SHELTER DESIGNS - MOZAMBIQUE

CATALOGUE OF THE DIFFERENT SHELTER SOLUTIONS IMPLEMENTED BY SHELTER CLUSTER

PARTNERS IN MOZAMBIQUE

SHELTER DESIGNS

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

www.sheltercluster.org

July- 2024
 Summary

The multiple needs of affected families in terms of safety, privacy, protection and livelihood must be assisted through approaches that are
appropriate to the specific context and the availability of resources.

Humanitarian actors use a range of methods to provide support to affected people. These methods include the provision of basic materials for
shelter construction, technical support, cash assistance, sensitization and promotion of safe shelter construction and installation of shelter
practices, or a combination of these and other approaches involving construction.

The aim of shelter assistance programmes is to support affected families and their communities in their pathway to recovery towards safe,
adequate, and appropriate shelter, prioritizing the most vulnerable and looking to ensure participation. Basic services and dignified living
condition are integral part of safe and adequate shelter.

Ntele, Montepuez

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

www.sheltercluster.org
EMEREGENCY SHELTERS
Emergency shelter can be defined as the short term/temporary shelter that provides lifesaving support, the
most basic shelter support that can be provided before, during or immediately after a disaster/conflict
(Humanitarian Shelter Guidelines, Version 2, 2018).

Type of sites: Temporary sites, relocation sites, newly displaced families and newly returning families.

Summary of key criteria:

ID 4,5 6 7 9 10a 10b 12 15

Life span 3 to 6 months 3 to 6 months 3 to 6 months 3 to 6 months 1 to 2 years 1 to 2 years 3 to 6 months 1 to 3 months

Setup time 3 to 5 days 1 to 2 days 1 to 2 days 1 to 2 days 5 to 15 days 5 to 15 days 1 to 2 days 1 to 2 days
Area 15 sqm 10.36 sqm 8 sqm 9 sqm 18 8 sqm 22 sqm

Habitability 3m pp for 5 persons 3.4 m per person for 3 2.6 m for 3 3 4 m pp 4.8 m2 pp

Material cost 300 77 90 52 360 660 43.3 139

Labor Cost 50 N/A 10 10 62 76 5 24

EMERGENCY SHELTERS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Manica, Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Metuge, Ancuabe, Chiure, Ibo, Quissanga,
Setting Type of site
Corrane, Buzi, Dondo, Marromeu, etc.
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices

The construction of emergency The beneficiaries participate in all the (Sustainability)
shelters follows a community-led construction process which foster a sense The emergency shelters built
approach, ensuring active of ownership and responsibility, leading to with familiar materials and
participation from both the IDP and better maintenance and longevity of the techniques are more likely to be
host communities, as well as local shelters. culturally accepted and
authorities. Local artisans, including integrated into the community's
both women and men, are trained in Environmental Consideration way of life.
Build Back Safer (BBS) construction When using local materials, we minimize the Other Information
techniques and receive continuous environmental impact associated with We encourage the participation
guidance throughout the building transportation and supports sustainable of women in all construction
process to ensure proper application resource management. activities and provide equal
of these methods. Depending on the Local materials and techniques can be training for both men and
shelter's design, materials are either adapted to suit specific environmental women on Build Back Safer
sourced locally or brought into the conditions, making the shelters more techniques adapted to the
community, including items like nails resilient to local weather patterns and natural construction of Emergency
fixtures, tools, etc., all in adherence hazards. Nonetheless, overharvesting local shelters and provide PSEA,
to strict environmental procedures. materials, such as wood and bamboo, can which is a mandatory
lead to environmental degradation and requirement for program
depletion of natural resources. involvement.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 - 2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Nampula  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Meconta District Type of site
Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin, grass  Utilizing readily available local materials such as
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo and local woods, bamboo, local woods, and grass enables quicker
 1-2 years grass construction and faster and cheaper provision of
 2-5 years Floors: soil shelters in emergency situations.
 Shelters built with familiar materials and techniques are
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used more likely to be culturally accepted and integrated
 1-2 days Use of bamboo as sustainable into the community
 3-5 days material and creation of channels
 >5 days along and between the shelter to Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days facilitate water drainage during rainy  Limited space, lack of privacy (no internal divisions)
season, thus avoid flooding  Local materials such as bamboo, wood, and grass are
not as durable, requiring more frequent repairs or
Workforce required for set up replacements. When not treated, local materials may
x skilled x unskilled be more vulnerable to weather conditions, pests, and
rot, which can compromise the integrity of the shelters.
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Shelter estimated cost
15 sqm (m2) 6m X 2.5m 3 m per person Material cost: USD 300
suitable for up to 5 occupants Labour cost: USD 50
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020-2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Nampula, Ibo, Quissanga  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Corrane, Matemo, Quirimba, Quirambo, Type of site
Mefunvo, Kisiwi, etc Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin, grass  Utilizing readily available local materials such as
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo and local woods, bamboo, local woods, and grass enables quicker
 1-2 years grass construction and faster and cheaper provision of
 2-5 years Floors: soil shelters in emergency situations.
 Shelters built with familiar materials and techniques are
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used more likely to be culturally accepted and integrated
 1-2 days The bamboo and local wood poles into the community
 3-5 days are arranged in a cross-bracing
 >5 days pattern to enhance the structural Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days integrity and prevent the shelter  Local materials such as bamboo, wood, and grass are
from swaying or collapsing not as durable, requiring more frequent repairs or
replacements. When not treated, local materials may
Workforce required for set up be more vulnerable to weather conditions, pests, and
x skilled x unskilled rot, which can compromise the integrity of the shelters.

Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Shelter estimated cost

15 sqm (m2) 6m X 2.5m 3 m per person Material cost: USD 300
suitable for up to 5 occupants Labour cost: USD 50
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020-2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ibo district
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Tarpaulin 4x6m, bamboo  Quick and efficient construction allows for rapid
 3-6 months Walls: bamboo, local stakes deployment in emergencies.
 1-2 years Floors: sand  The shelter design is well-accepted by the local
 2-5 years community, who can actively participate in the
building process, fostering community engagement.
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used  Cost-effective, making it an affordable solution for
 1-2 days The structure design and layout is emergency housing.
 3-5 days resilient against strong winds, Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days providing reliable protection.  Limited size restricts occupancy, accommodating
 >15 days only up to three people per shelter, which may not
be sufficient for larger families.
 While construction is quick, the shelters may offer
only temporary solutions and require frequent
Workforce required for set up maintenance or upgrades.
1 skilled 2 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD_77 USD 3500 MZN*
10.36 sqm (m2) 3.3m X 3.14m 3.4m per person
Labour cost: N/A
suitable for 3 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021-2023 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Metuge Type of site
Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin  Fast assembly, low cost
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo, nylon rope  Easy transport of many shelters
 1-2 years Floors: Local mud  Better dimensions for temporary sites
 2-5 years

Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages

 1-2 days Use of bamboo as sustainable  Limited space, lack of privacy
 3-5 days material and creation of channels  Safety and protection concerns (no doors and
 >5 days along and between the shelter to windows)
 >15 days facilitate water drainage during rainy  No elevation from the ground
season, thus avoid flooding

Workforce required for set up

1 skilled 3 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 90
8 sqm (m2) 4m X 2m 2.6 m per person
Labour cost: USD 10
suitable for 3 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020-2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMEREGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter X
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chiure, Meculane
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Methodology The community is involved from the The construction system is used in the
consultation process and presentation of the region, and the communities are familiar
Materials, training, labor
project. They are trained in shelter with it, ensuring that the methods are
provided. construction and protection and participate suitable and well-accepted. This
in the construction by providing labor. The approach involves women in the building
construction system is appropriate and process of their own shelters and
accepted by the community. employs local labor. Training in resilient
construction techniques was carried out,
Environmental Consideration along with awareness sessions on risks
Local materials without chemicals, community and maintenance.
involvement in the construction and long term
maintenance ensures its sustainability. 80% of Other Information
materials from the forest (bamboo and poles), This solution was used as a phased
but these materials have been harvested approach in order to allocate families in
following regulations established by national their plots, while they could start the
construction of their transitional shelter.
authorities . However, as this solution covers main
shelter needs, community was not
encouraged to build t-shelters quickly.
Strong mobilization required

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 - 2021 www.sheltercluster.org
EMEREGENCY SHELTER/TRANSIT

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter X
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chiure, Meculane (Resettlement site)
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
X
 Host areas/affected areas
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION  Return/origin location
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Tarpaulins, bamboo, tire  Construction time is very short.
 3-6 months X (up to 1Y) cords and galvanized wires,  Economic.
 1-2 years Walls: Bamboo, tire cords and  Quickly assembled by low skilled people.
 2-5 years galvanized wires,  Easy to be extended

Shelter set-up time Floors: Soil Challenges/Disadvantages

 1-2 days X  Area of coverage is good for 3 family members, when
 3-5 days normal family size is 5.
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Requires treatment of bamboo.
 >15 days Local carpernters trained in repair  Not easy to upgrade
and maintance techniques as this is  No elevation from the ground
emergency situation with short  Protection concerns as there are no internal divisions
period of life spam.
Workforce required for set up
and no doors .
1 skilled 1 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 52 *
9.0 (m2) 3.0 X 3.0 X 2.5m 3 Family members (when
Labour cost: USD 10
family size is 5)
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 - 2021 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTERS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
❑ Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods ❑ Permanent House
Mueda
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
❑ Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
❑ Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Local wooden poles, bamboo poles, mud  Short-term solution, ensuring durability
 3-6 months daub wall for the superstructure, plastic and stability of the housing structure.
 1-2 years tarpaulin and grass fixed on local wooden  Provision of dignified shelter, contributing
❑ 2-5 years truss roof. to safety, security, health, and well-being,
Shelter area and promotion to recovery among affected
Shelter set-up time Type 1 - 18sqm (6mx3m) for small households.
 1-2 days households with 5 and below family  Remove the need of water for the matope
 3-5 days members. process.
 >5 days  Reduce the number of bamboos in the
Type 2 – 30sqm (5mx6m) for household size
 >15 days construction.
above.
Hipped roof is the design of shelters in Challenges/Disadvantages
Workforce required Lyanda IDP site, Mueda district. Proposed by  Requires more advanced construction
for set up the partner Solidairités International (SI) in skills and materials.
1 skilled 3 unskilled 2022.
Type 1 Type 2
Total cost: 506$ Total cost: 828$

Material cost: 360.44$ Material cost: 663.45$

Labour cost: 62.18$ Labour cost: 76.03$

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe - Natove
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices

Participation (Sustainability)
Training of local committee in type A
After construction, women/men The families make the entrance
shelter construction, supply of material
can line bamboo walls with mud doors out of bamboos and the
(tarpaulin, shelter toolkit, bamboos, nail
to strengthen shelter and back and front are covered with
and recycled rubber rope) and
provide a strong barrier earth.
construction support (team of 4 per
shelter).

