NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

Open Book Examination

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Learner name Shaaf Elahee

NEBOSH learner 00682393
number
Learning Partner name Descon Technical Institute

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Answer sheet IG1-0034-ENG-OBE-V1 Jan24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 1 of 11

Task 1: Negative health and safety culture

Question 1
Peer pressure is related with health and safety culture of an organization. Either it leads
to positive or negative health and safety culture of an organization. Following are the
results in stablishing negative health and safety culture at Baggage handling system:
1) Worker C force the Worker B to work at end of Zone 3 alone which require multiple
ALAs to work together which is an indicator of negative health and safety culture.
2) Worker B was driving the tow truck faster than speed limit which leads to hit the
truck with Contractor because he wants to finish his job as soon as possible to
have good impression on Worker C to fit in the team which is an indicator of
negative health and safety culture.
3) Since Worker B is two months younger than its 18th Birthday so he is not mature
enough to handle a busiest distribution site alone where no one ready to perform
their job so he obviously makes incident which is an indicator of negative health
and safety culture.
4) Supervisor failed to assign duties and responsibilities as he asks Worker C to
allocate distribution point due to his seniority in his group which is an indicator of
negative health and safety culture.
5) Worker C at his own ask ALAs to give preference to all workers to chose any
distribution site which they would prefer which ultimately result in having a busiest
distribution point for Worker C which results in establishing negative health and
safety culture.
6) While Worker B was heading towards his assigned distribution point Worker C was
laughing and bullying at him along other Senior Workers which would demotivate
Worker B in performing his job which could cause an accident is results in
establishing negative health and safety culture.
7) There was informal hierarchy in BHS where senior feel that he has authority to
give order to new and young worker at their own which would definitely result in
establishing negative health and safety culture.
8) Supervisor didn’t confirm that whether Worker C has assigned right job for right
worker or not as just agree with his allocation due to his strong position in Zone 3
which help in establishing negative health and safety culture at BHS.
9) Worker B was failed to report that his distribution point needs more workers due to
size of work because Worker C threatened to report to supervisor which is
negative indicator of health and safety culture.
10) Worker C was not performing his own duty and has habit of just giving orders to
young and new workers to do any job or any follow his procedure in performing
the job which itself an indicator of negative indicator of health and safety culture.
11) Worker C didn’t make any written daily announcement which includes
maintenance of conveyor belt by Contractor and decided to do it later and put
announcement sheet in his pocket. Due to not listen any announcement Worker B
make an accident with Contractor which is negative indicator of health and safety
culture.
12) It was general perception of each worker due to strong peer pressure as say yes
to any job which senior would assign you will help in having better task in future.
As they just told Worker B “Just accept it and “have to earn the better task” results
in establishing negative health and safety culture at BHS.
13) Due to peer influence Worker B decided to not raise any issue so he can fit in
majority group which is an indicator of negative health and safety culture at BHS.
14) As Worker B complained to Worker C about the need of multiple ALAs at his
distribution site. No other worker dares to help the newly immature young Worker
B because of strong peer influence of Worker C in Zone 3 which could help in
establishing negative health and safety culture at BHS.

Task 2: Managing the contractor on site

Answer sheet IG1-0034-ENG-OBE-V1 Jan24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 2 of 11

Question 2
As it is clear from scenario that contractor has been poorly managed while working in
zone 3. Following are the shortcomings in managing contractor in Zone 3:
1) Contractor didn’t been asked by supervisor to provide risk assessment and method
statement as operation supervisor just greeted and ask whether he has worked
here before or not.
2) operation supervisor didn’t monitor performance of contractor as he just ask
contractor to inform him whenever he finish his job.
3) As performing maintenance job during holidays is high risk activity which need
permit to work to make sure that safety precautions before starting a job has been
taken but Operation supervisor didn’t ask about any permit from Contractor.
4) As contractor didn’t work before at Zone 3 and operation supervisor tells that
different zone has different layout so it was necessary to have contractor’s
workers induction training but they were failed to provide any training to
contractor’s workers.
5) Contractor didn’t ask to provide details of their workers which would obviously help
to manage and monitor contractor during performing their maintenance job.
6) Huge working site like maintenance at International airports needs to have sign in
and out procedure which would help to manage the outsider easily in term of
health and safety and security. But here Operation supervisor failed to follow such
standards while contractor was entering the maintenance site.
7) Contractor didn’t manage and monitor continuously manage and monitor while he
was performing maintenance job to check whether contractor is following health
and safety standards or not. As Operation supervisor fails to perform this job as
well as he just left contractor at site and move to neighbouring zone to resolve an
issue.
8) Contractor didn’t coordinate and cooperated in planning to perform maintenance
job properly to have no conflict between different activities. But Operation
supervisor also failed to coordinate him as baggage also loading at aircraft at
same site which ultimately results in accident.
9) Contractor didn’t submit any safe working procedure as Operation supervisor just
asked from contractor whether he has performed similar role in different zone or
not. Which is poor indication of managing contractor by Operation supervisor.
10) Contractor didn’t ask to pervade any previous maintenance records, any
references, accident history from Contractor which indicates the poor
management of Contractor at site.
11) During an accident Operation supervisor wasn’t available at site as he was busy
in resolving issues in neighbouring zone which could raise concern about poorly
management in emergency situation.
12) As contractor inform operation supervisor by telephone about his arrival but
supervisor fails to coordinate such high-risk activity to his workers. So contractor
also managed poorly in this regard.

