JavaScript 30 Interview Question Answer
JavaScript 30 Interview Question Answer
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1. What is JavaScript?
Answer: JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language primarily used to
create interactive and dynamic web content. It's a client-side scripting language that can
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also be used server-side through environments like Node.js.
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Answer: JavaScript has several data types: Primitive types (Number, String, Boolean,
Undefined, Null, BigInt, Symbol) and Non-Primitive types (Object, Array).
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3. Explain var, let, and const.
Answer:
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var is function-scoped and can be redeclared and updated.
let is block-scoped and can be updated but not redeclared within the same scope.
const is block-scoped and neither can be updated nor redeclared.
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4. What is == vs === in JavaScript?
Answer: == checks for equality after type conversion (loose equality), while === checks
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for equality without type conversion (strict equality).
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Answer: null is an assignment value representing "no value," while undefined means a
variable has been declared but has not been assigned a value.
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6. Explain NaN in JavaScript.
Answer: NaN stands for "Not-a-Number." It's a special value in JavaScript that results
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when a mathematical operation fails, like parseInt('abc').
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Answer: Functions are blocks of code designed to perform specific tasks. They can take
parameters and return a value.
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1. What is an anonymous function?
Answer: An anonymous function is a function without a name, often used in situations
where functions are used as arguments or within closures.
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2. Explain arrow functions.
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Answer: Arrow functions provide a shorter syntax for writing functions using =>. They
inherit the this value from their enclosing context.
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3. What is an Immediately Invoked Function Expression (IIFE)?
Answer: An IIFE is a function that is defined and immediately executed. Syntax: (function()
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{ ... })();
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Intermediate
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11. What is a closure in JavaScript?
Answer: A closure is a feature in JavaScript where an inner function has access to
variables in its outer function scope, even after the outer function has returned.
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12. What is the purpose of this keyword?
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Answer: this refers to the context in which a function is called. Its value depends on how
the function is invoked (e.g., object method, standalone function, arrow function).
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13. Explain event delegation.
Answer: Event delegation is a technique where a single event listener is added to a parent
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element instead of multiple listeners on individual child elements, utilizing event bubbling.
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asynchronous code in JavaScript?
Answer: Synchronous code is executed line-by-line, blocking the next line until the
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current one completes. Asynchronous code allows the program to continue running, using
callbacks, promises, or async/await.
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15. What are promises in JavaScript?
Answer: A promise is an object representing the eventual completion or failure of an
asynchronous operation. It has three states: pending, fulfilled, and rejected.
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16. Explain async and [email protected] @c
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Answer: async is used to declare asynchronous functions, and await is used to pause the
function execution until a promise is resolved.
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initialized.
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18. What is the bind() method?
Answer: bind() creates a new function that, when invoked, has its this value set to a
specific object.
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19. Explain call() and apply() methods.
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Answer: Both call() and apply() invoke a function with a specified this context. call() takes
arguments individually, while apply() takes them as an array.
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20. What are higher-order functions?
Answer: Higher-order functions are functions that can take other functions as arguments
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or return them as output.
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21. What is the event loop in JavaScript?
Answer: The event loop is a mechanism in JavaScript that manages asynchronous
callbacks. It continuously checks the call stack and the callback queue to execute code in
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a non-blocking manner.
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23. What is the purpose of the new keyword?
Answer: new is used to create an instance of an object with a constructor function, setting
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this to refer to the new object and linking it to the prototype.
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Answer: Object.create() creates a new object with a specified prototype object and
properties, allowing for prototypal inheritance without using a constructor.
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25. Explain debouncing and throttling.
Answer:
Debouncing delays function execution until a specified period of inactivity.
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Throttling ensures a function is only executed once in a specific interval.
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systems.
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Answer: Currying is the process of transforming a function that takes multiple arguments
into a series of functions that each take a single argument.
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28. What is memoization in JavaScript?
Answer: Memoization is an optimization technique where results of function calls are
cached to avoid redundant calculations.
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29. Explain the Singleton pattern.
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Answer: The Singleton pattern restricts a class to a single instance and provides global
access to that instance, useful for managing global states.
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30 What are generators in JavaScript?
Answer: Generators are functions that can pause and resume execution using the yield
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keyword, making them useful for handling asynchronous code and lazy execution.
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