pvb| cÖ‡qvR‡b ms‡ÿ‡c wkLb¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæb| mevB‡K
ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

41
 mnvqK Z_¨: 09 mvaviY fMœvsk-1

Ask K: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYvi Ici (Kg©cÎ- 9.1 Gi mgvavb)

fMœvs‡ki aviYv wb‡q wee„wZ mZ¨ wg_¨v
cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ni j‡ei †P‡q eo mZ¨
wgkÖ fMœvsk iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j cÖK…Z fMœvsk cvIqv hvq wg_¨v
cÖK…Z fMœvsk‡K wgkÖ fMœvs‡k iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq wg_¨v
`ywU fMœvs‡ki ni mgvb n‡j- Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hwUi je eo †mwU e„nËi mZ¨
`ywU fMœvs‡ki je mgvb n‡j- Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †hwUi ni †QvU †mwU e„nËi mZ¨
AcÖK…Z fMœvsk‡K iƒcvšÍi Ki‡j wgkÖ fMœvsk cvIqv hvq mZ¨
`ywU cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- Zv‡`i †h †KvbUvi fMœvs‡ki †P‡q eo| wg_¨
GKUv cÖK…Z fMœvsk I GKUv AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki
mZ¨
†P‡q eo Avi AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki †P‡q †QvU n‡e|
`ywU AcÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki ¸Ydj- Zv‡`i †h†KvbUvi †P‡q †QvU n‡e| wg_¨v
‡Kvb fMœvs‡ki m‡½ Zvi wecixZ fMœvsk ¸Y Ki‡j djvdj n‡e 1| mZ¨

Ask-L: mnvqK Z_¨ 9.2 (fMœvsk)

fMœvsk wK?
MvwYZK fMœvsk n‡jv c~Y© †Kv‡bv wKQzi Ask Ges As‡ki cwigvY †K K/L, iƒ‡c †jLv hvq| †hLv‡b K Avi
L n‡jv c~Y© msL¨v; Ges L KL‡bv 0 n‡e bv (L ≠ 0)| fMœvs‡k K n‡jv je (numerator) Ges L n‡jv
ni (denominator)| je I n‡ii msL¨vMZ gv‡bi wfwˇZ fMœvsk‡K wfbœ wfbœfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq|
 MvwYwZK fMœvs‡ki GKUv msL¨vMZ gvb Av‡Q hv c~Y© †Kv‡bv wKQzi Ask cÖKvk K‡i|
 MvwYZK fMœvsk n‡jv msL¨vMZ GK cÖKvk hv c~Y© †Kv‡bv wKQzi wbw`©ó Ask cÖKvk K‡i|
mvaviYfv‡e fMœvsk †Kv‡bv c~Y© wRwbm ev gv‡bi Askwe‡kl| fMœvs‡ki †gŠwjK aviYv-Gi Dc‡ii I wb‡Pi
msL¨vi gva¨‡g cÖKvk cvq| Ic‡ii msL¨v (je) hv Ask cÖKvk K‡i, Avi wb‡Pi msL¨v (ni) hZ fv‡M
fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖKvk K‡i|

42
mgfv‡e wef³: fMœvs‡ki Ask¸‡jv mgvbfv‡e wef³| MvwYwZKfv‡e mvaviYZ fMœvsk mgvbfv‡e
wef³ Ask we‡ePbv I cÖKvk Kiv nq| GB Dcjwä M‡o Zzj‡Z wb‡Pi Abykxjb mnvqZv
Ki‡Z cv‡i|

cÖwZ †Rvov AvK…wZi g‡a¨ †hwU mgvbfv‡e wef³ Zv is K‡iv|

fMœvsk †iLv: fMœvs‡ki `„k¨gvb Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ hLb †iLv e¨envi Kiv nq †mUv fMœvsk‡iLv|

0 1 1
2
0 1 2 1
3 3
fMœvsk QK: fMœvs‡ki `„k¨gvb Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ hLb QK
e¨envi Kiv nq|

 msL¨v †iLvq `vM ¸‡b-cÖwZwU fvM KZ As‡k Zv Wvbcv‡k †jL|

১
২

ni: MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ fMœvs‡ki wb‡Pi msL¨v n‡jv ni| †Kv‡bv GKK KZUv mgvb As‡k wef³ Zv
ni-Gi msL¨vi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|
mvaviY ni: fMœvsk †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki mvaviY ni wba©viY Ki‡Z nq| cÖwkÿYv_©xi
A‡bK †ÿ‡Î mvaviY ni wbY©‡qi †ÿ‡Î ni¸‡jv ¸Y K‡i| GwU fzj bq| wKš‘ †m‡ÿ‡Î †hvMdj ev
43
we‡qvMdj fMœvsk n‡j mswÿß AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| n‡ii jmv¸ wbY©q K‡i fMœvs‡ki †hvM I
we‡qvM Ki‡j MvwYwZK cÖwµqv mnR nq|
je: MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ fMœvs‡ki Dc‡ii msL¨v n‡jv je| mgvbfv‡e wef³ †Kv‡bv GK‡Ki wbw`©ó
Ask je-Gi msL¨vi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|

fMœvs‡ki aib
cÖK…Z fMœvsk: cÖK…Z fMœvsk Ggb msL¨v hv †Kv‡bv wKQzi Ask cÖKvk K‡i| Ask GKUv wKQz ev `‡ji
AskI n‡Z cv‡i| cÖK…Z fMœvs‡k je memgq n‡ii †P‡q †QvU nq| A_©vr Ask c~Y© wKQzi †P‡q Kg|
mgniwewkó fMœvsk: GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î hLb ni GKB _v‡K, ZLb †mB fMœvsk‡K mgni
fMœvsk e‡j| mgni wewkó fMœvs‡ki Zzjbv, †hvM Ges we‡qvM mnRZi nq|
mgZzj fMœvsk: GKwaK fMœvs‡k ni I j‡ei cv_©K¨ _vK‡jI mswÿß iƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡j hLb GKB
fMœvsk cvIqv hvq †mB fMœvsk G‡K Ac‡ii mgZzj fMœvsk| ni I je hvB †nvK bv †Kb mgZzj
fMœvskmg~n GKB gvb cÖvKvk K‡i| fMœvs‡ki wnmve Ki‡Z GB aviYv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
wgkÖ fMœvsk: wgkÖ fMœvsk Ggb msL¨v hv c~Y© †Kv‡bv wKQzi m‡½ Ask‡K wgkÖfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i| wgkÖ
fMœvsk‡K AcÖK…Z fMœvskiƒ‡c cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
AcÖK…Z fMœvsk: wgkÖ fMœvsk‡K hLb ïay ni I je Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq ZLb Zv AcÖK…Z fMœvsk n‡q
hvq|
GLv‡b cÖK…Z fMœvs‡ki je I n‡i ˆewkó¨ e`‡j hvq| A_©vr je n‡ii †P‡q eo nq|

Ask L: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki aviYv, Zzjbv Ges †hvM we‡qvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v
fMœvsk †kLvi †KŠkj: fMœvsk †kLvi mgq wewfbœ ai‡bi Dc¯’vcbv e¨envi Kiv Acwinvh©| Gi d‡j
wkïiv Zv‡`i Ávb, AwfÁZv I Dcjwä wewfbœ Dc¯’vcbv, Qwe Ges ev¯Íe wRwb‡mi m‡½ wgwj‡q cÖ‡qvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i| fMœvsk †kLv‡bvi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Avi mgm¨vc~Y© welq n‡j c~Y© msL¨vi m‡½ ms‡hvM Avi
m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv| cvV`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î KZ¸‡jv wel‡q m‡PZbZv I g‡bv‡hvM †`qv n‡j fMœvsk †kLv Kvh©Ki
I djcÖm~ n‡Z cv‡i|
 GK‡Ki aviYv
 fMœvsk m¤úwK©Z kã
 msL¨v wn‡m‡e fMœvsk
 mgZzj fMœvsk
 fMœvs‡ki †hvM I we‡qvM
 fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I fvM
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i fMœvs‡ki †hvM I we‡qvM-Gi aviYv w`‡Z Avgv‡`i m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e †hb `„k¨gvb DcKiY
I D`vni‡Yi AwfÁZv cÖwkÿYv_©x cvq| cÖwkÿYv_©x ev¯Íe DcKi‡Yi gva¨‡g fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi aviYv

44
†_‡K msL¨vMZ aviYv‡Z DËiY N‡U| Z…Zxq/PZz_© †kÖwY‡Z mvaviYZ cÖwkÿYv_©x fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qv‡Mi
aviYv wb‡q KvR ïiæ K‡i| mgni fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qvM Ges c~Y© msL¨vi m‡½ fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qvM|
fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qvM n‡jv Avgiv hLb msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ GKvwaK fMœvs‡ki mgwó ev Zv‡`i e¨eavb wnmve
Kwi| GUv Kivi Rb¨ we‡eP¨ fMœvsk wb‡Pi msL¨v ev ni GK nIqv ev mgn‡i iƒcvšÍi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb nq|
fMœvs‡ki ni GKB n‡j Ic‡ii msL¨v (je) †hvM ev we‡qvM K‡i wnmve Kiv m¤¢e| Avevi n‡ii jmv¸
wbY©q K‡i mgvbycvwZKfv‡e je wbY©q K‡i fMœvs‡ki †hvM-we‡qvM Kiv nq| cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i MvwYwZK hyw³
M‡o Zzj‡Z fMœvs‡ki wnmve Kivi wewfbœ Dcvq Ges Zv `„k¨gvb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e|

45
 Awa‡ekb: 10 mvaviY fMœvsk-2

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y-fv‡Mi wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi avc I avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. h_vh_ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Abymv‡i mvaviY fMœvsk msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: n¨vÛ-AvDU (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg) †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
BZ¨vw`|

Ask K. mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨vi wkLb †kLv‡bvi avc 30 wg.
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4 `‡j fvM Kiæb|
2. `jxq KvR I Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ QKwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb|
3. (cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K cÂg †kÖwYi MwYZ eB Ges wkÿK mnvwqKv mieivn Kiæb| fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I fvM
mswkøó cv‡V Kv‡Ri m‡½ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I `jxq Kv‡Ri wb‡`©kbv w`b|

fMœvsk ‡kÖwY: cÂg Aa¨vq: 6 c„ôv: 45-62

fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I wkLb †kLv‡bvi wkLb †kLv‡bv Ab¨vb¨ wkLb †kLv‡bv mnvqK
fvM avc †KŠkj †KŠkj

1. bgybv Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 5g †kÖwYi MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv mieivn
Kiæb|
2. `jxq Kv‡Ri mgq `j¸‡jvi KvR ch©‡eÿY Kiæb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv I wb‡`©kbv w`b|
mnvqK Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj Rvbvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i wPšÍv, wewfbœ cy¯ÍK I B›Uvi‡bU
e¨env‡ii K_v ejyb|
3. KvR †k‡l avivevwnKfv‡e `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i fMœvsk msµvšÍ aviYv
I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `j‡K cÖkœ Kivi I gZvgZ cÖ`v‡b my‡hvM w`b|
5. cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b w`‡q KvR †kl Kiæb|

46
Ask L: mvaviY fMœvs‡ki ¸Y I fvM msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb 20 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 5 `‡j fvM Kiæb|
2. cÂg †kÖwYi MwYZ cvV¨eB‡qi wb‡Pi wk‡ivbv‡g KvR cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj wba©viY
wel‡q `jxq Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|
K. fMœvsk‡K c~Y© msL¨v Øviv ¸Y (c„ôv 45)
L. 6 fMœvsk‡K c~Y© msL¨v Øviv fvM (c„ôv 47)
M. fMœvs‡ki mvnv‡h¨ ¸Y (c„óv 50)
N. fMœvs‡ki fvM (c„ôv 57)
O. fvM Ges msL¨v †iLv (c„ôv 62)
3. cvV cwiKíbv I Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖ¯‘wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq gZvgZ I mnvqZv w`b|

Ask M: wPwýZ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj AbymiY K‡i mvaviY fMœvsk msµvšÍ cvV
Dc¯’vcb 35 wgwbU
1. `j¸‡jv‡K avivevwnKfv‡e wPwýZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji Ici mswÿß cvV (gvB‡µv wUwPs)
Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb|
2. Dc¯’vcb cieZ©x gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM I djveZ©b w`b|
3. mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

Ask N: mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. Awa‡ek‡bi Ici wKQz cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