Task 3: Actions of a labour inspector

Question 3 (a)
There are multiple function of Labour inspector to ensure health and safety at workplace.
Some are them are:
1) It is duty of labour inspector to guide employers and their employees towards
their responsibilities and rights to enforcement laws.
2) Labour inspector is also responsible to perform proper inspection following an
accident at workplace like finding immediate and root causes of an accident,
which rules of laws violated.
3) Labour inspector also guides employees and employers at workplace regarding
how to maintain health and safety at work. They also teach them regarding safety
procedure and how to obey health and safety legal laws.

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 4) Labour inspector also perform duty of giving punishment by having fines and
other legal restriction towards employer so that an employer makes sure to have
no such incident in future.
5) Labour inspector also investigates to ensure employees have been given their
legal rights and have been treated them in a good way by their employer.
6) Labour inspector also takes reviews from employees and act if employees do
valid complain about their employer.
Question 3 (b)
Following actions a Labour inspector could take if he or she visit workplace following an
accident:
1) In case of any serious health and safety issue noticed during a visit a Labour
inspector should give clear warning to fix the problem or ready for its
consequences.
2) Labour inspector also advice an employer to any health and safety changes he or
she noticed following a visit to ensure safety maintained and employees have
been treated rightly.
3) Labour inspector also advice an employer to come with a proper planning of how
they will fix changes regarding health and safety which he or she has been
suggested.
4) Labour inspector can get feedback by revisiting the employer to check
improvement for previous visit.
5) Labour inspector could give them advice and suggestion to improve safety and
obey laws. These suggestions could help in making workplace and its
environment better.
6) Labour inspector also punishes an employer severely in case of any serious
violation to legal laws of Government following a visit to inspect an accident.

Task 4: Safety signage

Question 4
Airports are engaged and active areas of a country and are a crucial part of the traveling
world.
Keeping airports hustle free, easy to use and uncongested should be some of the most
fulfilled criteria of a country.
For this, making and maintaining proper health and safety rules are a must-do.
It’ll allow enhanced pleasure of experience both for passengers and the workers.
Here are some of the important signs that should be included in safety criteria of an
airport to enhance balance and easiness.

1) Smoking restrictive areas:

There are some areas in the airport where smoking can be hazardous as it can cause fire
outrage or is unsafe for nonsmokers. To keep passengers and workers informed about
this, there should be bold and understandable “NO SMOKING” signs for them to
recognize and avoid smoking in those areas.

2) Signs for enhancing security at checkpoints:

In order to have hustle free security checking and to guide passengers to security
checking areas, proper signage language is necessary. This will allow less anxiety and
orderly checking without creating tension and aggression.

3) Signs at Emergency Exits points:

To have a less congested environment during an emergency situation like fire outrage or
electricity shortage, there should be properly graspable signs for exiting the area.
These signs should be elucidated and lightened up so they could be easily seen in dark
or smoke-filled air.

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 4) Luggage guiding signs:
When passengers don’t have proper knowledge of the airport environment or they’re
traveling for the first time, it’s difficult for them to do things properly and they’re more
prone to being anxious. So, there should be signs to guide them to their luggage. It’d
create less uneasiness and help maintain the orderly flow of processes.

5) Baggage rules signs:

Baggage rules and regulations are important for maintenance and ensuring the
easy fulfillment of the process. These signs would help guide passengers about weight of
the luggage, limitation of size and also restricted items. This will help less delay in the
security checking process.

6) Signs for keeping social distance:

Since COVID-19 started, maintaining special distancing has gained much importance.
Airport should also contain these signs and markers to maintain proper distance between
individuals especially during the process where they are likely to gather together, e.g.
making rows for security checking. Because at International Airports different people
travel together so they could touch and cough to spread virus.

