PRACTICE QUESTION PAPER-2

SUB: BIOLOGY (044)

UNIT: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
FM: 70TIME: 3 HOURS

General Instruction:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) The question paper has five sections and 33 questions.
(iii) Section–A has 16 questions of 1 mark each; Section–B has 5 questions of 2marks each;
Section– C has 7 questions of 3 marks each; Section– D has 2case-based questions of 4 marks
each; and Section–E has 3 questions of 5 marks each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, internal choices have been provided in some questions.
A student has to attempt only one of the alternatives in such questions
(v) Wherever necessary, neat and properly labeled diagrams should be drawn

Section–A
Q.No.1to12 are multiple choice questions. Only one of the choices is correct. Select and
write the correct choice as well as the answer to these questions.

Q. Question Marks
No
1 In a cross YYRr xYyRR, the offspring will show the genotypic ratio 1
a) 2YyRR: 2YYRR
b) 1 YYRR: 3YyRR
c) 4YYRR: 0yyRR
d) None of the above
2 . Both husband and wife have normal vision though their fathers are colour 1
blind. The probability of their son becoming colour blind is
a) 0%
b) 50%
c) 25%
d) 75%
3 Inheritance of ABO blood group demonstrates the phenomenon of 1
i)Multiple allelism
ii)Polygeny
iii)Codominance
iv) Pleiotropy
a) i) and ii)
b) ii) and iii)
c) i) and iv)
d) i) and iii)
4 A sample of DNA has 30% adenine, what is the quantity of cytosine present ? 1
a) 30%
b) 20%
c) 50%
d) 15%
5 What is the probability of a man with blood group AB and a woman with blood 1
group O having a blood group AB child?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 50%
 d) 75%

6 Out of 800 F2 off springs of Mendel’s dihybrid cross, the expected individuals 1
of heterozygous for both the traits is
a) 200
b) 450
c) 400
d) None of these
7 Which one of the following technique is used in DNA fingerprinting for the 1
detection of DNA
a) Northern blotting
b) Western blotting
c) Southern blotting
d) In situ hybridisation
8 In Escherichia coli, according to operon theory, an operator gene combines with 1
a) Inducer gene to switch on structural gene transcription
b) Regulator gene to switch on structural gene transcription
c) Regulator protein to switch off structural gene transcription
d) Regulator protein to switch on structural gene transcription
9 DNA template sequence of ATGATAGC is transcribed over mRNA as 1
a) GUCTUTCG
b) TACAUCG
c) GAUTATUG
d) UACTATCG
10 Person having genotype IAIB would show the blood group AB. This is because of 1
a) Pleiotropy
b) Co-dominance
c) Segregation
d) Incomplete dominance
11 Evidence that evolution of life forms has indeed taken place on the earth has 1
come from
a) Evidence from the fossils
b) Morphological and comparative anatomical study
c) Biochemical study
d) All of the above
12 Repressor protein is produced by 1
a) Regulator gene
b) Structural gene
c) Promoter gene
d) Operator gene
QuestionNo.13to16 consists of two statements–Assertion(A) and Reason (R).
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below:
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is False but R is true.
13 Assertion(A): Eukaryotic mRNA requires post-transcriptional modifications to 1
form functional mRNA
Reason (R): Eukaryotic transcripts possess extra non-functional gene segments
called introns.
14 Assertion (A): Sickle cell anaemia is an autosome-linked recessive disorder 1
Reason(R): It appears only in human male which can be transferred to their
grandsons through carrier daughter
15 Assertion(A): Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different in the 1
new sample of the Population that they become a new species.
Reason(R): When the migration of a section of the population to another place
occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift.
16 Assertion(A): Evolution is a continuous process that takes millions of years for 1
speciation
Reason(R): During evolution, mutation does not leads to speciation.
17 A child has blood group O. If the father has blood group A and mother has blood 2
group B, work out the possible genotypes of the other off springs.
OR
A t RNA is charged with amino acid methionine. 2
a) Name the process involved in the attachment.
b) Point out the m RNA codon and anti-codon on t RNA for this amino
acid.
18 T H Morgan worked on fruit flies and observed that the closer the genes, the 2
greater the linkage and vice-versa. He also discovered the white eye mutation in
Drosophila. He chooses Drosophila to study the sex-linked genes. He said that
the mutation is inherited differently by male and female flies.
i) Why did Mendel not get a linkage in his experiment on garden pea
plants?
ii) How distance between gene affects linkage and crossing over?

