The present perfect continuous: use

¿Qué es la voz pasiva? La voz pasiva se utiliza cuando

el enfoque de la oración está en la acción o en el
objeto que recibe la acción, en lugar de quien realiza
la acción.

VOZ ACTIVA Y VOZ EJEMPLOS Y EXPLANATION

PASIVA PRESENTE PERFECTO
EJEMPLO EJEMPLO
PROGRESIVO Action: I have been Nonaction: Some people
ESTRUCTURA: thinking about doing a have had a lot of success
Usamos for y since para mostrar el tiempo USO: family tree. in locating (algunas
invertido. sobre una actividad del pasado al Usamos el presente perfecto (He estado pensando en personas han tenido
presente. continuo para mostrar que una hacer un árbol mucho éxito en la
acción o estado Comenzó en el genealógico.) localización de
pasado y continúa hasta el Nonaction: I have
ACCIÓN: información)
presente always thought that
Si la acción aún continúa, use el presente information. Action: We
genealogy is an have been having a hard
perfecto continuo, no el presente perfecto. No
Explanation: Pensar puede ser un interesting hobby time locating
utilizamos la forma continua con verbos de no
verbo de acción o de no acción, ( siempre he pensado information about our
acción. No utilices la forma continua con
dependiendo de su significado. que la genealogía es un ancestors ( Hemos
siempre y nunca.
Pensar = verbo de acción Pensar pasatiempo interesante.) estado pasando por un
que = verbo de no acción momento difícil localizar
información sobre
Con algunos verbos (vivir, trabajar, estudiar, nuestros antepasados.)
Explanation: Have suele ser un verbo
enseñar y desgaste), podemos usar el presente
sin acción. Sin embargo, have es un
perfecto o el presente perfecto continuo con
verbo de acción en estas expresiones:
acciones que comenzó en el pasado y continúa
tener experiencia, pasar un momento
hasta el presente. El significado es el mismo.
difícil, tener una pasarlo bien, tener
dificultades y tener problemas.
 THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH REPETITION FROM PAST TO PRESENT
"Usamos el presente perfecto para hablar de la repetición de una acción durante un período de
tiempo que comenzó en el pasado e incluye el presente. Existe la probabilidad de que esta
acción ocurra nuevamente.

EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES Y EXPLANATION EXAMPLES Y EXPLANATION

1). How much money have you spent

EXAMPLE EXPLANATION EXAMPLE EXPLANATION
on books this year? I’ve spent about
A). I have read 20 A). It’s possible that A). Up to now, one Using expressions
$500 on books this year.
books this year. I’ll read additional Web site has made like "so far" and "up
2). How many books have you
B). He has books. B). He is about 250,000 to now" shows that
bought from a bookstore this year? I
downloaded over likely to get more books available. we're considering
haven’t bought any books from a
100 books books by B). I have read ten everything that has
bookstore at all this year.
downloading them. chapters in my happened up until
book up to now this moment, and
suggests that more
EXPLANATION is likely to happen.
ANALYSIS

To express that EXAMPLE

The phrase "it’s possible" indicates something has not
We can
that reading more books in the happened even once, we
inquire about A). So far, I’ve read five books
future is a potential action. While I use a negative verb
repetition this year.
may have read some books already, followed by "at all". This
using "how B). Up to now, I’ve completed
there’s no certainty about how suggests that while the
much" and three chapters in my textbook.
many more I will read, but the action hasn't occurred yet,
"how many".
possibility is open. there is still a possibility it
may happen in the future.
 THE SIMPLE PAST VS. THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH REPETITION
Usamos el presente perfecto con repetición en un período de tiempo presente. Se espera que haya
más repeticiones. Usamos el pasado simple con repetición en un período de tiempo pasado. No hay
posibilidad de que haya más repeticiones durante ese período.

EXAMPLES AND EXPLANATION EXAMPLE AND EXPLANATION

EXPLANATION
The number of times an action
EXAMPLES To show that more 1). Last month my occurred cannot increase within a
1). How many hits has repetition is expected, Web site had 5,000 completed time frame, such as
your Web site had we use the present hits. yesterday, last week, last month, or
today? -It has had over perfect. This is for 2). How many times last semester. For these periods,
100 hits today. periods that are still were you absent last the simple past tense should be
2). How many times ongoing, suggesting semester used.
have you been absent the action could
this semester? -I’ve continue. Phrases like
been absent twice so "so far" indicate that
far. the number mentioned
isn’t final.
EXAMPLES
A). Last week, I studied for my math
exam every day.
EXAMPLES
B). Last semester, I completed two
A). So far, I have read 5 chapters today.
major projects.
B). This term, I have completed three
C). Yesterday, I played basketball with
projects.
my friends
 THE PRESENT PERFECT WITH INDEFINITE PAST TIME
El presente perfecto se utiliza para hablar de una acción que ocurrió en un momento no
especificado en el pasado pero que sigue siendo relevante en la situación actual. Palabras
comunes que indican tiempo indefinido incluyen ever (alguna vez), yet (aún) y already (ya).

EXAMPLES EXAMPLES EXAMPLES

Have you finished your book yet?

Have you ever downloaded a book? -No, not yet. The computer has made it possible to
-No, I haven’t. Have Larry and Sergey become billionaires yet? do many new things.
Have you ever “Googled” your own name? -Yes, they have. E-books have changed the way we
-Yes, I have Have you read the story about genealogy yet? read books.
-Yes, I already have. Cyndi Howells has created a very
useful Web site for family historians
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
A question using ever inquires about any
point in time from the past up to the "Yet" and "already" refer to a recent, The present perfect allows us to discuss past
present. The word ever is placed between unspecified time in the past. They are actions without specifying when they
the subject and the main verb. used when there is an expectation that happened. The exact time may be
the action happened not long ago. unimportant, unknown, or unclear. By using
the present perfect instead of the simple past,
EXAMPLE
we emphasize that the past event has
EXAMPLE
relevance to the current situation.
1). Have you ever visited Palenque? 1). I have already finished my
2). Have you ever played. basketball in the homework for today.
local park? 2). Have you eaten dinner yet? EXAMPLE
1). I have visited the Palenque ruins several
times.
2). I have learned a lot about the basketball
in the local park? history of Chiapas