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SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY
 Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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SOCIAL
PSYCHOLOGY
First SOUTH AFRICAN EDITION

Roy F. Baumeister, Brad J. Bushman

Y. Ally, D. de Sousa, R. M. Dhlomo-Sibiya, C. Hermann,
K. Mbatha, A. Nienaber, G. Schwär,
K. Shirinda-Mthombeni, F. Silinda

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • South Africa • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States

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 This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions,
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 Social Psychology, © 2018, Cengage Learning EMEA
1st South African Edition
R.F. Baumeister, B.J. Bushman, WCN: 02-300
Y. Ally, D. de Sousa, R.M. Dhlomo-Sibiya, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
C. Hermann, K. Mbatha, A. Nienaber,
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
G. Schwär, K. Shirinda-Mthombeni,
F. Silinda permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
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Brief Contents
CHAPTERS
1 The mission and the method 2

2 Culture and nature 30

3 The self 62

4  Choices and actions: The self in control 102

5  Social cognition 132

6 Emotion and affect 164

7 Attitudes, beliefs and consistency 202

8  Social influence and persuasion 226

9  Prosocial behaviour: Doing what’s best for others 256

10 Aggression and antisocial behaviour 294

11 Interpersonal attraction and rejection 330

12  Close relationships: Passion, intimacy and sexuality 360

13 Prejudice and intergroup relations 396

14 Groups 430

Glossary G-1

Endnotes E-1

Credit C-1

Index I-1

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Contents

1 The mission and the method 2

A brief history of social How do social psychologists
psychology / 4 answer their own
questions? / 13
What do social psychologists
Accumulated common wisdom / 13
do? / 7
Overview of the scientific method / 13
Social psychology’s place Scientific theories / 14
in the world / 8 Research design / 16
Social psychology’s place
in the social sciences / 8
How much of social psychology
Social psychology’s place within
is true? / 25
psychology / 9 Self-correcting nature of science / 26
Reliance on student samples / 26
Why people study social Cultural relativity / 26
psychology / 11
Curiosity about people / 11 Summary 27
Experimental philosophy / 11 Key terms 29
Making the world better / 11 Test yourself answers 29
Social psychology is fun! / 12

2 Culture and nature / 30

Nature, nurture and social Important features of human
behaviour / 33 social life / 47
Explaining the psyche / 33 The duplex mind / 47
Nature defined / 34 The long road to social acceptance / 50
Evolution, and doing what’s natural / 34 Built to relate / 51
Social animals / 36 Nature says go, culture says stop / 52
The social brain / 37 Selfish impulse versus social conscience / 53
Trade-offs: When you can’t have it all / 54
Culture and human social life / 38 Putting people first / 55
Social animal or cultural animal? / 38
Culture defined / 38 Summary 59
Nature and culture interacting / 41 Key terms 60
What makes cultural animals? / 44 Test yourself answers 60
Are people the same everywhere? / 45

vi

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3 The self / 62
What is the self? / 64 Self-esteem, self-deception
The self’s main jobs / 64 and positive illusions / 86
Who makes the self: The individual or Self-esteem / 86
society? / 65 Reality and illusion / 87
Self-awareness / 69 How people fool themselves / 88
Why do we have self-awareness? / 71 Benefits of self-esteem / 89
Why do we care? / 91
Where self-knowledge
Is high self-esteem always good? / 91
comes from / 73
Pursuing self-esteem / 93
Looking outside: The looking-glass self / 73
Looking inside: Introspection / 74 Self-presentation / 94
Looking at others: Social comparison / 75 Who’s looking? / 95
Self-perception / 76 Making an impression / 96
The fluctuating image(s) of self / 78 Self-presentation and risky behaviour / 98
Why people seek self-knowledge / 78
Summary 100
Self and information processing / 82 Key terms 101
Anything that touches the self… / 82
Test yourself answers 101
Can the self-concept change? / 83

4 Choices and actions: The self in control / 102

What you do, and what it means / 104 Self-regulation
Making choices / 105 and habits / 119
Why people don’t choose / 108 Control and willpower / 119
Reactance / 109 Standards: Ideas that guide
Freedom to change / 110 self-regulation / 119
Monitoring: Watching what you’re doing / 119
Freedom of action / 111 Willpower for change / 121
More or less free / 111 Willpower and decision fatigue / 122
Free action comes from inside / 111 Habits / 123
Having an out versus no escape / 112
Irrationality and self-destruction / 125
Goals, plans, intentions / 113 Self-defeating acts: Being your
Setting and pursuing goals / 113 own worst enemy / 125
Hierarchy of goals / 115 Suicide / 127
Multiple goals and goal shielding / 116
Summary 130
Reaching goals: What’s the plan? / 117
Common mistakes in planning / 117 Key terms 131
Test yourself answers 131

C on t en t s vii

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5 Social cognition / 132

What is social cognition? / 134 Anchoring and adjustment

heuristic / 149
Thinking about people: A special case? / 134
Why people think, and why they don’t / 135 Flawed or clever thinking? / 151
Automatic and deliberate thinking / 136
Schemas / 138 (So-called) errors and biases / 152
Scripts / 138 Confirmation bias / 152
Priming / 138 Illusory correlations / 154
Framing / 140 Base rate fallacy / 155
Thought suppression and ironic Gambler’s fallacy and the hot hand / 155
processes / 141 False consensus effect / 156
False uniqueness effect / 156
Attributions and explanations:
Perseverance of theories / 157
Why did that happen? / 144
Statistical regression / 157
It’s not my fault: Explaining success and
Illusion of control / 157
failure / 144
Counterfactual thinking / 158
You know I’m right: The actor/observer
bias / 145
Are most people really just kind
Challenging attribution theory / 147
of stupid? / 160
Explaining actions: A different approach / 147
Reducing cognitive errors / 160
Heuristics: Mental shortcuts / 148
Summary 162
Representativeness heuristic / 148
Availability heuristic / 148 Key terms 163
Simulation heuristic / 149 Test yourself answers 163

6 Emotion and affect / 164

What is emotion? / 166 Emotions communicate social
information / 185
Conscious emotion versus automatic
affect / 166 Emotions cause behaviour –
sort of / 185
Emotional arousal / 167 Emotions guide thinking and learning / 187
James–Lange theory of emotion / 167 (Anticipated) emotion guides decisions
Schachter–Singer theory of emotion / 168 and choices / 188
Misattribution of arousal / 170 Emotions help and hurt decision making / 189
Positive emotions counteract negative
Some important emotions / 171 emotions / 189
Happiness / 171 Other benefits of positive emotions / 190
Anger / 177
Group differences in emotion / 191
Guilt and shame / 179
Are emotions different across cultures? / 191
Disgust / 182
Are women more emotional than men? / 192
Why do we have emotions? / 184
Arousal, attention and performance / 193
Emotions promote belongingness / 184
Emotional intelligence (El or EQ) / 194
v ii i C ont e n ts

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 Affect regulation / 195 Is affect regulation safe? / 198
How to cheer up / 196
Summary 199
Affect regulation goals / 196
Key terms 201
Gender differences in emotion control
strategies / 197 Test yourself answers 201

7 Attitudes, beliefs and consistency / 202

What are attitudes and why do people Do attitudes really predict
have them? / 204 behaviours? / 216
Attitudes versus beliefs / 204 Attacking attitudes / 216
Dual attitudes / 204 Defending attitudes / 216
Why people have attitudes / 205 Behavioural intentions / 218

How attitudes are formed / 206 Beliefs and believing / 219

Formation of attitudes / 206 Believing versus doubting / 219
Polarisation / 209 Belief perseverance / 219
Belief and coping / 220
Consistency of attitudes / 211 Religious belief / 222
Cognitive dissonance and attitude Irrational belief / 222
change / 211
Justifying effort / 211 Summary 224
Justifying choices / 213
Key terms 225
Advances in dissonance theory / 213
Test yourself answers 225