7) Transportation information:
For passengers to have anxiety and confusion free experience of traveling in other
countries where they don’t have proper knowledge of transportation. I would expect to
see signs in the arrival areas to direct them to areas containing ground transportation like
cars, rental cars, taxis etc.

8) Display signs having flights information:

Flight information screens or displays are a crucial part of an airport area. For customers
to have proper information about flights, these screens should be present in different
areas of the airport giving complete information about flight departure, flight delays etc.
It will allow people to have adequate time for arrival at their respective gates and lesser
the tension.

9) Desks for getting Information:

There should be help points or information desks to help customers solve their confusion
about different things and to answer their queries regarding flight information etc.
They are crucial in large airports where confusion and congestion among passengers is
more likely to occur.

10) Reminder signs for hygiene:

Health reminders and hygiene cues are very important in the security of travelers and
workers especially in this global crisis time. I’d like to see signs of health reminders like
hand washing, covering the mouth while coughing or sneezing, avoiding excessive
handshakes and contact.

11) Navigation signage:

In large spaced areas of airports, it’s very easy for people to lose their way, or have
problems finding their ways. In order to avoid this state of confusion, there should be
understandable signs for people to easily find their ways to different locations like waiting
areas, lounge, smoking areas etc.

12) Warning signs for restricted areas:

Every airport has some areas which are only accessible to authorized persons.
Continuous entering of unauthorized persons can become a problem maintaining security
and health and safety. So, there should be bold and easy to grasp signs to restricted
areas in order to avoid uneasy situations.

Answer sheet IG1-0034-ENG-OBE-V1 Jan24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 5 of 11

 13) Hazard signs:
Signs for hazard warning are crucial for the safety of passengers and workers. Airports
should have signs for those situations like wet floors or construction processes for people
to have safe experiences. Airports are very busy areas of a country, so confusion, anxiety
and uneasiness are very likely to occur among passengers and travelers. In order to
avoid such situations and to maintain health and safety these rules and signs should be
present and followed on airports. This will allow pleasant experiences for every individual.

Task 5: Identification of management failures following root cause

investigation and immediate actions to take following the accident

Question 5 (a)
Following immediate actions could be taken by operation supervisor to ensure such
accident could not happen again:
1) Since there is an increase in near misses past year due to high priority in
delivering correct baggage at aircraft on time. So, operation supervisor could
establish a system of reporting any minor incident and implement investigation
properly.
2) Operation supervisor should reinforce his supervision and monitoring at his own
Zone 3. Regularly conduct inspection and monitoring to ensure safety and identify
safety issues before it causes an incident.
3) Operation supervisor could immediately establish robust emergency procedure by
allowing workers to report any emergency procedure swiftly. He can also make
emergency handling team to tackle any emergency situation on time.
4) To ensure following safety protocols and procedure Operation supervisor could
establish regular safety training so that safety maintained all time in performing
daily activities.
5) Encourage an environment where experienced ALAs help and support younger
and newly employed workers by establishing a culture of peer support and
reporting safety concerns.
6) Encourage and praise immediate identification of hazards and to address it at the
time. Encourage to report any fault, safety risks in handling baggage and other
equipment.
7) Introduction task rotating and establishing break time during high pressure job in
loading baggage at aircraft prevent ergonomic problems and stress handling.
8) Operation supervisor could introduce enhanced communication system for all
ALAs, Contractor to report any minor incident like conveyor faults, unable to
handle baggage at tow truck.
9) Operation supervisor can provide training and weekly awareness session
regarding manual handling of baggage at aircraft, repair and maintenance session
for experience ALAs, First Aid training and practical procedure to respond to any
emergency situation.
10) By leading as an example Operation supervisor could encourage to strictly follow
safety protocols and handling of tow truck by maintaining its speed in high
pressure activities baggage and equipment handling swiftly.

Question 5 (b)
Following are management failure resulted in an accident at BHS:
1) Multiple near misses happen past year and potential risks in assigning
inappropriate distribution point assign to young worker B indicates that
management completely failed to perform risk assessment in assessing ongoing
hazards.