Environmental Consideration Other Information

____________________________
Promotion of use of bamboo as ____________________________
sustainable material, but the ____________________________
design durability is limited by the ____________________________
lifespan of the tarp and bamboo
is treated with anti termite
solution.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe – Natove
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing and Walls: Bamboo, 3.5”  Lifespan of tarp
 3-6 months common nails”, recycled rubber cord  Lack of privacy
 1-2 years “corda de pneu”, shelter toolkit and  Reduced space
 2-5 years tarpaulin.
Floors: Sand
Shelter set-up time Challenges/Disadvantages
 1-2 days  Quick construction, just a few materials what
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used allows to transport materials for a high number of
 >5 days Promotion of use of bamboo as shelters in the same truck
 >15 days sustainable material, but the design  Low cost
durability is limited by the lifespan of  Goods dimensions for temporary centers
the tarp and bamboo is treated with  On sunny days, indoors and extremely hot
anti termite solution
Workforce required for set up
0 skilled 4 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 43.39*
8 sqm (m2) 3.0 m X 2.70 m 4 m per person
Labour cost: USD 4.74
suitable for 2 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022 www.sheltercluster.org
TRANSIT SHELTER/CENTRE

Province(s): Shelter category

Cabo Delgado Context/Trigger of response
 Emergency Shelter
District(s):  Transitional Shelter
Mueda  Permanent Shelter

Type of site
 Temporary site
 Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
PROJECT DESCRIPTION  Return/origin location

Methodology Average Shelter life span Overall challenges and

The semi-permanent communal hanger  1-3 months Environmental Consideration
internally partitioned used to serve as a  3-6 months • Protection issues: reach
transit center for new arrivals following  1-2 years broader audience, which
attacks in the neighboring villages of ❑ 2-5 years does not allow for precise
Mueda District. There are total of 6 blocks targeting of specific
in Lianda site with a full capacity of Shelter set-up time households (as Gender,
96HHs/ 480 individuals. In 2022, UNHCR  1-2 days vulnerability criteria).
and partner SI (Solidarités International) ❑ 3-5 days • Space limitations and
constructed two (2) transit shelters and ❑ >5 days privacy concerns.
NRC constructed four (4) transit shelters  >15 days • Environmental impact from
in Lianda site. The materials used for the harvesting natural materials
construction are bamboo wall, corrugated Total cost: • Inconsistency in the quality
galvanized iron sheets, plastic sheets 13,000$ - 16,000$ of the wooden poles.
partition and concrete floor.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe - Natove
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices
Construction materials will be made Participation (Sustainability)
available to families and the local Inspired by local construction Upgrading and
shelter committee will be trained to and made in a model similar to improvements possible,
build the shelter and construction will traditional pau-a-pique extension is also possible
be carried out by a team of more structures. Beneficiary is able using an incremental
than 5 people. to adapt and improve as approach.
The families in turn will tidy up the needed, offers privacy.
walls and create flooring to protect
rainwater. Environmental Consideration Other Information
The committee group was made up Uses locally available resources for Cost: 163,24 USD
of a mixed group of men and women. support, allowing beneficiary to Area: 16,3 spm (bedroom,
The shelter toolkit is given to allow undertake upgrades and repairs as storage space and porch)
beneficiary to source own raw needed. Time: 1 Day and 3 hours
materials for future repairs. CARE has purchased the material Lifespan: 18 - 24 months
Grass can be added to the cover and used locally from suppliers authorized + (lifespan increased if
allow the Tarpaulin's to last longer by the environmental department, and tarpaulin is replenished)
and reduce heating. Windows this institution has authorized cutting
included which allow for great air the material within the recommended
circulation. period to allow for reproduction and
growth of plants in the Veda period.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EMERGENCY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado_  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe - Natove
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo and tarpaulin  Local and culturally adapted
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo and wooden  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded, adapting
 1-2 years poles, recycled rubber rope and the pantry/kitchen
 2-5 years sand  Easy and fast to build
Floors: Sand
Shelter set-up time
 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days - Roof connections;  Grass can be added to the cover and allow the
 >5 days - Wall bracings, strong foundation; Tarpaulin's to last longer and reduce heating.
 >15 days - Wood treatment and pavement Windows included which allow for great air
preparation circulation.
 Requires treatment of wooden poles and bamboos
to combat termites. Will not withstand cyclonic winds.
Workforce required for set up Requires tarpaulin replenishment every 24 months.
3 skilled 2 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 139.51*
22 sqm (m2) 4.00 m X 5.50m 4.8 m2 per person
Labour cost: USD 23.73
suitable for 3 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023 - 2024 www.sheltercluster.org
SHELTER RETROFITTING WITH TARP

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe – Milamba1, Milamba 2, 25 de
Setting Type of site
Junho and Natove
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices

Participation (Sustainability)
Construction materials will be made Inspired by local construction and
available to families and the local shelter made on a model like traditional Grass can be added to the
committee will be trained to build the wattle and daub structures. cover and allow the Tarpaulin's
shelter and construction will be carried Helping the community to better to last longer and reduce
out by a team of 4 people. preserve and make good use of heating.
tarpaulins as well as to extend
These families benefited from the the lifespan of the tarp by
following materials: Bamboos, recycled, adequate installation techniques
rubber rope, burnt wire, 3'' nails and Environmental Consideration Other Information
tarpaulin and also received shelter tool CARE has purchased the material
kits to be able to carry out any repairs to used locally from suppliers Cost: 48,70 USD (without tarpaulin)
their shelters when they are in a state of authorized by the environmental Area: 24 spm ( on average)
collapse. department, and this institution has Time: 3 Hours
authorized cutting the material Lifespan: 18-24 months+(lifespan
within the recommended period to increased if tarpaulin is replenished)
allow for reproduction and growth of
plants in the Veda period.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
SHELTER RETROFITTING WITH TARP

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe - Milamba1, Milamba 2, 25 de
Setting Type of site
Junho and Natove
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months
 3-6 months Roofing: Tarpaulin and bamboo  Use of few resources
 1-2 years Walls: Bamboo, wooden poste  Use of local materials
 2-5 years and sand  No specialization required
Floors: Sand
Shelter set-up time Challenges/Disadvantages
 1-2 days
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Will not withstand cyclonic winds. Requires
 >5 days  Fixing the tarpaulin replenishment every 12 months;
 >15 days  correctly Techniques for  Canvas cannot withstand 100% exposure
overlapping and perforating the
tarpaulin
 Strengthening the roof and wall
Workforce required for set up structure
3 skilled 1 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 37.75*
24 sqm (m2) 4mX6m 4.8 m2 per person
Labour cost: USD 10.95
suitable for 3-8 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023 - 2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EARLY RECOVERY/TRANSITIONAL
TRANSITIONAL / EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado x Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone x Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Metuge Type of site
Setting
x Rural  Temporary site
 Urban x Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
x Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin, grass  Promotion of local and sustainable materials
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo, wooden poles, pau  Appropriation of the model by the community
x 1-2 years au pique with mud, nylon rope using local design and construction techniques
 2-5 years Floors: Local mud  Improvement on local construction techniques

Shelter set-up time Challenges/Disadvantages

x 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Lack of proper foundations
 3-5 days Inspired by local construction  Roofing materials require maintenance and
 >5 days techniques, this model has created a replacement of grass to ensure durability
 >15 days great level of acceptance

Workforce required for set up

2 skilled 3 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 130
16-20 sqm (m2) 4m X 4m 4 m per person
Labour cost: USD 20
suitable for 3-5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
TRANSITIONAL / EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Metuge Type of site
Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin  Possibility of extension of the shelter made by the
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo, wooden poles, pau family over time
 1-2 years au pique with mud  The veranda allows better ventilation and open
 2-5 years Floors: Local mud space to the whole structure
 It is possible to close the veranda in a second
Shelter set-up time moment and create a new room
 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used
 3-5 days Inspired by local construction Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days techniques, this model has created  Lack of proper foundations
 >15 days a great level of acceptance  Roofing materials require maintenance and
replacement of tarps over time

Workforce required for set up

x skilled x unskilled

Shelter habitability Shelter estimated cost

Shelter area Shelter dimensions
3.3m to 3.9m per person Material cost: USD 100
9.90 to 19.80 sqm (m2) 3m X 3.3m
suitable for 3-5 occupants Labour cost: USD 20
3.3m X 6m
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
TRANSITIONAL / EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Manica, Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Sussundenga, Buzi Type of site
Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Local timber, corrugated  The transitional shelters support the early
 3-6 months galvanized iron (CGI) roofing sheets recovery efforts initiated by the communities.
 1-2 years Walls: Local wooden poles,  The shelter align with cultural preferences and
 2-5 years “macane” sticks, mud-plastering traditional building practices, fostering community
Floors: Soil acceptance.
Shelter set-up time  Engaging local artisans in the construction
 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used process helps to build local capacity and transfer
 3-5 days Resilience techniques, such as wall BBS construction practices within the community.
 >5 days weaving, enhance strength, while
Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days robust foundations and secure roof
 Local materials may be in short supply or of
connections ensure overall structural
inconsistent quality, potentially affecting the
stability and durability.
durability of the shelter.
 The skill levels of local artisans can vary, leading
Workforce required for set up
to inconsistencies in construction quality.
1 skilled 2 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 700
18 sqm (m2) 5.15 m X 3.5 m 3.6 m per person
Labour cost: USD 70
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2023 www.sheltercluster.org
EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Temporary Shelter X
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Montepuez and Namuno
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas X
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices (Sustainability)

