Started on Friday, 9 October 2020, 3:07 PM

State Finished
Completed on Friday, 9 October 2020, 4:22 PM
Time taken 1 hour 14 mins
Marks 50/50
Grade 10 out of 10 (100%)
Question 1
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1
An exaggerated thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone
administration is most likely to be found in a person who has:
Select one:
a. Elevated plasma thyroxine
b. Pituitary insufficiency
c. Primary hypothyroidism
d. Secondary hypothyroidism
e. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins
Question 2
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The rate of water reabsorption from the proximal tubule is determined primarily by the:

Select one:
a. active transport of water molecules by the proximal tubule cells
b. concentration of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) in the blood
c. rate of dissolved particle (solute) reabsorption from the proximal tubule
d. osmotic pressure developed by plasma proteins in the proximal tubule
e. passive filtration due to the high hydrostatic pressure in the proximal tubule
Question 3
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is not an important response of the body in preventing blood loss
after rupture of a small blood vessel?

Select one:
a. Vasodilation
b. Formation of platelet plug

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c. An increased perivascular pressure associated with the production of haematoma
d. Vasoconstriction
e. Formation of insoluble fibrin thread
Question 4
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1
Hypoxaemia produces hyperventilation by a direct effect on the:

Select one:
a. Phrenic nerve
b. Carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors
c. J receptors
d. Lung stretch receptors
e. Medullary chemoreceptors
Question 5
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is INCORRECT about complete digestion of foodstuffs?

Select one:
a. Proteases include pepsin
b. Protein digestion is completed in the small intestines
c. Lipase activity is facilitated by the presence of bile
d. Some proteins may escape digestion to constituent amino acid and hence may be
absorbed by pinocytosis
e. Carbohydrate digestion is completed by pancreatic enzyme
A patient is infused with para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) to measure renal blood flow (RBF).
She has a urine flow rate of 1 mL/min, a plasma [PAH] of 1 mg/mL, urine [PAH] of 600
mg/mL, and a hematocrit of 45%. What is her "effective" RBF?

Select one:
a. 1333 mL/min
b. 660 mL/min
c. 1201 mL/min
d. 600 mL/min
e. 1091 mL/min
Question 7
Correct

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Mark 1 out of 1

Which one of the following is true about circulating erythrocytes?

Select one:
a. Are about 1 per cent nucleated
b. Remain unchanged as they pass through the capillaries
c. May show an intracellular network pattern if appropriately stained
d. Travel at slower velocity in venules than in capillaries
e. Are distributed evenly across the blood stream in large blood vessels
Question 8
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the swallowing reflex?

Select one:
a. Is dependent on intrinsic nerve networks in the oesophagus
b. Includes inhibition of respiration
c. It is not possible to swallow in upside down position
d. Is not initiated by a voluntary act
e. Has its reflex centres in the cervical segments of the spinal cord
Question 9
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following best describes the endocrine hormones?

Select one:
a. Released by axon terminals of neurons into the synaptic junctions and act locally to
control nerve cell functions
b. Secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect neighbouring cells of a different
type
c. Released by glands into the circulating blood and influence the function of cells at
another distant location in the body
d. Secreted by neurons into the circulating blood and influence the function of cells at
another location in the body
e. Secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect the function of the same cells that
produced them by binding to cell surface receptors

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Question 10
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

In the proximal tubule, penicillin is

Select one:
a. passively reabsorbed from the tubule
b. neither secreted nor reabsorbed nor metabolized
c. actively reabsorbed from the tubule
d. metabolized by the tubule cells
e. actively secreted into the tubule
Which of the following is true with regard to what happens in Respiratory Distress
Syndrome (RDS)

Select one:
a. There is aspiration of amniotic fluid
b. Pulmonary oedema is mainly due to loss of elastin in the capillaries
c. Patchy distributing of areas with poor compliance and ventilation is typical of RDS
d. Inspiration is a greater problem than expiration
e. There is a grossly increased surfactant pool
Question 12
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance?

Select one:
a. Medium-sized bronchi
b. Largest bronchi
c. Trachea
d. Alveoli
e. Smallest bronchi
Question 13
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following would be expected to cause renal creatinine clearance to increase?

Select one:

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a. constriction of the efferent arteriole
b. dilation of the afferent arteriole
c. constriction of the afferent arteriole
d. dilation of the efferent arteriole
Question 14
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Regarding the antibodies, they are produced at a greater rate after a first, than after a
second, exposure to an antigen six weeks later.