OR
2
Observe the following diagram and answer the followings-

i) Name the type of the sugar, the guanine base is attached to.
ii) Name the linkage connecting the two nucleotides.
iii) Identify the 3’ end of the dinucleotide.
iv) Give a reason for your answer.
19 2

i) Recognise and explain the process by which Tasmanian wolf

evolved.
ii) Compare and contrast the two animals shown

20 Are flippers of penguin and dolphin homologous or analogous? What type of 2

evolution has brought such a similarity ion them?
21 Mention how is mutation theory of Hugo de Vries different from Darwin’s 2
theory of natural selection.
OR
Protein synthesis machinery revolves around RNA but in the course of evolution 2
it was replaced by DNA. Justify.
22 There is a paternity dispute for a child. Which technique can solve the problem? 3
Discuss the principle involved.

23 Both haemophilia and thalassemia are blood related disorder in humans. Write 3
their causes and the differences between the two. Name the category or genetic
disorder they both come under.
24 Given below is part of the template strand of a structural gene: 3
TACCATTAGGAT
a) Write its transcribed mRNA strand with its polarity.
b) Explain the mechanism involved in initiation of transcription of this
strand.
25 a) In human genome which one of the chromosomes has the most genes and 3
which one has the fewest?
b) Scientists have identified about 1.4 million single nucleotide polymorphs in
human genome. How is the information of their existence going to help the
scientists.
26 a) Who proposed the concept of lac operon? 3
b) Explain how does lac operon get switch on and switch off ?
OR 3
Why does the haploid drone bee not have a father and cannot have sons,
but have a grandfather and can have grandsons?
27 In England during the post industrialised period, the count of melanic moths 3
increased in urban areas but remained low in rural areas. Explain.
28 3
Study the flow chart given below and answer the questions that follows:
a) S strain → into mice →mice die
b) R strain → into mice →mice live.
c) Heat killed S strain + live R strain → into mice→ A
d) Heat killed S strain + DNase + live R strain→ into mice → B
 i) Name the organism and differentiate between its two strains, R and S,
respectively.
ii) Write the results A and B obtained in steps (c) and (d), respectively.
iii) Write the specific conclusion drawn from the step (d).

29 From a number of studies on the metabolism of bacterium Escherichia coli, two 4

French scientists Jacob and Monod in 1961 found that the genetic material
possesses regulated gene units called operons. Study the given below operon
system operating in E.coli and answer the questions that follow:

(a) On the basis of the given operon system, what conclusion can you draw
about
case I and case II? (1)
(b) What would happen in the presence of X in case II ? (2)
Attempt either subpart (c) or (d)
(c) What type of regulation can be seen in the given above figure by the
repressor? (1)
OR
(d) Which structural gene codes for permease in both the cases and what is its
function? (1)
30 Given below is the representation of amino acid of human red blood cells. 4

