Ichthyological Research

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-021-00806-5

NEWS AND COMMENTS

Annandale’s collection of freshwater fishes from Inle Lake, Myanmar,

Received: 18 November 2020 / Revised: 09 February 2021 / Accepted: 16 February 2021

Thomas Nelson Annandale (1876–1924) was an English environmental deterioration caused by water pollution and
anthropologist and zoologist who served as the superinten- the introduction of exotic species (Toke et al. 2013; Kano
dent of the Indian Museum from 1907 until the time of his et al. 2016). The specimens collected before recent envi-
death (Dover 1924; Kemp 1925). His focus was initially on ronmental changes have important value for understanding
anthropology, but after he moved to India in 1904, he began the original environment. Most of the specimens collected
studying the aquatic biota in Asian lakes. His research areas by Annandale are housed at the Zoological Survey of India
covered the Sea of Galilee in Israel, Hamun Lake in Iran, (Annandale 1918b; Menon and Yazdani 1968).
Chilika Lake and Loktak Lake in India, Inle Lake in Myan- Recently, at the Kyoto University Museum (KUM), we
mar, Songkhla Lake in Thailand, Lake Tai in China, and found a total of 12 bottles containing 33 individuals of 12
Lake Biwa in Japan. His works provide important discover- freshwater fish species collected from Inle Lake by Annan-
ies about the fauna and the origin of the lakes he researched dale, which had originally been donated by him to OHS
(e.g., Annandale 1918b, 1922). In 1915, Annandale stayed approximately 100 years ago. Here, we report a list of these
in Japan for about two months, and in order to carry out his specimens with the latest scientific names. Specimens of two
research of Lake Biwa (Annandale 1916, 1922), he spent species of catfish collected by Annandale in India, which
a great deal of time on the Otsu Hydrobiological Station are presumed to have been donated at the same time, were
(OHS), Kyoto University (one of the parent organizations also found and are included in this report. The scientific
of the current Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto Uni- names are given following Kano et al. (2016) and Fricke
versity). Later, in 1917, Annandale studied Inle Lake, which et al. (2020). Photographs of all specimens, the labels,
is an ancient lake in Myanmar. The biota of Inle Lake was the original bottles, and 3D data of the selected specimen
first fully explored by Annandale, where he discovered and (Cyprinus intha) are registered in the ffish.asia (https://​ffish.​
described seven endemic species and subspecies (Annandale asia) biodiversity database on freshwater fish and freshwater
1918b). organisms in Asia (Watanabe et al. 2010; Kano et al. 2013).
Inle Lake has a unique geological history and rich biodi- The ID of “InleAnnandale” was tagged to these data (https://​
versity (Abell et al. 2008; UNDP 2015; Kano et al. 2016), ffish.​asia/​InleA​nnand​ale).
and several new species have been described in the sur- The specimens that had originally been deposited in the
rounding areas, even in recent years (e.g., Roberts 2007; fish collections of OHS were transferred to KUM in 2001
Nishikawa et al. 2014). In the last few decades, popula- (Kai 2015). The specimens have been stored by species in 12
tions of native fishes in Inle Lake have decreased due to bottles. Details of the specimens are as follows: Cyprinidae,
22 individuals of 7 species; Nemacheilidae, 7 individuals of
2 species; Cobitidae, 2 individuals of 1 species; Channidae,
* Yusuke Fuke 1 individual of 1 species; and Notopteridae, 1 individual
[email protected]
of 1 species (Fig. 1; Table 1). Although the original label
1
Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Graduate School of Science, and OHS label of Barbus stedmanensis Annandale 1918b
Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa‑oiwakecho, Sakyo, [unneeded replacement name for Barbus compressus Bou-
Kyoto 606‑8502, Japan lenger 1893; valid as Systomus compressiformis (Cockerell
2
The Kyoto University Museum, Yoshida‑honmachi, Sakyo, 1913)] remain with the FAKU-P225 bottle, the specimen
Kyoto 606‑8501, Japan could not be found and has probably been lost.
3
Institute of Decision Science for Sustainable Society, Kyushu
University, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819‑0395, Japan

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 Y. Fuke et al.

Fig. 1  Specimens of freshwater fishes in Inle Lake that were donated Gymnostomus horai (Bănărescu 1986) (FAKU-P1169), g Channa
to the Otsu Hydrobiological Station by Dr. N. Annandale and are harcourtbutleri (Annandale 1918b) (FAKU-P1170), h Petruichthys
housed in the Kyoto University Museum. a Notopterus notopterus brevis (Boulenger 1893) (FAKU-P1171), i Systomus sp. cf. rubripin-
(Pallas 1769) (FAKU-P225), b Inlecypris auropurpureus (Annan- nis (FAKU-P1172), j Microrasbora rubescens Annandale 1918b
dale 1918b) (FAKU-P1163), c Cyprinus intha Annandale 1918b (FAKU-P1173), k Sawbwa resplendens Annandale 1918b (FAKU-
(FAKU-P1165), d Garra gravelyi (Annandale 1919) (FAKU-P1166), P1174), l Lepidocephalichthys berdmorei (Blyth 1860) (FAKU-
e Physoschistura brunneana (Annandale 1918b) (FAKU-P1168), f P1175). Scale bar 20 mm

