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The document outlines various database models including Object-Oriented, Entity-Relationship, Conceptual, and Logical Data Models. It explains the characteristics and uses of each model, highlighting the differences in how entities, attributes, and relationships are represented. The Object-Oriented model is noted for its flexibility with multimedia and hypertext, while the Logical model emphasizes detailed specifications including primary and foreign keys.

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2 views

test1 (4)

The document outlines various database models including Object-Oriented, Entity-Relationship, Conceptual, and Logical Data Models. It explains the characteristics and uses of each model, highlighting the differences in how entities, attributes, and relationships are represented. The Object-Oriented model is noted for its flexibility with multimedia and hypertext, while the Logical model emphasizes detailed specifications including primary and foreign keys.

Uploaded by

govindanm223
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Database Model:-

This model defines a database as a collection of objects, or reusable


software elements, with associated features and methods. There are several
kinds of object-oriented databases:
A multimedia database incorporates media, such as images, that
could not be stored in a relational database.
A hypertext database allows any object to link to any other object.
It’s useful for organizing lots of disparate data, but it’s not ideal for numerical
analysis.
The object-oriented database model is the best known post-relational
database model, since it incorporates tables, but isn’t limited to tables. Such
models are also known as hybrid database models.
Entity-Relationship Model:-
This model captures the relationships between real-world entities
much like the network model, but it isn’t as directly tied to the physical
structure of the database. Instead, it’s often used for designing a database
conceptually.
Here, the people, places, and things about which data points are
stored are referred to as entities, each of which has certain attributes that
together make up their domain. The cardinality, or relationships between
entities, are mapped as well

Conceptual Data Model:-


A conceptual data model identifies the highest-level relationships
between the different entities. Features of conceptual data model include:
 Includes the important entities and the relationships among them.
 No attribute is specified.
 No primary key is specified.

The figure below is an example of a conceptual data model.


From the figure above, we can see that the only information shown via
the conceptual data model is the entities that describe the data and the
relationships between those entities. No other information is shown through
the conceptual data model.

Logical Data Model:-


A logical data model describes the data in as much detail as possible,
without regard to how they will be physical implemented in the database.
Features of a logical data model include:

 Includes all entities and relationships among them.


 All attributes for each entity are specified.
 The primary key for each entity is specified.
 Foreign keys (keys identifying the relationship between different
entities) are specified.
 Normalization occurs at this level.
The steps for designing the logical data model are as follows:-
 Specify primary keys for all entities.
 Find the relationships between different entities.
 Find all attributes for each entity.
 Resolve many-to-many relationships.
 Normalization.

The figure below is an example of a logical data model.


Comparing the logical data model shown above with the conceptual data
model diagram, we see the main differences between the two:
 In a logical data model, primary keys are present, whereas in a
conceptual data model, no primary key is present.
 In a logical data model, all attributes are specified within an entity. No
attributes are specified in a conceptual data model.
 Relationships between entities are specified using primary keys and
foreign keys in a logical data model. In a conceptual data model, the
relationships are simply stated, not specified, so we simply know that
two entities are related, but we do not specify what attributes are used
for this relationship.

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