8 Social influence and persuasion / 226

Two types of social influence / 228 Says what: The message / 243
Being liked and accepted: Normative To whom: The audience / 246
influence / 228 Two routes to persuasion / 248
Being correct: Informational influence / 230
Resisting social influence
Techniques of social influence / 231 techniques / 249
Techniques based on commitment Attitude inoculation / 250
and consistency / 231 Forewarned is forearmed / 250
Techniques based on reciprocation / 234 Use all your resources / 251
Techniques based on scarcity / 236
Techniques based on capturing Summary 252
and disrupting attention / 238 Key terms 254
Test yourself answers 254
Persuasion / 239
Who: The source / 239

C on t en t s ix

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 9 Prosocial behaviour: Doing what’s best for others / 256
Is helping contagious? / 258 Who helps whom? / 281
Helpful personality / 281
What is prosocial behaviour? / 258 Similarity / 281
Born to reciprocate / 260 Gender / 281
Born to be fair / 262 Beautiful victims / 282
Morality / 263 Belief in a just world / 283
Emotion and mood / 283
Cooperation, forgiveness, obedience,
conformity and trust / 266 Bystander helping in emergencies / 284
Five steps to helping / 284
Cooperation / 266
Too busy to help? / 287
Forgiveness / 269
Obedience / 272 How can we increase helping? / 288
Conformity / 274 Getting help in a public setting / 288
Trust / 274 Provide helpful models / 289
Why do people help others? / 276 Teach moral inclusion / 289

Evolutionary benefits / 276 Summary 291

Two motives for helping: Altruism
and egoism / 278 Key terms 292
Is altruism possible? / 279 Test yourself answers 292

10 Aggression and antisocial behaviour / 294

Defining aggression, violence External causes of
and antisocial behaviour / 297 aggression / 311
Is the world more or less violent Weapons effect / 311
now than in the past? / 298 Mass media / 313
Unpleasant environments / 314
Is aggression innate or learned? / 301
Chemical influences / 315
Instinct theories / 301
Learning theories / 302 Self and culture / 317
Nature and nurture / 303 Norms and values / 317
Self-control / 318
Inner causes of aggression / 304
Wounded pride / 319
Frustration / 304
Culture of honour / 319
Being in a bad mood / 304
Hostile cognitive biases / 305 Other antisocial behaviour / 321
Age and aggression / 306 Lying / 321
Gender differences in aggression and Cheating / 322
violence / 307
Stealing / 323
Interpersonal causes of Littering / 324
aggression / 308 Summary 327
Selfishness and influence / 308
Key terms 329
Domestic violence: Hurting those we love / 310
Test yourself answers 329
x C ont e nts

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
11 Interpersonal attraction and rejection / 330
The need to belong / 332 Attraction in the 21st century:
Online dating / 344
Belongingness as a basic need / 332
Two ingredients to belongingness / 336 Rejection / 347
Not belonging is bad for you / 337 Effects of rejection: Inner reactions / 349
Best friends, lovers and groups / 337 Behavioural effects of rejection / 351
Loneliness / 352
Attraction: Who likes whom? / 337
What leads to social rejection? / 354
Similarity, complementarity,
oppositeness / 338 Romantic rejection and unrequited love / 355
Social rewards: You make me feel good / 339
Summary 358
Tit for tat: Reciprocity and liking / 340
Key terms 359
You again: Mere exposure / 341
Test yourself answers 359
Looking good / 342

12 Close relationships: Passion, intimacy and sexuality / 360

What is love? / 363 Being yourself: Is honesty the best
policy? / 376
Passionate and companionate love / 363
Love and culture / 364 Sexuality / 378
Love across time / 364 Theories of sexuality / 378
Sternberg’s triangle / 365 Sex and gender / 381
Homosexuality / 383
Different types of relationships / 369 Extradyadic sex / 385
Exchange versus communal / 369
Jealousy and possessiveness / 387
Loving people who love themselves / 370
Culture, female sexuality and the double
standard / 390
Maintaining relationships / 371
I love you more each day (?) / 372 Summary 393
Investing in relationships that last / 373 Key terms 395
Thinking styles of couples / 374 Test yourself answers 395

13 Prejudice and intergroup relations / 396

ABCs of intergroup relationships: Us versus them: Groups in
competition / 406
Prejudice, discrimination and
Ignorance? The contact
stereotypes / 398 hypothesis / 410
Common prejudices and targets / 401 Rationalisation for oppression / 411
Muslims / 401 Stereotypes as heuristics / 411
Xenophobia / 402 Prejudice and self-esteem / 412
Albinism / 402 Content of prejudice and stereotypes / 412
People who are overweight / 403
Are stereotypes always wrong, mostly wrong, or
Homosexuals / 403 mostly right? / 412
Why prejudice exists / 405 Are stereotypes always negative? / 415
C on t en t s xi

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 Inner processes / 415 Self-fulfilling prophecies / 422
Stigma and self-protection / 423
Overcoming stereotypes, reducing Stereotype threat / 424
prejudice / 417 Are social psychologists biased? / 426
Conscious override / 418
Contact / 421 Summary 427
Superordinate goals / 421 Key terms 429
Test yourself answers 429
Impact of prejudice on targets / 422

14 Groups / 430
What groups are and do / 433 Groupthink / 449
Foolish committees / 450
Groups, roles and selves / 437 Group polarisation and the
‘risky shift’ / 451
Group action / 439
Social facilitation / 439 Power and leadership / 452
Social loafing / 441 Leadership / 452
Punishing cheaters and free riders / 443 Toxic leaders / 454
Deindividuation and mob violence / 443 What is power? / 456
Shared resources and the commons Effects of power on leaders / 457
dilemma / 445 Preserving power / 459
Effects of power on followers / 460
How groups think / 446
Legitimate leadership / 460
Brainstorming, and the wisdom
of groups / 446 Summary 463
Why do people love teams? / 448
Key terms 464
Transactive memory: Here, you remember
this / 448 Test yourself answers 464

Glossary G01–G10
Endnotes E01–E48
Credit C01–C02
Index I1–I12

xii C ont e nts

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About the authors
Roy F. Baumeister holds the Eppes Eminent Professorship Brad J. Bushman is a professor of communication and
in Psychology at Florida State University, where he is the psychology at The Ohio State University, where he holds the
head of the social psychology graduate programme and Rinehart Chair of Mass Communication. He is also a professor
teaches social psychology to students at all levels. He of communication science at the VU University Amsterdam,
has taught introductory social psychology to thousands the Netherlands, in the summer. For more than 25 years he
of undergraduate students. He received his Ph.D. from has conducted research on the causes, consequences and
Princeton in 1978, and his teaching and research activities solutions to the problem of human aggression and violence.
have included appointments at the University of California He co-chaired the National Science Foundation youth violence
at Berkeley, Case Western Reserve University, the University advisory committee that was formed in the wake of the shooting
of Texas at Austin, the University of Virginia, the Max in Newtown, Connecticut. He also is a member of former
Planck Institute in Munich (Germany), the VU University President Obama’s committee on gun violence. He is ranked
Amsterdam (the Netherlands), King Abdulaziz University number two in citations among communication scholars. In
(Saudi Arabia), and the Center for Advanced Study in the 2014 he received the Distinguished Lifetime Contribution to
Behavioural Sciences at Stanford. Baumeister is an active Media Psychology and Technology, American Psychological
researcher whose work has been funded by the National Association. His research has challenged several myths (e.g.,
Institutes of Health and by the Templeton Foundation. He violent media have a trivial effect on aggression, venting anger
has done research on the self (including self-esteem and reduces aggression, violent people suffer from low self-esteem,
self-control), the need to belong, sexuality, aggression, and violence and sex on TV sell products, warning labels reduce
how people find meaning in life. In 2005, the Institute for audience size). One colleague calls him the ‘myth buster’. His
Scientific Information concluded from a survey of published research has been published in the top scientific journals (e.g.,
bibliographies that he was among the most influential Science, Nature, PNAS) and has been featured extensively in
psychologists in the world (the top 1%), and that status the mass media (e.g., BBC, New York Times, NPR). He lives
has been confirmed several times since then. According in Columbus, Ohio, with his wife, Tam Stafford, and their
to Google Scholar, his works have been cited more than youngest son, Branden. Their two oldest children, Becca and
90 000 times in the scientific literature. In his (very rare) Nathan, are students at The Ohio State University. In his spare
spare time, he likes to ski and play jazz. In 2013 he received time, he likes to ride his bicycle (especially in Amsterdam),
the William James Award, the highest honour bestowed train in Tang Soo Do at J. Kim martial arts (where he currently
by the Association for Psychological Science in all of is Dan 2), and listen to progressive rock (e.g., Patrick Moraz,
psychology, as recognition of his lifetime achievements and Steve Hackett, Yes, Genesis, Pink Floyd) and jazz (e.g., Michiel
contributions to basic scientific research in psychology. Borstlap, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, Sonny Rollins).

xiii

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About the South African contributors
Yaseen Ally holds a doctorate degree from the University South Africa. He teaches social psychology, developmental
of South Africa. He is a Research Psychologist and Registered psychology and ecosystemic psychology at undergraduate and
Counsellor. He lectures at Nelson Mandela University and postgraduate level. He is also the editor of the New Voices in
teaches at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, including Psychology journal housed in the Department of Psychology
social psychology and research. He has published in national at the same institution. He has presented numerous papers
and internationally accredited journals and has presented his at local and international conferences. He also supervises a
research at numerous conferences. number of postgraduate students.

