MODEL EXAMINATION

Class : XII PHYSICS (042) Time Allowed : 3 Hrs.

Date : 04/01/2025 SET 1 Maximum Marks : 70

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four
marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in
Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. 𝑐 = 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
ii. 𝑚𝑒 = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
iii. 𝑚𝑝 = 1.7 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔
iv. 𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
v. µ0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝑇 𝑚 𝐴−1
vi. ℎ = 6.63 × 10−34 𝐽𝑠
vii. 𝜀0 = 8.854 × 10−12 𝐶 2 𝑁 −1 𝑚−2
viii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

I SECTION – A (16 × 1 = 16)

The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one
correct answer. Each question carries 1 mark. There is no internal
choice in this section.
1. The potential on the hollow sphere of radius 1 𝑚 is 100 volt. The potential at
1/4 𝑚 from the centre of sphere is
(a) 1000 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 (b) 500 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 (c) 250 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 (d) 0 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
2. If Ea be the electric field strength of a short dipole at a point on its axial line
and Ee that on equatorial line at the same distance, then
(a) 𝐸𝑒 = 2𝐸𝑎 (b) 𝐸𝑎 = 2𝐸𝑒 (c) 𝐸𝑎 = 𝐸𝑒 (d) None of these
3. A Young’s double slit set up for interference is shifted from air to within
water, then the fringe width
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 (a) Becomes infinite (b) Decreases
(c) Increases (d) Remain unchanged
4. A narrow slit of width 2𝑚𝑚 is illuminated by monochromatic light of
wavelength 500𝑛𝑚. The distance between the first minima on either side on
a screen at a distance of 1𝑚 is
(a) 5𝑚𝑚 (b) 0.5𝑚𝑚 (c) 1𝑚𝑚 (d) 10𝑚𝑚
5. Two lenses are placed in contact with each other and the focal length of
combination is 80 𝑐𝑚. If the focal length of one is 20 𝑐𝑚, then the power of
the other will be
(a) 1.66 𝐷 (b) 4.00 𝐷 (c) −1.00 𝐷 (d) −3.75 𝐷
6. In the following, which one of the diodes is reverse biased?
-12 V
+ 10 V

(a) (b) R
R

+ 5 V - 10 V

+ 5V

(c) R (d)
- 10 V

7. The impedance of a series 𝐿𝐶𝑅 circuit is

1 1
(a) 𝑅 + 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐶 (b) √ 2 + + 𝑅2
𝑥𝐶 𝑥𝐿2

(c) √𝑋𝐿2 − 𝑋𝐶2 + 𝑅2 (d) √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2

8. An ac voltage 𝑣 = 𝑣0 sin 𝜔𝑡 is applied to a series combination of a resistor 𝑅
and an element 𝑋. The instantaneous current in the circuit is 𝐼 =
𝜋
𝐼0 sin (𝜔𝑡 + ). Then which of the following is correct?
4
(a) 𝑋 is a capacitor and 𝑋𝐶 = √2𝑅
(b) 𝑋 is an inductor and 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑅
(c) 𝑋 is an inductor and 𝑋𝐿 = √2𝑅
(d) 𝑋 is a capacitor and 𝑋𝐶 = 𝑅
9. The current in the primary coil of a pair of coils changes from 7 A to 3 A in
0.04 s. The mutual inductance between the two coils is 0.5 H . The induced
emf in the secondary coil is
(a) 50 V (b) 75 V (c) 100 V (d) 220 V
10. The potential energy of an electron in the second excited state in hydrogen
atom is
(a) -3.4 eV (b) -3.02 eV (c) -1.51 eV (d) -6.8 eV
11. Electrons drift with speed vd in a conductor with potential difference V across
V
its ends. If V is reduced to ( ), their drift speed will become:
2
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 vd
(a) (b) vd (c) 2vd (d) 4vd
2