47
 Awa‡ekb: 11 `kwgK fMœvsk

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. `kwgK fMœvsk msµvšÍ cv‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wba©vwiZ QK|
Ask K: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv 20 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½ ï‡f”Qv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. Awa‡ekb/welqe¯‘i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© GKwU Avb›`vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
3. Ô`kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYvÕ msµvšÍ wb‡Pi welq¸‡jv wb‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
4. `kwgK fMœvsk m¤ú‡K© Zviv hv Rv‡b Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`b| †hgb: [K]
- †QvU `v‡Mi cÖwZwU GK‡Ki gvb 0.1 Gi mgvb|
1
- 0.1 nj 1 †m.wg. Gi
10 fvM|
- 2.7, 5.9, 0.8 BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ejv nq `kwgK fMœvsk|
1
- we›`y ÔÔ.Ó wU‡K ejv nq `kwgK we›`y|
- `kwgK we›`yi Wv‡bi A¼wU‡K ejv nq `kgvsk|
5. Wv‡bi [K] -G wb‡`©wkZ 1 †jLv eM©vKvi KvMRwU wk¶v_x©‡`i †`Lvb|
Zvici cÖkœ Kiæb:
ÔÔKxfv‡e †Zvgiv G KvMRwU e¨envi K‡i 0.1 cÖKvk Ki‡e?Ó
wk¶v_x©‡`i g‡b Kwi‡q w`b †h, 0.1 nj 1 Gi 10 wU mgvb fv‡Mi GK fvM| [L]
6. wk¶v_x©‡`i 10wU mgvb As‡k fvM Kiv GKwU KvMR †`Lvb [L]| wbwðZ GK `kgvsk
Kiæb †hb [L]-Gi iwOb AskwU 0.1 ev 1-Gi mgvb `k fvM Gi 1 fvM|
7. wk¶v_x©‡`i Rvb‡Z w`b: =
1
[L]-Gi iwOb AskwU 1 Gi 10 Ask| = 0.1 (`kwgK GK)

GwU‡K ejv nq GK `kgvsk|

1
1 Gi ÔÔGK `kgvskÓ †K fMœvskiƒ‡c 10 †jLv nq Ges
1
`kwgK fMœvs‡k 10 mgvb 0.1 (`kwgK GK) †jLv nq|
8. wk¶v_x©‡`i cÖkœ Kiæb:
48
 ÔÔ0.3 Gi g‡a¨ KZMy‡jv 0.1 Av‡Q?Ó
ÔÔ0.7-Gi g‡a¨ KqwU 0.1 Av‡Q?Ó
ÔÔ1-Gi g‡a¨ KqwU 0.1 i‡q‡Q?Ó
hw` wk¶v_x©iv fzj K‡i Zvn‡j fzj DËi¸‡jv e¨envi K‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`b Ges Zv‡`i
wb‡R‡`i‡K fzj ï× Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
9. wb‡Pi [M], [N] Ges [O] KvMR¸‡jv †`Lvb| Zvici wk¶v_x©‡`i iwOb Ask¸‡jv fMœvs‡k I `kwg‡K
cÖKvk Ki‡Z w`b (K_vq Ges A‡¼)|

[M] [N] [O]

 wZb `kgvsk  mvZ `kgvsk  =1 GK

 0.3 `kwgK wZb  0.7 `kwgK mvZ

10. wk¶v_x©`i wR‡Ám Kiæb:

ÔÔ0.3 Ges 0.7 Gi g‡a¨ †KvbwU eo?Ó
 cÖwkÿYv_©xM‡Yi Kv‡Q `kwgK fMœvs‡ki e¨env‡ii D`vniY ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb †_‡K †ei Ki‡Z
ejyb|
 Òˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b `kwgK fMœvs‡ki e¨envi †Kv_vq †Kv_vq nq?Ó
o cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi: e„wócvZ, ˆk‡Z¨i cwigvc, Zvcgvbhš¿, IRb BZ¨vw`|
 `kwgK fMœvs‡ki e¨envi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
 Òhw` `kwgK msL¨vi e¨envi bv Kiv n‡Zv Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Kx mgm¨v †`Lv w`Z?Ó
o cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi: 1 Gi †P‡q †QvU msL¨v cÖKvk Kiv †hZ bv|
o we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e msL¨v¸‡jv Zzjbv Kiv †hZ bv BZ¨vw`|
11. mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Kv‡Ri mgvwß Uvbyb|
Ask L: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv 20 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb Avgiv `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq gvb Kxfv‡e wbY©q K‡i _vwK| Zv‡`i
cÖ`Ë Dˇii Av‡jv‡K mwVK aviYv w`b Ges wb‡¤œi QKwU e¨vL¨v Kiæb
ARyZ ev mnmª ev
kZK `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk mn¯ªvsk
`k nvRvi nvRvi
1 1 1
10,000 1000 100 10 1
10 ev.1 100 ev.01 1000 ev.001

49
 2. GKK ¯’vb †_‡K evg w`‡Ki ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb 10 ¸Y wn‡m‡e †e‡o †M‡Q| Aciw`‡K GKK ¯’vb
†_‡K Wvbw`‡Ki ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb 10 ¸Y wn‡m‡e K‡g †M‡Q| evg cv‡ki ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K `kK, kZK,
nvRvi BZ¨vw` ejv nq Ges Wvbcv‡ki ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K `kgvsk, kZvsk, mn¯ªvsk BZ¨vw` ejv nq|
GKK ¯’v‡bi Wv‡b `kwgK wPý (.) ¯’vcb K‡i c~Y© msL¨v I `kwgK Ask c„_K Kiv nq| G wPýwU
n‡jv `kwgK wPý| `kwgK As‡ki `kgvsk, kZvsk, mn¯ªvsk BZ¨vw` ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb h_vµ‡g
.1, .01, .001 BZ¨vw` wj‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i PviwU `‡j fvM K‡i wb‡¤œi D`vni‡Yi Abyiƒc PviwU mgm¨v ˆZwi K‡i (†hgb,
212.31, 321.25, 267.15, 315.23) `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i ¯’vbxq gvb wbY©q K‡i Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z ejyb|

4. ¯’vbxq gvb wbY©q: 325.75

ARyZ ev `k mnmª ev
kZK `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk mn¯ªvsk
nvRvi nvRvi
1 1
1
10,000 1000 100 10 1 100 1000
10 ev.1
ev.01 ev.001
3 2 5 .7 .05

GLv‡b, 3 2 5 7 5
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 5 kZvsk ev 05
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 7 `kgvsk ev 7
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 5 GKK ev 5
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 2 `kK ev 20
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 3 kZK ev 300

5. wb‡P †hfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †mfv‡e QKwU cÖ`k©b K‡i ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiæb|
kZK `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk
cÖkœ
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
1) 0.49 0 4 9
2) 6.08 6 0 8
3) 36.94 3 6 9 4
4) 50.82 5 0 8 2
5) 143.15 1 4 3 1 5
6) 209.03 2 0 9 0 3

50
Ask M: `kwgK fMœvsk msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj wPwýZKiY
45 wgwbU
1. `kwgK fMœvsk msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi Kx n‡Z cv‡i
Zv fve‡Z ejyb I LvZvq †bvU wb‡Z ejyb
 `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y I fvM wkLb-†kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b
Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb? gZvgZ MÖnY Kiæb|
 `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ev `yB Z‡ZvwaK cÖwµqv msewjZ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ Kx Kx
†KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cuvPwU †QvU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j welqe¯‘ we‡ePbvq mswkøó †kÖwYi
cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv (mdU&Kwc) Av‡Q wbwðZ nb| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK
MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv e¨envi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
`j-1: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †hvM
`j-2: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki we‡qvM
`j-3: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¸Y
`j-4: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki fvM
`j-5: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki `yB Z‡ZvwaK cÖwµqv msewjZ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
2. cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K GKRb wbe©vwPZ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui cvV Dc¯’vcb
(wmgy‡jkb) Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| †h `j cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †mB `‡ji mevB‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x
wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|
3. GK `‡ji cvV PjvKv‡j Ab¨ `‡ji mevB‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i mnvqK Z‡_¨ cÖ`Ë ch©‡eÿY QK
e¨envi K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wba©vwiZ welqe¯‘i †kÖwY I
wkLbdj D‡jøLc~e©K GKwU cv‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv cÖwµqvq Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges
Gi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi DcKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi ZvwjKv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb|
4. ch©vqµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡`i `‡ji KvR mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z w`b| Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
Zv‡`i aviYv ¯úóxKi‡Y mnvqZv Kiæb|
5. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb| mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q
Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

Ask N: mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

AvR‡Ki cv‡V Avgiv Kx wkLjvg?
o
†mk‡bi G wkLb Kxfv‡e Avgvi Kg©¯’‡j Kv‡R jvMve?
o
1g-5g †kÖwY cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿvµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K 2/3 c„ôvi GKwU Rvb©vj/A¨vmvBb‡g›U cieZ©x w`‡b
wj‡L Avbyb|

51
 mnvqK Z_¨: 11 `kwgK fMœvsk

Ask K: `kwgK fMœvs‡ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Kiv [K]

L wP‡Îi †QvU `v‡Mi cÖwZwU GKK 0.1 Gi mgvb| 1

1
- 0.1 nj 1 †m.wg. Gi
10 fvM|
- 2.7, 5.9, 0.8 BZ¨vw` msL¨v¸‡jv‡K ejv nq `kwgK fMœvsk|
[L]
- we›`y ÔÔ.Ó wU‡K ejv nq `kwgK we›`y|
- `kwgK we›`yi Wv‡bi A¼wU‡K ejv nq `kgvsk|
1
iwOb AskwU 1 Gi 10 Ask| GwU‡K ejv nq GK `kgvsk| 1 Gi ÔÔGK `kgvskÓ †K
1 1
fMœvskiƒ‡c 10 †jLv nq Ges `kwgK fMœvs‡k 10 mgvb 0.1 (`kwgK GK) †jLv nq|
GK `kgvsk
[M] [N] [O]
=

= 0.1 (`kwgK GK)

 wZb `kgvsk  mvZ `kgvsk  =1 GK

 0.3 `kwgK wZb  0.7 `kwgK mvZ

`kwgK fMœvsk cVb cÖYvwj

Òˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b `kwgK fMœvs‡ki e¨envi †Kv_vq †Kv_vq nq?Ó ˆk‡Z¨i cwigvc, Zvcgvbhš¿, IRb BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î|
Òhw` `kwgK msL¨vi e¨envi bv Kiv n‡Zv Zvn‡j 1-Gi †P‡q †QvU msL¨v cÖKvk Kiv †hZ bv|
we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e msL¨v¸‡jv Zzjbv Kiv †hZ bv, BZ¨vw`|

Rvbyqvwi gv‡mi GKwU w`‡b m‡ev©”P ZvcgvÎv wQj 21.6 †mjwmqvm| hw` `kwgK msL¨v e¨env‡ii cÖPjb bv _vKZ
Zvn‡j GwU cÖKvk Ki‡Z mgm¨v n‡Zv| 21 Gi †P‡q wKQz †ewk Gfv‡e cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡Zv ev Awbw`©ó 21 Gfv‡e
ejv n‡Zv? BZ¨vw`|
Ò21.6 Gi g‡a¨ 6 Kx cÖKvk K‡i?
21 22

52

21.6
21 †_‡K 22-Gi g‡a¨ 10wU fv‡Mi 6wU Ask|

GKwU e¯‘ AviI mywbw`©ófv‡e gvcv hvq hw` Avgiv †¯‹‡ji

†QvU †QvU `vM e¨envi Kwi| cv‡k †`Iqv D`vni‡Y iveviwUi
ˆ`N©¨ ÔÔ2 †mw›UwgUvi Ges 7wU †QvU `vMÓ| GRb¨, G‡K Avgiv
ÔÔ`yB `kwgK 7 †mw›UwgUviÓ wn‡m‡e cwo|

g‡b Kwi‡q †`Iqv †h, - †QvU `v‡Mi cÖwZwU GKK 0.1 Gi mgvb| - 0.1 nj 1 †mw›UwgUv‡ii 1/10 Ask|
2.7, 5.9, 0.8 Ges G ai‡bi msL¨v¸‡jv‡K `kwgK fMœvsk ejv nq| . we›`ywU‡K ejv nq `kwgK we›`y|
`kwgK we›`yi Wv‡bi NiwU‡K ejv nq `kgvsk|
`kwgK fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î evg w`K †_‡K ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K K `kgvsk, kZvsk, mn¯ªvsk BZ¨vw` ejv hvq|
1) 21.6-Gi ¯’vbxq gvb wb‡Pi QKwU A¼b K‡i Lvwj N‡i msL¨v emvB|

`kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk

2 1 6

2) GKK ¯’v‡bi Wv‡b GKwU we›`y ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G we›`y‡K `kwgK we›`y ejv nq Ges G we›`y ¯’vcb
K‡i c~Y© msL¨v Ges `kwgK fMœvsk c„_Kfv‡e †Pbv hvq|