Diana de Sousa holds a doctorate degree from the Alida Nienaber holds a doctorate in Psychology from
University of the Witwatersrand. She is a registered the North-West University, Potchefstroom campus. She is
Research Psychologist with the HPCSA. She is the author a registered Counselling Psychologist at the HPCSA. She is
and co-author of numerous accredited articles published the author and co-author of accredited articles in national
locally and internationally and has presented papers at a and international journals and has presented papers at many
number of conferences. She is the Head of Teaching and national and international conferences in Psychology and
Learning and a lecturer at the Johannesburg campus of the Positive Psychology. She is a retired Associate Professor in
South African College of Applied Psychology (SACAP). Psychology at the North-West University’s Potchefstroom
She teaches quantitative and qualitative research methods, campus. Through the years she has supervised many Masters
personality and social psychology, and supervises research and Doctoral students. She also acted as external examiner
projects of undergraduate and postgraduate students. She for many Masters and Doctoral students of UJ, UFS, UP
holds the portfolio of Chair of the Registered Counsellor and and UNISA.
Psychometry (RCP) Division of the Psychological Society of
South Africa (PsySSA). Gerhard Schwär holds a doctorate degree from Vista
University. He lectures in the Psychology Department of
Mbali Dhlomo-Sibiya holds a doctorate degree in the University of Johannesburg. He is registered with the
Community Psychology from the University of Zululand. She HPCSA as a Counselling Psychologist. He has authored and
is registered as a Clinical Psychologist with the HPCSA. She co-authored several accredited articles published locally
is the co-author of numerous accredited articles published and internationally and has presented scientific papers at
locally and internationally and has presented papers at a a number of local as well as international conferences. He
number of conferences. She was an Associate Professor in the supervises Honours, Masters and Doctoral students and
Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand. She serves as external examiner and moderator for several South
supervises Masters and Doctoral students. African universities.

Caroll Hermann holds a doctorate degree from the Keit Shirinda-Mthombeni holds an MSc degree in
University of Zululand. She is registered as a practitioner at Psychology from the University of South Africa. She is a
the HPCSA. She is the author and co-author of numerous lecturer in the Department of Psychology at the University
accredited articles published locally and internationally and of South Africa. She teaches social psychology, community
has presented papers at a number of conferences. She is Senior psychology and HIV and AIDS modules. She is a registered
Lecturer in the Department of Psychology at University of Counsellor with the HPCSA. She is also involved with
Zululand. She supervises Masters and Doctoral students and postgraduate student supervision.
serves as external examiner and moderator for undergraduate,
Honours and Masters examination papers, dissertation and Fortunate Silinda holds a master’s degree from the
doctoral theses. University of South Africa. She is registered as a Research
Psychologist at the HPCSA. She has co-authored international
Khonzi Mbatha holds a master’s degree in Research and local publications and has presented papers at a number
Psychology specialising in research consultancy. He lectures of conferences. She is a Lecturer in the Department of
in the Department of Psychology at the University of Psychology at UNISA and a postgraduate student.

