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 Counseling Theories
and Techniques
for Rehabilitation
and Mental Health
Professionals
Second Edition

Fong Chan
Norman L. Berven
Kenneth R. Thomas
Editors
 This book is dedicated to the authors of the individual chapters,
a highly competent and dedicated group of colleagues, including a
number of former doctoral students in rehabilitation counseling/
psychology at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. We sincerely
appreciate their contributions to this book and their patience and
support in the long process of bringing this project to fruition.
 Contents

Contributors xiii
Preface xvii
Share Counseling Theories and Techniques for Rehabilitation and Mental
Health Professionals: Second Edition

PART I: INTRODUCTION

1. An Introduction to Counseling for Rehabilitation and Mental Health

Professionals 1
Norman L. Berven, Kenneth R. Thomas, and Fong Chan

PART II: COUNSELING THEORIES

Humanistic Approaches
2. Person-Centered Counseling 15
John See and Brian Kamnetz

3. Solution-Focused Brief Therapy 49

Ebonee T. Johnson, Garrett Huck, Jessica Brooks, Erin Moser, John Blake,
and Fong Chan

4. Gestalt Therapy 69
Charles Edmund Degeneffe and Ruth Torkelson Lynch

Cognitive and Behavioral Approaches

5. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy 91
Elizabeth A. Boland, Timothy N. Tansey, and Jessica Brooks

6. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 109

Malachy Bishop and Allison R. Fleming

7. Behavior Therapy 133

Jennifer L. Stoll and Jessica Brooks

ix
x CONTENTS

8. Trait–Factor Theory and Counseling Process 157

John F. Kosciulek, Brian N. Phillips, and Michelle C. Lizotte

Psychodynamic Approaches
9. Psychodynamic Therapy 171
Hanoch Livneh and Jerome Siller

10. Adlerian Therapy 205

Mary O’Connor Drout, Rochelle V. Habeck, and
Warren R. Rule

PART III: BASIC TECHNIQUES

11. Basic Counseling Skills 227

Norman L. Berven and Jill L. Bezyak

12. Motivational Interviewing 247

Trevor J. Manthey, Jessica Brooks, Fong Chan, Linda E. Hedenblad,
and Nicole Ditchman

13. Group Procedures 279

Nicole Ditchman, Eun-Jeong Lee, and Ruth A. Huebner

14. A Family Systems and Social–Ecological Perspective for

Rehabilitation Health Professionals 299
Maria-Cristina Cruza-Guet, Robert A. Williams, and Julie A. Chronister

15. Career and Vocational Counseling 335

David R. Strauser, Timothy N. Tansey, and Deirdre O’Sullivan

PART IV: SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

16. Substance Use Disorders, Disability, and Counseling

Interventions 355
Elizabeth da Silva Cardoso, Arnold Wolf, Susan Miller Smedema, Jessica Brooks,
and Michele Mahr

17. Counseling People With Physical Disabilities 379

Erin Martz

18. Counseling Interventions for People With Psychiatric

Disabilities 399
Patrick Corrigan and Nev Jones

19. Multicultural Rehabilitation Counseling: Optimizing Success

With Diversity 417
Elias Mpofu and Debra A. Harley
 CONTENTS xi

PART V: PROFESSIONAL ISSUES

20. Clinical Supervision 443

James T. Herbert and Tierra A. Caldwell

21. Managing Risk in Professional Practice 463

Linda R. Shaw, Abigail Akande, and Jodi Wolff

Appendix 483
Index 485
 Contributors

Abigail Akande, PhD, CRC Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling,

Adult and Rehabilitation Education, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little
Rock, Arkansas
Norman L. Berven, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Rehabilitation
Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin
Jill L. Bezyak, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Human Rehabilitative
Services, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado
Malachy Bishop, PhD, CRC Professor and Coordinator of the Doctoral
Program, Department of Early Childhood, Special Education, and
Rehabilitation Counseling, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
John Blake, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling,
Rehabilitation Counseling, and Counseling Psychology, West Virginia
University, Morgantown, West Virginia
Elizabeth A. Boland, PhD, CRC Associate Professor and Director, Graduate
Program in Rehabilitation Counseling, Western Washington University,
Everett, Washington
Jessica Brooks, PhD, CRC Assistant Professor, Department of Disability and
Addiction Rehabilitation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
Tierra A. Caldwell Doctoral Student, Department of Educational Psychology,
Counseling, and Special Education, Penn State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania
Elizabeth da Silva Cardoso, PhD Professor and Director of the Mental
Health Counseling and Rehabilitation Counseling Programs, Hunter College,
City University of New York, New York, New York

xiii
xiv CONTRIBUTORS

Fong Chan, PhD, CRC Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Psychology

and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin

Julie A. Chronister, PhD Associate Professor and Director of the

Rehabilitation Counseling Program, Department of Counseling, San Francisco
State University, San Francisco, California