M. `kwgK fMœvs‡ki ¯’vbxq gv‡bi aviYv

ARyZ ev mnmª ev
kZK `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk mn¯ªvsk
`k nvRvi nvRvi
1 1 1
10,000 1000 100 10 1
10 ev.1 100 ev.01 1000 ev.001

1. GKK ¯’vb †_‡K evg w`‡Ki ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb 10 ¸Y wn‡m‡e †e‡o †M‡Q| Aciw`‡K GKK ¯’vb †_‡K
Wvbw`‡Ki ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb 10¸Y wn‡m‡e K‡g †M‡Q| evg cv‡ki ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K `kK, kZK, nvRvi
BZ¨vw` ejv nq Ges Wvbcv‡ki ¯’vb¸‡jv‡K `kgvsk, kZvsk, mn¯ªvsk BZ¨vw` ejv nq| GKK ¯’v‡bi
Wv‡b `kwgK wPý (-) ¯’vcb K‡i c~Y© msL¨v I `kwgK Ask c„_K Kiv nq| G wPýwU n‡jv `kwgK

53
 wPý| `kwgK As‡ki `kgvsk, kZvsk, mn¯ªvsk BZ¨vw` ¯’vb¸‡jvi gvb h_vµ‡g .1, .01, .001
BZ¨vw` wj‡L cÖKvk Kiv nq|
2. ¯’vbxq gvb wbY©q: 325.75
ARyZ ev `k
mnmª ev nvRvi kZK `kK GKK `kgvsk kZvsk mn¯ªvsk
nvRvi
1 1 1
10,000 1000 100 10 1
10 ev.1 100 ev.01 1000 ev.001
3 2 5 .7 .05

GLv‡b, 3 2 5 .7 5
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb ৫ শত াংশ ev
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 5 kZvsk ev 05.05
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb ৭ দkমvsk ev .7
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 5 GKK ev 5
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 2 `kK ev 20
Gi ¯’vbxq gvb 3 kZK ev 300

54
 Ask M: `kwgK fMœvsk msµvšÍ cv‡Vi wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj

cvV ch©‡eÿY QK

ch©‡eÿ‡Ki bvg: cvV`vbKvix wkÿ‡Ki bvg:

†kÖwY: welq: welqe¯‘:

1. wkLbdj:
2. cv‡V e¨eüZ -----------------------nB‡Z-----------------------wgwbU, †gvU:
3. cv‡V e¨eüZ mvaviY I we‡kl DcKiY:
4. Awa‡ek‡b e¨eüZ c×wZ I †KŠkj:
5. wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K Kx Kx Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Qb:
 Dc¯’vcb-
 wkÿK mnvwqKvi e¨envi-
 Abykxjb-
 g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb wK bv? -
 hw` AviI wKQy _v‡K-
6. mvims‡ÿcKiY

Z_¨m~Î
1. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿv`vb, wWwcGW (Gm‡K I wc‡K, 2012), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg, cÖ_wgK I MYwkÿv
gš¿Yvjq|
2. welqwfwËK (MwYZ) cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq, XvKv|
3. wUwPs c¨v‡KR (4_© †kÖwY), RvBKv mv‡cvU© †cÖvMÖvg, wcBwWwc3, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|

55
 Awa‡ekb: 12 kZKiv

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. kZKiv aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. kZKiv wkLb †kLv‡bvi avc I avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. kZKiv msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: n¨vÛ-AvDU (Avek¨Kxq wkLbµg I we¯Í…Z wkÿvµg) †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv
BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: kZKivi aviYv 10 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kiæb
3. eB‡gjv †_‡K GKRb `ywU eB wKb‡jb| `ywU eB‡qi Mv‡qi g~j¨ h_vµ‡g 250 UvKv Ges 650
UvKv| `ywU eB †Kbvi mgq wZwb wKQz Qvo †c‡q‡Qb| cÖ_g eB µq Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 200 UvKvq
Ges wØZxq eB µq Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb 533 UvKvq| †Kbvi †ÿ‡Î wZwb †Kv‡bv eB‡q kZKiv KZ
Qvo †c‡q‡Qb?

K.

L.

4. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gv‡S cÖwZ †Rvovq GK †mU mnvqK Z_¨ 12.1 w`b| Z_¨c‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡Z¨K
†Rvovq 5wU K‡i cÖkœ ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|
5. avivevwnKfv‡e GK †Rvov‡K Ab¨ †Rvovq cÖkœ Kivi my‡hvM w`b| wbwðZ Kiæb me †Rvov cÖkœ Kiv
I DËi †`qvi my‡hvM cvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiæb।

56
Ask L. kZKiv wkLb †kLv‡bvi avc I avivevwnKZv e¨vL¨v 20 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 6 `‡j fvM Kiæb|
2. cÂg †kÖwYi MwYZ eB‡q kZKiv aviYvi wZbwU wk‡ivbv‡g KvR I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj wb‡q
`jxq Av‡jvPbv I Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|
9.1 ivwki Zzjbv (c„ôv 94)
9.2 mij gybvdv (c„ô 96)
9.3 jvf-ÿwZ (c„ôv 98)
3. cÖwZ `yB `j‡K GKwU wk‡ivbv‡g `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wba©viY Kiæb|
4. bgybv Q‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 5g †kÖwYi MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv mieivn
Kiæb|
5. `jxq Kv‡Ri mgq `j¸‡jvi KvR ch©‡eÿY Kiæb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv I wb‡`©kbv w`b|
mnvqK Ab¨vb¨ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i wPšÍv, Ab¨ cy¯ÍK I B›Uvi‡bU e¨env‡ii
K_v ejyb|
6. GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcbvi mgq Ab¨ `j‡K cÖkœ Kivi I gZvgZ cÖ`v‡b my‡hvM w`b|
7. cÖ‡qvR‡b wkÿK mnvwqKv I mnvqK Z_¨ 12.1 Gi Av‡jv‡K djveZ©b w`b|
8. c~‡e©i `‡j cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i `jxq †ÿ‡Îi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ GKwU cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cwiKíbv I
cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|
9. cvV cwiKíbvq wkLbd‡ji Dc‡hvMx KvR, wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj I DcKiY wbe©vPb I ˆZwi‡Z
civgk© I mvnvqZv w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b w`b|
`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ bgybv QK
kZKiv wkLb-
wkÿK-cÖwkÿYv_©xi Ab¨vb¨ mnvqK wkLb
†kLv‡bv avc I wkLbdj wkLb †KŠkj
KvR †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
KvR

Ask M. kZKiv msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb I wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wPwýZKiY 55 wgwbU
1. cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ch©vqµ‡g `j¸‡jv‡K AvnŸvb Kiæb| cÖwZ `‡ji cvV PjvKv‡j Ab¨
`j¸‡jv‡K Dc‡i cÖ`Ë QK e¨envi K‡i cvV ch©‡e¶Y Kivi wb‡`©kbv w`b|
2. cvV‡k‡l avivevwnKfv‡e `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Kiæb Ges Zv‡`i kZKiv msµvšÍ aviYv
I wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb|
3. `jxq Dc¯’vcbvi wel‡q gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi my‡hvM w`b| cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|
4. mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|
Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU
1. GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i aviYv mg„× n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
2. cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b Ges wkLbd‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q †`Lyb| ab¨ev` w`‡q †kl Kiæb|

57
 mnvqK Z_¨: 12 kZKiv

mnvqK Z_¨: 12.1

kZKiv m¤úwK©Z †gŠwjK Z_¨
kZKiv aviYv cÖwkÿYv_©xi cÂg †kÖwY‡Z ïiæ nq| wKš‘ GB aviYvi wfwË ïiæ nq fMœvsk †kLvi ïiæ †_‡K|
cÂg †kÖwYi Av‡M kZKivi m‡½ cwiPq N‡U bv| Z‡e fMœvsk †kLvi cÖwµqv¸‡jvB Zv‡`i kZKiv aviYvq
iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| mvaviY fMœvsk, `kwgK fMœvsk Avi kZKivi cvi¯úwiK iƒcvšÍi Ges aviYvMZ
ms‡hvM AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wkÿK‡K m‡PZbfv‡e cÖwkÿYv_©xg gv‡S GB AwfÁZv M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e|
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i kZKiv Ggbfv‡e cwiPq K‡i w`‡Z n‡e †h- mvaviY fMœvsk, `kwgK fMœvsk Avi kZKiv
n‡jv AbycvZ, Zzjbv ev Ask cÖKv‡ki wfbœ wfbœ iƒc| wKš‘ wkÿK GB aviYv w`‡Z bv cvi‡j fMœvs‡ki
aviYv kZKivq iƒcvšÍi Avi kZKivi Dcjwä e¨vnZ n‡e| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †h †Kv‡bv bZzb
aviYv w`‡Z Zvi c~e© aviYv ev AwfÁZvi m‡½ ms‡hvM ˆZwi wkÿvi cÖwZwôZ I cÖgvwYZ Dcvq| bZzb kã
kZKiv‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gv‡S cwiPq Ki‡Z kã‡K †f‡O ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ÔkZÕ ÔKivÕ- kZ Av‡M †_‡KB
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q cwiwPZ| ÔkZÕ Gi m‡½ ÔKivÕ hy³ n‡q cÖKvk K‡i ÔcÖwZ k‡ZÕ|
1. kZKiv‡K Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq kZfv‡Mi g‡a¨ Ges GUv mvaviY fMœvsk ev `kwgK fMœvs‡ki g‡ZvB
†hLv‡b Ask‡K wfbœ fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq|
2. mvaviY fMœvsk ev `kwgK fMœvs‡ki †_‡K kZKivi wfbœZv n‡jv GLv‡b Ask‡K memgq 100 Gi m‡½
Zzjbv Kiv nq|
3. mnRfv‡e ejv hvq, kZKiv Ggb fMœvsk †hLv‡b ni ev AbycvZ memgq 100| †m Kvi‡Y kKZiv‡K
Zzjbvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e e¨envi Kiv nq| †hgb: eB †Kbv mgq kZKiv Qvo|
kZKiv cv‡Vi †ÿ‡Î wkÿK †h wel‡q †Lqvj ivL‡eb
 mvaviY fMœvsk I `kwgK fMœvs‡ki m‡½ ms‡hvM ˆZwi
 kZKiv‡K kZvsk wn‡m‡e cÖKvk (3/4 = wZb PZz_©vsk = 75/100 = 0.75 = 75% = 75
kZvsk); 20 kZvsk = 20%
 kZKiv cwifvlv: 1%- AZ¨šÍ ÿz`ª Ask, 97%- cÖvq cy‡ivUvq, 50%- G‡Kev‡i A‡a©K,
48%- cÖvq A‡a©K BZ¨vw`|
 kZKivi `„k¨gvb Dc¯’vcbv I Dcjwäi Rb¨ 100 e‡M©i e¨envi Lye Kvh©Ki| Ges Zv‡K wewfbœ
kZKiv n‡ii Rb¨ is K‡i †`Lv‡bv ev Ki‡Z †`qv|

58
 Awa‡ekb: 13 cwigvc-1

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigvc wkL‡b wkï‡`i P¨v‡jÄ e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GK‡Ki m¤úK© Ges wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ
I †KŠk‡ji aib e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvB‡µv-wUwPs, cÖ`k©b, gvwëwgwWqvq cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv BZ¨vw` |
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK-mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †nvqvBU †evW© BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigvc wkL‡b P¨v‡jÄ 20 wgwbU
1. cÖÖwkÿYv_©xM‡Yi m‡½ mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|
2. wb‡Pi mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i AvnŸvb Rvbvb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiæb|
3. wb¤œwjwLZ cÖkœ¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbvq mKj cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i Drmvn w`b|
we›`y¸‡jvi Ae¯’vb mgvavb
†ev‡W© Gu‡K mgm¨vwU mgvavb
Ki‡Z w`b|
GLv‡b 9wU we›`y Av‡Q|
me¸‡jv we›`y‡K 4wU mij‡iLv
Øviv †Q` Ki‡Z n‡e| Z‡e
kZ© n‡jv †h, ïiæ Kivi ci
me¸‡jv we›`y‡K †Q` K‡i
Kjg Zzj‡Z n‡e, gvSLv‡b
Kjg †Zvjv hv‡e bv|

 1 wjUvi mgvb KZ wK‡jvwjUvi?