xiv

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A SWIM IN THE CANAL AND WHAT CAME
OF IT
 CHAPTER VII
A SWIM IN THE CANAL AND WHAT CAME OF IT
The message brought by the pigeon proved to be word direct from the Prince
of Orange himself to the people of Leyden. He implored them to take
courage, and explained what means he had taken to effect their relief. The
plan was what Gysbert had suspected, but was of even wider scope. Not only
had all the dykes been ruptured and the water had begun to rise upon the
Land-scheiding, but also the Prince had been rapidly collecting provisions in
all the principal cities and towns near by and was loading them on a fleet of
vessels ready to sail across the land to Leyden when the flood would permit.
Thus the same waters that were to rout the Spanish army were to bear life
and food to the suffering city. It was truly a daring and original plan, and Van
der Werf's stern, harassed countenance lighted with joy when he read the
missive.
"Ring the bells!" he commanded. "Call a meeting of the populace in the great
square! Order the military bands to play inspiriting music! Fire the cannons
and sing lustily! Surely this news must put heart into the people!"
Then such a bedlam of sounds as rose within the walls of Leyden! Not for
months had there been such a stir and life in the streets of the half-dead city.
The Spaniards outside, hearing the revelry and not in the least understanding
its cause, gazed at each other in amazement and could only conjecture that a
great army must be coming to the relief of their foes. But they were not long
to remain in doubt. That night a sentinel rushed into the camp shouting:
"The water! the water! It stands ten inches deep all round the outskirts of the
Land-scheiding! The dykes have all been pierced!" And swift consternation
seized them, as they began to grasp the meaning of the shouts of joy within
the walls of Leyden.
But a week passed, and the waters did not continue to rise. The low tides and
the constant east winds were most unfavorable to the present flooding of the
land. Confidence was restored to the Spanish army, and in the city the recent
joy faded away as suddenly as it had come. Dull distrust reigned unchecked,
and the Glippers of whom there were not a few in the town, lost no
opportunity to scoff at 'This mad hopeless scheme of the Prince's,' as they
called it.
"Go up to the Tower on Hengist Hill," they would cry scornfully to the patriots,
"and see if the ocean is coming over the dry land to your relief!" Then it came
to be that Hengist Hill was haunted day and night by anxious, hunger-stricken
men and women, watching, hoping, trusting, praying that some help might
come to the famished city.
Meantime the weather continued stifling and unbearable, and sickness, death
and the plague raged in Leyden. Jacqueline had her heart and hands full with
her newly assumed duties. But Gysbert, not having lately any mission to
execute beyond the walls, found time hanging rather heavily on his hands.
One muggy, oppressive morning he determined, for lack of anything better to
do, to seek some secluded spot and indulge in a refreshing swim in one of the
less-frequented canals.
Reaching a shaded spot sufficiently isolated for his purpose, he divested
himself of his garments, plunged in, and remained for half an hour swimming
about idly in the cool water. At length concluding that his bath had been long
enough, he drew himself out and was about to resume his clothes, when he
happened to glance down the road that led by the canal. About a hundred
yards ahead, a black-cloaked figure whose rear view struck him as somewhat
familiar, was hurrying stealthily along.
"By St. Pancras!" muttered Gysbert. "If that isn't Dirk Willumhoog again!
There's mischief afoot!" Dropping his clothes he ran down the bank, slipped
without noise into the water, and swam hurriedly in the direction of the
retreating figure.
"If I keep behind him close and to the bank," thought the boy, "I can watch
him very well, and he'll never suspect there is a soul around." It did not take
him long to catch up with the man he was pursuing. Most of the time he kept
out of sight, but he rose occasionally far enough to poke his head over the
edge of the canal and peep at his enemy. Once as he did so, he dropped back
quickly, finding that Dirk had seated himself under a tree not five feet away.
The man was busily engaged in examining the writing on some scraps of
paper, or he would certainly have seen the wet, tousled head poked suddenly
up over the bank.
"Whew!" thought Gysbert as he ducked, "but that was a narrow escape! I
wonder how long he's going to sit mooning there! 'Tis right unpleasant
hanging here motionless, and in spite of the heat, the water grows chilly." But
Dirk had evidently no intention of moving at present, and Gysbert was obliged
to shiver and wait for some time, before the spirit moved the man to be gone.
At length the crunch of footsteps on the gravel warned the boy that his
enemy was once more on his way. It was a relief to swim again and limber up
his stiffened body, but to his astonishment he found that they were drawing
near to an unfrequented portion of the city near the walls, and that the canal-
street would soon turn off in another direction.
"Where can he be going?" questioned Gysbert, as he poked up his head at
the turn, and saw Dirk advancing straight on, apparently right to the wall
itself. At that moment the man half turned his head and Gysbert ducked
under hastily. When he again raised himself, to his amazement Dirk had
disappeared as completely as though the earth had opened up and swallowed
him.
"Has the rascal spread his cloak and flown over the wall, or has he changed
his bodily substance and passed right through it, like the prince in the fairy
tale?" demanded Gysbert of the air about him. But as it was plain this would
bring no solution of the enigma, he cautiously crept toward the wall,
determined by some means to solve the mystery.
From the turn of the canal to the wall was a distance of perhaps five hundred
yards, an unoccupied space of ground like a meadow, broken by nothing save
a little brook that connected with the canal. At the base of the wall this brook
spread out for a space, like a miniature lake. Gysbert examined every inch of
the ground attentively, without finding anything that might serve to enlighten
him. At the face of the wall he stopped. Plainly no human being could scale at
this point the high, smooth surface that confronted him. Dropping on his
knees he examined the base. "Nothing here!" he muttered, and waded into
the tiny lake that spread out before him.
Step by step he advanced, feeling carefully of the brick wall at every interval,
to detect any possible weak spot, when suddenly his feet slipped into a deep
hole, he was drawn under, and swept by the force of some swift current,
through a small hidden aperture in the wall. When he came to the surface, he
grasped at a projecting ledge, and tried to ascertain what had happened. It
did not take him long to guess. The marshy land in and about Leyden was
constantly intersected by the formation of new brooks and streams. Not
infrequently they would undermine the very wall itself, and in times of peace,
these defects were always carefully watched and remedied. But in the terrible
strain under which the city had existed for the past months, this one had
evidently passed unnoticed, and in truth, no one would have suspected its
presence from the inside of the city, so well was it hidden by the little
spreading lake.
"Now what ought I do next?" thought Gysbert when he had unravelled this
mystery. "Without doubt this is Dirk's secret doorway, and how he discovered
it the Evil One only knows! The question is, should I try to explore it before
he is well out of the way? I would hardly care to meet him in this black hole!
On the other hand, I don't believe he will remain in here a moment longer
than he has to, and I'm freezing hanging here. I'll risk it!"
So saying he plunged into the grim cave, and commenced his journey
through the base of the great wall of Leyden. To his disgust he found that the
stream did not penetrate straight from side to side, but turned and pierced
through the length of the wall for many yards. The way was difficult enough,
since he had to fight every inch of his progress against the swift current, and
once the water deepened to such an extent that he was forced to swim.
Moreover, unwarmed by any sun it was icy cold, and his limbs grew numb and
his teeth chattered.
For a moment panic seized him, and he felt sure he would never get out alive,
but would drown in this horrible place. Then his natural courage again
asserted itself, and he pressed steadily forward. At length the course of the
hidden stream changed again, a faint glimmer of daylight appeared, and in
another moment he stood outside the walls of Leyden, protected from the
gaze of the Spanish camp only by a few bushes. No Dirk Willumhoog was to
be seen, but there remained not a shadow of doubt that this was his mode of
ingress to and exit from the city of Leyden.
Gysbert lay down in the sunlight, and warmed his numbed body in its
welcome heat. In half an hour's time he had started on his return trip, and
found it twice as easy as travelling in the opposite direction. Far from fighting
the current he was helped along by it, and in a short time stood safe within
the town again. Arrived there, another swim awaited him, for as he could not
run through the town clad in nothing at all, he was obliged to take to the
canal till he reached the spot where he had left his clothes. Once only he
stopped to climb out and investigate the place where Dirk had sat examining
his papers. As good luck would have it, he discovered hidden away in the
grass where it had evidently fallen unnoticed, one of the scraps. On it were
written a few words, evidently only a part of the whole, whatever that might
have been. Gysbert read them and his eyes grew big with wonder, and then
snapped angrily. "Ah, this is shameful!" he cried. "We'll see about this, Dirk
Willumhoog, thou traitor as well as coward!"
With the paper in his mouth for safety, he plunged into the canal, swam to
the point where he had left his clothes, flung them on hastily, and hurried
home as fast as he could run.
"I shall have something to tell Jacqueline about this day's work!" he remarked
to himself with great satisfaction.
"TRANQUIL AMID RAGING BILLOWS"