Of these 13 species, six species, Ophiocephalus harcourt- this subspecies, since no types were explicitly designated in
butleri (valid as Channa harcourtbutleri), Cyprinus carpio Annandale (1918b). One specimen of Cy. intha maintained
intha (valid as Cyprinus intha), Barilius auropurpureus at KUM could be considered as one of the syntypes, because
(valid as Inlecypris auropurpureus), Microrasbora rube- the letters “Co-type” are written on the label and the speci-
scens, Nemachilus brunneanus (valid as Physoschistura men ledger (ICZN 1999: Arts. 72.4, 73.2). This specimen
brunneana), and Sawbwa resplendens were originally was labeled with the specimen number before donation, and
described by Annandale (1918b). Of these, for the four spe- although the second digit is blurred and illegible, the other
cies, I. auropurpureus, P. brunneana, Ch. harcourtbutleri, letters match the specimen number of the syntype ZSI F
and M. rubescens, the KUM specimens may be a part of 9367/1, and the collection site is the same as ZSI F 9367/1
their paratypes, since Annandale only designated the holo- (He-Ho).
types in the original description (Annandale 1918b; Kottelat Physoschistura brunneana was originally described
1990; ICZN 1999: Art. 72; Fricke et al. 2020). For Cy. c. by Annandale (1918b), but Hora (1929) pointed out that
intha, Menon and Yazdani (1968) treated two lots of speci- Annandale (1918b) had confused it with a closely related
mens [ZSI F 9366/1 from Inle Lake (11 individuals) and F species, Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora 1929), which
9367/1 from He-Ho plain (9 individuals)] as syntypes of occurs sympatrically with P. brunneana and was described

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Annandale’s fish at Kyoto University Museum

Table 1  List of specimens of freshwater fishes in Inle Lake that were donated to the Otsu Hydrobiological Station by Dr. N. Annandale and are
housed in the Kyoto University Museum
Specimen ID (FAKU/ Number of Family Species Species on original label Locality
OHS/original) individuals

–/–/Ex. F 9415/1 0 Cyprinidae Systomus compressiformis Barbus stedmanensis Fort Stedman, Inle Lake, S.
(Cockerell 1913) (Boulenger) Shan States
FAKU-P225/P225/– 1 Notopteridae Notopterus notopterus Notopterus kapirat (Pal- Inle Lake, S. Shan States
(Pallas 1769) las)
FAKU-P1163/P1163/– 3 Cyprinidae Inlecypris auropurpureus Barilius auropurpureus Inle Lake, S. Shan States
(Annandale 1918b) Annandale
FAKU-P1164/P1164/– 1 Sisoridae Pseudecheneis sulcata Pseudecheneis sulcatus India
(McClelland 1842) McClell
FAKU-P1165/P1165/Ex. 1 Cyprinidae Cyprinus intha Annandale Cyprinus carpio intha He-Ho, S. Shan States
F 9367/1 1918b Annandale
FAKU-P1166/P1166/Ex. 1 Cyprinidae Garra gravelyi (Annandale Discognathus lamta (Ham. Fort Stedman, Inle Lake, S.
F 9423/1 1919) Buch.) Shan States
FAKU-P1167/P1167/– 1 Sisoridae Glyptothorax striatus Glyptosternum striatum India
(McClelland 1842) McClell
FAKU-P1168/P1168/– 5 Nemacheilidae Physoschistura brunneana Nemachilus brunneanus Yawnghwe, S. Shan States
(Annandale 1918b) Annandale
FAKU-P1169/P1169/Ex. 6 Cyprinidae Gymnostomus horai Cirrhina latia (Ham. Yawnghwe, S. Shan States
F 9383/1 (Bănărescu 1986) Buch.)
FAKU-P1170/P1170/– 1 Channidae Channa harcourtbutleri Ophiocephalus harcourt- He-Ho, S. Shan States
(Annandale 1918b) butleri Annandale
FAKU-P1171/P1171/– 2 Nemacheilidae Petruichthys brevis (Bou- Nemachilus brevis Bou- Inle Lake, S. Shan States
lenger 1893) lenger
FAKU-P1172/P1172/Ex. 2 Cyprinidae Systomus sp. cf. rubripin- Barbus sarana caudimar­ Yawnghwe, S. Shan States
F 9379/1 nis ginatus Blyth
FAKU-P1173/P1173/Ex. 7 Cyprinidae Microrasbora rubescens Microrasbora rubescens Inle Lake, S. Shan States
F 9419/1 Annandale 1918b Annandale
FAKU-P1174/P1174/Ex. 2 Cyprinidae Sawbwa resplendens Sawbwa resplendens Fort Stedman and Lin Kin,
F 9427/1 Annandale 1918b Annandale middle of Inle Lake, S.
Shan States
FAKU-P1175/P1175/Ex. 2 Cobitidae Lepidocephalichthys berd- Lepidocephalus berdmorei Small stream about 1 mile
F 9388/1 morei (Blyth 1860) (Blyth) from edge of Inle Lake, S.
Shan States