(a) Is this representation indicating a normal human or a sufferer from

certain genetic disease ? Give reason in support of your answer. (1)
(b) What difference would be noticed in the phenotype of the normal and
the sufferer related to this gene? (2)
 Attempt either subpart (c) or (d)
(c) Who are likely to suffer more from the defective related to the gene
represented – the males, the females or both males and females equally? (1)
OR
(d) What type of inheritance is this ? (1)
31 a) Anthropogenic actions have caused evolution of species. Explain with the 5
help of two examples.
b) Differentiate between divergent and convergent evolution.
OR
a) Name the primates that lived about 15 million years ago. List their 5
characteristic features.
b) Where was the first man-like animal found
c) Write the order in which Neanderthals Homo habilis and Homo erectus
appeared on Earth. State the brain capacity of each one of them.
d) When did Homo sapiens appear on this planet.
32 Describe Hershey- Chase experiment. Write the conclusion they arrived at after 5
the experiment.
OR
Answer the following questions based on Meselson and Stahl’s experiment 5
a) Why did the scientists use 15NH4Cl and 14NH4Cl as sources of nitrogen
in the culture medium for growing E. coli ?
b) Name the molecule(s) that 15N got incorporated into.
c) How did they distinguish between 15N labelled molecule from 14N
labelled molecule ?
d) Mention the significance of taking E.coli samples at definite intervals
for observation.
e) Write the observations made by them from the samples taken at the end
of 20 minutes and 40 minutes respectively.
f) Write the conclusion drawn by them at the end of their experiment.
33 How do incomplete dominance, codominance , pleiotropy and polygenic 5
inheritance deviate from the observation made by Mendel? Explain with the help
of one example for each.
OR
a) A true breeding garden pea plant with green pods and axial flowers as 5
dominant characters when crossed with another recessive homozygous
pea plant bearing yellow pods and terminal flowers. Work out the cross
upto F2 generation giving the phenotypic ratios of F1 and F2 generations
respectively.
State the Mendelian principle which can be derived from such a cross and not
from a monohybrid cross.
 PRACTICE QUESTION-2
MARKING SCHEME
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY (044)
CLASS: XII UNIT: GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
MAX MARKS:70 TIME:3HOURS

Q. ANSWER Marks
No
1 d) None of the above 1
2 c) 25% 1
3 d) i and iii 1
4 b) 20% 1
5 a) 0% 1
6 a) 200 1
7 c) Southern blotting 1
8 c) Regulator protein to switch off structural gene transcription 1
9 d) UACTATCG 1
10 b) Codominance 1
11 d) All of the above 1
12 a) regulator gene 1
13 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1
14 c) A is true but R is false 1
15 a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A 1
16 c) A is true but R is false 1
17 If the child has blood group O that means the child has received i allele from 2
one parent and i allele from another parent. If the father has blood group A that
means his genotype is IAi. If the mother has blood group B that means her
genotype is IBi. 1
After performing cross between IAi and IBi we get IAi, IBi, IAIB and ii.So, the
possible genotype of other offspring are IAi, IBi and IAIB. 1 2
OR
a) Initiation 1
b) m RNA codon= AUG and anticodon= UAC½+½
18 i) The traits Mendel selected were located on different chromosomes and those 2
which were on the same chromosome were located very far from each other.1
ii) Closely situated genes show more linkage while distantly situated genes show
more crossing over.1
OR
i) Ribose ½
ii) 3’ – 5’ phosphodiester linkage ½
iii) B is 3’ end ½ 2
iv) the ribose has a free 3’ OH group ½
19 Tasmanian wolf evolved by the process of adaptive radiation. 1 2
Wolf is a placental mammal whereas Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial mammal. 1
20 The flippers of penguins and dolphins are analogous organs meaning they have 2
similar functions but different origins. 1
It is a convergent evolution where species with different origins develop similar
 characteristics.1
21 According to Hugo de Vries new species arise due to single step large mutation 2
whereas according to Darwin evolution occurs gradually by the method of natural
selection. 1
Mutation are random and directionless whereas natural selection is small and
directional. 1
OR
Since RNA was unstable and prone to mutations, DNA evolved from RNA with 2
chemical modifications that makes it more stable. 1
DNA has double stranded nature and has complementary strands. These further
resist changes by evolving a process of repair. 1