Construction with Community involved from the consultation Use of local materials, resilient
hired labor and process and presentation of the project. construction methods utilizing traditional
support from They are trained in shelter design through community participation,
beneficiaries. construction and protection, and participate including sustainable practices
in the construction with manpower, using compatible with the local environment,
traditional techniques. training and employing local labor while
incorporating cultural values such as
Environmental Consideration traditional aesthetics (drawings and
Local materials without chemicals, paintings).
community involvement in the Other Information
construction and long-term maintenance Quick construction of resilient
ensures its shelters relies on community
sustainability. 70% of materials from the engagement on the
forest (bamboo and construction process.
poles), but these materials have been Wooden poles and bamboo
harvested following requires treatment which is
regulations established by national limited to
authorities . a specific period on the market

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter X
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Montepuez and Namuno
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas X
 Return/origin location
Placeholder for shelter plan TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing:Bamboo, tarps, tire cords,  Provide shelter and repairs to IDPs and host
 3-6 months nails, galvanized wires communities in need, offering safe and dignified
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a pique ( Bamboo, tire conditions.
 2-5 years X cords and galvanized wires, galvanized Materials adapted to the local context, climate, cultural
nails, wooden poles, Mud, Burnt oil. practices, and local construction techniques.
Doors/ windows: Bamboo, tire cords  Offer work to communities through local labor.
Shelter set-up time
and galvanized wires, galvanized nails Efficient and low-cost construction system.
 1-2 days
Bolt lock.
 3-5 days X Challenges/Disadvantages
Floors: Soil
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used
 >15 days  Occasional community engagement in the construction
preparedness strategies in construction
process.
techniques: designed to withstand
Workforce required for set uppotential hazards like heavy storms and  Procurement of key shelter materials.
2 skilled 3 unskilled cyclones  Restrictions on the exploitation of forest materials due to
Placeholder for Placeholder for  BBB (Built, Back Better) seasonal bans.
 Rainy season.
photos photos Shelter area
18.72 sqm (m )2
workshops
and
test
community
designs
members
with carpenters

Shelter estimated cost

Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 325.47
5.20 m X 3.60 m 3.74m per person
Labour cost: USD 23.72
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EARLY RECOVERY/TRANSITIONAL SHELTER (COMMUNAL)

Province(s): Cabo Delgado Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Conflict  Emergency Shelter
District(s): Mueda  Cyclone Transitional Shelter
_______________________________________  Floods  Permanent Shelter
_
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
Placeholder for shelter plan PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/Participation Cultural Practices

The construction uses locally NRC staff conducts community engagements (Sustainability)
sourced available material prior to provision of the assistance to explain The communal topology
provided by NRC including the project including eligibility and ensures incorporation of local
roof CGI zinc sheet. vulnerability selection criteria. material, and construction
The construction of the Since NRC provided part of the assistance in techniques including typology
shelters is done by a team of Cash, the community engagement includes
5-6 skilled and unskilled sensitization of beneficiary families on use of
laborers. the Cash for shelter for the intended purpose
The construction includes a such as the purchase of construction material. Environmental Consideration
block of 7 to 8 shelters in one In addition, the community engagement The shelters are constructed
communal block. Each block includes explaining the availability of using locally sourced material
has the capacity to receive 14 technical support for the construction of the
Placeholder for Placeholder for
available in the targeted
to 16 families at once for the shelter provided by NRC and through skilled locations, mainly bamboo and
photos photos necessary period before
transitioning to the their
community laborers.
The selected construction team is trained,
wood poles, allowing upgrades
and/or repairs when needed.
individual/familiar shelter. including familiarization on the designs of the
shelters to be constructed.

Insert Logos
Mozambique Shelter Cluster
Implementer & [2021 - 2022] www.sheltercluster.org
Donor(s)
EARLY RECOVERY/TRANSITIONAL SHELTER (COMMUNAL)

Province(s): Cabo Delgado_ Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

 Conflict  Emergency Shelter
District(s): Mueda  Cyclone Transitional Shelter
 Floods  Permanent Shelter

Setting Type of site

 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
Placeholder for shelter plan TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: CGI Roof zinc, wood Flexible Shelter solution for displaced
 3-6 months trusses, nails, wire people on transit or recently arrived and
 1-2 years Walls: Wood poles, bamboo, waiting for plot allocation and shelter
2-5 years mud, assistance
Floors: Concrete floor & soil Independents units within the
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used communal shelter
 1-2 days Use of resistant wood pole
 3-5 days dimensions and a short distances Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days between its to reenforce the Same lack of privacy due the communality
 >15 days bracing between the structural Lack of internal partition within each
elements. family
Roof with enough slope to ensure
Workforce required for set up
Placeholder for Placeholder for 3 skilled 3 unskilled
quick drainage of the water during
the rainy season.
photos photos Shelter area
The wood poles column sowed
with enough dept to resist winds. Shelter estimated cost
252 sqm (m2) Material cost: USD 5000*
Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Labour cost: USD 400
6m X 42 m 3,5 m2 /person
*not including logistics
suitable for 70 occupans
Insert Logos
Mozambique Shelter Cluster
Implementer & [2021 - 2022] www.sheltercluster.org
Donor(s)
EARLY RECOVERY/ TRANSITIONAL SHELTER

Province(s): Cabo Delgado Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Conflict  Emergency Shelter
District(s): Mueda, Muidumbe, Quissanga,  Cyclone Transitional Shelter
Nangade  Floods  Permanent Shelter

Setting Type of site

 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban Relocation site, Resettlement sites
Host areas/affected areas
Return/origin location
Placeholder for shelter plan PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Participation NRC CASH MODALITY FOR SHELTER

The construction uses locally NRC staff conducts community ASSISTANCE
sourced available material engagements prior to provision of the NRC uses Cash as one of the modalities to assist the
provided by NRC through cash assistance to explain the project including conflict affected people in Cabo Delgado. The NRC Cash
modality. eligibility and vulnerability selection for shelter support is part of a broader programme that
The construction of the shelters criteria. also includes technical components defined by the context
is done by a team of 3-4 people Since NRC provided part of the assistance and needs. In the design of an intervention in Cash for
to assist the families unable to in Cash, the community engagement Shelter, the technical components are prioritised because
erect the structure of the includes sensitization of beneficiary they greatly influence the impact of intervention.
shelters. families on use of the Cash for shelter for NRC uses Cash for shelter only when it is appropriate to
The mudding of the walls is the intended purpose such as the purchase the context, needs, and market conditions, and does not
done by the family members of of construction material. In addition, the expose beneficiaries to unacceptable risk.
shelter ensuring ownership of community engagement includes
Placeholder for Placeholder for the it. explaining the availability of technical Environmental Consideration
The shelters are constructed using locally sourced material
photos photos The shelter assistance includes
additional shelter construction
support for the construction of the shelter
provided by NRC and through skilled available in the targeted locations allowing upgrades
community laborers. and/or repairs when needed.
tool kits: hammer, shovel, hoe,
hacksaw and measuring tape, The selected construction team is trained, The dry grass improves the interior temperature of the
rope to support the construction including familiarization on the designs of shelter by reducing the heat including protection and
activities. the shelters to be constructed. extension of the tarpaulin lifespan.
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Mozambique Shelter Cluster
Implementer & [2022 - 2024] www.sheltercluster.org
Donor(s)
EARLY RECOVERY/ TRANSITIONAL SHELTER RETROFITTING

Province(s): Cabo Delgado_ Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

 Conflict  Emergency Shelter
District(s): Mueda, Muidumbe, Nangade,  Cyclone Transitional Shelter
Quissanga  Floods  Permanent Shelter

Setting Type of site

 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban Relocation site, Resettlement sites
Host areas/affected areas
Return/origin location
Placeholder for shelter plan TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Tarpaulin, Dry grass, Cash assistance for crisis-affected people is the most
 3-6 months Bamboo and wood poles dignified form of assistance. Cash gives the beneficiaries
 1-2 years Walls: Wood poles, bamboo, greater choice and control over how best to prioritize
2-5 years mud, their own needs.
Floors: soil ¨The cash for shelter is often more economical
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used programming, faster, more flexible than in-kind
 1-2 days Use of resistant wood pole distribution assistance
 3-5 daysx dimensions and a short distances Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days between its to reenforce the The cash for shelter requires proper set up of work,
 >15 days bracing between the structural monitor and continuous engaging people to use the Cash
elements. for the intended purpose
Roof with enough slope to ensure ¨If people have more urgent needs, they might use cash in
Workforce required for set up
Placeholder for Placeholder for 1 skilled 2 unskilled
quick drainage of the water during other ways than the intended ( as they would sell or
the rainy season. exchange the in-kind to fulfil other needs)
photos photos Shelter area
The wood poles column sowed The tarpaulins require replacement after one year.
with enough dept to resist winds. Shelter estimated cost
18 sqm (m2) Material cost: USD 250*
Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Labour cost: USD 50
3m X 6 m 3,5 m2 /person
*not including logistics
suitable for 6 occupants
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Mozambique Shelter Cluster
Implementer & [2022 - 2024] www.sheltercluster.org
Donor(s)
SHELTER RETROFITTING

