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Chapter-1 Basic Electrical Engineering Parameters

The document is a chapter from a course on Basic Electrical Engineering, covering fundamental concepts such as electrostatics, electric current, voltage, electrical power, and energy. It explains key terms and laws, including Coulomb's Law, the difference between AC and DC, and Faraday's Laws of Inductance. Additionally, it provides examples and mathematical relationships relevant to electrical engineering parameters.

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Minale Birlie
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
60 views

Chapter-1 Basic Electrical Engineering Parameters

The document is a chapter from a course on Basic Electrical Engineering, covering fundamental concepts such as electrostatics, electric current, voltage, electrical power, and energy. It explains key terms and laws, including Coulomb's Law, the difference between AC and DC, and Faraday's Laws of Inductance. Additionally, it provides examples and mathematical relationships relevant to electrical engineering parameters.

Uploaded by

Minale Birlie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dire Dawa University Institute of

Technology
College of Electrical & Computer
Engineering
Fundamental of Electrical Engineering
ECEg-2052
Chapter-1
Basic Electrical Engineering Parameters

By: Minale B.
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Introduction

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System Units

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Definition of Basic Terms

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Definition of Basic Terms
Coulomb’s Laws of Electrostatics

• The law states that the magnitude of the attractive or repulsive


electrostatic force between two point charges is directly
proportional to the product of the magnitudes of their charges
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them.

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Definition of Basic Terms
Electric Current
• The time rate of change of charge, measured in amperes (A).
• The movement of charge is called a current.
• Current, i, is measured as charge moved per unit time.
• One Ampere (A), is one Coulomb/second.
• A current that remains constant with time is called Direct Current (DC).
• A current that varies sinusoidally with time
is called Alternating Current (AC).

• Mathematically, the relationship between current


i, charge q and time t is

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Difference Between AC & DC

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Cont.
Example 1.1; How much charge is represented by 4,600 electrons?

Example 1.2; The total charge entering a terminal is given by q= 5tsin 4πt mC.
Calculate the current at t= 0.5s.

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Cont.
Voltage
• Electrons move when there is a difference in charge between two locations.
• This difference is expressed at the potential difference, or voltage (V).
• It is always expressed with reference to two locations.
• It is an electrical pressure required to move a unit charge through an element.
• It is equal to the energy needed to move a unit charge between the locations.
• Positive charge moving from a higher potential to a lower yields energy.
• Moving from negative to positive requires energy.

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Electrical Power and Energy
• Power is the time rate of producing or absorbing energy, measured in watts(W).
• Circuit Elements that absorb power have a positive value of P.
• Circuit Elements that produce power have a negative value of P.

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Electrical Power and Energy

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Cont.
Example 1.3: An energy source forces a constant current of 2A for 10s to flow
through a light bulb. If 2.3kJ is given off in the form of light and heat energy,
calculate the voltage drop across the bulb.

Example1.4: How much energy does a 100W electric bulb consume in two hours?

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Cont.
Example1.5: Find the power delivered to an element at t=3ms if the current
entering its positive terminal is i=5 cos60πt A and the voltage is.
a. v=3i, b, v= 3di/dt

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• The relationship between temperature and resistance depends on
the material type.
• For most materials, especially metals, resistance increases with
an increase in temperature, while for others like semiconductors,
the resistance decreases as temperature increases.

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Faraday’s Laws of Self &Mutual Inductance
• Faraday's laws describe how a change in the magnetic environment of a coil of
wire induces a voltage (or electromotive force) in the coil. These laws are
fundamental to understanding self-inductance and mutual inductance.
• Self-inductance: A coil induces an EMF in itself due to a changing current.
• Mutual inductance: A coil induces an EMF in a nearby coil due to a changing
current in the first coil.
• These principles are widely used in transformers, inductors, and many other
electromagnetic devices.

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Thank You!

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