22 a) Genetic code is degenerate because multiple codons can code for the same 3
amino acid. For example, the amino acid leucine can be coded by six different
codons. 1
b) Genetic code is unambiguous and specific because each codon codes for only
one amino acid. For example, UUU will always codes for the amino acid
phenylalanine. 1
c) Genetic code is universal because the same codon codes for the same amino
acid in all organisms. For example, UUU codes for phenylalanine in all organisms 3
from bacteria to humans. 1
OR
DNA fingerprinting can solved the paternity dispute. 1
DNA fingerprinting is a technique of determining nucleotide sequences of certain
areas of DNA which are unique to each individual. Variable number tandem
repeats (VNTR’S) also known as mini satellite generate a pattern of bands in
DNA fingerprinting due to a tiny region of the DNA sequence that is repeated
several times. Individual VNTRs are unique to each person. 2
23 Haemophilia is an X-linked recessive disease whereas thalassemia is an 3
autosomal recessive disease. 1
In haemophilia single protein is involved in the clotting of blood, it is a sex-linked
recessive disorder, blood does not clot. Whereas in thalassemia it occurs due to
either mutation or deletion resulting in reduced rate of synthesis of one of the
globin chains of haemoglobin, anaemia is the characteristic of this disease. 1
The mendelian disorder is the category of genetic disorder they both come under.
1
24 a) 5’----AUGGUAAUCCUA----3’ 1 3
b) DNA- dependent RNA polymerase catalyses transcription of mRNA.
The strand of DNA with 3’ ------- 5’ polarity acts as the template. The RNA
polymerase binds to the promoter site and starts the process of
transcription. 2
25 a) Chromosome 1 has most genes and the Y has the fewest genes. 1+1 3
b) The information regarding the occurrence of 1.4 million SNPs (single
nucleotide polymorphism) revolutionise the processes of finding chromosomal
locations for disease associated sequences and tracing human ancestry (history).
1
26 a) Francis Jacob and Jacques Monod proposed lac operon concept in 1961. 1 3
b) The catabolite activator protein and the lac repressor operon are turn on and
off in response to glucose and lactose levels. Lac repressor prevents the operon
from being transcribed. 1
Lactose is a substrate for the enzyme beta-galactosidase which controls the
 operon’s on/off switch. 1
OR
a) This is a concept of haplodiploidy sex determination system in which males 3
develops from unfertilized eggs and are haploid and females develop from
fertilized eggs and are diploid. 1
b) The male honey bee is developed from an unfertilized egg so it has a mother
and no father because no sperm was involved in the male honeybees creation.
1
c) However, sperm was used to create its mother so the male honeybee has a
grandfather. And if the male honeybee’s sperm is used to create the next queen,
then the unfertilized eggs that she lays will become his grandsons.
1
27 In England, before industrialisation, white-winged moths were more in number 3
than dark winged moths. But after industrialisation, dark- winged moths become
more in number than white winged moths. 1
This is because during industrialisation, tree trunks covered by white lichens
become dark due to deposition of dust and coal particles. 1
As a result, white- winged moths could be easily picked up by predators from the
dark background and dark-winged moths survived. 1
28 i) Streptococcus pneumoniae R is a rough, without a capsule(virulent) and S is a 3
smooth, with a capsule(virulent) ½ + ½
ii) A – mice died of pneumonia ½
B- mice live and do not suffer from pneumonia ½
iii) This indicates that DNA is thetransforming principle. When DNase is added to
the medium, the DNA of the heatkilled cells gets digested and is unable to carry
out the transformation. 1