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado x Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone x Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chiure, Quissanga Type of site
Setting
x Rural  Temporary site
 Urban x Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
Before After x Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, tarpaulin  Adapted to specific and existing shelter needs
 3-6 months Walls: Bamboo, wooden poles, pau  Possibility of repairing and extending the shelter
x 1-2 years au pique with mud, nylon rope  Use of local materials and construction methods
 2-5 years Floors: Local mud  Taking advantage of the existing structure to
minimize the costs with a new intervention
Shelter set-up time
x 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days Distribution of shelter fixing toolkits,  Strong planning and specific needs assessment
 >5 days tarpaulins and nylon ropes, followed needed
 >15 days by a training on resilient construction  High skilled staff needed on the field to carry out
techniques for local artisans and the technical assessment of each case and decide
Before After
population the type of intervention to implement

Workforce required for set up

1 skilled 4 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 50-150
16-20 sqm (m2) 4m X 4m 3-4m per person
Labour cost: USD 20
Before After suitable for 3-5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2022-2023 www.sheltercluster.org
[TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECORERY]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Metuge
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)

Participation Use of Traditional Techniques:
Local committee training trains community Local and Renewable Materials: Use
members in specific construction Resilient construction training of materials that are abundant in the region;
techniques, tool use and best practices to local artisans for direct Training and Capacity Building: Involve the
ensure durable and safe shelters. Provision implementation. community in the construction process;
of building materials (tarpaulin, shelter Promoting the Local Economy: Prioritizing
toolkit, bamboo, nails and recycled rubber the purchase of materials and hiring local
rope). labour.
Training a team of 4 people per shelter to
provide practical guidance on building Environmental Consideration Other Information
resilient shelters, helping with assembly
and ensuring proper construction. Low environmental impact - The beneficiaries were involved in
This approach speeds up the process and usage of local material from the design of the shelter, being
strengthens the community's ability to certified sources responsible for filling in the clay in
build and maintain sturdy shelters the walls and the final finish.
independently in the future. Involvement of women in the
process of making the shelters

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECORERY

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Metuge
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Grass, tire wire, nails, tire  Possibilities for expansion and updating Use of local
 3-6 months rope materials and traditional construction techniques that
 1-2 years are well known by the community and easily updated
 2-5 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo, clay, by the beneficiaries.
nails etc.)  Offers privacy (internal partitions)
Shelter set-up time Floors: soil  Offers strong foundations and structure with bracing -
 1-2 days resilient building standards are met
 3-5 days
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days Roof connections, use cross  Balancing the use of local materials with
bracings, strong and deep environmental conservation efforts is a challenge
foundations, wood treatment, etc.  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
for the average mozambican family, Will not
Workforce required for set up withstand cyclonic winds.
4 unskilled  Limited durability, and Ongoing Maintenance
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 280*
14.04 sqm (m2) 4.8m X 3.2m 3.5m per person
Labour cost: USD 79*
suitable for 4 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECOVERY

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

CABO DELGADO  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
MONTEPUEZ
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Construction with hired labour (skilled and Participation Use of traditional techniques Local and
unskilled). The construction team consisted of Resilient construction training of conventional materials: Use materials
four craftsmen: two bricklayers and two local and IDP´s, artisans for that are abundant in the region (eg. Dry
carpenters, all hired to ensure the quality of direct implementation. grass) and possibility of mix with
the work. The beneficiaries of the project also conventional materials; Promoting the
took an active part, acting as helpers and local economy: Favouring the purchase
contributing to the execution of the tasks. of materials and hiring local labour. And
Introduction of crown beam and legs in also improving new tecniques.
sticks/piles with minimum cross-section
Ø10cm. Environmental Consideration Other Information
Introduction of crown beam and legs in Medium environmental impact - Those involved in this process
sticks/piles with minimum cross-section use of local material from were local and welcoming
Ø10cm certified sources (need to communities, with a mix of
Introduction of bamboo that can be rolled up observe the sources of different origins, always with
at the ends of the canvas: on the eaves for extraction of the material, the aim of creating unity
better fixing on the roofing and water especially the sticks) between all those involved.
containment structure (see illustrative details)

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021 - 2022 www.sheltercluster.org
TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECOVERY

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

CABO DELGADO  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
MONTEPUEZ
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Grass, tire wire, nails, tire  Use of local materials in its highest percentage
 3-6 months rope, and local labor
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo, clay,  Possibilities for expansion and updating Use of
 2-5 years nails etc.) local materials and traditional construction
Floors: SOIL techniques that are well known by the community
Shelter set-up time and easily updated by the beneficiaries.
DRR/Resilience techniques used  Thermal comfort, in periods of higher
 1-2 days
 3-5 days Wall bracings, roof connections, temperatures and heat containment, in cold
 >5 days strong foundations, size of the union periods
 >15 days between sticks considerable, cement
skirting board, wood treatment, etc. Challenges/Disadvantages
Workforce required for set up  Susceptible to burning due to tarpaulin and grass
during periods of high temperatures
1 skilled 3 unskilled
 Balancing the use of local materials with
environmental conservation efforts is a challenge
Shelter area
 Limited durability, and Ongoing Maintenance
Type 1 - 18sqm (6mx3m) for small households
with 5 and below family members. Shelter
Type 1 estimated costType 2
Type 2 – 30sqm (5mx6m) for household Shelter habitability
Total cost: 332$ USD______
Material cost: Total cost: 434$
size above. 3,5 m per person Material
Labourcost:
cost:267$ Material cost: 349.68$
USD ______
suitable for 6 occupants Labour cost: 47.39$ Labour cost: 63.29$
*not including logistics
Mozambique Shelter Cluster
2021 - 2023 www.sheltercluster.org
TRANSITIONAL SHELTER – HIPPED ROOF

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
❑ Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods ❑ Permanent House
Mueda
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
❑ Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
❑ Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
T01 T02 Materials
Average Shelter life span Advantages
 1-3 months Local wooden poles, bamboo poles, mud  Mid-term solution, ensuring durability and
 3-6 months daub wall for the superstructure, plastic stability of the housing structure.
 1-2 years tarpaulin and grass fixed on local wooden  Provision of dignified shelter, contributing
 2-5 years truss roof. to safety, security, health, and well-being,
Shelter area and promotion to recovery among affected
Shelter set-up time Type 1 - 18sqm (6mx3m) for small households.
 1-2 days households with 5 and below family
 3-5 days members. Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days Type 2 – 30sqm (5mx6m) for household size  Requires more advanced construction
 >15 days above. skills and materials
 Poor soil consistency requiring the need
Hipped roof is the design of shelters in for cement for stabilization.
Workforce required Lyanda IDP site, Mueda district. Constructed  Lack of water in Mueda slows the mud
for set up with partner Solidairités International (SI) from daubing of walls by beneficiaries.
1 skilled 3 unskilled 2021 to 2023.
Type 1 Type 2
Total cost: 718$ Total cost: 1,150$
DRR/Resilience techniques used
Strong roof connections, roof band Material cost: 470.89$ Material cost: 818.25$
reinforcement, wood treatment, etc. Labour cost: 76.03$ Labour cost: 76.03$

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021-2023 www.sheltercluster.org
TRANSITIONAL / EARLY RECOVERY SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Zambezia and Nampula  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chinde, Pebane, Mongicual and Angoche Type of site
Setting
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Bamboo, stakes, tarpaulin,  Promotion of local and sustainable materials
 3-6 months grass  Appropriation of the model by the community
1-2 years Walls: Bamboo, stakes, pau a pique using local design and construction techniques
 2-5 years with mud, nylon or rubber rope,  Improvement on local construction techniques
plastered with adobe with cement
Shelter set-up time Floors: Local mud Challenges/Disadvantages
1-2 days  Lack of proper foundations
 3-5 days  Roofing materials require maintenance and
>5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used replacement of grass to ensure durability
 >15 days • Based on the local model.
• Promotes the improvement of
local construction techniques
• Highly accepted due to local
Workforce required for set up characteristics
2 skilled 3 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 900
16 sqm (m2) 4m X 4m 4 m per person
Labour cost: USD 120
suitable for 3-5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2012-2013 www.sheltercluster.org
TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECORERY

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Mecufi – Napuilimuite and Moge
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Methodology Participation
After construction, women/men This permanent solution is adequate for
CARE establishes the most vulnerable can line bamboo walls with mud
families through criteria and is also based the context as it is socially accepted and
to strengthen shelter and provide can be easily replicated. It incorporates
on the level of destruction of homes by a strong barrier
Cyclone Kenneth. BBB principles, with some attention to
the traditional technique, to increase its
Environmental Consideration resilience
In addition to the construction committee Promotion of use of bamboo as
formed, material was allocated to the sustainable material, but the design
selected families and the committee moved durability is limited by the lifespan of
forward with construction. Other Information
the tarp and bamboo is treated with
anti termite solution. Cost: 500 USD
The construction committee was also CARE has purchased the material
encouraged with building materials. The Area: 24.5 spm
used locally from suppliers Time: 8 day for construction
material supplied includes beams, bamboo, authorized by the environmental
zinc sheets, tire rope, cashew oil and nails. department, and this institution has
authorized cutting the material within
the recommended period to allow for
reproduction and growth of plants in
the Veda period.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 www.sheltercluster.org
TEMPORARY SHELTER/ EARLY RECORERY

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Mecufi – Napuilimuite and Moge
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Zinc Sheets, wood beans
 3-6 months and nails.  Easy to build
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo, stick  Traditional technique well known by the community
 2-5 years timer, mud plastering, nails off  It can be upgraded
different sizes, recycled rubber rope  Improved ventilation and privacy
Shelter set-up time and wire)  Use local materials
 1-2 days Floors: soil
 3-5 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used
 >15 days Roof connections, wall bracings,  High quantity of materials required Requires
strong foundations, wood treatment maintenance
and pavement preparation  Takes longer to build than an emergency shelter