 CHAPTER VIII
"TRANQUIL AMID RAGING BILLOWS"
Jacqueline was not at home when Gysbert arrived hot and breathless. She
had been out all morning with Dr. de Witt on their usual errand of mercy, and
Vrouw Voorhaas declared with much sullen complaining, that she could not be
expected for an hour yet. So the boy was compelled to fret and wander about
idly till she appeared. When she came she looked desperately tired, but she
ascended cheerfully to the dove-cote with her brother, which place he chose
as the safest and most secluded in which to impart his secret.
"I had the greatest adventure this morning, Jacqueline!" he began. And while
she listened eagerly, petting the smooth head of her finest pigeon and
coaxing him with a little grain, Gysbert told of his swim in the canal and its
results. When he came to the part concerning the discovery of the paper, he
pulled it from his pocket and showed it to her. It was, as has been said, only a
portion of the whole writing, and commenced at the top with the completion
of some sentence begun on another piece:—
"—evidently in Belfry Lane.
"The Prince is dangerously ill
"in Rotterdam. We have
conveyed
"to him the report that Leyden
"has surrendered. While this is
"not yet true, the news will so
"discourage him that it is
"doubtful if he will recover—"
"Canst thou imagine anything more despicable than that?" exclaimed Gysbert.
"Our good Prince sickened unto death by such reports! Something must be
done about it."
"Shall thou go at once and tell Mynheer Van der Werf?" inquired his sister.
"Well, I suppose I should, but then he would only send me off at once to
deny the rumor, so I may just as well not lose the time."
"But, Gysbert, what can that mean at the first?" said Jacqueline, "'—evidently
in Belfry Lane.' Can it possibly refer to us?"
"I do not doubt that it is just what it does refer to," he replied. "He has, most
likely, found out where we live. He means mischief, I tell thee, not only to the
country but to us also, though what we have done to merit his attention, I
cannot imagine."
"Thou didst anger him, Gysbert, that day at the gate, and he has not
forgotten. But there is something else beside. What can it be? Ah, I fear harm
is coming to us!"
"Well, I for one am not going to think about that, when this other matter is so
much more important," replied Gysbert, characteristically. "This very night I
shall disguise myself as usual, and make one more trip through the camp. As
I must travel all the way to Rotterdam, I may not return for two or three
days, so thou must explain it as best thou canst to Vrouw Voorhaas. I do not
care much now what thou dost tell her, for she can do little to prevent my
getting away if I choose."
"Ah, brother, I dread to have thee go! These be evil times, and I have a
foreboding that all will not go well whilst thou art away. And yet I would not
keep thee, for 'tis more than wicked that our Prince should be so ill and so
cruelly deceived. But thou must take a pigeon with thee, and send him to me
with a message, if thou art detained over long, else I shall break my heart
with anxiety, watching for thee."
At dawn next morning Gysbert set forth in his usual disguise carrying the
pigeon "William of Orange" at the bottom of his bag of herbs. Passing out
through the gate of the Tower of Burgundy, he chose a route through a part
of the army near that of his first attempt, since that way lay nearer to the
road for Delft and Rotterdam. The usual sleeping camp lay all about him. The
usual challenge from drowsy sentinels arrested his progress, but thanks to the
magic countersign, "Don Carlos," which he had learned from the gatekeeper,
he was no where detained. He accomplished the passage of the camp with
absolutely no molestation or exciting incident, thinking that the feat was
becoming very, very easy.
On the road to Delft he looked along the canal to see if he might spy Joris
Fruytiers and his bulky craft. But the canal was deserted, and he was obliged
to make up his mind that his own two feet must carry him most of the way.
As he trudged along, he could not but notice the exceeding muddiness of the
road, and the farther he proceeded, the worse did it become, till at length he
found himself plowing through a veritable bog.
"This is singular!" was his first thought, and then, "Why, no it isn't either! This
is the result of the broken down dykes. How strange that I did not think of it
at first!" And the worse it became, the more it pleased him, since it might
mean ultimate relief and victory to the city. Finally he found himself wading
through several inches of water, and he took infinite, boyish delight in
slopping through its muddy depths, splashing the drops from side to side as
he walked. In due time he reached Delft, and stopped to get a hearty meal at
a baker's shop, with a few coins he had in his pocket. Thus refreshed and
rested, he continued on his way.
Darkness at length overtook him, and abandoning all hope of reaching
Rotterdam that night, he crept into a farmer's barn, and in the hayloft slept
the sleep of healthy weariness, till the first streaks of dawn tinted the horizon.
Trudging on his road again, without either a breakfast or the prospect of one,
it was noon before he reached the goal of his desire, Rotterdam, where lay ill
and despairing the idol of his boyish dreams, William, Prince of Orange-
Nassau.
Gysbert had never been in Rotterdam, consequently he was compelled to
inquire his way frequently. Ascertaining that the Prince was then stopping at a
house on the Hoog Straat, and being directed to that thoroughfare, he was
not long in arriving at his destination. It was a much smaller establishment
than the palace of the Prinsenhof in Delft, and to the boy's astonishment
there seemed to be absolutely no one about the premises. The large front
entrance was not locked, and having knocked in vain for many minutes, he
pushed open the door and entered.
Nothing greeted him but deserted halls and rooms. He lingered about in the
corridors for a while, hoping that someone might come in. Then his attention
became attracted by occasional groans and muttered ejaculations from the
room above. Fearing that someone, possibly the Prince himself, might be in
trouble, he decided to go up and see if he might render any assistance. He
crept up softly, and guided by the sounds, reached an open doorway and
peeped in.
Tossing and moaning on a bed, lay the gaunt form of a man. One glance
sufficed to convince Gysbert that it was William of Orange, and that he was
desperately ill. Why the great head of his country should be thus deserted by
every one of his attendants in his trouble, was more than Gysbert could
fathom. A natural hesitancy, however, kept him from intruding on the privacy
of the sick man's bedroom, and he stood outside for a time, watching and
wondering if there were anything he might do.
The Prince lay in a huge, four-post bed, raised on a sort of dias or platform.
At his feet on the coverlet sat a little brown and white spaniel, who whined
plaintively as if in answer to his master's groans. When Gysbert appeared in
the doorway, the animal sprang up barking furiously, and tried to wake his
master. But the Prince was at the time in a sort of stupor, and paid no heed to
the animal's cries. The dog soon perceived that the intruder attempted no
harm, and settled himself in his former post.
Gysbert knew well why the Prince was attended by this faithful beast. Two
years before at the siege of Mons, he had been surprised one night while
asleep in his tent, by a party of Spaniards who had planned to capture him. A
little spaniel who slept in his quarters sprang up barking and scratching his
hands. The Prince thus wakened found time to escape, but had it not been
for the faithful little animal, the Netherlands would have lost their strongest
protector. For the rest of his life, the Prince was never without a spaniel of the
same breed who slept nightly in his room.
Gysbert had ample time to note what manner of man was this his idol. His
forehead was high, noble, and marked with many lines of care. The
expression of his face, even racked with burning fever, was of a tender, strong
and fatherly benignity. Near by lay his armor and sword, on the hilt of which
was carved in Latin his chosen motto:—
"Sævis tranquillus in undis!"
("Tranquil amid raging billows!")
No language could have better expressed the quiet firmness and unshaken
courage of this wonderful nobleman, even in the most harrowing and adverse
circumstances.
The sick man was gradually emerging from unconsciousness. His eyes opened
widely but unseeingly, and he muttered in a half-delirium:
"Ah, Leyden, Leyden! Would God that I might help thee! It is not true, it
cannot be true that thou hast yielded to the enemy! Ah, my country! What
fate is now before thee, and I so helpless to render thee aid!—Tranquil,—
tranquil!—I must be tranquil amid the billows!—Oh, thou my God, help me!—"
Again unconsciousness overcame him, and he sank into another stupor.
Gysbert's heart ached with pity and the wild desire to tell him that his fears
were groundless. "When he next wakes," thought the boy, "I will go in and
tell him how false is this report he has heard." Presently the Prince exhibited
signs of returning consciousness, but he seemed weaker, and could only
murmur:
"Leyden!—Leyden!—Tranquil—" Then Gysbert with trembling knees and
quaking heart, entered the door and walked up to the bed. At first the Prince
did not see him, but soon the renewed barking of his spaniel attracted his
attention to the curious little figure standing by the bedside.
"Who art thou?" he queried feebly.
"Mynheer Prince," faltered Gysbert, "I am only a boy from Leyden, but I have
come to tell you that it is not true,—what you have been told concerning the
city's surrender. Leyden still holds out and will so continue till its last defender
is slain!" The dullness of fever in the sick man's eyes gave place to an actual
sparkle.
"Leyden still safe!" he exclaimed. "Then have I surely been deceived. Oh, God
be praised that He has answered my prayer! But tell me, brave little fellow,
how camest thou to know what only one of my confidential servants has
whispered to me, and how camest thou all this way to undeceive me?
Methinks too, thou hast assumed something of a disguise." Then Gysbert told
him the circumstances of the finding of the paper, and much about Dirk
Willumhoog. From this the Prince beguiled him into telling about how he had