 1 †mw›UwgUvi 1 wgwjwgUv‡ii KZ ¸Y?
 wkïiv cwigvc wkL‡Z wM‡q Kx Kx ai‡bi mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq?
 Avcbviv Kxfv‡e cwigvc wkÿv`vb K‡i _v‡Kb?
 cwigvc wkÿv`v‡b Avcbviv mvaviYZ Kx Kx ai‡bi mgm¨vq c‡o _v‡Kb?
Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mgm¨v¸‡jv †ei K‡i wb‡q Avmyb Ges m¤¢ve¨ mgvav‡bi Dcvq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

Ask L: ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v 30 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `ywU `j‡K ˆ`N©¨/IRb/Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb
cwigv‡ci Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Kiæb|

59
  cÖ‡Z¨K `j Awa‡ek‡b msM„nxZ ev cÖ`Ë wewfbœ e¯‘ cwigvc Ki‡eb Ges e¯‘¸‡jvi cwigvcK…Z
Z_¨ ZvwjKve× Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
 cieZ©x‡Z ZvwjKve× e¯‘¸‡jv Kx cÖwµqvq cwigvc Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Dc¯’vcb
Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Kvh©vewji mvims‡ÿcKiY Ki‡Z w`b:

- cwigvcY cÖwµqv wkÿv_©x‡`i ˆ`N¨©, IRb I AvqZb m¤úwK©Z aviYv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv K‡i
_v‡K| D`vniY¯^iƒc, hw` †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g ˆ`N©¨ m¤úwK©Z aviYv AR©b K‡i, Z‡e †m
cwigvc Qvov †Kv‡bv e¯‘i ˆ`N©¨ KZ n‡e Zv Lye KvQvKvwQ Abygvb K‡i ej‡Z mg_© n‡e|

- cwigvcY cÖwµqv wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ GKwU gRvi welq Ges hv ev¯Íe RxebwfwËK MwYZ wkL‡b
mnvqZv K‡i|

Ask M: ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GK‡Ki m¤úK© Ges wkLb-
†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj 35 wgwbU

1. cwigv‡ci GK‡Ki cÖwZ mevi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci
g~j GKK Kx? cÖkœ Kiæb

cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi:
1. ˆ`N©¨ cwigv‡ci g~j GKK wgUvi
2. IRb cwigv‡ci g~j GKK MÖvg
3. Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigv‡ci g~j GKK wjUvi
4. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ejyb-G¸‡jv cwigv‡ci AvšÍR©vwZK g~j GKK

wb‡P cÖ`Ë QKwU gvwëwgwWqv/†ev‡W© cÖ`k©b K‡i cÖ‡kœvˇi †gwUªK cwigv‡ci wewfbœ GK‡Ki m¤úK© eyS‡Z
mn‡hvwMZv Kiæb|
g~j GK‡Ki hZ¸Y ˆ`N©¨ cwigvc IRb cwigvc Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb
cwigvc
1000 wK‡jvwgUvi wK‡jvMÖvg wK‡jvwjUvi
100 †n‡±vwgUvi †n‡±vMÖvg †n‡±vwjUvi
10 †WKvwgUvi †WKvMÖvg †WKvwjUvi
g~j GKK 1 wgUvi MÖvg wjUvi
1 ev 0.1 †WmvwgUvi †WwmMÖvg †WwmwjUvi

60
 10
1 †mw›UwgUvi †mw›UMÖvg †mw›UwjUvi
ev 0.01
100
1 wgwjwgUvi wgwjMÖvg wgwjwjUvi
ev 0.001
1000

5. ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb cwigvc wkLb-wkLv‡bv Kvh©µg Kxiƒc nIqv DwPZ? cÖkœ
K‡i DËi AvnŸvb Kiæb|
cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi n‡Z cv‡i-
 ˆ`N©¨, IRb I Zij c`v‡_©i AvqZb BZ¨vw`i †h †Kv‡bvwUi cwigvc wk¶v`vb Ki‡Z
cÖ_‡gB cwigv‡ci wewfbœ hš¿cvwZi m‡½ wk¶v_©x‡`i cwiPq NUv‡bv|
 †kÖwYK¶ I wbKU cwi†e‡ki †h †Kv‡bv wRwbm cwigvc Ki‡Z †`Iqv|
 cwigvc cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v I ev¯Í‡e cwigvc K‡i †`Lv‡bv
 cwigv‡ci †ejvq Abygvb Ki‡Z wkï‡`i DØy× Kiv |
 g~j GK‡Ki m‡½ eo I †QvU GK‡Ki m¤cK© Av‡jvPbv Ges nv‡Z Kj‡g †g‡c m¤cK©
cÖwZôv Kiv|
 QK I ZvwjKv ¯’vqxfv‡e †`qv‡j UvwO‡q ivLv|
 mnR mgm¨v w`‡q cÖPzi Abykxj‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|

6. Dc‡iv³ welq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv, my¯úóxKiY Ges cwigvc cÖwµqvi wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ
we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqvi AvnŸvb Rvwb‡q Av‡jvPbvi mgvwß Uvbyb|

Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

3. cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY Kiæb|
4. GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i aviYv mg„× n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
5. cÖ‡qvR‡b wdWe¨vK w`b Ges wkLbd‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q †`Lyb|
6. Awa‡ekb m¤ú‡K© cÖwZwµqv Rvbyb Ges ab¨ev` Ávcb Kiæb|

61
 Awa‡ekb: 14 cwigvc-2

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. ˆ`N©¨, IRb, Zij c`v_© I mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I
†KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv |
DcKiY: 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi,
gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb 20 wgwbU
1. GKwU Avb›``vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
2. wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸‡jv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i/gvwëwgwWqvq cÖ`k©b Kiæb| cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wPšÍv K‡i Ges
†Rvovq Av‡jvPbv K‡i GKR‡bi LvZvq †bvU Ki‡Z ejyb|
 2 NÈv 2 wgwbU 36 †m‡KÛ‡K Avgiv mgq MYbvi †ÿ‡Î Kxfv‡e wjwL?
 mv‡`K I †mvnvM `yB fvB| mv‡`‡Ki eqm 14 eQi 4 gvm 11 w`b Ges †mvnv‡Mi eqm 9 eQi
7 gvm 13 w`b| Zv‡`i eq‡mi cv_©K¨ KZ? mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kiæb Ges †Kvb †kÖwYi Dc‡hvMx
D‡jøL Kiæb|
 gvwni Rb¥w`b 27 GwcÖj| gvwni Rb¥w`‡bi 8 w`b ci wiqvi Rb¥w`b n‡j wiqvi Rb¥w`b KZ
Zvwi‡L? mgm¨vwU mgvavb Kiæb Ges †Kvb †kÖwYi Dc‡hvMx D‡jøL Kiæb
 1800, 1900, 2000, 2004 mvj¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb¸‡jv Awael© I Awael© bq? †Kb?
 Avgiv eZ©gv‡b †Kvb kZvãx‡Z i‡qwQ?
 Acivý 11:58 †K 24 NÈv mgq m~wP‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡j Kx n‡e?
3. cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©xi Kv‡Q 4_© A_ev 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki (cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mdU&Kwc)
wbwðZ Kiæb | 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwY‡Zi mgq Aa¨v‡qi welqe¯‘ fv‡jvfv‡e c‡o cÖkœ¸‡jvi
DËi hvPvB Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
4. mgq cwigvc m¤úwK©Z mgm¨v I mgvavb m¤ú‡K© cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖkœ Ki‡Z DØy× Kiæb| Av‡jvPbvi
gva¨‡g mevi aviYv my¯úó Kiæb|
Ask L: ˆ`N©¨, IRb, Zij c`v_© I mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb 70 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| 4wU `j‡K wb¤œiƒcfv‡e welqe¯‘ eÈb K‡i w`b|
`j-1: ˆ`N©¨ cwigvc
`j-2: IRb cwigvc
`j-3: Zij c`v_© cwigvc
`j-4: mgq cwigvc

62
 2. cÖwkÿYv_©xM‡Yi mevi Kv‡Q 3q, 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKvi
Kwc wbwðZ Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó welqe¯‘i Ici GKwU †kÖwYi GKwU cvV wbe©vPb
Ges cv‡Vi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb| cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ DcKiY ˆZwi/msMÖn Ki‡Z mnvqZv
Kiæb|
3. cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Kiæb|
4. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
†h `j cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †mB `‡ji me m`m¨ Ges Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv 1wU `‡ji mevB‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x
wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mevB‡K cvV Dc¯’vcb ch©‡eÿY K‡i cv‡V e¨eüZ
†KŠkj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l wPwýZ †KŠkj wb‡q gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi
my‡hvM w`b Ges cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mswÿß djveZ©b Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb|
5. †cøbvwi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g ˆ`N©¨, IRb, Zij c`v_© I mgq cwigvc msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb †KŠkj
cÖ‡qv‡Mi my¯úó aviYv jv‡f mnvqZv Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. cÖÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb|
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

Awa‡ekb: 15 R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ-1

wkLbdj:
63
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzf©R
z I e„Ë) Gi aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzfz©R I e„Ë) wewfbœ Dcv‡q A¼b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: aviYv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbv, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: wewfbœ AvK…wZi e¯‘, n¨vÛ-AvDU, 3q †_‡K 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, †cv÷vi
†ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzfz©R I e„Ë) Gi aviYv 40 wgwbU
1. welqe¯‘i m‡½ mswkøó GKwU Avb›``vqK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi m~Pbv Kiæb|
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi wPšÍv K‡i †bvU Ki‡Z ejyb|
1) we›`y Kx?
2) j¤^ Kx? j¤^ Kxfv‡e AvuK‡Z nq?
3) mgvšÍivj †iLv Kxfv‡e AvuK‡Z nq?
4) wewfbœ ai‡bi †KvY; †hgb, mg‡KvY, m~ÿè‡KvY, ¯’~j †KvY, wecÖZxc †KvY, ej‡Z Kx †ev‡Sb?
5) ‡KvY‡f‡` wÎfzR KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
3. AvqZ, eM©, mvgvšÍwiK, i¤^m I UªvwcwRq‡gi aviYv D‡jøL Kiæb|
4. e„Ë Kx? e„‡Ëi wewfbœ As‡ki aviYv D‡jøL Kiæb|
5. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cuvPwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j welqe¯‘ we‡ePbvq mswkøó †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ
cvV¨cy¯ÍK (cÖ‡qvR‡b mdU& Kwc) mieivn Kiæb; †hgb, 1bs `‡j 3q †kÖwYi, 2bs `‡j 3q I 4_©
†kÖwYi, 3bs `‡j 4_© †kÖwYi, 4bs `‡j 3q I 5g †kÖwYi Ges 5bs `‡j 3q I 5g †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK|
`‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb| cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki DwjøwLZ aviYvi Av‡jv‡K
`‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡¤œi QK c~iY Ki‡Z ejyb|
`j-1: we›`y, †iLv, Zj, j¤^, mgvšÍivj †iLv
`j-2: wewfbœ ai‡bi †KvY
`j-3: †KvY‡f‡` I evû‡f‡` wÎfzR
`j-4: wewfbœ ai‡bi PZzf©yR
`j-5: e„Ë

welqe¯‘ ev¯Íe D`vniY aviYv

6. `‡ji KvR mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z w`b Ges Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevi aviYv my¯úó Ki‡Z
mnvqZv Kiæb|

64
Ask L: R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ (wÎfzR, PZzfz©R I e„Ë) wewfbœ Dcv‡q A¼b 45 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i c~‡e©i `‡j KvR Ki‡Z ejyb| `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb| `‡j
Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ges A¼b mvgMÖx (KuvUv-K¤úvm, Puv`v, w·KvYx, Ab¨vb¨) e¨envi K‡i c~‡e© cÖ`Ë
welqe¯‘¸‡jv A¼b Ki‡Z ejyb| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯Í‡Ki mnvqZv wb‡Z ejyb|
2. ch©vqµ‡g me `j‡K Zv‡`i `‡j AvuKv R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZM‡jv Ges A¼b †KŠkj mevi D‡Ï‡k
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevB‡K GKgZ n‡Z Ges mevi aviYv my¯úó
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY Kiyb|
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