Select one:
True
False
Question 15
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The hormone produced from the anterior pituitary gland is?

Select one:
a. Somatostatin
b. Thyroid-stimulating hormone
c. Oxytocin
d. Antidiuretic hormone
e. Growth hormone releasing hormone
Which of the following hormones relaxes the myometrium?
Select one:
a. Progesterone
b. Prolactin
c. Human chorionic gonadotropin
d. Estriol
e. Oxytocin
Question 17
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

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Regarding the growth hormone, which of the following statements INCORRECT?

Select one:
a. Stimulates the liver to secrete somatomedins which regulate bone and cartilage growth
b. Promotes positive nitrogen and phosphorous balance
c. Levels in the blood are higher in children than in adults
d. Secretion surges during sleep
e. Secretion is under the hypothalamic control
Question 18
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?

Select one:
a. Formation of faeces
b. Absorption of nutrients
c. Mechanical digestion of food
d. Regulation of blood glucose
e. Chemical digestion of food
Question 19
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following substances has the highest renal clearance?

Select one:
a. Cl-
b. PAH
c. Inulin
d. Na+
Question 20
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

If the ejection fraction increases, there will be a decrease in:

Select one:

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a. End-systolic volume
b. Pulse pressure
c. Systolic pressure
d. End-diastolic volume
e. Cardiac output
The plexus that is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the
muscularis is:

Select one:
a. Submucosal plexus
b. Myenteric plexus
c. Absorption plexus
d. Enteric nervous system
e. Digestive plexus
Question 22
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Vomiting is caused by violent rhythmic contractions of gut smooth muscles.

Select one:
True
False
Question 23
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

In normal human blood:

Select one:
a. There are more platelets than red blood cells
b. There are more white blood cells than red blood cells
c. There are more Iymphocytes than neutrophils
d. The iron is mostly in haemoglobin
e. The eosinophil is the most common type of white blood cell
Question 24
Correct

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Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is incorrect about normal blood clotting?

Select one:
a. There must be sufficient dietary intake of vitamin C
b. Calcium ions must be present
c. Heparin must be inactivated
d. The liver must have an adequate supply of vitamin K
Question 25
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Blood group agglutinogens are:

Select one:
a. Not equally immunogenic
b. Carried on the haemoglobin molecule
c. Equally immunogenic
d. Inherited as recessive Mendelian characteristics
e. Not present in foetal blood
Breakdown of erythrocytes in the body:
Select one:
a. Takes place outside the reticulo-endothelial system
b. Yields bilirubin which is carried by plasma protein to the liver
c. Yields iron, most of which is excreted in the urine
d. Is required for the synthesis of bile salts
Question 27
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Platelets production is controlled by a single haematopoietic growth factor.

Select one:
True
False

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Question 28
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1
Which of the following is true about the reabsorption of filtered HCO3-?

Select one:
a. Is directly linked to excretion of H+ as NH4+
b. Acidifies tubular fluid to a pH of 44
c. Is inhibited by decreases in arterial PCO2
d. Can proceed normally in the presence of a renal carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Question 29
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent is increased by:

Select one:
a. Increased viscosity
b. Decreased velocity of blood flow
c. Partial occlusion of a blood vessel
d. Blood coagulation
e. Increased haematocrit
Question 30
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is not true about the lymphocytes:

Select one:
a. Can transform into plasma cells
b. Constitute 1–2 per cent of circulating white cells
c. Decrease in number during immunosuppressive drug therapy
d. Are motile
The ventricles are completely depolarized during which isoelectric portion of the ECG?

Select one:
a. QRS complex
b. PR interval
c. QT interval
d. ST segment

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e. T wave
Question 32
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The physiologic function of the relatively slow conduction through the atrioventricular node
is to allow sufficient time for:
Select one:
a. runoff of blood from the aorta to the arteries
b. repolarization of the ventricles
c. venous return to the atria
d. contraction of the ventricles
e. filling of the ventricles
Question 33
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following is correct about precordial leads placement during

electrocardiography?
Select one:
a. V1 is placed in 2nd intercostal space on right sternum
b. V5: Placed on right anterior axillary line
c. V3 is place between V3 and V4
d. V2 is placed on 4th intercostal space on left parasternal area
e. V4 is place on right midclavicular line
Question 34
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Kidney inflammation may result in the appearance of albumin (a plasma protein) in the
urine because:

Select one:
a. more albumin enters the proximal tubule in the glomerular filtrate
b. reduced active transport of sodium ion reduces cotransport of other substances, including
albumin
c. secretion of albumin into the distal tubule and collecting ducts is increased

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d. increased peritubular blood flow makes more albumin available for diffusion into the
tubule
e. reabsorption of albumin from the proximal tubule is inhibited

Question 35
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1
As fluid passes along a juxtamedullary nephron, where is its osmolality lowest assuming
there is a normal concentration of circulating ADH?

Select one:
a. fluid leaving the descending thin limb and entering the ascending thin limb of the loop of
Henle
b. fluid leaving the collecting ducts
c. Bowman's capsule
d. fluid leaving the thick ascending segment of the loop of Henle and entering the distal
tubule
e. fluid leaving the proximal tubule and entering the loop of He
Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired?
Select one:
a. Functional residual capacity
b. Residual volume
c. Inspiratory capacity
d. Total lung capacity
e. Expiratory reserve volume
Question 37
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Secretion of K+ by the distal tubule will be decreased by:

Select one:
a. Frusemide administration
b. Hyperaldosteronism
c. Spironolactone administration
d. Metabolic alkalosis
e. A high-K+ diet
Question 38

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Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Sodium is actively reabsorbed from the renal tubule in which of the following nephron
segments?
Select one:
a. distal tubule
b. None is correct
c. proximal tubule
d. thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Question 39
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

Select one:
a. Because they stimulate the parasympathetic nerves supplying the GI tract
b. They do not affect digestion
c. Because all emotions are controlled by the vagus nerve
d. Because they stimulate the somatic nerves that supply the GI tract
e. Because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
Question 40
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

………………is the cell that secretes the hormone that promotes the production of gastric acid.

Select one:
a. Chyme cell
b. Parietal cell
c. Chief cell
d. Neck cell
e. G cell
An increase in plasma parathyroid hormone level would lead to an increase in which of the
following?

Select one:
a. Collagen synthesis
b. Renal proximal tubular reabsorption of Ca2+
c. The number of active osteoblasts

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d. Renal synthesis in calcitriol
e. Plasma inorganic phosphate concentration
Question 42
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Drinking alcohol would be expected to cause:

Select one:
a. excretion of a large volume of concentrated urine
b. small volume of dilute urine
c. small volume of concentrated urine
d. normal volume of urine of normal osmolality
e. large volume of dilute urine
Question 43
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The receptor that are located on the alveolar and bronchial walls close to the capillaries are
called:

Select one:
a. Cough receptors
b. Juxta pulmonary receptors
c. Pulmonary stretch receptors
d. Proprioceptors
e. Irritant receptor
Question 44
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Basophils carry surface membrane receptors for the IgE.

Select one:
True
False
Question 45
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

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A person has a vital capacity (VC) of 5 L, a tidal volume (TV) of 0.5 L, an inspiratory capacity
of 3.5 L, and a functional residual capacity (FRC) of 2.5 L. What is his expiratory reserve
volume (ERV)?

Select one:
a. 25000 mL
b. 3600 mL
c. 2000 mL
d. 1500 mL
e. 3000 mL
Stimulation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus would be expected to cause all of
the following to increase except:

Select one:
a. ADH release from the pituitary
b. rate of urine formation
c. water reabsorption from the renal collecting duct
d. osmolality of urine
Question 47
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily:

Select one:
a. Titratable acid excretion
b. Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
c. HCO3- filtered load
d. Filtered load of H+
Question 48
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

The extrasystolic beat would produce:

Select one:
a. Decreased pulse pressure because ventricular filling time is increased
b. Decreased pulse pressure because stroke volume is decreased
c. Increased pulse pressure because heart rate is increased
d. Increased pulse pressure because contractility is increased
e. Decreased pulse pressure because the PR interval is increased

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Question 49
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

Which of the following would produce an increase in the reabsorption of isosmotic fluid in
the proximal tubule?

Select one:
a. O2 deprivation
b. Increased filtration fraction
c. Decreased peritubular capillary protein concentration
d. Increased peritubular capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 50
Correct
Mark 1 out of 1

In haemophilia, there is deficiency of red blood cells.

Select one:
True
False

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