12. Two parallel conductors carrying current of 4.0 A and 10.0 A are placed 2.5
cm apart in vacuum. The force per unit length between them is
(a) 6.4 × 10−5 N m−1 (b) 6.4 × 10−2 Nm−1
(c) 4.6 × 10−4 N m−1 (d) 3.2 × 10−4 Nm−1
For questions number 13-16, two statements are given- one labelled as
Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R). Select the correct answer
to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason is not the correct
explanation of the assertion.
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
(d) Both Assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.
13. Assertion (A): A current carrying square loop made of a wire of length L is
placed in a magnetic field. It experiences a torque which is greater than the
torque on a circular loop made of the same wire carrying the same current in
the same magnetic field.
Reason (R): A square loop occupies more area than a circular loop, both
made of wire of the same length.
14. Assertion (A): In Bohr’s model of the atom, the angular momentum of the
electron is quantized.
Reason (R): The electron in an atom revolves in circular orbits around the
nucleus under the influence of electrostatic forces.
15. Assertion (A): Isobars are the element having same mass number but
different atomic number.
Reason (R): Neutrons and protons are present inside nucleus.
16. Assertion (A): When light of certain wavelength falls on a metal surface it
ejects electron.
Reason (R): Light has wave nature.
II SECTION – B (5 x 2 = 10)
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The
following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. Find the temperature at which the resistance of a wire made of silver will be
twice its resistance at 20𝑜 𝐶. Take 20𝑜 𝐶 as the reference temperature and
temperature coefficient of resistance of silver at 20𝑜 𝐶 = 4 · 0 × 10−3 𝐾 −1 .

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 18. Draw the intensity pattern for single slit diffraction and double slit
interference. Hence, state two differences between interference and
diffraction patterns.
OR
Define wavefront of a travelling wave. Using Huygens principle, obtain the
law of refraction at a plane interface when light passes from a rarer to a
denser medium.
19. Two identical circular loops 𝑃 and 𝑄, each of radius 𝑅 carrying current I are
kept in perpendicular planes such that they have a common centre 𝑂 as
shown in the figure.
Find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at point 𝑂.

20. Calculate the energy released/absorbed (in MeV) in the nuclear reaction :
1 3
1H + 1 H ⟶ 12 H + 12 H
Given : m( 11 H) = 1.007825𝜇
m( 12 H) = 2.014102𝜇
m( 13 H) = 3.016049𝜇
21. (a) Define the terms, (i) threshold frequency and (ii) stopping potential in
photoelectric effect.
(b) Plot a graph of photocurrent versus anode potential for a radiation of
frequency 𝑣 and intensities 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 (𝐼1 < 𝐼2 ).

III SECTION – C (7 x 3 = 21)

This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question.
The following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. Write the two processes that take place in the formation of a p-n junction.
Explain with the help of a diagram, the formation of depletion region and
barrier potential in a p-n junction.
23. Write three points of differences between para, dia- and ferro- magnetic
materials giving one example for each.
24. With the help of a circuit diagram, explain briefly how a 𝑝-n junction diode
works as a half-wave rectifier.

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25. (a) A ray of light incident on face 𝐴𝐵 of an equilateral glass prism, shows
minimum deviation of 30∘ . Calculate the speed of light through the prism.

(b) Find the angle of incidence at face 𝐴𝐵 so that the emergent ray grazes
along the face 𝐴𝐶.
26. (a) Obtain the expression for the torque 𝜏‾ experienced by an electric dipole
of dipole moment 𝑝⃗ in a uniform electric field, 𝐸⃗⃗ .
(b) What will happen if the field were not uniform?
27. (a) Write the expression for the magnetic force acting on a charged particle
moving with velocity 𝑣 in the presence of magnetic field 𝐵.
(b) A neutron, an electron and an alpha particle moving with equal velocities,
enter a uniform magnetic field going into the plane of the paper as shown.
Trace their paths in the field and justify your answer.
28. Three point charges +1𝜇C, −1𝜇C and +2𝜇C are initially infinite distance
apart. Calculate the work done in assembling these charges at the vertices of
an equilateral triangle of side 10 cm.
OR
Two parallel plate capacitors 𝑋 and 𝑌 have the same area of plates and same
separation between them. 𝑋 has air between the plates while 𝑌 contains a
dielectric of 𝜀𝑟 = 4.

(i) Calculate capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance of the

combination is 4𝜇 F.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of 𝑋 and 𝑌.
(iii) Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in 𝑋 and 𝑌.