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 2) There was a gap in handling emergency situation as workers as Operation
Supervisor saw workers clear fallen baggage which could be helpful in
investigating an accident. It clear indicate management failure in handling
emergency situation.
3) Management also failed to establish a system for reporting near misses as multiple
near misses happen last year which could lead to an accident.
4) There was a lack of continues monitoring the Contractor during conveyor
maintenance high risk activity which ultimately lead to an accident.
5) Management completely fails in enforcing their safety protocols as Worker B raised
concerns in working alone at distribution point while Worker C neglected his
concern.
6) Laughing and bullying at Worker B as he heading towards his distribution point
generate negative health and safety culture and management fails to monitor their
workers over inappropriate acts.
7) Management also remain fail to prioritize safety over productivity as their highest
priority was to deliver the baggage to correct aircraft on time which results in
increase rate of near misses during past year.
8) Experienced ALAs were unable to who were actually trained to carry out general
maintenance work of BHS system seems like management failed to trained them
properly in maintenance and repair works of conveyor.
9) Management were also failed in allocating resources like manpower and time to
manage high pressure job efficiently. As young immature workers were working
alone in Zone 3.
10) There was gap in communication and coordination between Contractor who was
performing high risk job and Workers who had job to load baggage on aircraft
timely leads to accident which is purely a management failure.
11) No regular check up on baggage handling system (BHS) which leads to conveyor
fault indicates management failure in regular checking of equipment.
12) Management also failed to implement permit to work system which ensure safety
precaution before starting a job, in performing high risk conveyor maintenance
activity at workplace.
13) Management also failed to assign role and responsibilities of their employees. As
there was informal hierarchy where seniors ALAs think they are justified in giving
order to younger ALAs.
14) Longest serving ALAs had a habit of giving order to new or younger ALAs. Which
causes peer pressure on younger ALAs to follow them and not reporting any
accident or difficulty. It is an indicator of negative health and safety culture. It also
shows management failure.

Task 6: Reporting the accident

Question 6 (a)
Contractor’s employer must report the accident to competent authority due to the
following reasons:
1) It was the responsibility of BHS international airport under article 16 of C155 and
Article 10 of R164 to provide safe workplace to their workers and visitors or
contractors. But they failed to perform their role. So, Contractor’s employer must
report this accident to competent authority.
2) While Contractor admitted into hospital following an accident happen at BHS in
International airport he will be unable to take any contract for his employer. Due to
Loss time injury (LTI) Contractor’s employer must report accident to competent
authority.
3) It’s a legal duty of Contractor’s employer under article 4 of Occupational health and
safety convention 1981 (P155) to report any major accident to competent
authority otherwise he could be punished.

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 4) Since International airport are very busy and too much crowded so it’s a high
chance of having similar or even worst accident to be happen in future. So,
Contractor’s employer must report this accident to competent authority.
5) Employer of a contractor should report this accident to claim any insurance cost to
pay the injured contractor.
6) Contractor’s employer must report to competent authority cover any direct cost like
sick pay to contractor or indirect cost like hiring another contractor temporarily.
Question 6 (b)
To report such accident, happen at BHS international airport Contractor’s employer
should follow the following steps:
1) Make proper arrangements under local and international legal laws and regulations
in term of reporting such accidents.
2) Make a record for reporting accident which could be accessible anytime as a
reportable accident history. It could include injured employee details like age
gender and nature of accident etc.
3) Make formal arrangement for investigation before reporting an accident which
could include details of accident site like taking photographs and witness
interviews etc.
4) Contractor’s employer should critically analyse that whether this accident is
reportable or not. Because reporting an unreportable accident could cause
competent authority to act against an employer or it could waste time and
resources in investigation.
5) Must have experienced and knowledgeable competent person who could prepare
a report for Contractor accident at BHS international airport.
6) Before reporting such accident to competent authority Contractor’s employer
should take assistance from medical professional to understand the nature of
injuries to address the incident properly.
7) Contractor’s employer should cooperate with competent authority regarding any
updates and proves to ensure transparent approach in resolving such incident.

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Task 7: Health and safety management roles and responsibilities

Question 7 (a)
Operation Supervisor failed to fulfil his roles and responsibilities because:
1) Operation Supervisor didn’t ask contractor regarding risk assessment and method
statement as he just greeted and just ask whether he has worked here before or
not.
2) Operation Supervisor didn’t coordinate with their workers to announce written list
of daily activities which also include an important announcement of repairing
faulty conveyor by contractor which results in having different activities at one site
with no proper coordination and result in an accident.
3) It was the duty of Operation supervisor to constantly manage and monitor
Contractor during performing maintenance job to check whether contractor is
following health and safety standards or not. But Operation supervisor fails to
perform this job as well as he just left contractor at site and move to neighbouring
zone to resolve an issue. Operation supervisor also asked contractor to find him
whenever he finishes his maintenance job.
4) As performing maintenance job during holidays is high risk activity which need
permit to work to make sure that safety precautions before starting a job has been
taken but Operation supervisor didn’t ask about any permit from Contractor as he
just greeted the contractor he asked him if he has performed similar job before or
not.