Workforce required for set up

10 skilled 4 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 500*
24,5 sqm (m2) 3.90m X 6.30m 4.8 m2 per person
Labour cost: USD (At no cost)
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT SHELTERS/DURABLE SOLUTIONS
PERMANENT SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter X
Chiure, Meculane
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices (Sustainability)

Construction with hired labor Community involved from the Use of local materials, resilient
and support from project consultation process and presentation of construction methods utilizing traditional
participants. the project. design through community participation,
They are trained in shelter construction including sustainable practices
and protection, and participate in the compatible with the local environment,
construction with manpower, using training and employing local labor while
traditional techniques incorporating cultural values such as
traditional aesthetics (drawings and
paintings).
Environmental Consideration Other Information
Local materials without chemicals, This permanent solution is adequate
community involvement in the construction for the context as it is socially
and long-term maintenance ensures its accepted and can be easily replicated.
sustainability. 70% of materials from the It incorporates BBB principles, with
forest (bamboo and poles), but these some attention to the traditional
materials have been harvested following technique, to increase its resilience.
regulations established by national
authorities.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter X
Chiure
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Advantages
Average Shelter life span Materials
 More covered space and privacy.
 1-3 months Roofing: Iron Sheet
 More durability
 3-6 months Walls:: Pau a pique ( Bamboo, tire
 Safe construction
 1-2 years cords and galvanized wires,
 Technical knowledge provided to
 2-5 years X galvanized nails, wooden poles,
beneficiaries.
Mud, Burnt oil. Doors/ windows:
Shelter set-up time Bamboo, tire cords and galvanized
wires, galvanized nails Bolt lock. Challenges/Disadvantages
 1-2 days
Floors: Soil  It takes too long to be built.
 3-5 days X
DRR/Resilience techniques used  Requires technical skills.
 >5 days
preparedness strategies in  If built by beneficiaries, requires a lot of
 >15 days
construction techniques: designed to mobilization.
withstand potential hazards like
heavy storms and cyclones
Workforce required for set up BBB (Built, Back Better)
2 skilled 3 unskilled workshops test designs with
carpenters and community members
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 670 *
18 sqm (m2) 5mX3m 3.6 m per person
Labour cost: USD 23.72
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict X  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter X
Mecufi
Setting Type of site
 Rural X  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites X
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Advantages
Average Shelter life span Materials
 More covered space and privacy.
 1-3 months Roofing: Iron Sheet
 More durability
 3-6 months Walls:: Pau a pique ( Bamboo, tire
 Safe construction
 1-2 years cords and galvanized wires,
 Technical knowledge provided to
 2-5 years X galvanized nails, wooden poles,
beneficiaries.
Mud, Burnt oil. Doors/ windows:
• Easy to build
Shelter set-up time Bamboo, tire cords and galvanized
• Traditional technique well known by the
 1-2 days wires, galvanized nails Bolt lock. community
 3-5 days Floors: Soil • It can be upgraded
 >5 days X DRR/Resilience techniques used • Improved ventilation and privacy
 >15 days preparedness strategies in • Use local materials
construction techniques: designed to
withstand potential hazards like Challenges/Disadvantages
heavy storms and cyclones  It takes too long to be built.
Workforce required for set up BBB (Built, Back Better)  Requires technical skills.
2 skilled 3 unskilled workshops test designs with  If built by beneficiaries, requires a lot of
carpenters and community members mobilization.
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost and Labour cost: USD 840
33,6 sqm (m2) 5mX3m 3.6 m per person
*not including logistics
suitable for 5 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT DURABLE SOLUTION

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado x Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods x Permanent Shelter
Metuge Type of site
Setting
x Rural  Temporary site
 Urban x Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Corrugated galvanized iron  Possibilities of expansion and upgrade easily with
 3-6 months sheet local materials
 1-2 years Walls: Bamboo, wooden poles, iron  Offers privacy, strong foundations and structure
x 2-5 years rods, cement with bracings
Floors: Cement  Resilient construction standards are met
Shelter set-up time
 1-2 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  High use of bamboo and wooden poles
x >5 days Resilient construction trainings for  Costs may be elevated for the most vulnerable
 >15 days local artisans and population for communities
direct implementation and  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
development of maintenance skills thus increasing the costs

Workforce required for set up

2 skilled 3 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 2,000-2,500
16-32 sqm (m2) 4m X 4m 6 m per person
Labour cost: USD 400
suitable for 5-7 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT AND TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Manica, Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Pemba, Memba, Sussundenga, Beira, Buzi
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
The implementation modality for the Participation We collaborate with the community
construction of resilient houses and The beneficiaries participate in all to incorporate their cultural values
early recovery shelters is based on a the decision making of their house and construction preferences into
community led approach which construction, some participate as the house designs. By aligning
requires effective participation of artisans and the most vulnerable, interventions with traditional
local artisans, the beneficiaries, the with no labour capacity, are practices and applying Build Back
local authorities and the community. supported with labourers. Safer techniques, we ensure
The local artisans (women and men) knowledge transfer, community
receive training in resilient Environmental Consideration acceptance, and the sustainability of
construction and subsequent on-the- When using local materials, ensuring the constructions.
job training is done throughout the that the materials are treated and
project implementation. Depending utilized in a manner that prolongs Other Information
on the typology of the house, the their durability is prioritized, thereby We encourage the participation of
materials are collected locally or reducing the need for frequent women in all construction activities
brought to the community, following rebuilding due to material and provide equal training for both
strict environmental and resilient degradation. Additionally, we ensure men and women on Build Back
standards. that suppliers possess the required Safer techniques and PSEA, which
certificates and permits for material is a mandatory requirement for
provision. program involvement.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 - 2024 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ibo district
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: corrugated galvanized iron  Local materials and traditional building methods
 3-6 months (CGI) roofing sheets ensure that the houses align with cultural practices
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo, timber, and are accepted by the community.
 2-5 years rocks, cement plastering, etc.), doors  Applying Build Back Safer construction techniques
and windows result in houses resilient to climate shocks.
Shelter set-up time Floors: concrete flooring  Familiar materials and techniques allows for
 1-2 days quicker construction, aiding in the rapid recovery
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used and stabilization of community's post-disaster.
 >5 days Strong foundations, cross bracing and
 >15 days strong roof anchorage, ensuring Challenges/Disadvantages
stability and resistance to natural  Local artisans may require additional training to
hazards such as floods or strong winds. effectively implement Build Back Safer techniques.
 Sourcing sufficient local materials and skilled
Workforce required for set up labor, limit the ability to meet housing demands in
2 skilled 3 unskilled Ibo islands.
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 1,600*
20.56 sqm (m2) 4m X 5.14m 4.11m per person
Labour cost: USD 100
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[Year(s) of Implementation for the typology] www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ibo district
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: corrugated galvanized  Coral ragstone is a strong and long-lasting material,
 3-6 months iron (CGI) roofing sheets offering excellent structural integrity and resistance as
 1-2 years Walls: Coral Ragstone well as great insulating properties.
 2-5 years Floors: Concrete floor  Coral ragstone is locally available, which makes
construction more affordable as we reduce
Shelter set-up time DRR/Resilience techniques used transportation costs.
 1-2 days The use of coral ragstone, when  Houses require less maintenance over time compared
 3-5 days responsibly sourced, is an to other materials, reducing long-term upkeep costs.
 >5 days environmentally friendly, durable Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days and resilient option, as it makes  Coral ragstone may be in limited supply, especially on
use of naturally occurring small islands, making it difficult to meet large-scale
materials. housing demands.
 Requires specialized skills and labor, which may not be
Workforce required for set up readily available, leading to increased construction time
3 skilled 2 unskilled and costs.
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 1,200*
34.56 sqm (m2) 7m X 4.80m 46.9m per person
Labour cost: USD 150
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Manica  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Pemba, Memba, Sussundenga
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: corrugated galvanized iron  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months (CGI) emergency shelter
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo,  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years timber, rocks, mud-cement  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
plastering, etc.), doors and windows  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time Floors: soil term recovery and stability
 1-2 days
 3-5 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Balancing the use of local materials with
 >15 days Roof connections, wall bracings, environmental conservation efforts is a challenge
strong foundations, cement skirting  Can be more expensive than emergency or
board, wood treatment, etc. transitional shelter
 Takes longer to construct than emergency shelter
Workforce required for set up  May require more advanced construction skills
2 skilled 2 unskilled and materials
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD1,500*
24 sqm (m2) 6m X 4m 4.8m per person
Labour cost: USD 120
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020-2022 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Nampula  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Memba
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: corrugated galvanized iron  More durable housing solution compared to the
 3-6 months (CGI) same permanent solution but with local materials
 1-2 years Walls: Option#1: Reinforced Cement and construction techniques such as Pau a Pique.
 2-5 years block, Option #2: CSEB (Compressed  Local and culturally adapted
Stabilized Earther Bricks), doors and  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
Shelter set-up time windows  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
 1-2 days Floors: soil term recovery and stability
 3-5 days
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days Roof connections, concrete columns  It is more expensive than using local materials
and bands, strong foundations, cement  Takes longer to construct than emergency or
plastering, wood treatment, etc. transitional shelter
 Requires more advanced construction skills and
Workforce required for set up materials
2 skilled 2 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 2,300 - 2,500*
24 sqm (m2) 6m X 4m 4.8m per person
Labour cost: USD 160
suitable for 5 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2020-2022 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Beira
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR (Inverted  Permanent and resilient housing solution to
 3-6 months Box Rib) Roof Sheeting support the recovery efforts of the family
 1-2 years Walls: Reinforced Concrete block,  House has the possibility of expansion.
 2-5 years doors and windows  Local and culturally adapted
Floors: Concrete flooring  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time term recovery and stability
 1-2 days
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days Strong roof connections, concrete  It is more expensive than using local materials
 >15 days columns and bands, strong  Takes longer to construct than emergency or
foundations, cement plastering, transitional shelter
wood treatment, etc.  Requires more advanced construction skills and
materials
Workforce required for set up  The house is small and offers only one room
2 skilled 2 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 3,200*
12 sqm (m2) 3m X 4m 4m per person
Labour cost: USD 330
suitable for 3 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2024 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS | ROOF REPAIRS | RETROFITTING