made expeditions with messages through the Spanish army, and how his
sister was helping care for the sick and plague-stricken in Leyden, and many
details about the condition of the city. When he had finished he was
emboldened to ask the Prince how it was that the house had no attendants,
especially when he lay so ill.
"Truly it must seem strange!" answered William the Silent. "I have the kindest
of servants, and the best medical attendance, but it so happens that I have
sent all off this morning on errands of the greatest importance. When this
traitor, this Joachim Hansleer, returns I will discharge him straightway for a
lying villain who thinks to kill me by his deception. He has been whispering to
me this past week, that Leyden had surrendered but that the rest were afraid
to tell me!"
"If the great Prince would forgive me for saying it," replied Gysbert, "I would
suggest that he be locked up in close confinement instead, else he will join
his companion, Dirk Willumhoog, and plot more wickedness!"
"True, true!" exclaimed the Prince, laughing for the first time in weeks. "Thou
art a clever lad to have thought of it. And now tell me thy name. I shall not
forget thee." When Gysbert had told him, he held out his hand:
"Take these ten florins and buy thyself all the food thou canst carry back with
thee. Be sure to tell Van der Werf to guard that opening in the wall well, and
arrest Dirk Willumhoog if he enters again. Tell him also that help is very near,
and pray God for a west wind. My grateful thanks go with thee! Already I feel
the fever abated, and new life surging through me. Farewell!" Gysbert knelt
to kiss the hand of his hero, and then sped away light of heel and glad of
heart at the successful outcome of his errand.
And when, a few moments later, the Receiver-General of Holland, Cornelius
Van Meirop, ascended to the bed-chamber to visit his Prince, he marvelled at
the great change for the better that had suddenly taken place in the condition
of William the Silent.
VROUW VOORHAAS'S SECRET
 CHAPTER IX
VROUW VOORHAAS'S SECRET
No sooner had Gysbert been dispatched on his journey to Rotterdam, than
Jacqueline turned her attention to preparing breakfast. Much to her
astonishment, Vrouw Voorhaas was not yet up and about, but she concluded
that the woman was wearied out with hard work and anxiety, and was taking
an extra, involuntary nap.
The most careful search in the larder revealed nothing that under ordinary
circumstances would be considered in the least palatable. Jacqueline
remembered two pigeons' eggs that had been laid the day before, and
determined that they must go toward furnishing the breakfast-table. These,
with some very thin gruel of pigeon grain completed the arrangements.
Wondering that Vrouw Voorhaas had not yet appeared, and fearing lest
something were the matter, she decided to go up and investigate the cause of
this unusual state of affairs. At the door of the bedroom she paused, horror-
struck at the sound of a curious muttering and groaning now grown terribly
familiar to her ears. Then she opened the door. Her worst suspicions were
verified—Vrouw Voorhaas had the plague!
The woman lay tossing and moaning, utterly unconscious of anything about
her, muttering strange, incoherent sentences in her delirium. Amazed and
shocked at what she heard, Jacqueline stood rooted to the spot listening.
"I will not eat it!—I must not eat it!—" cried the unconscious woman, "—It is
for the children!—Oh, God, how I hunger!—" Then in a lower tone:—"Dirk
Willumhoog thou shalt not harm them as thou didst endeavor to harm—"
Here she appeared to fall into a restless sleep, and for a few moments her
tossing form lay quiet; Jacqueline buried her face in her hands and wept with
sheer bitterness and despair.
"Oh, Vrouw Voorhaas, Vrouw Voorhaas!—now I know what doth ail thee!" she
sobbed aloud. "Thou hast starved thyself for our sakes, thou didst deceive us
into thinking thou wast satisfied with a little, and now thou art reaping the
results of thy sacrifice!" The realization that this faithful servant had brought
herself to this pass by her own self-denial, occupied Jacqueline's mind to the
exclusion of every other thought. "How wicked and ungrateful I have been,"
she blamed herself, "going out to nurse other people, when starvation and
illness lay waiting right at my own door, and I never guessed! Oh, if Gysbert
were only here!"
Then the necessity for doing something, and that speedily, forced itself upon
her. Deciding that she could leave the sick woman more easily now than later,
she ran out at once to find Dr. de Witt. He accompanied her without an
instant's delay. When he reached the sick room he gave one keen glance at
his patient, and then set about his work of relief, Jacqueline assisting him with
the intelligence and skill perfected by much practice.
"Now," said he finally, "thou must make up thy mind, Juffrouw Jacqueline, to
one thing. For the present thou must give up all thought of going on thy daily
round with me, and devote thyself to the care of this thy companion. Her
case is more critical than usual, having been brought on, I judge, by
systematic starvation."
"But Jan!—" faltered the girl. "He is still very weak and needs my care."
"Let him come here and stay," ordered the doctor. "I will myself fetch him this
afternoon, and thus thou wilt have both thy patients under thine eye. He also
may be able to help thee a little. Where is thy brother?"
"He has gone out of the city on an errand of importance. I do not expect him
back for two or three days," she answered.
"Well, keep him out of the sick room when he returns. 'Tis best for him not to
be exposed to the disease. Now I must be going on my usual way. I shall
miss thy helpful presence much, Juffrouw Jacqueline. Ah, but times are sore
in this wretched city!" As he turned to go, Vrouw Voorhaas roused herself and
began muttering anew:
"Louvain?—Louvain?—Yes, from there we came, but what is that to thee!—"
The doctor started, and walked back toward his patient.
"She hath been raving much without sense!" remarked Jacqueline hastily. "I
fear her mind is all unhinged!" But Dr. de Witt continued to scrutinize sharply
the features of the sick woman.
"Didst thou really come from Louvain?" he asked Jacqueline at length.
"Yes," faltered the girl, "many years ago."
"What is the name of this woman?" the doctor continued to question. As
Jacqueline told him, a great light appeared to break in on his mind.
"Ah, ah!" he exclaimed. "I see it all! It is as clear as day to me now! That
resemblance in thee I was sure I should place sometime. Is not thy name
Cornellisen, and was not thy father the famous doctor-professor in the
University?"
"Aye!" answered Jacqueline in fear and trembling, "Thou hast guessed aright,
but tell no one, I pray thee!"
"I knew it! I felt it!" continued the doctor. "And yet I could not make the
memory a connected one, till now. I was a student about to graduate from
the University, and thy father was my great admiration and example. I saw
Vrouw Voorhaas once on visiting his home, but never his children, hence I did
not recognize thee. It was sad—sad, thy father's end, and I grieved over it
many a long day! It was his great devotion to the young Count de Buren who
was under his special care, that brought him to his death. Dost thou know all
about it?"
"I know only what Vrouw Voorhaas has told me, of his being captured and
killed by the cruel Duke of Alva," answered Jacqueline.
"Then I can tell thee more, and I will some time. Right glad I am that it has
fallen to my lot to help and befriend thee, for so I can render service to thy
dead father who was always more than kind to me."
All the morning Jacqueline sat by the sick woman's bedside, moistening her
parched lips with water, cooling her feverish brow with refreshing compresses,
and tending to every unspoken want with a devotion born of love and
remorse. At no time did Vrouw Voorhaas become sane and conscious of her
surroundings, and her feverish delirium increased as the day wore on. It
wrung the girl's tender heart to hear her cry out against the pangs of hunger
and imagine that she must continually deny herself for the children's sake.
Little by little the history of all the past weeks of suffering was revealed to the
watching girl, and she realized that what she had supposed to be a sufficient
supply of provisions for all, had only been rendered enough for herself and
Gysbert by the cruel deprivation of this faithful woman. But other chance
ejaculations were more mystifying, and served to arouse in Jacqueline an
intense, terrified curiosity as to what might be this long kept secret that so
troubled the soul of Vrouw Voorhaas. Once she was electrified by hearing the
sick woman hiss:
"How didst thou get in the city, Dirk Willumhoog?—No, go away! Thou canst
draw nothing from me!—I will not tell thee, I say!—Thou dare not touch one
hair of their heads!—Nay, I will not tell thee!—Keep thy gold!—What do I care
for all the wealth of the Indies?—Their father—"
Jacqueline puzzled over it in trembling astonishment. Was it possible that Dirk
Willumhoog had been here in Belfry Lane, and interviewed Vrouw Voorhaas
while they were away somewhere? But why had she not told them of it? What
could be this dreadful mystery that the two seemed to share in common?
What harm did he plan to do them?
That afternoon Jan arrived, accompanied by Dr. de Witt. Jacqueline now had
her hands full with the two patients, but she was grateful for the
companionship of the old man. It had seemed unutterably depressing to be
shut up alone with this sick woman who was never for a moment in her right
mind, and who raved incessantly about disturbing mysteries. Two more days
passed and the conditions in Belfry Lane continued about the same. Vrouw
Voorhaas did not improve, except that she had less delirium, and Jacqueline
was worried almost out of her senses because Gysbert had not yet appeared.
Nothing could convince her that all was well with him, and she kept constant
watch for the carrier pigeon to bring some news.
Running up to the cote on the fourth day, she found to her joy, "William of
Orange" strutting about among the two or three other birds. A note was
fastened about his leg, and Jacqueline unfastened it with trembling, eager
fingers. To her surprise it was addressed not to her but to Vrouw Voorhaas,
and was in a strange handwriting. With a great throb of terror, she opened it
and read these words:—