Question 7 (b)
There were some ALAs who failed to performed their duties like:
1) One of ALAs neglected basics responsibility of keeping himself save under ILO
recommendation R164 because he was sitting at the edge of conveyor while
working at one of distribution point in Zone 3.
2) Worker B also violated ILO recommendation R164 to other people at workplace
safe as he speeds up the tow truck to save time and struck with Contractor.
3) Operation supervisor advice Worker C to make announcement of daily list of
activities but he failed to do so. As he decided to do it later and put announcement
sheet in his pocket.
4) Operation supervisor also give responsibility to Worker C to assign duties at
distribution points which he failed to do so as he asked ALAs to chose any
distribution point which they prefer.
5) Worker C along with another ALA in laughing and bullying at Worker B while he
was heading towards his distribution point and fails to do their own job.
6) Worker C didn’t cooperate and coordinate with Worker B in term of providing him
multiple ALAs at busiest distribution point instead threatened him to report to
Operation Supervisor if he didn’t follow his instruction. So, he fails to fulfil his
responsibility of cooperation and coordination with younger worker.

Task 8: Emergency procedures in practice

Question 8 (a)
There were good things happen in managing emergency:
1) Although Worker B was in hurry to finish the task on time but he manages to turn
tow truck when he contractor in front of him which save Contractor having more
severe injury or even death.
2) As worker B struck with Contractor while heading towards distribution point he
stops tow truck and immediately run towards an injured Contractor.
3) There was proper emergency sound accessible to worker which had alerted
nearby workers towards an accident.

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 4) Immediately after an accident on duty first aider give first aid to an injured
contractor.
5) Operation supervisor asked first aider to contact emergency services to ensure
timely availability of emergency services.
6) Operation supervisor while arranging emergency instructed first aider to stay with
injured contractor and monitor him properly.
7) Operation supervisor cordon off the area to prevent entering more tow truck at
accident site to avoid happen similar accident again.
8) Since Worker B was young and immature so he was in state of shock. Operation
supervisor take him to office to calm down.
9) As emergency services arrived Contractor immediately shift to near hospital where
he was treated for his fractured wrist and several bruises across his body.
10) Operation supervisor decided to have an emergency meeting after an accident to
discuss and immediate and root causes behind this accident which shows
commitment in avoiding such incident to happen in future.
11) Arranging an emergency meeting right after accident show continuous and
proactive approach to deal with such emergency situation and prevent happening
such incident in future.
Question 8 (b)
In case operation supervisor is not available then following arrangement could be done
by another worker:
1) Worker should be given additional training to handle any emergency situation in
absence of supervisor. Training should include procedure to handle emergency
situation, how to communicate and respond.
2) There should be clear documented roles and responsibilities of designated
workers to handling emergency situation and these documents should be
accessible to worker.
3) Established a team of well-trained workers willing to assume the role of handling
emergency situation in absence of supervisor. Team members must be
coordinate each other and available whenever they needed.
4) There should clear command and instruction from a worker assume as a leader to
clearly demonstrate the role and responsibilities of other team members towards
managing emergency situation.
5) Team of specialized personnel should perform emergency drill on regular basis to
be familiar with their duties towards emergency situation. In this way management
or supervisor identify the areas of improvement towards managing emergency
situation.
6) Encourage and empower workers and give them a sense of ownership so they
proactively handle emergency situation in absence of operation supervisor.
7) Workers should be provided kit which could have documentation details, first aid
accessories or any other special tool to use in case of emergency. This kit could
help worker manage emergency situation until medical emergency eservices
arrive.

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Documents and For example: course notes, HSG245

sources of information NEBOSH IGC1 RRC International

Answer sheet IG1-0034-ENG-OBE-V1 Jan24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 10 of 11

 you used in your
examination DTI Course notes provided by instructor

Functions Of Labour Inspection And Actions The Labour

Inspector Could Take Following The Visit (hseblog.com)

Key Safety Signage at Airports for Protecting Workers and

Passengers (hseblog.com)

ENG_Employers_Guide[1].pdf

Citation | How to report an accident in 6 simple steps

End of examination

Now follow the instructions on submitting your answers in the NEBOSH Certificate Digital
Assessment - Technical Learner Guide, English. All digital assessment guidance
documents can be found on the NEBOSH website:
https://www.nebosh.org.uk/digital-assessments/certificate/resources-to-help-you-prepare/

Answer sheet IG1-0034-ENG-OBE-V1 Jan24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 11 of 11