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado, Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent House
Ancuabe, Beira
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
Before After TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Option#1: Galvanized IBR (Inverted  Long-term solution, ensuring durability and
 3-6 months Box Rib) Roof Sheeting, Hurricane clips, stability of the housing structure.
 1-2 years treated timber, umbrella nails, etc.  Provision of better protection against
 2-5 years Option#2: Corrugated galvanized iron (CGI) weather elements, reducing the risk of
Roof Sheeting, roof and wall bracings, treated leaks and structural damage.
Shelter set-up time timber, umbrella nails, etc.  Properly repaired roofs improve insulation,
 1-2 days *Some roof repairs include reinforcement of leading to better energy efficiency.
Before After  3-5 days other structural components
 >5 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Requires more advanced construction
Strong roof connections, roof band skills and materials
reinforcement, wood treatment, etc.  In some cases, focusing solely on the roof
might neglect other structural components
Workforce required for set up that also need attention, compromising
1 skilled 2 unskilled overall building integrity.
Shelter estimated cost
Before After Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 1,200*
Coverage roof of Depends on the Depends on the repaired
Labour cost: USD 215
up to 45 sqm (m2) repaired house house
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2024 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Pemba
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)

Participation Use of traditional (mixed)
Construction with hired labour (skilled techniquesLocal and conventional
and unskilled). The construction team The houses were built/assembled materials: Use materials that are
consisted of four craftsmen: two with local labour and with the abundant in the region and mix them
bricklayers and two carpenters, all hired participation of the beneficiaries, with conventional materials;Promoting
to ensure the quality of the work. The who acted as assistants and were the local economy: Favouring the
beneficiaries of the project also took an responsible for filling the walls purchase of materials and hiring local
active part, acting as helpers and with stones before the final finish. labour.
contributing to the execution of the tasks.
Environmental Consideration Other Information

Low environmental impact - Beneficiaries were involved in

usage of local material from the annexes project as helpers.
certified sources Beneficiaries with vulnerable
physical conditions were
supported by the artisans.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict ❑ Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone ❑ Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods ❑ Permanent Shelter
Pemba
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban ❑ Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
❑ Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: corrugated galvanized iron  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months (CGI) emergency shelter
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo,  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years timber, rocks, mud-cement  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
plastering, etc.)  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time Floors: simple concrete with burnt term recovery and stability
 1-2 days cement finish
 3-5 days
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days Roof connections, wall bracings,  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
strong foundations, cement skirting communities.
board, wood treatment, etc.  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled for the average mozambican family.
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 1,750*
15.5 sqm (m2) 6.35m X 3.2m 3.8m per person
Labour cost: USD 169*
suitable for 4 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Community Engagement/ Environmental Consideration
Methodology Participation
All environmental issues that
The buildings are built using conventional The communities are directly respond to the challenges of
materials and are carried out by a group involved in the project, firstly as the millennium are taken into
of artisans (local labour), with 2 beneficiaries and secondly as account, in accordance with EB
bricklayers, 1 carpenter and 1 helper artisans (executors of the policies.
needed to build a house. houses). But for this project, we
are counting on the support of
However, QA/QC quality control is carried the community in the process Cultural Practices
out by the site managers and supervisors. of quickly locating the (Sustainability)
In order to guarantee greater flexibility in beneficiaries' houses, in the
the construction process, the project has process of signing tripartite Nothing specific to report. But
a production workshop where agreements for the execution of all the cultural practices of each
prefabricated materials are produced to the houses, and in the process of the regions covered by the
measure, such as: Construction site of controlling the material, project are respected.
materials, formwork, pillar and beam through the community policing
reinforcements, roof structures and group.
painted doors and windows.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023 - 2024] www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT SHELTER

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: IBR Sheet Metal 686, 4mm More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months thick emergency shelterLocal and culturally
 1-2 years Walls: Concrete block masonry adaptedShelter can be upgraded and
 2-5 years 400x200x150 mm thick + 0.0250mm expandedImproves overall well-being and promotes
of render on each side of the wall. long-term recovery and stability
Shelter set-up time Floors: Simple C25/30 concrete
 1-2 days finished with trowel-fired screed Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days Logistical chain of the project; permanent training of
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used artisans
 >15 days Roof connections, wall bracings,
strong foundations, cement skirting
board, wood treatment, etc.

Workforce required for set up

1 skilled 4 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 3.200*
12 sqm (m2) 3m X 4m 3m per person
Labour cost: USD 355.73
suitable for 4 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023 - 2024] www.sheltercluster.org
UNHCR SHELTER STRATEGY

Shelter category
Province(s):
Context/Trigger of response
Cabo Delgado
 Emergency Shelter
 Transitional Shelter
District(s):
 Permanent Shelter
Chiure, Metuge, Montepuez and Mueda
Type of site
❑ Temporary site
 Emergency Shelter
 Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices

The shelter response provided by The beneficiaries participate in all the (Sustainability)
UNHCR Sub-Office in Cabo Delgado construction process which foster a sense The emergency shelters built
province is critical to address the urgent of ownership and responsibility, leading to with familiar materials and
needs of IDPs by providing them with better maintenance and longevity of the techniques are more likely to be
life-saving shelters and core-relief shelters. This includes: culturally accepted and
items/NFI assistance. The transitional • Open communication channels for integrated into the community's
shelters are tailord to the household size, dialogue. way of life.
vulnerability level, and displacement • Meetings within the community to Other Information
phase, utilizing locally sourced materials address shelter and other issues. We encourage the participation
according to the context. • CFM – Complaint and feedback of women in all construction
From 2021 until 2023 Shelter and NFI mechanisms system within the sites. activities and provide equal
activities have been implemented through• Advocate for Community needs. training for both men and
partnerships agreements with • Measuring impact and outcomes. women on Build Back Safer
International NGOs to respond to the techniques adapted to the
protracted crisis. construction of Emergency
In 2023 and 2024, UNHCR scaled up the shelters and provide PSEA,
localization strategy and capacity which is a mandatory
development of local entities, with requirement for program
formalization of partnerships with SDPI in involvement.
Montepuez and Mueda districts.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2021-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
EARLY RECOVERY - SHELTER ROOF UPGRADE

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
❑ Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods ❑ Permanent House
Montepuez
Setting Type of site
❑ Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ❑ Return/origin location
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Local wooden poles, bamboo poles, mud  Long-term solution, ensuring localization
 3-6 months daub wall for the superstructure, CGI strategy and capacity development.
 1-2 years (corrugated galvanized iron) sheet on local  Community participation.
 2-5 years wooden truss roof.  Properly repaired roofs improve insulation,
Shelter area leading to better energy efficiency.
Shelter set-up time Type 1 - 18sqm (6mx3m) for small
 1-2 days households with 5 and below family Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days members.  Shelter sizes aren’t consistent, which may
❑ >5 days vary the materials quantities.
Type 2 – 30sqm (5mx6m) for household size
 >15 days  Beneficiaries' vulnerability during the
above.
building process.
Workforce required Reinforcement of the superstructure and
for set up upgrading of the roof structure from grass
1 skilled 2 unskilled thatch to CGI sheets in Nicuapa host village,
Montepuez district. Constructed with partners
AVSI (Association of Volunteers in
International Service) and SDPI from 2023 to Type 2
2024. Total cost: 600$
Before After
DRR/Resilience techniques used Material cost: 536.71$
Strong roof connections, wood treatment, Labour cost: 63.29$
piles in depth of 50cm, etc.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2023-2024 www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

SOFALA  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 x Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  x Permanent Shelter
DONDO DISTRICT
Setting Type of site
 x Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  x Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)

The implementation modality for Participation Collaboration with the host community and
the construction of resilient The beneficiaries themselves local government to incorporate their cultural
houses is based on self- participate in the selection process values and construction preferences into the
construction approach of the most vulnerable house designs. By aligning interventions with
implemented by a local NGO beneficiaries and receive training traditional practices and applying Build Back
with effective participation of as skill labors to support on the Better techniques, we ensure knowledge
local beneficiaries, which building process of the houses. transfer, community acceptance, and the
received training in resilient sustainability of the constructions.
construction and subsequent
on-the-job training is done
throughout the project Environmental Consideration
implementation. Use local materials and ensure
that the source of the materials are
legal according to Mozambican
laws and are approved by the the
supervision body as well as the
use of individual protection
equipment for the labors.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2019-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

SOFALA  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone x  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter x
DONDO
Setting Type of site
 Rural x  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites x
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Corrugated galvanized iron  Engage local beneficiaries in the
 3-6 months sheet construction process to build local capacity
 1-2 years Walls: Cement blocks and transfer resilient construction practices
 2-5 years x Floors: Concrete pavement within the community
 Evolutive houses
Shelter set-up time  Promotion of local and sustainable materials
 1-2 days DRR/Resilience techniques used
 3-5 days Resilience techniques, such as wall Challenges/Disadvantages
 >5 days weaving, enhance strength, while  Misuse of money by NGO/CSOs
 >15 days x robust foundations, roof  Inadequate capacity of IPs, engineers,
connections, wood treatment and consultant company
ensure overall structural stability and  Assure that beneficiaries will be the actual
durability including resilient owner of the houses
Workforce required for set upconstruction trainings for local  Quality of local materials
2 skilled 3 unskilled beneficiaries
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 7,000
34,25 sqm (m2) 5,15m X 6,65m 6m per person
Labour cost: USD 3,000
suitable for 5 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2019-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
[COMMUNITY MARKET/ INFRASTRUCTURE]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Market category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Market
 Cyclone  Transitional Market
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Market
Chiúre - Mahipa
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation • 0.34 m² (m2) per seller suitable for
The community will receive all the CARE trained and equipped a group of 16 permanent and 8 occasional
materials needed to build the local volunteer carpenters, later the occupants;
community market: rope, wire, nails, group would carry out roofing work on • Every Saturday, the market
zinc sheets, beams, burnt oil/cashew the shelters through a selection of the welcomes traders from various
oil, cement, sand and gravel. most outstanding in the group, as this points to participate in the fair;
was specialized work. We will also use • The market was developed to also
A construction committee was formed, a specific group of masters accommodate people with special
made up of 7 members (specialized (bricklayers) to make the flooring of the needs, at both entrances it has
and non-specialised members), market - local masters. ramps.
responsible for building the wall Environmental Consideration Other Information
structure with bamboo and eucalyptus Building community markets with mixed • Material cost: USD 4,538.41*
poles, building the roof structure and materials offers an opportunity to balance • Labour cost: USD 633.992
paving the market. sustainability, durability and efficiency. • Workforce required for set up: 3
The life cycle of materials used skilled 5 unskilled;
The construction members are incorporates the practice of resilient • Market area: 10mx6m - 60 sqm (m2)
members of the community. construction and sustainable
maintenance to minimize negative
environmental impacts.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2024 www.sheltercluster.org
 PERMANENT HOUSING