"Vrouw Voorhaas,"
"Fortune has at last turned in my favor. The boy is now in my possession,
and before long the girl will be also. I snap my fingers in thy face!"

"
Dirk Willumhoog."
THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA
 CHAPTER X
THE BEGGARS OF THE SEA
"Vrouw Voorhaas is decidedly better to-day, Juffrouw Jacqueline," remarked
Dr. Pieter de Witt as he left the bedside of the sick woman. "She is really
coming out of this illness very well, thanks to thy careful nursing and our
good Jan's assistance."
"Is it so indeed!" answered Jacqueline listlessly, striving to force herself to
some show of enthusiasm. "Then am I right glad, for I have done my best,
and thou hast been devotion itself, Dr. de Witt. Oh! if only—" She turned away
her head to hide the tears that would come, and a sob stopped her further
utterance. The good doctor understood, and busied himself over his patient
till the girl had regained her self-control.
"If I mistake not," he ventured at length, "she will probably be quite herself
to-day, having regained consciousness several times lately. It would be well,
should she recover sufficiently to ask after thy brother, not to allow her to
think he has come to harm. A shock like that would thrust her lower than she
has yet been."
"But what shall we say?" faltered Jacqueline. "I must not tell an untruth."
"Wouldst thou tell her the broad, brutal facts, and thereby cause her death?"
demanded the doctor sternly. "Nay, it is only necessary to say that since she
had been suffering with the plague, it was deemed wisest to send him away
for a time, lest he contract the disease. She will be satisfied with that for the
present." Jacqueline acquiesced in this, and the two went downstairs to
acquaint Jan Van Buskirk with the news of the improvement in Vrouw
Voorhaas's condition. Jan was sitting in the sunny, immaculate kitchen reading
his big Bible, one of the few possessions he had brought with him to Belfry
Lane. He was as pleased as the others with the good report.
"Listen to this!" he remarked. "I've just been reading it in the Good Book. I
think the Lord must have had the siege of Leyden in mind when He caused
this to be written—'Surely He shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler
and from the noisome pestilence!'—Isn't that just what happened to Vrouw
Voorhaas and myself! I call it nothing less than miraculous! And here's some
more!—'Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night, nor for the arrow that
flieth by day'—Doesn't that just describe the Spanish army out beyond!—'nor
for the pestilence that walketh in darkness'—that's the plague—'nor for the
destruction that wasteth at noonday.'—That's starvation!
"'A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand, but it
shall not come nigh thee!' Haven't more than five thousand died of starvation
and the pestilence here already, and we are yet spared!"
"True, true!" murmured Jacqueline, "but Gysbert!—" Now there was an
unspoken but well-understood conspiracy between the doctor and Jan to keep
up the spirits of the despairing girl on this painful subject.
"Thou didst not let me read far enough, Jacqueline," the old man hastened to
add. "Only listen! Here is another Psalm that I was reading this morning. It
should be a great help to thee:—'The Lord is my light and my salvation;
whom shall I fear? The Lord is the strength of my life; of whom shall I be
afraid?
"'When the wicked, even mine enemies came upon me to eat up my flesh,
they stumbled and fell. Though an host should encamp against me my heart
shall not fear. Though war should rise against me, in this will I be confident.
"'Teach me thy way, O Lord, and lead me in a plain path because of mine
enemies. Wait on the Lord; be of good courage and He shall strengthen thine
heart. Wait, I say, on the Lord!'"
"What thou hast read does truly give me new courage," said Jacqueline.
"Thanks, Jan! Thou art indeed a help and a comfort. And now I will go up to
the dove-cote to see if perchance a pigeon has come with some message for
the burgomaster."
A week had passed since the disappearance of the boy, and not a sign or a
token had come to the anxious watchers in Belfry Lane, to indicate his
whereabouts or his fate. After the first shock caused by Dirk's message,
Jacqueline had gone straight to Adrian Van der Werf and explained the
situation, imploring him to assist in trying to find and rescue her brother. The
burgomaster was deeply distressed at the misfortune that had come to his
little "jumper," and was much mystified as to the cause of this continued
persecution of two innocent children by an unknown man.
But as to offering any assistance, that he told Jacqueline was quite beyond
his power. Already concern for the famishing, besieged city, and despair at its
vanishing hopes of relief had driven him almost beyond his senses with
anxiety. It was now not only impossible, but would be also quite fruitless for
him to send men outside the walls to search for Gysbert, as they would
probably be killed on sight by the ferocious Spaniards. He advised Jacqueline
to wait quietly for further developments, and gave it as his opinion that
Gysbert had not been killed, but was probably being kept alive for some yet
unknown purpose. But little encouraged by this interview, Jacqueline crept
home to endure silent but unending misery. For she was too proud to be seen
by the others constantly grieving, and moreover, she blamed herself bitterly
for ever allowing her brother to undertake such a hazardous enterprise.
Ascending to the pigeon-loft that morning, she found a returned messenger
strutting about among the remaining birds. He bore a note wrapped round his
leg, addressed to Adrian Van der Werf. Jacqueline made all haste to carry this
to the statehouse, for it now devolved upon her to be the bearer of these
messages when they arrived. The burgomaster welcomed her kindly:
"Good-morning, Juffrouw Jacqueline! Hast heard any news from thy brother
yet?"
"Nay," answered the girl shaking her head sadly. "But I have here another
message for you, Mynheer Van der Werf. It has but just come by a pigeon."
"Thanks, thanks!" he said, opening it eagerly. Then with sparkling eyes he
cried:
"Ah, this is excellent, excellent news! Admiral Boisot with his fleet manned by
the Beggars of the Sea, has arrived out of Zeeland, and is already entering
the Rhine over the broken dykes. He cannot be ten miles from the city! Praise
God, praise God!" He turned to Jacqueline for an answering enthusiasm, but
found to his surprise that the poor girl had fainted away in the chair where
she sat, evidently from sheer hunger and fatigue. Van der Werf hastened to a
closet, took out a bottle, and forced some cordial between her set teeth. As
he chafed her cold hands he murmured:
"Poor, poor little girl! Thou hast borne thy share of this cursed trouble nobly
and well—that I know from De Witt himself. Thou shalt have every comfort
and help that I can render thee!" Jacqueline soon returned to consciousness,
but the burgomaster would not yet allow her to leave, and insisted that she
drink another glass of the revivifying cordial. When she was quite herself
again, he sent her back to Belfry Lane with a large basket of food from his
own larder, which he had despatched a soldier to procure.
"It is not much," he apologized, "for we are hard put to it ourselves for
sustenance now. But it is at least something I can do for so faithful a helper.
See that thou dost not stint thyself in thy distribution of it!" he ended
laughing.
When she had gone, Van der Werf hastened to despatch a town-crier to
spread the good news, and himself made all speed to Hengist Hill to observe
the position of the fleet. The day was clear, and the flotilla lay in plain sight,
not far beyond the Land-scheiding—a motley array of more than two hundred
vessels of every conceivable shape and size. The largest, an enormous craft
with shot-proof bulwarks and moved by huge paddle wheels turned by a
crank, was called the "Ark of Delft." It served as the flag-ship for Admiral
Boisot, and was renowned for being the leader in every battle. Each ship
carried from eight to ten cannon, and the whole fleet was manned by twenty-
five hundred wild and battle-scarred veterans, the bravest and fiercest in the
land.
They called themselves the "Beggars of the Sea," a name they had assumed
since a time at first, when the scornful Spanish soldiery had mocked them.
"Who is afraid of you! You are nothing but a pack of beggars!" scoffed the
Spaniards. "Very well!" replied the hot-headed Zeelanders. "Ye shall see how
beggars can fight!" And truly they made a ferocious crew, as the Spanish
found later, to their surprise and dismay. They neither gave nor took quarter,
for theirs was a battle to the death, and woe to the luckless Spaniard who fell
within their power! "Long live the Beggars!" was their rallying cry, and "Long
live the Beggars!" now echoed in shout upon shout from Hengist Hill, by the
crowds that had followed the burgomaster to the summit. Hope was once
more restored, and Leyden gathered herself together and drew a long breath
of renewed courage.
But before the consummation of this hope there was much to be done, and
many battles to fight. The Land-scheiding lay before the fleet guarded by
Spanish troops, and all about, the villages and fortresses were in the hands of
the same enemy. On the night of September tenth, the city was startled by
loud cannonading to the southwest, and the sky grew lurid with the flames of
burning farmhouses and villages. Boisot had made the first bold move.
Finding that the great dyke was but insufficiently guarded, he attacked it in
the dead of night, at the same time setting fire to and ruining several
adjacent strongholds of the enemy.
When morning dawned he was in possession of the coveted Land-scheiding,
without the loss of a single man. The discomfited Spaniards had but too late
discovered their mistake in underestimating the courage of their assailants. A
dove flew in on the morning of the eleventh, sent by Boisot, telling of the
victory. Jacqueline carried it to the statehouse with the first feeling of
enthusiasm she had experienced in many a long day. Perhaps the city really
would be relieved, and perhaps Gysbert might be restored to them after all!
JACQUELINE RESPONDS TO AN URGENT
SUMMONS
 CHAPTER XI
JACQUELINE RESPONDS TO AN URGENT SUMMONS
Since the great dyke had been pierced an entire week had elapsed. Stout-
hearted Admiral Boisot had expected to find the Land-scheiding the only
barrier between his fleet and the city. But no sooner had this been passed
than he discovered to his surprise and disgust that several more dykes and
fortresses stood between himself and the goal. Three-quarters of a mile
farther on was the "Green-way," another long dyke rising a foot above the
water. But the Spaniards had not yet sufficiently learned their lesson, and this
barrier also was very scantily guarded.
With his usual promptness and audacity, Boisot carried this situation, set his
men to levelling the dyke, and the fleet passed through triumphantly. But
again he was doomed to disappointment. Beyond the "Green-way" stretched
a large shallow lake called "Freshwater Mere" through which there was but
one passage, a deep canal. As fortune would have it, however, this canal led
directly under a bridge that was in possession of the Spaniards. This time the
enemy had looked well to its defences, and a few skirmishes soon convinced
Boisot that the foe had the advantage of him. So he prudently drew off and
waited.
Only two and a half miles from the beleaguered city lay the rescuing fleet
stranded in shallow water, unable to progress an inch. The east wind blew
steadily, the waters decreased and the Spaniards laughed in their faces.
Within the city reigned a despair all the blacker for the brief illumination of
hope that had now died. But God had not yet forsaken the cause of the right.
On the eighteenth of September the wind changed, a great gale raged for
three days out of the northwest, the waters rose rapidly, and the vessels were
again afloat. Fortunately too, from some fugitives from one of the villages,
who had come aboard, Boisot learned of another course he could pursue, a
little roundabout indeed, but having the advantage of avoiding the terrible,
guarded bridge. He lost no time in availing himself of this, and the amazed
Spaniards at the village of Nord Aa suddenly beheld this fear-inspiring flotilla
bearing down upon them from an entirely unexpected direction. They fled
precipitately, not even stopping to gather up their possessions, to the strongly
fortified village of Zoeterwoude, only a mile and three-quarters from the city.
A little beyond Nord Aa, Boisot encountered the last dyke, the "Kirk-way." This
he promptly levelled, but the wind had again changed, the water fell to the
depth of only nine inches, and the fleet lay once more helpless in its shallows.
Day by day passed and nothing occurred to alter the monotony of this
inaction. But one circumstance took place which filled the Sea Beggars with
renewed courage and inspired universal joy. The Prince of Orange, now
recovered sufficiently from his long illness to be about, came on board the
"Ark of Delft," to grasp the hand of the doughty Admiral. From thence he
made a triumphal tour of all the vessels, instilling into every heart fresh
courage, cheering, advising and directing. He looked pale and worn after his
illness, and his devoted veterans, even these fierce Sea Beggars, were ready
to fall at his feet and obey his lightest command. After a long and serious
conference with Boisot, he returned to Delft.
Meanwhile, what of Jacqueline, upon the messages borne by whose carrier
pigeons the whole city hung with breathless expectation? Since the passing of
the Land-scheiding she had continued to carry constant messages to Van der
Werf, for every time the Admiral gained a new advantage, he hastened to
despatch another pigeon, for the encouragement of Leyden. Everyone who
was not too weak with hunger to walk, haunted the summit of Hengist Hill to
watch the advance of the rescuers. It filled their hearts with new courage to
note how small a space the besieging army was now forced to occupy,—only
a ring little more than a mile wide all about the city, with the threatening
ocean and a crew of desperate Sea Beggars on one side, and the hunger-
maddened populace of Leyden in the center. The situation was certainly
becoming a trifle embarrassing for the Spanish army!
Jacqueline occasionally went to Hengist Hill with Jan, who was now able to
get about quite briskly. Dr. de Witt insisted that she must get out and take
fresh air and exercise, and he was always willing to sit with Vrouw Voorhaas
while she was away. They never allowed the girl to go far alone, for all yet
feared the threat of Dirk Willumhoog to entrap her as well as her brother, and
took care that she was well guarded. Vrouw Voorhaas had also made decided
improvement but was yet unable to leave her bed. The excessive weakness
caused by her long self-denial and its consequences, seemed almost
impossible to overcome. Her constant inquiries about Gysbert too, were
becoming more and more difficult to answer, though they still kept up the
fiction that he was quartered with Dr. de Witt during her illness. Sometimes it
seemed as though she watched them all with hidden suspicion, and once she
even murmured:
"I fear he is not safe! Something tells me he is in danger!" On the night when
the fleet reached Nord Aa a pigeon flew in bearing the tidings. Jacqueline
found him, for she was constantly on the watch for messages, but since it
was nearly nine o'clock, it was deemed best that Jan should carry the word to
the burgomaster. The doctor had just left not five minutes before, and Jan
hobbled off to execute his mission leaving Jacqueline with Vrouw Voorhaas.
The girl sat reading by the sick bed, casting an occasional glance at her
patient who was sound asleep. Presently, thinking she heard a knock at the
door, she closed her book and hurried downstairs.
"'Tis early for Jan to be back," she thought. "He has but just left, and I know
he will want to stay and chat awhile with Mynheer Van der Werf. Who can it
be!" Some indefinable sensation of misgiving caused her to be a little long
about opening the door. She was reassured, however, by seeing only a small
boy who thrust a note into her hand, and turning ran down the street. She
called to him to come back as there might be an answer required, but the
child apparently did not hear her, and was soon out of sight. Wonderingly she
brought the scrap of paper to the candle-light and read its contents.