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IV SECTION – D (2 x 4 = 8)
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has
an internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+1+1) marks each. Read the
passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Diffraction: Diffraction of light is bending of light around the corners of an
object whose size is comparable with the wavelength of light. Diffration
actually defines the limits of ray optics. This limit for optical instruments is
set by the wavelength of light. An experimental arrangement is set up to
observe the diffraction pattern due to a single slit.
(i) The penetration of light into the region of geometrical shadow is called
(a) polarization (b) interference
(c) diffraction (d) refraction
(ii) To observe diffraction, the size of an obstacle
(a) should be of the same order as wavelength
(b) should be much larger than the wavelength
(c) have no relation to wavelength
𝑙
(d) should be exactly
2
(iii) Both, light and sound waves produce diffraction. It is more difficult to
observe diffraction with light waves because
(a) light waves do not require medium
(b) wavelength of light waves is too small
(c) light waves are transverse in nature
(d) speed of light is far greater
(iv) Angular width of central maximum of a diffraction pattern of a single slit
does not depend upon
(a) distance between slit and source (b) wavelength of light used
(c) width of the slit (d) frequency of light used
OR
The diffraction effect can be observed in
(a) only sound waves (b) only light waves
(c) only ultrasonic waves (d) sound as well as light waves
30. Lenard observed that when ultraviolet radiations were allowed to fall on the
emitter plate of an evacuated glass tube, enclosing two electrodes (metal
plates), and current started flowing in the circuit connecting the plates. As
soon as the ultraviolet radiations were stopped, the current flow also
stopped. These observations proved that it was ultraviolet radiations, falling
on the emitter plate, that ejected some charged particles from the emitter
and the positive plate attracted them.

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 (i) Alkali metals like Li, Na, K and Cs show photo electric effect with visible
light but metals like Zn, Cd and Mg respond to ultraviolet light. Why?
(a) Frequency of visible light is more than that for ultraviolet light
(b) Frequency of visible light is less than that for ultraviolet light
(c) Frequency of visible light is same for ultraviolet light
(d) Stopping potential for visible light is more than that for ultraviolet
light
(ii) Why do we not observe the phenomenon of photoelectric effect with
non-metals?
(a) For non-metals the work function is high
(b) Work function is low
(c) Work function can’t be calculated
(d) For non-metals, threshold frequency is low.
(iii) What is the effect of increase in intensity on photoelectric current?
(a) Photoelectric current increases
(b) Decreases
(c) No change.
(d) Varies with the square of intensity
(iv) How does the K.E max of the electrons emitted vary with the work
function of metal?
(a) It doesn’t depend on work function
(b) It decreases as the work function increases
(c) It increases as the work function increases
(d) Its value is doubled with the work function.
OR
The momentum of a photon of wavelength 𝜆 is
(a) ℎ𝜆 (b) ℎ/𝜆 (c) 𝜆/ℎ (d) ℎ/𝑐 𝜆
V SECTION – E (3 x 5 = 15)
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each.
All questions have an internal choice.
31. (a) Derive the mathematical relation between refractive indices 𝑛1 and 𝑛2 of
two media and radius of curvature 𝑅 for refraction at a convex spherical
surface. Consider the object to be a point source lying on the principal axis
in rarer medium of refractive index 𝑛1 and a real image formed in the
denser medium of refractive index 𝑛2 . Hence, derive lens maker's
formula.
(b) Light from a point source in air falls on a convex spherical glass surface of
refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 20 cm . The distance of light
source from the glass surface is 100 cm . At what position is the image
formed?

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 OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram to show image formation when the concave mirror
produces a real, inverted and magnified image of the object.
(b) Obtain the mirror formula and write the expression for the linear
magnification.
32. (i) Define mobility of electrons. Give its SI units
(ii) Define the term 'drift velocity' of charge carriers in a conductor. Obtain
the expression for the current density in terms of relaxation time.
(iii) A steady current flows through a wire 𝐴𝐵, as shown in the figure. What
happens to the electric field and the drift velocity along the wire? Justify
your answer.

OR
(i) Define the terms 'drift velocity' and 'relaxation time' giving their physical
significance.
(ii) Deduce the relation between current I flowing through a conductor and
drift velocity 𝑣⃗𝑑 of the electrons.
(iii) Consider the circuit shown in the figure. Find the effective resistance of
the circuit and the current drawn from the battery.

33. (a) In a series 𝐿𝐶𝑅 circuit connected across an ac source of variable

frequency, obtain the expression for its impedance and draw a plot
showing its variation with frequency of the ac source.
(b) What is the phase difference between the voltages across inductor and
the capacitor at resonance in the LCR circuit?
(c) When an inductor is connected to a 200 V dc voltage, a current of 1 A
flows through it. When the same inductor is connected to a 200 V , 50 Hz
ac source, only 0.5 A current flows. Explain, why? Also, calculate the self
inductance of the inductor.
OR

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A device '𝑋' is connected to an ac source 𝑉 = 𝑉0 sin 𝜔𝑡. The variation of
voltage, current and power in one cycle is shown in the following graph:

(a) Identify the device ' 𝑋 '.

(b) Which of the curves 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 represent the voltage, current and the
power consumed in the circuit? Justify your answer.
(c) How does its impedance vary with frequency of the ac source? Show
graphically.
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation
with ac voltage.
***************

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