29 (a) In case I, transcription of structural genes does not takes place while in case II, 4
transcription will turn on. 1
(b) In case II, in the presence of X (inducer) it will binds to the repressor and
make it inactive. Thus, turn on the transcription. 1+1
(c) Regulation of lac operon by repressor is referred to as negative regulation. 1
OR
(d) In lac operon, the permease is encoded by structural gene y, which increases
permeability of the cell to beta-galactosidase. 1
30 (a) This representation (HbA peptide) indicates a normal human, because the 4
glutamic acid in the sixth position is not substituted by Valine. 1
(b) The sufferer's RBCs become elongated and sickle shaped as compared to the
normal biconcave RBCs. 1+1
(c) Both males and females are likely to suffer from the disease equally, as this is
not a sex linked disease. 1
OR
(d) It is an autosomal linked recessive trait. 1
31 Anthropogenic action, or human activities, can cause evolution in species. 5
Here are two examples: a) Industrial melanism: Smoke and sediments from
industrialisation caused a shift in the moth population from the white winged to
dim- winged or melanized moths were better camouflaged on trees because of the
white shaded lichen that covered the bark. 1
b) Overuse of antibiotics: The overuse of antibiotic has led to the evolution of
bacteria that are resistant to them. Microbes that were sensitive to antibiotic died
off, while a few variants that were resistant survived. This led to the evolution of
 more fatal microbes. 1
Convergent evolution: Due to adaptation when a species evolves similarities in
their functions and characteristics is considered as convergent evolution. This
type of evolution takes place due to change in environmental conditions. The
internal structure and function resembles their ancestors but the outer structure is
different from the ancestors. E.g. Wings of birds, bats and insects. 1+½
Divergent evolution: In divergent evolution, an ancestral species diverges into
many different species and finally produces a new species. This type of evolution
occurs due to migration and environmental change as well. The inside and outside
structure both may vary from the ancestors. E.g. Darwin finches where the beak
finches changes due to adaptation. 1+½
OR 5
a) Dryopithecus (ape-like) and Ramapithecus (man-like) were the two primates
that lived 15 million years ago. These primates were hairy and their walk was
similar to that of chimpanzees. 1
b) The first man-like animal was found in Africa. 1
c) 2 million years ago, Homo habilis lived in East Africa and their brain capacity
is 650-800cc1.5 million years ago, Homo erectus and their brain capacity is 900cc
10,000 to 40,000 years ago, Neanderthal man and their brain capacity is 1400 cc
1+1
d) Modern Homo sapiens first appeared primarily in East Africa about 75,000 to
10,000 years ago. 1
32 Hershey and Chase conducted their experiments on the bacteriophage, a. virus 5
that attacks bacteria. The phage consists only of a protein shell containing its
genetic material.
i) In the first experiment, they labelled the DNA of the phage with
radioactive Phosphorus-32 (the element phosphorus is present in DNA
but not in the protein). 1
ii) They allowed the phages to infect E. coli, then removed the protein
shells from the infected cells with a blender and separated the cells and
viral coats by using a centrifuge. 1
iii) They found that the radioactive tracer was visible only in the pellet of
bacterial cells and not in the supernatant containing the protein shells.
1
iv) In the second experiment, they labelled the phages with radioactive
sulphur-35 (sulphur is present in proteins but not in DNA). 1
v) After separation, the radioactive tracer then was found in the protein
shells but not in the infected bacteria, supporting the hypothesis that the
genetic material which infects the bacteria is DNA. 1 5
OR
a) 15N is the heavy isotope of nitrogen and it can be separated from 14N based
on the difference in their densities. 1
b) 15N was incorporated into newly synthesised DNA.½
c) The two molecules were distinguished by cesium chloride centrifugation in
which these two into separated into two different bands at different positions
based on these densities. 1
d) E. coli culture is taken at equal intervals to know the progress of the
experiment as generation time of E. coli is 20 minutes. 1
e) After 20 minutes the culture had an intermediate density showing a band in
the middle tube and after 40 minutes, the culture had equal amount of hybrid
DNA and the light DNA showing two bands, one in the centre and one at the
 bottom.1
f) They concluded that DNA replicates semi-conservatively.½
33 According to law of dominance, when two individuals of a species differing in a 5
pair of contrasting characters of a trait are crossed, the form of the trait that
appears in the F1 hybrid is dominant and the alternate form that remains hidden is
called recessive. 1
Incomplete dominance and co dominance are exception to this law. Incomplete
dominance is the phenomenon where none of the two contrasting alleles or factors
is dominant. The expression of the character in a hybrid of F1 individual is
intermediate or a fine mixture of the expression of the two factors. As seen in
Mirabilis jalapa when two types of plants having flower colour in pure state red
and white are crossed, the hybrid of F1 generation have pink flowers. 1
Co-dominance is the phenomenon of expression of both the alleles in a
heterozygote i.e., both alleles are able to express themselves independently when
present together e.g., hair colour in cattle, the hybrid of F1 generation are of roan
colour i.e., having a dark coat interspersed with white hair. 1
According to Mendel one gene control the expression of one character only.
Pleiotropy is the exception to this. The gene having a multiple phenotypic effect 5
because of its ability to control expression of two or more characters is called
pleiotropic genes. E.g., phenylketonuria. 1
Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance controlled by one or more genes in
which the dominant alleles have cumulative effect with each dominant allele
expressing a part or unit of the trait being shown only when all the dominant
alleles are present. E.g., human skin colour. 1
OR