"Juffrouw Jacqueline, (it ran):—

"If thou wouldst hear news of thy brother, and dost also desire a chance
to rescue him, I beg thee to come to the end of the Wirtemstrasse at
once. Do not waste a moment, for the opportunity is but brief. The
messenger there can only wait fifteen minutes. Thy brother sends his
love.

"
One who is thy friend."
Jacqueline flushed with joy and then turned deathly pale. Hope, doubt and
distrust reigned equally in her mind. News of Gysbert!—a chance to rescue
him!—she would go to the end of the world for that! But why had not the
writer of the note signed his name? Why had the little boy who brought it run
away so quickly? Oh, if Jan or Dr. de Witt were only here to advise her! Oh, if
there were but more time! She glanced at the note again. It said—"Come
immediately. The messenger has but fifteen minutes to wait." Fifteen
minutes! One had gone already, while it would take at least ten to reach the
appointed spot. Only four minutes in which to decide! But she had been
forbidden to go out alone, especially at night. That she concluded would not
interfere if they knew that Gysbert's welfare hung upon it. The girl was on a
positive rack of torturing doubt, but the note again conquered. "Thy brother
sends his love." Gysbert was then at least alive and safe, and was thinking of
her? "One who is thy friend."—Surely, no one who wished her evil could
subscribe that signature! If it were a friend she need fear no harm. Then and
there she formed her determination to risk all and obey this summons. God
would surely watch over her!
Catching up a light wrap she opened and closed the door softly, and sped
down the dark street. The night was starless and chilly; the few people she
met were hurrying in the opposite direction to witness the conflagration at
Nord Aa from Hengist Hill. Her way lay in the direction of the city wall
between the Cow Gate and the Tower of Burgundy. It was a deserted section,
and approaching it, she recognized it as the scene of Gysbert's adventure in
the canal. A shudder of apprehension shook her but she hurried on. It was do
or die now, and nothing could have induced her to turn back.
Reaching the end of the Wirtemstrasse, she found herself at the bend of the
canal described by Gysbert. A meadow stretched out before her, and beyond
that rose a section of the grim wall of Leyden. There was not a soul in sight,
and the girl began to think that in some way she had been deceived.
Concluding, however, that she might possibly be a little ahead of time, she
leaned over the rail of the stone bridge that crossed the canal, and waited.
 Dirk Willumhoog seizes
Jacqueline
Suddenly, without a warning sound, she felt herself seized from
behind. Before she could even cry out, a bandage was clapped over
her mouth and fastened at the back of her head. Instantly another
was bound over her eyes and her hands were tied behind her in
spite of her desperate struggles. In all this time she had not caught
one glimpse of her captor, but she heard a rough voice mutter: "Ah!
—I have thee at last! I have waited long enough for a chance to find
thee unguarded by those two watchdogs!" And she knew it to be the
voice of Dirk Willumhoog!
"Now walk with me and do exactly as I tell thee, if thou dost not
wish to be knocked in the head!" the voice commanded in a low key.
In utter despair Jacqueline was forced to obey, there being obviously