65
 Awa‡ekb: 16 R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ-2

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_©xMY
K. wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. h_vh_ c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ msµvšÍ wkLb-†kLv‡bv
Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: aviYv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, cÖ`k©b I Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: wewfbœ AvK…wZi e¯‘, n¨vÛ-AvDU, 3q †_‡K 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK
mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi, gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj 40 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb‡¤œi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi fve‡Z ejyb Ges DËi¸‡jv †bvU Ki‡Z ejyb|
 †iLv, Zj, j¤^, mgvšÍivj †iLv BZ¨vw` wkLb-‡kLv‡bvi Rb¨ Kx Kx wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 wewfbœ ai‡bi †Kv‡Yi aviYv I †KvY A¼b wkLb-†kLv‡bvq Kx Kx wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
 †KvY‡f‡` I evû‡f‡` wÎfz‡Ri aviYv I A¼b wkLb-‡kLv‡bvq Kx Kx wkLb-†kLv‡bv †KŠkj
Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb?
2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i PviwU `‡j fvM Kiæb| cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j welqe¯‘ we‡ePbvq mswkøó †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ
cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKvi (mdU&Kwc) Kwc wbwðZ Kiæb; †hgb, 1bs `‡j 3q I 4_© †kÖwYi,
2bs `‡j 4_© †kÖwYi, 3bs `‡j 3q I 5g †kÖwYi Ges 4bs `‡j 3q I 5g †kÖwYi cvV¨cy¯ÍK I
wkÿK mnvwqKv| `‡j †cv÷vi †ccvi I gvK©vi mieivn Kiæb|
3. `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i wb‡¤œi wba©vwiZ welqe¯‘i Dci †kÖwY I wkLbdj D‡jøLc~e©K GKwU cv‡Vi
wkLb-‡kLv‡bvq Kx Kx †KŠkj Aej¤^b Ki‡eb Ges Gi Rb¨ Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡eb Zvi
cwiKíbv †cv÷vi †ccv‡i wjL‡Z ejyb| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK mnvwqKv
e¨envi Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
`j-1: j¤^, mgvšÍivj †iLv, wewfbœ ai‡bi †KvY
`j-2: †KvY‡f‡` I evû‡f‡` wÎfzR
`j-3: wewfbœ ai‡bi PZzf©yR
`j-4: e„Ë
4. ch©vqµ‡g cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡`i `‡ji KvR mevi D‡Ï‡k Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z w`b| Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
Zv‡`i cwiKíbvi Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui
cv‡Vi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|

66
Ask L: cwiKwíZ c×wZ I †KŠkj Aej¤^b K‡i wewfbœ ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZ msµvšÍ
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv 45 wgwbU
1. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cwiKíbvgvwdK 10 wgwb‡Ui cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
2. †h `j cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †mB `‡ji me m`m¨ Ges Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv 1wU `‡ji mevB‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x
wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji mevB‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb ch©‡eÿY
Ki‡Z ejyb|
3. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l cv‡Vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mswÿß djveZ©b Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb
Kiæb|
Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿcKiY 05 wgwbU
1. Awa‡ekb †_‡K AwR©Z aviYv I `ÿZv¸‡jvi ZvwjKv Ki‡Z w`b|
2. K‡qKRb cÖwkÿYv_©x‡K Zv‡`i ZvwjKv mevi D‡Ï‡k wewbgq Ki‡Z ejyb|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡ÿc Kiyb|
4. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

67
 Awa‡ekb: 17 †ÿÎdj-1

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. †ÿÎ I †ÿÎd‡ji aviYv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wewfbœ ai‡bi PZzf©zR†ÿÎ I wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. GKB AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wewfbœ Dcv‡q wbY©q Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv, †Rvovq KvR, `jMZ KvR, gvB‡µv-wUwPs, †eªBb ÷wg©s|
DcKiY: wewfbœ AvK…wZi is Kiv KvW©, wewfbœ AvK…wZi Qwe/PvU©, cvV¨cy¯ÍK, Kg©cÎ, gvwëwgwWqv,
†nvqvBU †evW© BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: †ÿÎ I †ÿÎd‡ji aviYv 15 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m‡½ mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|
2. auvavwU w`‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvK…ó Kiæb| auvav
3. †h †Kv‡bv ¯’v‡b †hvM, we‡qvM, ¸Y ev fvM ewm‡q PviwU bq e¨envi K‡i djvdj 100 evbv‡Z
n‡e- Zvn‡j DËi Kx n‡e? (DËi: 9÷9 + 99 = 100)
4. wkLbdj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ K‡i Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|
5. cÖ_‡g is Kiv eM©vKvi, AvqZvKvi I wÎfzRvKvi KvW© †`wL‡q e¯‘¸‡jvi †ÿÎ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv
Rvb‡Z Pvb| c‡i e¯‘i †ÿÎdj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq Zv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g aviYv my¯úó Kiæb|

wbR wbR mxgv‡iLv Øviv Ave× RvqMv‡K H e¯‘i †ÿÎ e‡j|

GKwU mgZj c„‡ôi wbw`©ó mxgvbvi gv‡Si RvqMvwUi cwigvY‡K Gi †ÿÎdj ejv nq| Ab¨fv‡e ej‡Z
†M‡j cÖ‡Z¨K e¯‘i GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvc i‡q‡Q- GB cwigvcB †ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj|

6. wfZ‡i is Kiv GKwU eM©vKvi, GKwU AvqZvKvi, GKwU wÎfzRvKvi I GKwU e„ËvKvi Qwe AuvKv
KvW© †ev‡W© UvwO‡q w`‡q †Kvb QwewUi Kx bvg Ges is Kiv RvqMvUzKz‡K Kx e‡j Zv mevB‡K
wR‡Ám Kiæb| mwVK DËi cvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖvmw½K Av‡jvPbv ev cÖkœ Kiæb|

Qwe AuvKv Kvর্ ড cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i m¤¢ve¨ DËi

wP‡Îi Mvp is Kiv RvqMvUzKz GKwU eM©†ÿÎ Ges

mxgv‡iLv GKwU eM©|

wP‡Îi Mvp is Kiv RvqMvUzKz GKwU AvqZ†ÿÎ Ges

mxgv‡iLv GKwU AvqZ|

68
 wP‡Îi Mvp is Kiv RvqMvUzKz GKwU wÎfzR†ÿÎ Ges
mxgv‡iLv GKwU wÎfzR|

wP‡Îi Mvp is Kiv RvqMvUzKz GKwU e„ˆÿÎ Ges

mxgv‡iLv GKwU e„Ë|

Ask L: wewfbœ ai‡bi PZzf©zR†ÿÎ I wÎfzR†ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q 40 wgwbU

1. Gevi †ev‡W© GKwU eM©†ÿÎ AuvKzb hvi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 †m.wg.|
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kiæb
GB eM©†ÿÎwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 †m.wg.- Gi †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e?
cÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb 1 eM© †m.wg.|
eM©†ÿÎwUi cÖwZ evûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 wgUvi n‡j.- Gi †ÿÎdj KZ n‡e?
cÖwkÿYv_©xMY Avevi DËi†`‡eb 1 eM© wgUvi|
GKB ai‡bi AviI cÖkœ Kiæb|
cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ejyb, ˆ`N©¨ cwigvc‡K ˆ`N©¨ cwigvc w`‡q ¸Y K‡i eM©‡ÿ‡Îi
†ÿÎdj cvIqv hvq|
myZivs, eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = GK evûi ˆ`N©¨ × GK evûi ˆ`N©¨
eM© †m.wg., eM©wgUvi, eM©BwÂ, eM©dzU, eM©MR, eM©gvBj BZ¨vw` †ÿÎd‡ji
GKK|
e
চ চ চ
2 ‡mwg
চ চ চ

3 ‡mwg

2. Dc‡ii QwewU †ev‡W© AuvKzb| K L M N GKwU AvqZ†ÿÎ| Gi ˆ`N©¨ 3 †m.wg. cÖ¯’ 2 †m.wg.|
ˆ`N©¨ I cÖ¯’ eivei 1 †m. wg. ci¯úi †iLv †U‡b †ÿÎwU‡K fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z AvqZ†ÿÎwU
KqwU eM©ÿ‡Î wef³ n‡q‡Q?
cÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb 6wU (3×2=6)
eM©†ÿÎwUi cÖwZevûi ˆ`N©¨ 1 †m.wg, Zvn‡j †ÿÎdj KZ?
cÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb 1 eM© †m.wg.|
Zvn‡j AvqZ†ÿÎwUi †ÿÎdj KZ?
cÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb 6 eM© †m.wg.| (1 eM© †m.wg × 6= 6 †m.wg.)

69
ˆ`N©¨ cwigvc‡K cÖ¯’ cwigvc w`‡q ¸Y K‡i AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj cvIqv hvq|
myZivs, AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj = ˆ`N©¨ × cÖ¯’

3. cÖÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖkœ KiæbÑ wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv ej‡Z wK †ev‡Sb?

Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welqwU ¯úó Kiæb|

wÎfz‡Ri †h †Kv‡bv evû‡KB f‚wg aiv hvq| Avi f‚wg n‡Z wecixZ kx‡l©i
লম্বদূরত্বই wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv|

4. GKRb cÖwkÿYv_©xi nv‡Z GKwU AvqZKvi †cv÷KvW© w`b Ges KvW©wU wP‡Îi b¨vq wecixZ `yB
†KvY eivei KvU‡Z ejyb| Gevi wR‡Ám KiæbÑ
KqwU wÎfzR cvIqv †Mj?
wÎfzR¸‡jv wK †`L‡Z GKB iKg?
wÎfzR¸‡jv wKfv‡e ivL‡j ûeû wg‡j hv‡e?
wÎfzR `yÕwUi †ÿÎdj wK mgvb?

KqwU wÎfzR cvIqv †Mj? - 2wU

wÎfzR¸‡jv wK †`L‡Z GKB iKg? - nu¨v, GKB iKg
wÎfzR¸‡jv কীfv‡e ivL‡j ûeû wg‡j hv‡e? - GKwU wÎfzR†ÿ·K Aci GKwU wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi
Ici Ggbfv‡e ivLv n‡e hv‡Z ûeû wg‡j hvq|
wÎfzR `ywUi †ÿÎdj wK mgvb? - mgvb

N M

K L

5. AvuKv wPÎwU †`wL‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kiæb, mswkøó wP‡Î Kx †`L‡Z

cv‡”Qb?
cÖÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb- KLMN GKwU AvqZvKvi wPÎ|

70
 wK‡mi Øviv GB AvqZ†ÿÎwU mgvb cwigv‡ci `yÕwU wÎfz‡R fvM n‡q‡Q?
cÖÖwkÿYv_©xMY DËi†`‡eb- AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi KZ© ÔKMÕ Øviv †ÿÎwU‡K mgvb cwigv‡ci 2wU wÎfz‡R
wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Zvn‡j Avgiv wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj †ei Kie কীfv‡e?
AZtci †ev‡W© wjLyb
1
ÔKLMÕ wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj = (KLMN AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj)
2
1
= (KL×MN)
2
1
= (fzwg×D”PZv)
2

Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g PZzf©yRvKvi I wÎfzRvKvi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi aviYv

¯úó Kiæb|
6. 5wU `‡j fvM K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbw`©ó cwigv‡ci AvqZ†ÿÎ AuvK‡Z ejyb
Ges Zvi †_‡K wÎfzR‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki‡Z ejyb|

Ask M: GKB AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wewfbœ Dcv‡q wbY©q 30 wgwbU

1. cÖÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ejyb, wb‡Pi Qwe‡Z †gvUv jvBb w`‡q AuvKv †ÿÎwU GKwU †`vKvb N‡ii †g‡S|
cv‡k Gi cwigvc †`qv Av‡Q| Kx Kx fv‡e GB †g‡Si †ÿÎdj wbY©q Kiv hvq?
2. cÖ_‡g GKvKx wPšÍv Ki‡Z w`b| c‡i cv‡ki R‡bi m‡½ †Rvov ˆZwi K‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z w`b|
3. c‡i †h †Kv‡bv GKwU †Rvov †_‡K GKRb G‡m †h †Kv‡bv GKwU Dcv‡q mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi AvnŸvb
Rvbvb|
4. Gevi Ab¨vb¨ †Rvov †_‡KI GKRb K‡i G‡m wfbœ/weKí †Kv‡bv Dcv‡q mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi
AvnŸvb Rvbvb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|
5. wb‡Pi wPÎMy‡jv Ges mgm¨v-mgvavb¸‡jv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ejyb- GKB AvK…wZi
†Kv‡bv †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wewfbœ Dcv‡q †ei Kiv hvq|

71
 6. mshy³ IqvK© wkUwU (15.1) weZiY Kiæb Ges cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †ÿθ‡jvi †ÿÎdj †ei Ki‡Z
ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|
AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wÎfz‡Ri Dcwi As‡ki †ÿÎdj eo AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj
= ( 4×3) eM© wg. =(4×3) eM© wg.÷2 = ( 6×3) eM© wg.
= 12 eM© wg. = 6 eM© wg. = 18 eM© wg.
wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wÎfz‡Ri wb‡Pi As‡ki †ÿÎdj †QvU wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj
= (2×3) eM© wg.÷2 = (6×3) eM© wg.÷2 = (2×3) eM© wg.÷2
= 3 eM© wg. = 9 eM© wg. = 3 eM© wg.
†`vKv‡bi †ÿÎdj †`vKv‡bi †ÿÎdj †`vKv‡bi †ÿÎdj
= (12+3) eM© wg. = (6+9) eM© wg. = (18-3) eM© wg.
= 15 eM© wg. = 15 eM© wg. = 15 eM© wg.
DËi: 15 eM© wg. DËi: 15 eM© wg. DËi: 15 eM© wg.