Patrick Corrigan, PsyD Distinguished Professor of Psychology, Illinois

Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

Maria-Cristina Cruza-Guet, PhD Lecturer, Department of Psychiatry,

Program for Recovery & Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, Connecticut

Charles Edmund Degeneffe, PhD Professor and Coordinator of the

Rehabilitation Counseling Program, Interwork Institute, San Diego State
University, San Diego, California

Nicole Ditchman, PhD, CRC, LCPC Assistant Professor, Department of

Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

Mary O’Connor Drout, PhD Program Director, Rehabilitation Counseling

Program, Adler University, Chicago, Illinois

Allison R. Fleming, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Early Childhood,

Special Education, and Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky, Lexington,
Kentucky

Rochelle V. Habeck, PhD Research Consultant, Habeck and Associates,

Kalamazoo, Michigan

Debra A. Harley, PhD Provost’s Distinguished Professor, Department of Early

Childhood, Special Education, and Rehabilitation, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, Kentucky

Linda E. Hedenblad, MSE Linda Hedenblad Consulting, Madison, Wisconsin

James T. Herbert, PhD, CRC, LPC Professor and Program Coordinator,

Rehabilitation and Human Services, Department of Educational Psychology,
Counseling, and Special Education, Penn State University, University Park,
Pennsylvania

Garrett Huck, MS Doctoral Candidate, Department of Rehabilitation

Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin
 CONTRIBUTORS xv

Ruth A. Huebner, PhD Child Welfare Researcher, Kentucky Department of

Community-Based Services, Frankfort, Kentucky

Ebonee T. Johnson, PhD, CRC Assistant Professor, Department of

Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, Southern University–Baton Rouge,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Nev Jones, PhD Postdoctoral Fellow, Medical Anthropology,

Stanford University, Stanford, California

Brian Kamnetz, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Speech, Hearing,

and Rehabilitation Services, Mankato State University, Mankato, Minnesota

John F. Kosciulek, PhD Professor, Office of Rehabilitation and Disability

Studies, Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special
Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Eun-Jeong Lee, PhD, CRC, LCPC Associate Professor, Department of

Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois

Hanoch Livneh, PhD, CRC Emeritus Professor, Department of Counselor

Education, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon

Michelle C. Lizotte, MS Doctoral Student, Office of Rehabilitation and

Disability Studies, Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and
Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan

Ruth Torkelson Lynch, PhD Emeritus Professor, Department of Rehabilitation

Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin

Michele Mahr, MS Doctoral Candidate, Department of Rehabilitation

Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison,
Madison, Wisconsin

Trevor J. Manthey, MSW Doctoral Candidate, University of Kansas, and

Principal, Manthey Consulting, Lawrence, Kansas

Erin Martz, PhD, CRC Researcher, Veterans Administration Portland

Healthcare System; Rehabilitation Counselor, Rehability; Vocational Consultant,
Social Security Administration, Portland, Oregon

Erin Moser, MS Doctoral Candidate, Department of Rehabilitation Psychology

and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Elias Mpofu, PhD Professor and Head, Rehabilitation Counseling Discipline,

Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,
Australia
xvi CONTRIBUTORS

Deirdre O’Sullivan, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Educational

Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Penn State University,
University Park, Pennsylvania

Brian N. Phillips, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation

Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin

Warren R. Rule, PhD (Deceased) Professor Emeritus, Department of

Rehabilitation Counseling, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond,
Virginia

John See, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Rehabilitation and

Counseling, University of Wisconsin–Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin

Linda R. Shaw, PhD Professor and Department Head, Department of Disability

and Psychoeducational Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona

Jerome Siller, PhD Professor Emeritus, Department of Psychology, New York

University, New York, New York

Susan Miller Smedema, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of

Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–
Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Jennifer L. Stoll, PhD Clinical Neuropsychologist, Mercy Institute of

Neuroscience, Mercy Health System, Janesville, Wisconsin

David R. Strauser, PhD Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Community

Health, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, Illinois

Timothy N. Tansey, PhD, CRC Assistant Professor, Department of

Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education, University of
Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin

Kenneth R. Thomas, DEd Professor Emeritus, Department of Rehabilitation

Psychology and Special Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison,
Wisconsin

Robert A. Williams, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Counseling,

