República de Angola
Ministério da Educação
Private Medium Institute of Technology – IMPTEL
PROGRAMMING
Professor/a:
Mauro Alexandre
Luanda, 2023/2024
PRIVATE MEDIUM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Nº Name Notas
01 Adalmir Kambanda Domingos Gaspar
06 Celso Francisco António
11 Francisco Jacinto Domingos
16 Janice Da Silva Franco
21 Keven Luís Da Silva Agostinho
26 Magda Merci Hanjikeno
31 Quintas Adelino Paulio Escovalo
36 Nelio Gonçalves Amaro
Course: Technical High School Course in Computer Science
Grade: 12º
Class: Inf12BT
Room: 18
Technical English Assignment to be
presented to the Private Medium Institute of
Technology in Luanda as a partial
requirement for the examination.
Teacher: Mauro Alexandre
Luanda, 2024/2025
Index
1. Introduction................................................................................................................1
2. Programming history..................................................................................................2
3. Functioning of the programming...............................................................................3
4. The Importance of the programming.........................................................................4
5. Conclusion..................................................................................................................6
6. Bibliography...............................................................................................................7
1. Introduction
Programming is the process of creating a set of instructions that tell the
computer how to perform a task. Programming can be done using a variety of computer
languages, such as SQL, JAVA, PYTHON and C++.
1
2. Programming history
The programming languages is essentially the foundation of the digital age. It is
the means by which humans communicate with machines, instructing them to perform
tasks ranging from the simplest to the most complex. Over the last century, we have
witnessed the evolution of these languages, moving from mere sequences of 1s and 0s
to complex, abstract forms that allows us to create sophisticated applications, and now,
artificial intelligence algorithms.
The genesis of programming(1920s-1940s), the history of programming has its
roots long before the digital era, with the conception of the first mechanized calculating
devices. The 1920s marked an important milestone in this journey with the advent of the
tabulator, a mechanical machine created by Herman Hollerith that could process data
stored on punched cards. This technology was one of the first instances of instructions
being used to manipulate data in an automated device.
However, the true beginnings of compute programming begin with the seminal
contributions of figures such as Ada Lovelace and Alan Turing. Lovelace, an English
mathematician, is often recognized as the world’s first female programmer. She was the
first to recognize that a machine, like the Analytical Engine proposed by Charles
Babbage, could be programmed to solve problems of any complexity, beyond simple
numerical calculations.
However, the term “programming” gained real meaning and substance with the
work of British mathematician Alan Turing. His theoretical studies of computation and
algorithms during the 1930s laid the foundation for modern computer science. The
Turing Machine, a theoretical conception, was fundamental to understanding what
computers could do. Essentially, it could read or ‘program’, paving the way for modern
programming concepts.
In 1940s, we began to see the construction of the first electronic computers, such
as the ENIAC, which was used during World WAR II for artillery trajectory
calculations. Despite its monumentality, the ENIAC was programmed in a very manual
and laborious way, requiring the physical relocation of cables and the configuration of
switches. It was in this context that the ‘plugboard’ emerged, a type of control panel
where cables could be inserted into different sockets to change the data route and,
therefore, the machine’s behavior.
2
ENIAC programmers created calculation routines directly manipulating these
plugboard, in a rudimentary and physical from of programming.
In the late 1940s, a team of programmers, led by Grace Hopper, began
developing the first true programming language, known as assembly, which allowed
programmers to write machine instructions using code, rather than having to reconfigure
them. Physically the machine for each new task. This was a crucial step in the evolution
of programming, as it represented the transition from a physical means of machine
control to a symbolic and abstract method.
The phase stretching from the 1950s to the 1980s was a period of accelerated
expansion and innovation in computer science. During these decades, we have seen the
birth and maturation of several programming languages that have shaped and, in many
cases, continue to influence the field of programming. These languages facilitated
communication between humans and machines, marking transition from low-level
programming to high-level programming, a change that increased programmers’
productivity and creativity.
3. Functioning of the programming
I. How the algorithms work:
Algorithms are the basis of programming. They are sets of step-by-step
instructions that lead to a desired result. Programmers design algorithms to solve
problems and perform specific tasks. They use control structures such as loops and
conditionals to create logical flows of execution.
II. Compilation and interpretation:
After the source code is created, the program needs to be converted into a form
that the computer can understand. This can be done through compilation or
interpretation. In compilation, source code is translated into machine code before
execution. In interpretation, the code is read and executed line by line in real time.
III. Software development:
3
Software development involves several steps, including requirements analysis,
design, implementation, testing, and software maintenance.
During the development process, programmers use development tools such as
IDEs (Integrated Development Environments), text editors, and debuggers to write and
debug their code.
IV. Programming paradigms:
There are different programming paradigms, which are approaches or styles for
writing code. Some of the most common paradigms are object-oriented programming,
functional programming, and procedural programming.
Each paradigms have its own characteristics and is suitable for different types of
problems.
4. The Importance of the programming
The programming drives technological advancement by enabling the creation of
new solutions and tools. It is responsible for developing software, applications and
systems that make our daily lives easier and expand technological possibilities in areas
such as health, education, industry and communication.
Importance
Programming is extremely important nowadays, as it is present in almost all
areas of our lives, from communication to health and education. Through programming,
it is possible to develop software, applications, websites, games, artificial intelligence
systems and much more.
Programming allows you to automate tasks, solve problems and create
personalized solutions to meet the specific needs of each person or company.
Furthermore, programming is a skill that is in high demand in the job market, especially
in areas such as information technology, engineering, finance and marketing.
Learning to program can be a challenge, but it offers numerous advantages. It
can help improve problem-solving skills, the ability to think creatively and analytically,
understanding complex systems, and building a solid, well-paying career. Therefore,
4
programming is an essential skill for anyone who wants to stay updated and competitive
in today’s world.
5
5. Conclusion
With the approach taken throughout this stimulating topic, we conclude that
programming language techniques are completely a key to understanding the modern
world, revolutionized with cutting-edge technologies in the coming years, as they are
the closest means of communication that man has to be able to communicate with
machines and beyond.
6
6. Bibliography
Programming (address:
https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/Programming, accessed on
01/02/2024);
Programming history (address: https://www.itptec.com/whatis/definition/,
accessed on 02/02/2024);
How does the programming work? (Address:
https://prepbytes.com/blog/computer-network/how-does-the-programming-
work/, accessed on 30/01/2024);
How the web work (address:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/
How_the_Web_works, accessed on 30/01/2024).