Ask N: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡¶cKiY 5 wgwbU

1. GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i aviYv mg„× n‡q‡Q Zv Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K †R‡b wbb|
2. wdWe¨vK wbb Ges wkLbd‡ji m‡½ wgwj‡q †`Lyb|
3. Awa‡ekb m¤ú‡K© cÖwZwµqv Rvbyb Ges ab¨ev` Ávcb Kiæb|

72
 mnvqK Z_¨: 17 †ÿÎdj -1

Ask M: GKB/wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wewfbœ Dcv‡q wbY©q

IqvK© wkU: 15.1

wb‡Pi †ÿθ‡jvi Qwei cv‡k †ÿÎdj †ei Kiæb

†ÿÎ wb‡Pi duvKv RvqMvq †ÿÎdj wbY©q Kiæb

73
 Awa‡ekb: 18 †ÿÎdj-2

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`v‡b P¨v‡jÄ kbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. Dchy³ wkLb-†kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj AbymiY K‡i wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q
msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, cÖ`k©b, ‡eªBb ÷wg©s|
DcKiY: 4_© I 5g †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK-mnvwqKv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, gvK©vi,
gvwëwgwWqv BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`v‡b P¨v‡jÄ 25 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©xM‡Yi m‡½ mvjvg I ï‡f”Qv wewbgq Kiæb|
2. wb‡Pi mgm¨vwU mgvav‡bi ga¨ w`‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i g‡bv‡hvM AvK„ó Kiæb| mK‡j mgm¨vwU
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨vwU mgvav‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|

mgm¨v mgvavb
cv‡ki †ÿÎwU‡K GKB AvKv‡i
PviwU †ÿ‡Î fv‡M fvM Ki‡Z n‡e
hv‡`i me¸‡jvi mgvb †ÿÎdj|

6. wkLbdj m¤ú‡K© AeMZ K‡i Awa‡ekb ïiæ Kiæb|

7. wb¤œwjwLZ Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ me cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiæb|
 AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU wK?
 wÎfz‡Ri D”PZv ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS?
 wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU wK?
 U&ªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj wKfv‡e †ei Ki‡Z nq?
 Avcbviv wKfv‡e †ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|
 †ÿÎdj wbY©q wkÿv`v‡b Avcbviv Kx ai‡bi mgm¨vq c‡o _v‡Kb?
 cÖkœ¸‡jvi mwVK DËi cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv Kiæb Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g welq¸‡jv
my¯úó Kiæb|
74
Ask L: wewfbœ AvK…wZi †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges wkLb-†kLv‡bv
c×wZ I †KŠkj wPwýZKiY 60 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM Kiæb| `j¸‡jvi bvg Pvi ai‡bi R¨vwgwZK AvK…wZi bv‡g w`b|
†hgb- eM©, AvqZ, wÎfzR, UªvwcwRqvg | `j¸‡jv‡K wbR wbR bvg Abyhvqx †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q
msµvšÍ mgm¨v mgvavb wb‡q `jxq KvR Ki‡Z w`b
`j-1: eM© (eM©‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb)
`j-2: AvqZ (AvqZ‡ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb)
`j-3: wÎfzR (wÎfz‡Ri †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb)
`j-4: U&ªvwcwRqvg (UªvwcwRqv‡gi †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ mgm¨vi mgvavb)
2. cÖwkÿYv_©xM‡Yi mevi Kv‡Q PZz_©, cÂg †kÖwYi cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wkÿK-mnvwqKv wbwðZ
Kiæb| `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i mswkøó welqe¯‘i Ici GKwU †kÖÖwYi GKwU cvV wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|
`‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i cv‡Vi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z ejyb Ges cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ DcKiY ˆZwi/msMÖn
Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
3. cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ GKRb‡K wkÿK wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡i cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi
Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z ejyb|
4. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji wbe©vwPZ wkÿK‡K cwiKíbvgvwdK 15 wgwb‡Ui cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| †h `j
cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e †mB `‡ji me m`m¨ Ges Ab¨ †h †Kv‡bv 1wU `‡ji me m`m¨‡K cÖwkÿYv_©x
wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| Ab¨vb¨ `‡ji me m`m¨‡K g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i cvV Dc¯’vcb
ch©‡eÿY Ki‡Z ejyb|
5. cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l me `‡ji AskMÖn‡Y cv‡Vi wkLb †KŠkj, mej w`K I Dbœq‡bi
†ÿθ‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
6. me‡k‡l †cøbvwi‡Z Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi †ÿÎdj wbY©q msµvšÍ cvV wKfv‡e djcÖm~ I
Kvh©Kifv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq Zv my¯úó Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡¶cKiY 05 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Kiyb|
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

75
 Awa‡ekb: 19 DcvË Dc¯’vcb

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. DcvË msMÖn I web¨¯ÍÍKi‡Yi aviYv I wk¶v`vb †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. †jLwP‡Îi aviYv I wk¶v`vb †KŠkj Dc¯_vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1:30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv I cÖ‡kœvËi BZ¨vw`|
DcKiY: cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶K mnvwqKv, gvwëwgwWqv, †cv÷vi †ccvi, wba©vwiZ QK BZ¨vw`|
Ask K: DcvË msMÖn I web¨¯ÍKiY 45wgwbU
1. cÖÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wRÁvmv Kiæb, †K †Kvb dj me‡P‡q †ewk cQ›` K‡ib? cÖ_‡g, cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i
¯^vaxbfv‡e ej‡Z w`b, †K Kx ai‡bi dj cQ›` K‡i (Avg, Kjv, Av‡cj, AvOzi, Kgjv, A_ev Ab¨
†h †Kv‡bv dj)| Zvici cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb †h, Avgiv Kxfv‡e †ei Kie| †Kvb dj me‡P‡q
†ewk wk¶v_x© cQ›` K‡i| †Kvb c×wZ‡Z †ei Ki‡Z cvwi, G wel‡q cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wPšÍv Ki‡Z w`b
Ges Zv‡`i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| wk¶v_x©‡`i cÖZ¨vwkZ DËi n‡Z cv‡i:
- cÖ‡Z¨K cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i GKRb GKRb K‡i wR‡Ám Ki‡Z n‡e, Zviv Kx dj me‡P‡q
†ewk cQ›` K‡i|
- cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i me‡P‡q †ewk cQ‡›`i dj Kx Zv wR‡Ám K‡i, nvZ Zzj‡Z e‡j|

2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gZvgZ msMªn K‡i †ev‡W© wjLyb| Zvici cÖvß djvdj wb¤œiƒc mviwY‡Z wjLyb|
d‡ji bvg cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i msL¨v

wk¶v_x©‡`i ejyb †h, Avgiv cwi®‹vifv‡e djvdj Rvb‡Z G ai‡bi mviYx e¨envi Kwi|

3. Gevi cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i K‡qKRb‡K 4_©/5g †kÖwYi cÖwkÿYv_©x wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb| Zv‡`i
cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v wR‡Ám Kiæb Ges msM„nxZ Z_¨ †ev‡W© wjLyb| (G cv‡Vi Rb¨ wb‡Pi msL¨v¸‡jv
D`vniY¯^iƒc †`Iqv n‡jv)|
5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 3, 6, 6, 8, 2, 5, 6, 2, 5, 7,
4, 3, 6, 8, 4, 6, 3, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5
4. 5 Rb K‡i m`m¨ KZRb wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q Zv wk¶v_x©‡`i MYbv Ki‡Z w`b| wk¶v_x©iv

76
 Kxfv‡e MYbv K‡i Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb| ( †Kv‡bv wKQy e¨envi bv K‡i MYbv K‡i‡Q? A_ev AvOzj
e¨envi K‡i? A_ev †bvULvZvq `vM w`‡q?) me wk¶v_x© †hb DËi †`q| 5 Rb K‡i m`m¨ 7 Rb
wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡i Av‡Q|
5. wk¶v_x©‡`i wR‡Ám Kiæb, Zviv Kxfv‡e MYbv Ki‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv wk¶v_x© cÖwZK ev `vM e¨envi K‡i,
Zvn‡j Zv †kÖwYi Ab¨vb¨ mevi m‡½ gZwewbgq Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb| Zv‡`i aviYv wewbgq Kivi ci
wk¶v_x©‡`i ejyb:
ÔÔAvgiv A‡bK msL¨v MYbv Kivi mgq gv‡S gv‡S msL¨v fz‡j hvB| GRb¨ msL¨v MYbvi mgq
Zvi †iKW© ivLvi Rb¨ Avgiv GK ai‡bi `vM e¨envi Kwi|ÕÕ
wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiPq Kxfv‡e U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks) w`‡Z nq Zv †`wL‡q w`b| wb‡¤œ cÖ`wk©Z
D`vniYMy‡jv w`b:
1 2 5 6 10 13

6. wb‡Pi mviwYwU †ev‡W© wjLyb Ges U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks) e¨envi K‡i 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, Ges 8 Rb
m`m¨ msL¨v K‡i KZRb wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q Zv wk¶v_x©‡`i MYbv Ki‡Z w`b| wk¶v_x©iv
Kxfv‡e U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks) e¨envi K‡i MYbv Ki‡Q Zv ch©‡e¶Y Kiæb| wk¶v_x©‡`i G‡K
A‡b¨i djvdj cix¶v Ki‡Z mnvqZv Kiæb|
7. wk¶v_x©‡`i †`Iqv DËi e¨envi K‡i wb‡Pi mviwY c~iY Kiæb|
cwiev‡ii U¨vwj wk¶v_x©‡`i msL¨v
m`m¨ msL¨v
2 3
3 5
4 4
5 7
6 6
7 3
8 2
wk¶v_x©‡`i msL¨vi †hvMdj mwVK wKbv Zv cix¶v Kiæb|
8. wk¶v_x©‡`i mviwYwU ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z w`b Ges mviwY †_‡K wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb| †hgb:
- GKwU cwiev‡i m`m¨ msL¨v Ab¨ cwiev‡ii †P‡q KZ †ewk?
- GKwU cwiev‡i m`m¨ msL¨v Ab¨ cwiev‡ii †P‡q KZ Kg?
- Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wKQy Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q wK?
mviwY †_‡K Zv‡`i †h †Kv‡bv Luy‡R cvIqv Z_¨ MªnY Kiæb|
9. cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM K‡i,cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K GKwU DcvË msMÖn I web¨¯ZKiY msµvšÍ GKwU
mgm¨v (3 Gi Abyiƒc) cÖ`vb Kiæb| Gici `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ DcvË msMÖn I web¨¯ÍKiY
†kÖwY‡Z †kLv‡bvi †KŠkj Dc¯_vc‡bi cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 5 wgwbU mgq cÖ`vb Kiæb| ˆ`ePq‡bi wfwˇZ

77
 †h †Kv‡bv GKwU `j †_‡K GKRb‡K cÖvß mgm¨vwUi †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wmgy‡jkb-Gi gva¨‡g Dc¯_vcb
Ki‡Z 10 wgwbU mgq cÖ`vb Kiæb| Dc¯_vcb †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Ask L: †jLwP‡Îi aviYv I wk¶v`vb †KŠkj 40 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †jLwPÎ wK I †Kb? †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv w`b| Zv‡`i ejyb †h, wewfbœ Z_¨wP‡Îi
mvnv‡h¨ mwbœ‡ek Kivi bvg †jLwPÎ| Z_¨mg~‡ni ˆewkó¨ mnR I my‡eva¨ K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ msM„nxZ
Z‡_¨i ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ mymsMwVZ wPÎiƒc‡K †jLwPÎ e‡j| †jLwP‡Îi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg
I Ab¯^xKvh©|
 GKwU †jLwPÎ nvRviwU ev‡K¨i eY©bv †_‡KI †ewk A_©en|
 MvwYwZK Z_¨ A‡c¶v Bnvi wPÎ AwaK AvKl©Yxq I mnR‡eva¨|
 †jLwPÎ †`‡L Ges e¨vL¨v K‡i mswkøó wel‡q mvgwMÖK aviYv AR©b mnR|
 GK bR‡i Z_¨ msµvšÍ ˆewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ †jLwPÎ mnvqK|
 `yB ¸”Q Z_¨ Zzjbv Ki‡Z †jLwPÎ me©vwaK Kvh©Ki|
 †jLwPÎ A¼‡bi gva¨‡g m…RbkxjZvi weKvk N‡U|
 M‡elYvq cÖvß Z_¨ web¨vm I djvdj we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ †jLwPÎ AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

2. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wb¤œiƒc Z_¨ Dc¯’vcb I Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g †jLwP‡Î mvnv‡h¨ Z‡_¨i web¨vm eyS‡Z
mnvqZv Kiæb|
†jLwP‡Î mvnv‡h¨ Z‡_¨i web¨vm:
 †Kv‡bv GKwU†kÖwY‡Z wkÿ‡Ki MwYZ cvV`v‡b 50 Rb wk¶v_©xi cv‡Vi cÖwZ gvbwmKZv
wbgœiƒc:

30 Rb Lye Lywk 10 Rb †gvUvgywU Lywk 10 Rb ALywk

 GLv‡b Z_¨mg~n wPÎ Øviv mwbœ‡ek Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvB G‡K wPÎ †jL ev Pictorial
Graph e‡j|
 GLv‡b cÖwZ 10 Rb wk¶v_©xi Rb¨ GKwU wPÎ AvuKv n‡q‡Q| Avevi G Z_¨ Ab¨fv‡e
web¨vm Kiv hvq| GLv‡b Z_¨‡K ¯Í‡¤¢i AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB G‡K ¯Í¤¢ †jL
e‡j| GLv‡b GK Ni‡K 10 Rb wk¶v_©x aiv n‡q‡Q|

Lye Lywk †gvUvgywU Lywk ALywk

78
MwYZ cv‡Vi wk¶v_©x‡`i gvbwmKZvi GB Z_¨ Z…Zxq GKwU c×wZ e¨envi K‡i web¨vm Kiv hvq| Z_¨mg~n
e„‡Ë web¨vm K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡j, Zv‡K e„Ë MÖvd ev cvBMÖvd e‡j| Dc‡i Z‡_¨i web¨vm †_‡K Bnv ¯úóZ
cÖZxqgvb nq †h, †jLwPÎ †gvUvgywU wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: wPÎ †jL, ¯Í¤¢ †jL I e„Ë †jL| G Qvov
†jLwP‡Îi Av‡iv cÖKvi‡f` i‡q‡Q| cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wPÎ †jL I ¯Í¤¢ †jL A¼b m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
GKvšÍ Avek¨K|
3. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i †jLwPÎ A¼b wkLb-†kLv‡bv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| Kj¨v›`x miKvwi cÖv_wgK
we`¨vj‡qi cvuPwU †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_x©i msL¨v wbgœiƒc:
†kÖwY wk¶v_x©i msL¨v
cÖ_g †kÖwY 120 Rb
wØZxq †kÖwY 105 Rb
Z…Zxq †kÖwY 90 Rb
PZz_© †kÖwY 80 Rb
cÂg †kÖwY 65 Rb

†jLwP‡Îi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hvq, wk¶v_x©‡`i KvQ †_‡K Zv‡`i gZvgZ msMÖn Kiæb|
গ
msL¨v
1g
2q
3q
4_©
5g

ক খ

 KL I KM ci¯ci j¤^fv‡e `yBwU †iLv AvuKzb|

 KL †iLvi Dci 1 †mwg `~‡i `~‡i cvuPwU `vM KvUyb|
 GK GKwU Ni‡K cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© I cÂg †kÖwY iƒ‡c we‡ePbv Kiæb|
 KM eivei cÖwZ Ni‡K 10 Rb wk¶v_x© a‡i `v‡Mi cv‡k 20, 40, 60---------- 120 ch©šÍ wjLyb|
 cÖ‡Z¨K †kÖwYi Dc‡i wk¶v_x©i msL¨v Abymv‡i ¯Í¤¢ AvuKzb| †hgb, cÖ_g †kÖwY‡Z 120 Rb wk¶v_x©
Av‡Q| cÖwZ N‡ii gvb 20| myZivs NimsL¨v 6| Abyiƒcfv‡e wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_© Ges cÂg †kÖwYi
Rb¨ ¯Í¤¢ †jL A¼b Kiæb| ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv fivU Kiæb| ¯Í¤¢¸‡jvi cÖ¯’ Ges GK ¯Í¤¢ n‡Z Ab¨ ¯Í‡¤¢i `yiZ¡ †hb
mgvb nq| ¯Í¤†¢ jL Dj¤^ (Vertical) I Avbyf~wgK (Horizontal) Dfqfv‡e A¼b Kiv hvq|
wk¶v_x©‡`i wb‡gœi cÖkœ¸‡jv Kiæb|
 †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_x©i msL¨v me‡P‡q †ewk?
 †Kvb †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_x©i msL¨v me‡P‡q Kg?
 MÖvdwU m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ Rvbyb|

79
 4. cÖwk¶Yv_©x‡`i 4wU `‡j fvM K‡i, cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K bx‡Pi mgm¨vwU cÖ`vb Kiæb|
mgm¨v: eMv©Pvwl civb gÐj MZ eQi cvuP ai‡bi dmj †c‡q‡Q| dm‡ji cwigvY wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Iqv
n‡jv| Q‡Ki DcvË AbymiY K‡i ¯Í¤¢‡jL A¼b Kiæb|

dmj cwigvY (KzB›Uvj)

avb 105
cvU 92
Mg 86
†Qvjv 73
Wvj 58

5. Gici `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwˇZ ¯Í¤¢‡jL A¼b †KŠkj †kÖwY‡Z Dc¯_vc‡bi cÖ¯‘wZi Rb¨ 5 wgwbU
mgq cÖ`vb Kiæb| ˆ`ePq‡bi wfwˇZ †h †Kv‡bv GKwU `j †_‡K GKRb‡K cÖvß mgm¨vwUi
(¯Í¤¢‡jL A¼b) †kLv‡bv †KŠkj wmgy‡jkb Gi gva¨‡g Dc¯_vcb Ki‡Z 10 wgwbU mgq cÖ`vb
Kiæb| Dc¯_vcb †k‡l cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b cÖ`vb Kiæb|

Ask M: Awa‡ek‡bi mvims‡¶cKiY 5 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvˇii gva¨‡g Awa‡ek‡bi mvi-ms‡ÿc Kiyb|
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb mgvß Kiæb|

80
 mnvqK Z_¨: 19 DcvË Dc¯’vcb

19.0 DcvË cÖ`k©b (Data Display)

DcvË msMÖn (Collecting Data) I web¨¯ÍKiY wkÿv`vb
wk¶v_x©‡`i cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b msL¨vi aviYvi Ici wfwË K‡i PZz_© †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i cwimsL¨v‡bi aviYv
†`Iqv n‡q‡Q| G Aa¨v‡q wkLb †kLv‡bvi mgq †mB mKj w`‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv DwPZ, hv wk¶v_x©‡`i
DrmvwnZ Ki‡e Ges Zvi cvwicvwk©¦K cwimsL¨vbMZ cwiwPwZ †_‡K AwR©Z Z_¨ ev DcvË I NUb msL¨vi
mviwY †_‡K Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †h‡nZz cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v_x©‡`i Kv‡Q G aviYv G‡Kev‡iB
bZzb, ZvB Zviv †hb eyS‡Z cv‡i cwimsL¨vb Zv‡`i Rxe‡bi evB‡ii wKQz bq|
4_© †kªYx 5g †kªYx

Mo HwKK wbqg

kZKiv

DcvË msMÖn I web¨¯ÍKiY DcvË web¨¯ÍKiY

‡jLwPÎ
‡jLwPÎ

RbmsL¨v

wk¶v_x©‡`i gZvg‡Zi Ici wfwË K‡i Z_¨ ev DcvË msMÖn Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †hgb, we`¨vj‡qi wewfbœ DcvË
Ges wk¶v_x©‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb †_‡K wewfbœ DcvË, cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v, cwievi-cwiR‡bi msL¨v,
wk¶v_x©‡`i IRb, D”PZv, cix¶vq cÖvß b¤^i BZ¨vw` †_‡K DcvË msMÖn Kiv hvq|
wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v wR‡Ám K‡i wb‡gœi msL¨v¸‡jv cvIqv †Mj|
5, 3, 5, 7, 4, 3, 6, 6, 8, 2, 5, 6, 2, 5, 7
4, 3, 6, 8, 4, 6, 3, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 5, 5
PviRb K‡i m`m¨ KZRb wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q Zv Zv‡`i MYbv Ki‡Z ejyb| Avgiv A‡bK
mgq MYbv Kivi mgq gv‡S gv‡S msL¨v fz‡j hvB| GRb¨ msL¨v MYvbvi mgq †iKW© ivLvi Rb¨ Avgiv
GK ai‡bi `vM e¨envi Kwi| G `vM‡K U¨vwj e‡j| wb‡gœ U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks) †`Iqvi c×wZ
D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv-
1 2 5 6 11 15
I II IIII IIII I IIII IIII I IIII IIII IIII

wbgœiƒc mviwYwU U¨vwj wPý e¨envi K‡i 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Ges 8 Rb m`m¨ msL¨v K‡i KZRb
wk¶v_x©‡`i cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ Av‡Q Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|
81
 cwiev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v U¨vwj wk¶v_x©‡`i msL¨v
2 III 3
3 IIII 5
4 IIII 4
5 IIII II 7
6 IIII I 6
7 III 3
8 II 2

D`vniY- 1: wb‡P 20 Rb †jv‡Ki IRb (†K.wR.) cÖ`Ë n‡jv| Dcv˸‡jv web¨¯Í Kiæb|
60, 30, 40, 50, 20, 40, 30, 50, 20, 30, 40, 60, 20, 40, 30, 50, 20, 30, 20,
30|
mgvavbt
IRb (†K.wR) U¨vwj †jvKmsL¨v
20 IIII 5
30 IIII I 6
40 IIII 4
50 III 3
60 II 2
†gvU =20

D`vniY-2: MZ eQ‡ii 30 Rb wk¶v_x©i MwYZ wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i wbgœiƒc

87 43 68 59 57 78 95 92 60 84
37 69 64 48 43 56 67 58 27 75
68 80 75 45 48 76 32 56 44 63

hLb †¯‹vi¸‡jvi msL¨v Aí nq ZLb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zzjbv Kiv ev Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© GKUv mgMÖ aviYv MVb
Kiv m¤¢e nq| wKš‘ hLb †¯‹vi¸‡jvi msL¨v A‡bK nq ZLb †¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K k„•Ljve×fv‡e bv mvRv‡j †m¸‡jv
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q A_©nxb †¯‹vi mgwóB †_‡K hvq Ges we‡kl †Kv‡bv †¯‹vi mg‡Ü aviYv MVb Kiv hvq bv|
GLv‡b †¯‹vi¸‡jv Aweb¨¯Í (Raw) Ae¯’vq Av‡Q| †¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K †QvU †_‡K eo µgvbymv‡i mvRv‡j `vuovq:
27 32 37 43 43 44 45 48 48 56
56 57 58 59 60 63 64 67 68 68
69 75 75 76 78 80 84 87 92 95

82
†¯‹vi¸‡jv mvRv‡bvi ci Av‡Mi †_‡K mnR g‡b n‡”Q| wKš‘ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK cix¶v_x© GKB †¯‹vi cÖvß
nIqvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡cw¶K Ae¯’vb wbiƒc‡Y Amyweavq co‡Z nq Ges mvgvb¨B A_© †evSv hvq| Avevi
GKwU GKwU K‡i †¯‹vi mvRv‡j †ewk ¯’vb jv‡M| Giƒc cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K GKwU wbw`©ó wbq‡g †kÖwYe×
K‡i wb‡Z nq|
wk¶v_x©i msL¨v
†kÖwY e¨eavb (Class Intervels) U¨vwjwPý (Tally Marks)
(Frequency)
20-29
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-69
70-79
80-89
90-99

c~‡e©i mviwYwU Aweb¨¯Í Ges eZ©gvb mviwYwU †kÖwYe×fv‡e mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| †¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K mvRv‡Z n‡j
cÖ_‡g we¯Í…wZ †ei Ki‡Z n‡e|
GLv‡b we¯Í…wZ = (e„nËg †¯‹vi - ¶z`ªZg †¯‹vi) + 1
= (95-27)+1
= 68+1
= 69

wØZxq av‡c †kÖwY e¨eavb †ei K‡i †kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v wbY©q Ki‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b †kÖwY e¨eavb 10 †bIqv
n‡j †kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v n‡e,
we¯Í … wZ 69
†kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v = = 10 = 6.9
‡ kª Yx e¨eavb
†kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v fMœvs‡ki Rb¨ c~Y© msL¨v a‡i wb‡Z nq| †Kv‡bv eȇb †kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v 7 n‡Z 20
Gi g‡a¨ ivLvB †kÖq Ges †kÖwY e¨eavb ˆ`N©¨ ev AvK…wZ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 ev 20 Gi g‡a¨ n‡e| GLv‡b
mewbgœ †¯‹vi 27, †kÖwY e¨eavb ˆ`N©¨ 10 wb‡q 20 w`‡q †kÖwY e¨eavb ïiæ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_©vr †h †kÖwY
e¨eavb †bqv n‡e Zvi †h ¸wYZKwU †¯‹vi ¸‡”Qi me©wbgœ †¯‹v‡ii wbKUZg n‡e †mwU w`‡q †kÖwY e¨eavb ïiæ
Ki‡Z n‡e| K‡qKwU msL¨v wbB †hgb, 37, 63 I 80| wk¶v_x©‡`i Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z w`b †h G msL¨v¸‡jv
†Kv‡bv †kÖwY e¨eav‡b i‡q‡Q?
Zvici †¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K ci ci U¨vwj `vM †K‡U wbR wbR †kÖwY‡Z AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvwjKvfz³ cÖ‡Z¨K
†kÖwY e¨eav‡bi U¨vwjyMy‡jv‡K †hvM K‡i wdª‡Kv‡qwÝ ev NUbmsL¨v wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q|