later. So, the present specimens of “P. brunneana” could 1842), were not obtained from Inle Lake but were also
contain two species; however, the specimens unfortunately donated by Annandale. The only information on these two
dried up and could not be identified by morphological exam- specimens is their scientific names and their locality, “India”
ination (Fig. 1e). (Table 1). These two species are known to be distributed
The specimen of Garra gravelyi (Annandale 1919) was in Bangladesh and India, respectively (Ng 2006; Ng and
labeled as Discognathus lamta (Hamilton 1822). Speci- Lalramliana 2013).
mens of this species collected from Inle Lake and He-Ho The labels and ledger of the specimens donated by
plain were tentatively identified as D. lamta in Annandale Annandale contain the scientific name, local name, collec-
(1918b). Then, in the following year, the tentative D. lamta tor name, and locality (Electronic supplementary materials
specimens were compared with several related species, Table S1), but they do not contain the date of collection.
including D. lamta from distant site in Shan States and India, In addition, there is a description in the ledger indicating
and were then formally described by Annandale (1919) as that it was donated by Annandale, but there is no record of
Discognathus gravelyi. It is assumed that these specimens when it was donated. The survey of Inle Lake was carried
were donated before the publication of Annandale (1919), out from February to March in 1917, and the reports were
because the specimen of this species was labeled as D. lamta published in 1918 (Annandale 1918a, 1918b). Because the
(Table 1; also see below). specimens deposited in KUM contain those probably used
Two sisorid catfish species, Pseudecheneis sulcata by Annandale (1918b) (at least Cy. intha), it can be deduced
(McClelland 1842) and Glyptothorax striatus (McClelland that they were collected by Annandale in 1917. In addition,

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 Y. Fuke et al.

these specimens are inferred to have been donated by 1919, Boulenger GA (1893) List of the fishes collected by Mr. E. W. Oates
because G. gravelyi, which was described in 1919, was in the southern Shan States, and presented by him to the British
Museum. Ann Mag Nat Hist 12:198–203
labeled as D. lamta in the original ledger. Since Annandale Cockerell TDA (1913) Observations on fish scales. Bull Bur Fish
could not make his second visit to Japan after 1915 (Ueno 32:117–174, pls 32–40
1925), the specimens would have been donated by sea mail. Dover C (1924) Dr. Nelson Annandale, C.I.E. Nature 113:615
There is no record that Annandale shipped the specimens Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, van der Laan R (2020) Eschmeyer’s cata-
log of fishes: genera, species, references. Electronic version,
from India to Japan. However, such shipping of specimens updated 7 December 2020. http://​resea​rchar​chive.​calac​ademy.​
was possible at that time, because there is a record that org/​resea​rch/​ichth​yology/​catal​og/​fishc​atmain.​asp. Accessed 8
Annandale shipped his collection of Lake Biwa specimens December 2020
from Kobe, Japan, to India in 1915 (Annandale 1916). Hamilton F (1822) An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges
and its branches. Archibald Constable and Company, Edinburgh
Specimens of shellfish and sponge collected from Inle Hora SL (1929) Notes on fishes in the Indian Museum. XVII.
Lake were also donated by Annandale to OHS in the same Loaches of the genus Nemachilus from Burma. Rec Indian Mus
period and are respectively preserved in dry conditions and 31:311–334, pls 14–15
in ethanol. Their image data are also registered in the ffish. ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature)
(1999) International code of zoological nomenclature, 4th edi-
asia and can be referred to from the “InleInvAnnandale” tag tion. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature,
(https://​ffish.​asia/​InleI​nvAnn​andale). London
Kai Y (2015) Fish collection and ichthyology at Kyoto University.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplemen- Kyoto Univ Res Act 5:9–13
tary material available at https://d​ oi.o​ rg/1​ 0.1​ 007/s​ 10228-0​ 21-0​ 0806-5. Kano Y, Adnan MS, Grudpan C, Grudpan J, Magtoon W, Musikasin-
thorn P, Natori Y, Ottomanski S, Praxaysonbath B, Phongsa K,
Acknowledgements We are grateful to Dr. N. Morimoto and Mr. S. Rangsiruji A, Shibukawa K, Shimatani Y, So N, Suvarnaraksha
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kasinthorn (Kasetsart University, Thailand); the Forest Department, Mainland Southeast Asia. Ichthyol Res 60:293–295
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Annandale’s fish at Kyoto University Museum

UNDP (United Nations Development Program) (2015) Inle Lake, Publisher’s Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to
conservation and rehabilitation, stories from Myanmar. UNDP, jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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K (2010) GEDIMAP: a database of genetic diversity for Japanese
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