San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California

Arnold Wolf, PhD Professor, Department of Counseling, Hunter College,

City University of New York, New York, New York

Jodi Wolff, MSSW Director of Clinical Services, Muscular Dystrophy

Association; Doctoral Student, Department of Disability and Psychoeducational
Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
 Preface

T he purpose of the second edition of this book is to provide state-of-the-art

treatment relevant to the dominant theories and techniques of counseling and
psychotherapy from a rehabilitation and mental health counseling perspective. In
all cases, the chapters were contributed by rehabilitation health professionals and
scholars who have special, if not extraordinary, expertise and national visibility
in the content areas addressed. The book is intended for practitioners as well as
for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in clinical rehabilitation
counseling and psychology and in other rehabilitation health care disciplines,
such as mental health counseling, social work, nursing, occupational therapy,
physical therapy, speech and language therapy, and recreation. The chapters are
written from a clinical rehabilitation perspective, using rehabilitation examples
when appropriate. Authors include a case example in each chapter to highlight
the application of theories and techniques in working with rehabilitation-specific
problems of people with chronic illnesses and disabilities. In this second edition,
the authors focus on scientific evidence supporting the effectiveness of the theory
and technique used in their chapters.
It is not our philosophy that people with chronic illnesses and disabilities
necessarily require different theories or interventions than nondisabled people.
In fact, the opposite is true. People with chronic illnesses and disabilities or the
agencies serving them may, however, present special needs or have special goals
that require certain emphases and modifications in the application of particular
theories and techniques. Although general textbooks on the theories and tech-
niques of counseling and psychotherapy provide excellent discussions of those
approaches, they need, in our opinion, to be supplemented with material that is
specific to applications in rehabilitation settings. It is this need, especially, that
this book attempts to fulfill.
We are pleased to be part of this particular project for several reasons. First, it
gave us an opportunity to work with rehabilitation and mental health profession-
als from around the United States and Australia, who are clearly among the most

xvii
xviii PREFACE

esteemed leaders and academic scholars in our field. We are proud that many
of these authors were once graduate students at the University of Wisconsin–
Madison, and others have been professional associates of ours for many years.
Some have worked with us in the past on scholarly projects, and we have known
others through our work with professional associations. Still others we knew
initially only by reputation, but we are now extremely pleased to have had the
opportunity to work with them on this volume.
Another reason for our pleasure in undertaking this project is our love of
counseling. To us, counseling is the core of the rehabilitation and recovery pro-
cess, and it is, in all its variant aspects, the reason why most students and profes-
sionals are attracted to the field. The provision of vocational, psychosocial, and
mental health counseling services to persons with chronic illnesses and disabili-
ties is the unique contribution that rehabilitation professionals, generally, make
to any multidisciplinary (or even interdisciplinary) effort to improve the lives of
people with disabilities. We sincerely hope that the offerings in this book will not
only excite and inform the reader about the counseling function and process, but
also will ultimately benefit the literally thousands of clients with whom the read-
ers will eventually have contact.
An Instructor’s Manual and PowerPoint slides are also available to sup-
plement the text. To obtain an electronic copy of these materials, faculty should
contact Springer Publishing Company at [email protected].

Fong Chan, PhD, CRC

Norman L. Berven, PhD
Kenneth R. Thomas, DEd
 Share
Counseling Theories and Techniques for Rehabilitation and
Mental Health Professionals: Second Edition
 PART I: Introduction

CHAPTER
1

An Introduction to Counseling for

Rehabilitation and Mental Health
Professionals

Norman L. Berven, Kenneth R. Thomas, and Fong Chan

A s stated in the Preface, the purpose of this volume is to provide state-of-the-

art treatment that pertains to the dominant theories and techniques of coun-
seling and psychotherapy from a rehabilitation perspective. This initial chapter
presents several introductory topics, including definitions and terminology, the
importance of counseling in professional practice in rehabilitation, a historical
context for understanding theories of counseling and psychotherapy, and the
efficacy of counseling and psychotherapy. In addition, a brief overview of the
remainder of the book is provided.

DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

Counseling and Psychotherapy

Counseling and psychotherapy are commonly used terms, but they often mean
different things to different people. Generally, counseling and psychotherapy are
defined as encompassing a counseling relationship in which a professional inter-
acts with one or more individuals seeking assistance in dealing with difficulties
and in making changes in their lives and, in the context of rehabilitation set-
tings, the individuals seeking assistance have disabilities or other special needs.
The process may occur not only in a traditional office setting but also in a wide
variety of community settings that provide opportunities for interaction between
professionals and individuals who are seeking assistance.

1
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