BELT

(Theoretical)

1. An air compressor is driven by a 7.5 HP 2. An 18kW, 1800 rpm induction motor is

electric motor with a speed of 1750 rpm used to drive a ventilating fan. The
with a flat belt of length 40 in. The pitch speed ratio is 4.5 is to 1. The fan pulley
diameter of the small sheave is 4 ½ in. is 460 mm. in diameter and the center
and the larger sheave is 8 in. The distance is 1524 mm. The density of the
contact coefficient friction is 0.4. The belt is 970 kg/m3 and coefficient friction
belt is made of leather with density and between belt & pulley is 0.3. If the belt
design stress of 0.035 lb/in.3 and 400 width is 6 times its thickness and the
psi, respectively. If the belt thickness is allowable belt stress is 20 MPa,
15/64 in., compute its minimum width. determine the minimum width and
thickness of the belt.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
12𝜌𝑣𝑠 2 𝑒 𝑓𝜃 − 1
𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = 𝑏𝑡 (𝑠 − ) ( 𝑓𝜃 ) 𝑒 𝑓𝜃 − 1
32.2 𝑒
𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = (𝐹1 − 𝐹𝑐 )
𝑒 𝑓𝜃
(𝐹1 − 𝐹2 )𝑣𝑚
ℎ𝑝 = 𝐷1 460 920
33,000 𝑫𝟏 = = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟐. 𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎
4.5 4.5 9
𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋(4.5)(1,750)
𝑣𝑚 = = 𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋(0.10222)(1,800)
12 12 𝑣𝑠 = =
2625𝜋 60 60
𝑣𝑚 = = 2061.67 𝑓𝑝𝑚 𝟒𝟔𝝅
4 𝒗𝒔 = = 𝟗. 𝟔𝟑 𝒎/𝒔
𝑣𝑚 175𝜋 𝟏𝟓
𝑣𝑠 = = = 34.6 𝑓𝑝𝑠
60 60 𝑃 = (𝐹1 − 𝐹2 )𝑣𝑠
33,000(7.5) 18,000
𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 =
2625𝜋 46𝜋
4 15
𝐹1 + 𝐹2 = 120.05 𝑙𝑏 𝑭𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟏, 𝟖𝟔𝟖. 𝟑𝟒 𝑵

𝐷2 − 𝐷1 𝑭𝟏 = 𝑠𝑏𝑡 = 20 (6𝑡) 𝑡 = 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝒕𝟐 𝑵 Note: t & b

