FURNACE USING DOUBLE COIL DEWAXING

MACHINE

SYNOPSIS

The electrical chamber furnaces are especially designed for dewaxing and

subsequent firing of the ceramic form. The electrically heated models are operated

below the ignition point of the wax during dewaxing. The furnaces have a heated

mild steel drain in the bottom of the furnace chamber, formed as a funnel with the

discharge near the center of the furnace. The drainage is made of mild steel. The

mild steel grids in the bottom can be removed for cleaning. To prevent draining

wax from ignition, there is a tight mild steel container under the furnace with a

removable drawer for wax collection as a safety feature. After the dewaxing

process is finished the furnace continues heating in order to sinter the molds.

The main methodology of this project can be explained with a help of block

diagram. The temperature in the furnace is transferred to the thermocouple, which

converts temperature into milli-volts. For 100 degree centigrade the voltage

developed is about 20 mill volts. The output from the thermocouple is non-linear

and it has to be linear and also should be amplified. The main use of Span

adjustment and Zero adjustment are to maintain the maximum and minimum

temperature respectively.
 INTRODUCTION

Temperature in the furnace can be controlled by a conventional relay. But a

conventional relay is said to work for only one million operations and hence the lifetime

is very less. In order to avoid this difficulty and control the temperature for N number of

operations and N number of years, we are designing a solid-state relay, which is a

combination of OPTO TRIAC and SCR connected back to back. Our project is designed

to gratify these objectives.

1. SOLID STATE CLOSED LOOP CONTROL

2. INCREASING THERMAL AND ELECTRICL EFFICIENCY

3. SUITABILITY FOR ANY RANGE OF TEMPERATURE (30 TO 1000

DEGREES)

4. LESS COMPLEXITY WITH EASY INTERFACE

5. DIRECT DIGITAL DISPLAY

6. ONLINE TEMPERATURE DISPLAY WITH TIME

7. INTERNATIONAL COMPATABILITY

8. RECORDING WITH REAL TIME

9. BUILT-IN ZERO CROSSING DETECTOR AND SOLID STATE RELAY TO

AVOID RANDOM SWITCHING

10. OPEN THERMOCOUPLE PROTECTION

The main methodology of this project can be explained with a help of block

diagram. The temperature in the furnace is transferred to the thermocouple, which

converts temperature into milli-volts.

For 100 degree centigrade the voltage developed is about 20 milli-volts. The

output from the thermocouple is non-linear and it has to be linear and also should be

amplified.

The main use of Span adjustment and Zero adjustment are to maintain the

maximum and minimum temperature respectively. The PIC16F877 microcontroller is

used for this project. The temperature sensor signal is given to the microcontroller unit.

This microcontroller is having inbuilt ADC so this signal is processed by the

microcontroller and the data is displayed on the LCD display unit.

 The construction of this electric furnace is shown in figure 2.2. The main principle

of this furnace is that mode of heating, which is by convection and radiation.

 The electric heater has the ability to produce heat on the material which it passes

through. Within the heating system the heat is made to pass through the material

which has to be heated and also it heats the air around the material.

 Thus the heat is produced on the material and also on the surrounding air. In this

system of heating we use electric heater to produce the heat. The power supply

unit is used to provide the electrical supply for the electric heater and also for the

control unit.

 The control is an automatic type which will compare its input. The input to the

control unit is provided by numerical input system and by thermocouple feedback.

A display unit is connected to the control unit which will display the present

temperature of the furnace in the 16 X 2 LED display.

 The power supply to the furnace is control is made by control unit. Initially a

preset temperature is provided as an input to the control unit, now the control unit

compares the preset temperature and the present temperature from the

thermocouple feedback.
  There will be a continuous power supply to the furnace until the temperature

inside the furnace and preset temperature becomes equal. Then the temperature is

constantly maintained within the chamber by the control system.

FIG 2.2

DOUBLE
LAYER
ELECTRIC
HEATER
FURNACE
 CONTROL UNIT:-

The temperature sensor senses the temperature of the furnace. This sensing signal

is given to the microcontroller unit PIC16F877. When the current temperature is bellow

the set temperature, the output from the PIC activates the relay to function the

corresponding cooler or heater.

In our project 12 volt power supply unit is used. This power supply output is given

to the control unit. The temperature of the furnace is sensed by the Thermistor sensor

LM35 and this control signal is given to the microcontroller unit. The each and every

outputs of temperature is viewed on the LED display.

ADVANTAGES

 Simple in construction

 This system is noiseless in operation

 It is portable, so it can be transferred easily from one place to other place

 Lead material to be melted in this project

 Maintenance cost is low

 The LED display monitors the current temperature of the furnace continuously.
DISADVANTAGES

 Power requirement of the furnace is high

 Initial cost is high

APPLICATION

Industries

Home

We can maintain the room temperature at required level by small

modification.