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Zambezia, Manica,  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
Sofala, Inhambane and Gaza  Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
 Floods  Permanent House
District(s):
Setting Type of site
Pemba, Ancuabe, Angoche, Mongicual, Ilha
 Rural  Temporary site
de Moçambique, Quelimane, Manica, Dondo,
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
Nhamatanda, Buzi, Vilanculos and Chokwe.
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology
Community Engagement/ Participation Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
UN-Habitat's response to resilient
The community is involved from the start An initial participatory assessment of the
housing in Mozambique is based on a
of the process, in the initial assessment, local context is essential to ensure
community and government-led
design of the model, construction and cultural appropriateness, ownership of
approach using participatory methods
supervision. Depending on the physical the model and replicability. In line with
to design, plan, prioritize and build
condition and age of the beneficiaries, this, UN-Habitat argues that local
resilient housing and shelter models.
they can take an active part in the technologies should be studied in order
Government technicians, local
construction and benefit from training to to improve them, as replicability and
artisans (men and women), youth and
help them maintain the houses. ownership are highly dependent on local
women's associations are trained in
culture.
resilient construction throughout the Environmental Consideration Other Information
project implementation. Following the To ensure environmental sustainability The people-centred process is a
three (3) resilience principles (cultural UN-Habitat promotes the following fundamental requirement of UN-Habitat
appropriation, local technologies and principles: 1. prioritize the practice of interventions, as it ensures the creation
climate adaptation), the models are good execution and application of of capacity at the community level to
diversified depending the location and materials, 2. implement site mapping prepare for, respond to and adapt to
building materials is collected locally and risk assessment, 3. implement future crises. The participation of women
or brought into the community, diversification of models (conventional, and young people is encouraged, and it
following strict environmental and mixed and/or local) and 4. encourage is essential that cross-cutting issues of
resilience standards. the use of certified materials by PSEA and GBV are implemented
Resilient Houses in Icidua, Quelimane (2017/2019) suppliers. throughout the process.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2012 - 2024 www.sheltercluster.org
 [PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo (Mandruzi), Nhamatanda (Metuchira)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Model T1 Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
The implementation of these models in This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
IDAI's post-cyclone reconstruction uses a implemented in Mandruzi (Dondo), conventional construction techniques,
participatory and community-centered and Metuchira (Nhamatanda), obtaining of materials from local
methodology. The model is new to the endorsed by local government and the suppliers and use of local labour as a
community therefore it has been community was trained to built. way of boosting the local economy and
implemented in Vilanculos and Xai-Xai promoting community resilience.
and is being identified as a suitable model
for cyclone affected areas, with good
Environmental Consideration
acceptance, has been proposed as a pilot Other Information
for dissemination in the areas of Beira, The construction of these houses
Dondo, Nhamatanda and Buzi. involves the use of pressed bricks, for The artisans were selected by local
which the soil must have specific leaders and were also trained in resilient
This resilient housing solution can be characteristics, so this implementation construction. In addition to construction,
used as a durable solution in local may involve excavations that may affect the training covered topics such as the
integration, return or resettlement the local environment. Excavation is sustainable use of local materials, the
situations in urban, peri-urban or rural recommended in accordance with local production of cement blocks, and the
context. environmental standards and with a selection and use of wood in resilient
Model T2 mitigation plan. roofs.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
 [PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo (Mandruzi), Nhamatanda (Metuchira)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
Model T1  Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Ferrocement vault.  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Walls: conventional wall with emergency shelter
 1-2 years stabilized blocks and concrete  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years beams and pillars.  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
Floors: simple concrete with burnt  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time cement finish term recovery and stability
 1-2 days
 3-5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used
 >5 days Ferrocement vault, wall and roof Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days reinforced connections, strong  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
foundations etc. communities.
 Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants Shelter estimated cost
Material cost: USD 8,400
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: USD 2,400*
T1: 21 sqm (m2) 3m X 7m 3.5m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 1,200)
Model T2 T2: 30 sqm (m2) 3m X 10m suitable for 6-8 occupants Implemented by Contractors

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo (Mandruzi) and Buzi (Guara-Guara)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
This model was designed with the This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
involvement of government technicians implemented in Mandruzi (Dondo), conventional construction techniques,
and community members through and Guara-Guara (Buzi), was obtaining of materials from local
participatory housing design workshop. designed by the government suppliers and use of local labour as a
technicians and community members. way of boosting the local economy and
To speed up assistance and promoting community resilience.
implementation, these models were
implemented using a hybrid approach,
Environmental Consideration
with contractors overseeing construction Other Information
and stabilized blocks supplied by local The construction of these houses
associations established, trained and involves the use of pressed bricks, for The artisans were selected by local
empowered by the project. which the soil must have specific leaders and were also trained in resilient
characteristics, so this implementation construction. In addition to construction,
This resilient housing solution can be may involve excavations that may affect the training covered topics such as the
used as a durable solution in local the local environment. Excavation is sustainable use of local materials, the
integration, return or resettlement recommended in accordance with local production of cement blocks, and the
situations in urban, peri-urban or rural environmental standards and with a selection and use of wood in resilient
context. mitigation plan. roofs.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo (Mandruzi), Buzi (Guara-Guara)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails.  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years Walls: conventional wall with  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
stabilized blocks and concrete  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time beams and pillars. term recovery and stability
 1-2 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt
 3-5 days cement finish
 >5 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
Roof connections, wall and roof communities.
reinforced connections, strong  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
foundations, 2 slope Roof, wood this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up treatment, etc.  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants Shelter estimated cost
Material cost: USD 8,400
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: USD 2,400*
T1: 36 sqm (m2) 6m X 6m 4.5m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 1,200)
Including verandas suitable for 4-8 occupants Implemented by Contractors

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023-2024] www.sheltercluster.org
 [PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe (Marokani)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
Model T3 Square, hipped-roof, Swahili-style house This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
model, designed with the involvement of implemented in Marokani (Ancuabe) , conventional construction techniques,
government technicians and built with the was designed by the government obtaining of materials from local
active participation of skilled and unskilled technicians through a technical suppliers and use of local labour as a
community members (women and consultations meetings and built using way of boosting the local economy and
youth).The construction team consists of locally available labour and promoting community resilience.
two masons, two carpenters and five construction material.
selected workers, all hired from the
community. Environmental Consideration Other Information

The beneficiaries of the houses also These resilient houses use local forest The artisans were selected by local
participated as helpers and contributed to materials (bamboo and poles) collected leaders and were also trained in resilient
the process of filling the walls with mud by the community in accordance with construction. In addition to construction,
and painting the houses. requirements set by national the training covered topics such as the
authorities. The involvement of the sustainable use of local materials, the
This resilient housing solution can be community in the construction process production of cement blocks, and the
used as a durable solution in local ensures long-term durability and selection and use of wood in resilient
Model T2 integration, return or resettlement sustainability by strengthening their roofs.
situations. maintenance skills.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
 [PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ancuabe (Marokani)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
Model T3 Model T2  Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails.  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years Walls: #option1: conventional wall  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
with cement block and concrete  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time beams and pillars. #option 2: term recovery and stability
 1-2 days mixed material wall with local
 3-5 days stakes, bamboos, cement plaster
 >5 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days cement finish  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
communities.
DRR/Resilience techniques used  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
Roof connections, wall and roof this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up reinforced connections, strong  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans foundations, 4 slope Roof, wood for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants treatment, etc.
Shelter estimated cost
Material cost: T2 USD 2,520* / T3 USD 3,360*
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: T2 USD 720* / T3 USD 960*
T2: 36 sqm (m2) 6m X 6m 4.5m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 360 /480)
T3.: 48 sqm (m2) 8m X 6m suitable for 6-10 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2023] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Methodology
Participation
Conventional urban incremental house
This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional
model built by hired and trained local
implemented in Dondo, was construction techniques, sourcing of
craftsmen (skilled and unskilled). The
designed by the community through materials from local suppliers and use of
construction team consists of two
a participatory design workshop and local labour as a way of boosting the
masons, one carpenter and five selected
built using locally available labour local economy and promoting
servants, all hired to ensure the quality of
and with the active participation of community resilience.
the work.
the beneficiaries, who acted as
servants and sometimes Other Information
The beneficiaries of the project also
construction supervisors..
participated actively, acting as helpers
and contributing to the construction The artisans were selected by local
Environmental Consideration leaders and were also trained in resilient
process and learn resilient building
techniques for maintaining the house. construction. In addition to construction,
Minimal environmental impact
the training covered topics such as the
through the use of conventional
This resilient housing solution can be sustainable use of local materials, the
materials sourced from certified
implemented as a durable solution in production of cement blocks, and the
suppliers. Waste from the house
urban and peri-urban areas.. selection and use of wood in resilient
destroyed by the cyclone was used to
roofs.
fill the floors of the house.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2020] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Sofala  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Dondo
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails, Gable  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years beams.  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
Walls: Cement block walls,  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time reinforced concrete beams and term recovery and stability
 1-2 days columns, cement mortar plaster.
 3-5 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt
 >5 days cement finish Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
DRR/Resilience techniques used communities.
Roof connections, wall and roof  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
reinforced connections, strong this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up foundations, Raised floor, wood  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
3 skilled artisans treatment, etc. for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants Shelter estimated cost
Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 3,850*
Shelter area 5m X 4.2m 4/5.3 m2 per person
Labour cost: USD 1,100*
Core: 21 sqm (m2) 8m X 4.2m suitable for 6-8 occupants
*not including logistics (10% = USD 550)
Exp.: 33,2 sqm (m )2