𝜃=𝜋− are in mm.
𝐶 𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌𝑏𝑡𝑣𝑠 2
𝜋 (𝐷 − 𝐷2 )2 6𝑡 𝑡 46𝜋 2
𝐿 = 2𝐶 + (𝐷1 + 𝐷2 ) + 1 𝐹𝑐 = (970) ( )( )( )
2 4𝐶 1000 1000 15
𝜋 (8 − 4.5)2 𝑭𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟒𝒕𝟐 𝑵
40 = 2𝐶 + (4.5 + 8) +
2 4𝐶 920
𝐷2 − 𝐷1 460 − 9
𝐶 = 10.03 𝑖𝑛. 𝜃=𝜋− =𝜋−
8 − 4.5 𝐶 1524
𝜃=𝜋− 𝜽 = 𝟐. 𝟗 𝒓𝒂𝒅
10.03
𝜃 = 2.8 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑒 (.3)(2.9) − 1
1,868.34 𝑁 = (120𝑡 2 𝑁 − 0.54𝑡 2 𝑁)
𝑒 (.3)(2.9)
175𝜋 2
15 12(. 35) ( ) 𝑒 (.4)(2.8) − 1
120.05 = 𝑏 ( ) (400 − 16 ) ( (.4)(2.8) ) 𝒕 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝟐 𝒎𝒎
64 32.2 𝑒
𝑏 = 6𝑡
𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝒃 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟖 𝒊𝒏. 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟐 𝒎𝒎.
3. A flat belt (specific mass = 60 lb./ft3) will 4. A traction elevator carries maximum
be used to transmit 10 hp at 1,800 rpm. weight of 50 Kn has an acceleration of
The pitch diameter of the driver sheave 1m/sec2; the 4 cables pass over the
and driven sheave are 4 in. and 8 in., upper sheave four times and the lower
respectively. The center distance is 30 sheave twice, as shown. Compute the
in. The coefficient of friction between minimum weight of counterweight to
the belt and the sheave is 0.3. prevent slipping on the driving sheave if
Determine the minimum cross- it is iron with a greasy rope, f=0.07.
sectional area of the belt so that the
stress of the belt will not succeed 435
psi.
SOLUTION:
𝑒 𝑓𝜃 − 1
𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = (𝐹1 − 𝐹𝑐 )
𝑒 𝑓𝜃
𝐷2 − 𝐷1 8−4
𝜃=𝜋− =𝜋− SOLUTION:
𝐶 30
𝜽 = 𝟑 𝒓𝒂𝒅 𝑤
𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋(4 𝑖𝑛. )(1,800) ∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑣𝑚 = = 𝑔
12 12 𝑎
𝒗𝒎 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝝅 𝒇/𝒎 𝐹1 − 𝑊𝐸 = 𝑊𝐸
𝑔
𝑣𝑚 600𝜋 𝑎 1
𝑣𝑠 = = = 10𝜋 = 31.42 𝑓𝑝𝑠 𝑭𝟏 = 𝑊𝐸 (1 + ) = 50 (1 + ) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟎 𝑵
60 60 𝑔 9.81
𝑤
𝑙𝑏 1 𝑓𝑡 3 𝑙𝑏 ∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎
𝜌 = 60 3 ( ) = 0.0347 3 𝑔
𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎
𝑊𝑐𝑤 − 𝐹2 = 𝑊𝑐𝑤
𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌𝐴𝑣𝑠 2 𝑔
𝑎
𝑙𝑏 2(
12 𝑖𝑛 𝑊𝑐𝑤 (1 + ) = 𝐹2
𝐹𝑐 = (0.0347 ) 𝐴 (10𝜋 𝑓𝑝𝑠) ) 𝑔
𝑖𝑛3 32.2 𝑓𝑝𝑠
𝐹2
𝑭𝒄 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟕𝟔𝟑𝟏 𝑨 𝑊𝑐𝑤 = 𝑎
1+𝑔
𝑭𝟏 = 𝑠𝐴 = 𝟒𝟑𝟓 𝑨
𝐹1
33,000 (ℎ𝑝) 33,000 (10) = 𝑒𝑓𝜃
𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = = 𝐹2
𝑣𝑚 600𝜋 𝜋
𝜃 = (2 + 3) 180° = 900° × = 5𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑭𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓. 𝟎𝟕 𝒍𝒃. 180°
55.10 𝑁
𝑒 (.3)(3) − 1 𝑭𝟐 = = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟑𝟓 𝑵
175.07 = (435 𝐴 − 12.7631 𝐴) 𝑒(0.07)(5𝜋)
𝑒 (.3)(3) 18.35
𝑊𝑐𝑤 =
𝑨 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟗𝟖𝟕 𝒊𝒏.𝟐 1
1 + 9.81
𝑾𝒄𝒘 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 𝑵
5. A traction elevator with a total weight of 6. Determine the maximum power that
36 kN has an acceleration of 1 m/sec2; can be transmitted by 5mm x 100mm
the 4 cables pass over the upper flat leather belt (density = 968 kg/m3), at
sheave thrice and the lower one twice, a driver speed of 1800 rpm, so that the
as shown below. Compute the stress of the belt will not exceed 3 MPa.
minimum weight of counterweight to The pitch dimeter of the driver sheave
prevent slipping on the driving sheave if
and driven sheave are 110mm and
it is iron with a greasy rope, f = 0.07.
200mm, respectively. The center
distance is 800 mm. The coefficient of
friction between the belt and the sheave
is 0.3.
Given:
𝜌 = 968 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑛 = 1800 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁 1000 𝑚𝑚 2
𝑠 = 3 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 3 ×( )
𝑚𝑚2 1𝑚
𝑠 = 3 × 106 𝑁/𝑚2
SOLUTION:
𝐷1 = 110 = .11 𝑚
𝑤 𝐷2 = 200 = .2 𝑚
∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑔 𝐶 = 800 𝑚. = .8 𝑚
1 𝑏 = 5 𝑚𝑚 = 0.005 𝑚
𝐹1 − 36 = 36 ( ) 𝑡 = 100 𝑚𝑚 = 0.1 𝑚
9.81
1 𝑓 = 0.3
𝑭𝟏 = 36 (1 + ) = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟔𝟕 𝒌𝑵
9.81 SOLUTION:
𝐹1
= 𝑒𝑓𝜃 𝑃 = 𝐹𝑣 = (𝐹1 − 𝐹2 ) 𝑣𝑠
𝐹2
𝜋
𝜃 = (3 + 2) 180° = 900° × = 5𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋(0.11)(1,800) 𝟑𝟑
180° 𝒗𝒔 = = = 𝝅 𝒎/𝒔
39.67 𝑘𝑁 60 60 𝟏𝟎
𝑭𝟐 = = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟏 𝑵 𝐷2 − 𝐷1 . 2 − .11
𝑒(0.07)(5𝜋) 𝜽=𝜋− =𝜋− = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟑 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝐶 .8
𝑤 𝑎
∑ 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑎 = 𝑊𝑐𝑤 ( ) 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = 𝐹𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑔 𝑔
𝑎 𝑒 𝑓𝜃 − 1
𝑊𝑐𝑤 − 𝐹2 = 𝑊𝑐𝑤 ( ) 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = 𝑏𝑡[𝑠 − 𝜌(𝑣𝑠 )2 ]
𝑔 𝑒 𝑓𝜃
𝑎
𝐹2 = 𝑊𝑐𝑤 (1 + ) 33 2 𝑒 (.3)(3.03) − 1
𝑔 𝐹1 − 𝐹2 = (. 005) (. 1) [3 × 106 − (968) ( 𝜋) ]
10 𝑒 (.3)(3.03)
13.21 𝑭𝟏 − 𝑭𝟐 = 𝟖𝟔𝟒. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵
𝑊𝑐𝑤 =
1
1 + 9.81
𝑃 = (𝐹1 − 𝐹2 )𝑣𝑠
𝑴𝒊𝒏. 𝑾𝒄𝒘 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟏 𝒌𝑵 33
𝑃 = (864.55 𝑁) ( 𝜋 𝑚/𝑠)
10