83
 [ we‡kl `ªóe¨]
PZz_© †kÖwYi wk¶v_x©‡`i Rb¨ wb‡R †kÖwY e¨eavb †ei Kiv †ek RwUj e‡j, ZvB Av‡M †_‡KB †kÖwYe¨eavb
†ei K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib| GQvovI cÖ`Ë Dcv‡Ëi Rb¨ A‡bK iK‡gi †kÖwY e¨eavb †ei Kiv hvq| †hgb:
0-25, 26-50, 51-75 Ges 76-100|

†kÖwY e¨eavb Abymv‡i U¨vwj wPý e¨envi K‡i msL¨v¸‡jv MYbv K‡i wk¶v_x©‡`i LvwjNi c~iY Ki‡Z w`b|
†kÖwY e¨eavb (Class Intervals) U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks)) wk¶v_x© msL¨v (Frequency)
20-29 I 1
30-39 II 2
40-49 IIII I 6
50-59 IIII 5
60-69 IIII II 7
70-79 IIII 4
80-89 III 3
90-99 II 2

D`vniYt wb‡Pi 30 Rb wk¶v_x©i MwYZ wel‡q cÖvß b¤^i †`Iqv Av‡Q| Dcv˸‡jv web¨¯Í Kiæb|
71, 75, 63, 75, 51, 75, 57, 75, 52, 70, 75, 72, 58, 63, 69, 71, 60, 61, 69, 53, 52,
72, 72, 72, 52, 63, 54, 55, 55, 69|
mgvavbt GLv‡b, m‡ev©”P b¤^i 75, me©wbgœ b¤^i 51
myZivs cwimi = (75 - 51)= 24+1 = 25
†kÖwY e¨eavb msL¨v 5 n‡j, †kÖwY e¨eavb ˆ`N©¨ n‡e = 25  5 = 5|
‡h‡nZz me©wbgœ †¯‹vi 51, 5 †kÖwY e¨eavb wb‡j 50 n‡Z ïiæ Kiv hvq|

†kÖwY e¨eavb (Class Intervals) U¨vwj wPý (Tally Marks)) wk¶v_x© msL¨v
(Frequency)
50-54 IIII I 6
55-59 IIII 4
60-64 IIII 5
65-69 III 3
70-74 IIII II 7
75-79 IIII 5
mgm¨v: eMv©Pvwl civb gÐj MZ eQi cvuP ai‡bi dmj †c‡q‡Q| dm‡ji cwigvY wb‡Pi Q‡K †`Iqv
n‡jv| Q‡Ki DcvË AbymiY K‡i ¯Í¤¢‡jL A¼b Kiæb|

84
 dmj cwigvY (KzB›Uvj)
avb 105
cvU 92
Mg 86
‡Qvjv 73
Wvj 58

mgvavbt
 ci¯úi `yBwU j¤^vjw¤^ †iLv KL I KM AvuKzb|
 KL †iLvi Ici cÖwZ 1 †mwg `~i‡Z¡ cvuPwU `vM KvUzb|
 GK GKwU Ni‡K wewfbœ dmj †hgb avb, cvU, Mg, †Qvjv I Wvjiƒ‡c we‡ePbv Kiæb|
 KM †iLvi cÖwZ Ni‡K 10 KzB›Uvj a‡i `v‡Mi cv‡k 0, 20, 40,60, 80, 100, 120 ch©šÍ wjLyb|

GLb cÖ‡Z¨K dm‡ji bv‡gi Ic‡i dm‡ji cwigvY Abymv‡i ¯Í¤¢ AvuKzb| ¯Í¤¢¸‡jv fivU Kiæb| ¯Í¤¢¸‡jvi
cÖ¯’ Ges GK ¯Í¤¢ n‡Z Ab¨ ¯Í‡¤¢i `~iZ¡ mgvb nq| Giƒ‡c cÖvß mvgwMÖK wPÎwU cÖ`Ë Dcv‡Ëi ¯Í¤¢‡jL|

cwigvY (KzB›Uvj)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
avb cvU Mg ‡Qvjv Wvj
cwigvY (KzB›Uvj) 105 92 86 73 58

Z_¨m~Î:
1. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wkÿv`vb, wWwcGW (Gm‡K I wc‡K, 2012), RvZxq cÖv_wgK wkÿv GKv‡Wwg,
cÖ_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq|
2. welqwfwËK (MwYZ) cÖwkÿY g¨vbyqvj, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, cÖv_wgK I MYwkÿv gš¿Yvjq,
XvKv|
3. wUwPs c¨v‡KR (4_© †kÖwY), RvBKv mv‡cvU© †cÖvMvg, wcBwWwc3, cÖv_wgK wkÿv Awa`ßi, XvKv|

85
 Awa‡ekb: 20 cvV cwiKíbv I cvV Abykxjb

wkLbdj:
GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwkÿYv_x©MY
K. cÖv_wgK MwYZ wk¶vq cvV cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. cvV cwiKíbvi wewfbœ avc wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. cvV cwiKíbv AbymiY K‡i cÖv_wgK MwYZ cvV Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
mgq: 1.30 NÈv
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvB‡µv-wUwPs, †eªBb ÷wg©s, cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv|
DcKiY: mnvqK Z_¨, cvV¨-cy¯ÍK, gvwëwgwWqv, †nvqvBU †evW©, gvK©vi|
Ask K: cvV-cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ 10 wgwbU
1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i ï‡f”Qv Rvwb‡q ejyb- cvV cwiKíbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? †Kb cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ej‡Z cvi‡j ab¨ev` w`b| hw` bv cv‡i Z‡e cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i DËi cÖ`v‡b mnvqZv
Kiæb Ges AvcwbI Av‡jvPbvq Ask wbb|
2. †kÖwY‡Z cvV Dc¯’vc‡b Avek¨Kxq Ask wn‡m‡e cvV cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j ai‡eb| eyS‡Z mnvqZv
Kiæb †h, †kÖwYcv‡V cvV cwiKíbv nj †bŠKvi nv‡ji gZ hv †kÖwYcvV‡K Kvw•LZ j‡ÿ¨i w`‡K
cwiPvwjZ K‡i|
cÖkœ Kiyb: cvV Dc¯’vcb Kivi Rb¨ wkÿK mnvwqKv wkÿK‡K Kxfv‡e mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i?
3. cÖ‡kœvˇi Av‡jvPbv K‡i MwYZ wkÿvq cvV cwiKíbvi ¸iæZ¡ Zz‡j aiæb|

Ask L: cvV cwiKíbvi wewfbœ avc wPwýZKiY 10 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i 4/5 Rb‡K wRÁvmv Kiæb - †kÖwY Kvh©µg Zviv Kxfv‡e ïiæ
K‡ib? cÖ‡kœi DËi Kx n‡Z cv‡i †m wel‡q Avcwb wb‡RI mnvqZv Kiæb |
2. wk¶K mnvwqKv mieivn K‡i †h †Kv‡bv GKwU cvV fv‡jvfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z ejyb Gi KvVv‡gv
Kx iKg Zv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiæb|
3. cvV cwiKíbv cwigvR©‡bi mgq wk¶K‡K †Kvb †Kvb w`‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e Zv ej‡Z ejyb|
cÖ‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiæb|

Ask M: cvV cwiKíbv cwigvR©b I Abykxjb 65 wgwbU

1. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i AvKl©Yxq bv‡g A_ev 1, 2, 3 Gfv‡e MYbv K‡i 6wU `‡j fvM Kiæb Ges `‡j
em‡Z ejyb| AZtci wb‡¤œi ZvwjKv Abyhvqx wkÿK mnvwqKv/wUwPs c¨v‡KR-Gi cvV cwiKíbv
Abyhvqx cvV`v‡bi Rb¨ (cÖ‡qvR‡bi cvV cwiKíbv cwigvR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡e) cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z
ejyb| `jwfwËK †kÖwY Abyhvqx cvV¨cy¯ÍK, wkÿK mnvwqKv I cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY mieivn Kiæb|

86
 bgybv `jwfwËK Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv/mnvq‡Ki cQ›`g‡Zv n‡Z cv‡i|
`j bs 1- 3q †kÖwY- †hvM
`j bs 2- 3q †kÖwY- we‡qvM
`j bs 3- 3q †kÖwY-¸Y
`j bs 4- 4_© †kÖwY -mvaviY fMœvsk
`j bs 5- 5g †kÖwY -`kwgK fMœvsk
`j bs 6- 5g †kÖwY- kZKiv
2. ˆ`ePq‡bi gva¨‡g †h †Kv‡bv `yBwU `j‡K ci ci 15 wgwbU Abykxjb Ki‡Z w`b|
3. `‡ji wbe©vwPZ GKRb m`m¨ wkÿK wn‡m‡e cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges †kÖwYi K‡qKRb‡K ch©‡eÿK
wn‡m‡e †i‡L evwK‡`i QvÎ wn‡m‡e f~wgKvwfbq Ki‡Z ejyb|
4. cÖwZwU Dc¯’vcb †k‡l mevB‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq djveZ©b w`‡q Zv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z ejyb|
5. cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ wbR wbR `‡ji Kv‡R cÖ‡qvRbxq ms‡kvab AšÍf©z³ Ki‡Z ejyb|
6. Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cvV cwiKíbv e¨envi K‡i cvV`vb I Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© mevi aviYv my¯úó Kiæb|

Ask N: Awa‡ekb g~j¨vqb 5 wgwbU

1. wb‡¤œ-DwjøwLZ cÖk¸œ ‡jv K‡i cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i wkLb g~j¨vqb Kiæb|
K) cvV cwiKíbv Kx?
L) cvV cwiKíbv ¸iæZ¡ Kx?
M) cvV cwiKíbvi avcmg~n e¨vL¨v Kiæb?
N) †kÖwYK‡ÿ Kvh©Kifv‡e cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ wkÿK wn‡m‡e Kx Kiv cÖ‡qvRb?
2. mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Kiæb|

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 mnvqK Z_¨: 20 cvV cwiKíbv I cvV Abykxjb

Ask K: cvV cwiKíbv

†Kv‡bv KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ mywPwšÍZ avivevwnK cÖwµqv iƒc‡iLvB n‡jv cwiKíbv| †h †Kv‡bv
KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡j Zv Aek¨B c~e©cwiKwíZ n‡Z nq| †kÖwYK‡ÿ wkÿK wbw`©ó wkLbdj
AR©‡bi Rb¨ cvV Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GB cvV Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wkÿK cÖwkÿYv_©xi AvPi‡Yi
cwieZ©b NUvb| wkÿK Av‡M †_‡KB cwiKíbv Ki‡eb wZwb Kx †kLv‡eb? Kxfv‡e †kLv‡eb? Kv‡K
†kLv‡eb? †Kb †kLv‡eb?
†kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖwkÿYv_©x‡`i mvg‡b GKwU we‡kl cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wjwLZ iƒcwU n‡jv ˆ`bw›`b
cvV cwiKíbv| cwiKwíZ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg n‡”Q wkÿvµg ev¯Íevq‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask|
mwVK, wbf©yj I mh‡Zœ ˆZwiK…Z cvV cwiKíbvB cv‡i wkLbdj Abymv‡i cÖwkÿYv_©xi wkLb‡K wbwðZ
Ki‡Z|
myôz cvV cwiKíbv GKRb wkÿK‡K Zuvi cv‡Vi cÖwZwU avc gvbmc‡U †`L‡Z (visualization) AwMÖg
mvnvh¨ K‡i, d‡j wkÿK fv‡jv cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zuvi mdjZv e„w× K‡i| cvV cwiKíbv GKRb
`ÿ wkÿK‡K Zuvi c~e©eZ©x cv‡Vi fv‡jv-g›` we‡kølY Kivi Rb¨ Z_¨ mieivn K‡i hv Zuvi cieZ©x cvV‡K
DbœZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

mgvß

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