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2020] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Zambezia  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Quelimane (Icidua)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
Mixed-material resilient house model, with This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
square shape, hipped-roof designed with implemented in Icidua (Quelimane), conventional construction techniques,
the involvement of Municipal technicians was replicated by the community obtaining of materials from local
and built with the active participation of members and it helped to enhance suppliers and use of local labour as a
skilled and unskilled community members community resilience. This model way of boosting the local economy and
(women and youth). The construction resisted to cyclone Freddy. promoting community resilience.
team consists of two masons, two
carpenters and five selected workers, all
hired from the community. Environmental Consideration Other Information

This model was built using coconut wood These resilient houses use local The artisans were selected by local
to make the wall structure and the roof coconut wood provided by local leaders and were also trained in resilient
structure, with the involvement of a local enterprise. construction. In addition to construction,
carpentry workshop that produces the training covered topics such as the
coconut wood. The involvement of the community in sustainable use of local materials, the
the construction process ensures long- production of cement blocks, and the
This resilient housing solution can be term durability and sustainability by selection and use of wood in resilient
used as a durable solution in urban and strengthening their maintenance skills. roofs.
peri-urban areas.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Zambezia  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Quelimane (Icidua)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails.  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years Walls: Mixed material wall using  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
coconut wood structure, bamboo,  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time mud and cement plastering. term recovery and stability
 1-2 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt
 3-5 days cement finish
 >5 days Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days DRR/Resilience techniques used  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
Roof connections, wall and roof communities.
reinforced connections, strong  Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
foundations, 4 slope Roof, wood this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up treatment, etc.  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants Shelter estimated cost
Material cost: T1 USD 2,240* / T2 USD 4,550*
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: T1 USD 640* / T2 USD 980*
T2: 24 sqm (m2) 6m X 4m 3.65m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 320 /650)
T3.: 36 sqm (m2) 6m X 6m suitable for 5-8 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Pemba (Chuiba)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
These resilient housing models in mixed This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
and conventional materials were implemented in Chuiba (Pemba), was conventional construction techniques,
designed with the involvement of replicated by the community members obtaining of materials from local
Municipal technicians and built with the and it helped to enhance community suppliers and use of local labour as a
active participation of skilled and unskilled resilience. This model resisted to way of boosting the local economy and
artisans. The construction team consists secondary effects of cyclone Kenneth. promoting community resilience.
of two masons, two carpenters and six
selected workers, all hired from the
community. Environmental Consideration Other Information

This model was built using local stakes Minimal environmental impact using The artisans were selected by local
and woods to make the wall structure and conventional materials sourced from leaders and were also trained in resilient
the roof structure. And the cement blocks certified suppliers. construction. In addition to construction,
for the walls were produced by the the training covered topics such as the
community. The involvement of the community in sustainable use of local materials, the
the construction process ensures long- production of cement blocks, and the
This resilient housing solution can be term durability and sustainability by selection and use of wood in resilient
used in urban and peri-urban areas as a strengthening their maintenance skills. roofs.
urban durable solution.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Pemba (Chuiba)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails.  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years Walls: #Option 1:Mixed material  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
wall using coconut wood structure,  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time bamboo, mud and cement term recovery and stability
 1-2 days plastering. #Option 2: Cement
 3-5 days block, Concrete beams and pillars
 >5 days etc Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
cement finish communities.
 Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
DRR/Resilience techniques used this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up Roof connections, wall and roof  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans reinforced connections, strong for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants foundations, 4 slope roof and 2
Shelter estimated cost
slope roof , wood treatment, etc.
Material cost: T1 USD 2,440* / T2 USD 4,660*
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: T1 USD 840* / T2 USD 1010*
T1: 24 sqm (m2) 6m X 4m 3.65m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 360 /690)
T2.: 36 sqm (m )2
6m X 6m suitable for 5-8 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Nampula  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Ilha de Moçambique
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Methodology Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices (Sustainability)
Participation
These resilient housing models in mixed This resilient housing model, Use of improved conventional and non-
and conventional materials were implemented in Macicate (Ilha de conventional construction techniques,
designed with the involvement of Moçambique) resisted to effects of the obtaining of materials from local
Municipal technicians and built with the cyclones Eloise, Ana and Gombe. suppliers and use of local labour as a
active participation of skilled and unskilled way of boosting the local economy and
artisans. The construction team consists The technics were replicated in the promoting community resilience.
of two masons, two carpenters and six neighborhood by the community
selected workers, all hired from the members.
community. Environmental Consideration Other Information

This model was built using local stakes Minimal environmental impact using The artisans were selected by local
and woods to make the wall structure and conventional materials sourced from leaders and were also trained in resilient
the roof structure. And the cement blocks certified suppliers. construction. In addition to construction,
for the walls were produced by the the training covered topics such as the
community. The involvement of the community in sustainable use of local materials, the
the construction process ensures long- production of cement blocks, and the
This resilient housing solution can be term durability and sustainability by selection and use of wood in resilient
used in urban and peri-urban areas as an strengthening their maintenance skills. roofs.
urban durable solution.

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
[PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS]

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Pemba (Chuiba)
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Galvanized IBR Roof  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months Sheeting, Hurricane clips, treated emergency shelter
 1-2 years timber, umbrella nails.  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years Walls: #Option 1:Mixed material  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded
wall using coconut wood structure,  Improves overall well-being and promotes long-
Shelter set-up time bamboo, mud and cement term recovery and stability
 1-2 days plastering. #Option 2: Cement
 3-5 days block, Concrete beams and pillars
 >5 days etc Challenges/Disadvantages
 >15 days Floors: simple concrete with burnt  Cost may be high for the most vulnerable
cement finish communities.
 Requires plastering to protect the walls from rain,
DRR/Resilience techniques used this increases the cost.
Workforce required for set up Roof connections, wall and roof  The total area of the house and bedrooms is small
4 skilled artisans reinforced connections, strong for the average Mozambican family.
5 servants foundations, 4 slope roof and 2
Shelter estimated cost
slope roof , wood treatment, etc.
Material cost: T1 USD 2,590* / T2 USD 4,340*
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability Labour cost: T1 USD 740* / T2 USD 1240*
T1: 24 sqm (m2) 6m X 4m 3.65m2 per person *not including logistics (10% = USD 370 /600)
T2.: 36 sqm (m )2
6m X 6m suitable for 5-8 occupants

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

[2017-2019] www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chiúre - Nacivare
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Average Shelter life span Materials Advantages
 1-3 months Roofing: Zinc Sheets, wood beans  More durable housing solution compared to
 3-6 months and nails. emergency shelter
 1-2 years Walls: Pau a Pique (bamboo, stick  Local and culturally adapted
 2-5 years timer, mud plastering, nails off  Shelter can be upgraded and expanded, adapting
different sizes, recycled rubber rope the pantry/kitchen
Shelter set-up time and wire)
 1-2 days Floors: soil Challenges/Disadvantages
 3-5 days  May be more expensive than an emergency
 >5 days DRR/Resilience techniques used shelter
 >15 days Roof connections, wall bracings,  Takes longer to build than an emergency shelter
strong foundations, wood treatment  Delay in cleaning the walls due to lack of water
and pavement preparation  Lack of construction material locally

Workforce required for set up

3 skilled 3 unskilled
Shelter estimated cost
Shelter area Shelter dimensions Shelter habitability
Material cost: USD 807,95*
22 sqm (m2) 5.5m X 4m 4.8m per person
Labour cost: USD 33,20
suitable for 3 occupants
*not including logistics

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2024 www.sheltercluster.org
PERMANENT HOUSING SOLUTIONS

Province(s): Context/Trigger of response Shelter category

Cabo Delgado  Conflict  Emergency Shelter
 Cyclone  Transitional Shelter
District(s):  Floods  Permanent Shelter
Chiúre - Nacivare
Setting Type of site
 Rural  Temporary site
 Urban  Relocation site, Resettlement sites
 Host areas/affected areas
 Return/origin location
PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Community Engagement/ Cultural Practices

Methodology
Participation (Sustainability)
Families will be mobilized to chip in
CARE trained and equipped a group It is possible to upgrade and
wooden poles and bamboos and then the
of local volunteer carpenters, later the improve, extension is also
families will receive other additional
group would carry out roofing work on possible using a progressive
materials for the construction: rope, wire,
the shelters through a selection of the approach. Especially when
nails, sheets and beams.
most outstanding in the group, as this adapting the pantry/kitchen in
was specialized work. the balcony part.
A mixed construction committee (men
and women) will be set up to make the
wall structure and assemble the roof Environmental Consideration Other Information
structure and the roof will be made with Uses locally available resources for ____________________________
another group of specialized carpenters, support, allowing the beneficiary to make ____________________________
and the construction will be carried out by upgrades and repairs as needed.. ____________________________
a team of 5 people per shelter. - Windows can be added to allow for ____________________________
optimum air circulation.
-Wooden posts and bamboo need to be
treated to combat termites.
- You can use the roof sheets to collect
rainwater

Mozambique Shelter Cluster

2024 www.sheltercluster.org