𝑷 = 𝟖𝟗𝟔𝟏. 𝟑𝟕𝟑𝟗 𝑾 = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟔 𝒌𝑾
 BELT
(Design)
1. A 30-hp, 880-rpm, squirrel-cage, compensator starting electric motor is used to
drive an exhaust fan at 230 rpm; using a medium double leather belt; cemented
joints; C =54 in, jerky loads, wet environment. (a) What driving and driven pulley
sizes are needed for a speed recommended as about economical in the Text?
(b) Determine the belt width by the ALBA tables.
a.) 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛, 𝑣𝑚 = 4,000 𝑡𝑜 4500 𝑓𝑝𝑚
𝑣𝑚 = 4,250 𝑓𝑝𝑚
𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋𝐷1 (880)
𝑣𝑚 = = 4,250 =
12 12
𝐷1 = 18.45 𝑖𝑛., Say 𝑫𝟏 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒊𝒏.
𝑛1 𝐷1 = 𝑛2 𝐷2
𝑛 880
𝐷2 = 1 𝐷1 = (18) = 68.90 𝑖𝑛., Say 𝑫𝟐 = 𝟔𝟗 𝒊𝒏.
𝑛2 230
20
b.) 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡, 𝑡 = 64 𝑖𝑛.
ℎ𝑝
𝐷𝐻𝑃 = ( ) 𝑏 𝐶𝑚 𝐶𝑝 𝐶𝑓1 𝐶𝑓2 …
𝑖𝑛
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 17.7, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙
− 𝑐𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑥ℎ𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡.
𝑁𝑠𝑓 = 1.6 + 0.2 = 1.8
𝐷𝐻𝑃 = 𝑁𝑠𝑓 (𝑇𝐻𝑃) = 1.8 (30) = 54 ℎ𝑝
𝜋𝐷1 𝑛1 𝜋(18)(880)
𝑣𝑚 = = = 4147 𝑓𝑝𝑚
12 12
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 17.1, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑡𝑣𝑚 = 4147 𝑓𝑝𝑚
ℎ𝑝
= 11.194
𝑖𝑛
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 17.2,
𝐶𝑚 = 0.67 (𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑙 − 𝑐𝑎𝑔𝑒, 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔)
𝐶𝑝 = 0.9 (𝐷1 = 18 𝑖𝑛. )

𝐶𝑓1 = 0.83 (𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑘𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠)

𝐶𝑓2 = 0.74 (𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)

54 = (11.194)𝑏(0.67)(0.9)(0.83)(0.74)
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟑 𝒊𝒏.