DGS microstrip antenna

Introduction to Microstrip Antennas

•Definition: A Microstrip antenna consists of a metallic radiating patch on one side of a

dielectric substrate, with a ground plane on the other side. They operate on the principle
of exciting a resonant mode within the patch structure.

•Applications: Used in communication systems, satellite systems, mobile devices, etc.

•Advantages:
• Low profile
• Lightweight
• Easy to integrate with circuits
• ease of fabrication
• making them suitable for various applications.
•Disadvantages:
• Narrow bandwidth
• Low efficiency
What is a Defected Ground Structure (DGS)?
•Definition: A DGS is an intentional alteration or defect created in the ground plane of a
microstrip antenna to change its properties.
•Purpose: Improves performance characteristics like bandwidth, gain, and efficiency by
controlling surface current distribution.
•Common Shapes: Slots, dumbbells, circular or rectangular defects, H-shaped, etc.
Diagram illustrating a microstrip antenna with DGS metallic patch on the top and the defected
ground plane on the bottom.
Benefits of Using DGS

Bandwidth enhancement Gain improvement Suppression of higher modes

3. DGS can effectively suppress
1.DGS can be used to enhance 2. DGS can also be used to
the bandwidth of microstrip improve the gain of microstrip the higher-order modes in
antennas by modifying the antennas by altering the microstrip antennas, leading
effective inductance and radiation pattern and to improved performance.
capacitance of the circuit. suppressing the surface waves.

Why Use DGS in Microstrip Antennas?

•Impedance Matching: Helps improve impedance matching over a wide
frequency range.
•Suppressing Surface Waves: Reduces unwanted surface waves, leading to
improved radiation efficiency.
•Bandwidth Enhancement: DGS can broaden the bandwidth by introducing
resonances in the antenna structure.
•Miniaturization: DGS allows for reduced antenna size while maintaining
performance.
Design Considerations
Key parameters in DGS design Types of DGS configurations (e.g., rectangular slots)

The key parameters in DGS design include Common DGS configurations include
the shape, size, and placement of the rectangular slots, circular slots, and various
defected pattern, as well as the substrate other shapes, each with their own advantages
properties. and design considerations.

Types of DGS Patterns

•Dumbbell Shape
•H-shaped Defect
•U-shaped Defect
•Circular and Rectangular Slots
•Fractal DGS
Working Principle of DGS

•Surface Current Disruption: DGS modifies the current distribution

on the ground plane, which affects the impedance and radiation
pattern.
•Equivalent Circuit Model: Can be modeled using LC circuits, where
the inductance and capacitance depend on the size and shape of
the defect.
•Example Diagram: Provide a simple equivalent circuit to
demonstrate how DGS affects antenna properties.
Design of DGS Microstrip Antenna

•Steps:
• Patch Design: Select material and dimensions for the
patch (typically rectangular or circular).
• Ground Plane Alteration: Introduce a specific DGS
pattern beneath the patch.
• Simulation: Use software like HFSS, CST, or MATLAB to
simulate the antenna performance.
• Optimization: Adjust the DGS pattern for optimized
performance parameters (bandwidth, return loss, etc.).
Performance Metrics

•Return Loss (S11): DGS helps reduce the return loss, indicating
improved impedance matching.
•Bandwidth: Significant enhancement in bandwidth compared to
standard microstrip antennas.
•Gain: DGS can improve gain by reducing surface wave losses.
•Radiation Pattern: Shows directional improvements due to DGS.
Applications of DGS Microstrip Antennas
Satellite communication
Used in wireless communication Radar systems

DGS microstrip antennas find DGS microstrip antennas can also be DGS microstrip antennas can also be
applications in various wireless used in radar systems, where their used in satellite communication
communication systems, such as performance enhancement can systems, taking advantage of their
cellular networks, WiFi, and improve the system's capabilities. lightweight and low-profile
Bluetooth. characteristics.

•Wireless Communication Systems: WLAN,

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
•Satellite Communication
•Radar Systems
•5G Antennas: For high-frequency
communication
•Biomedical Devices: Compact, efficient
antennas for wearable medical technology
Challenges and Limitations
•Design Complexity: Introducing DGS can complicate the design and tuning
of the antenna.
•Fabrication Issues: The precision of the defect needs to be high for optimal
performance.
•Trade-offs: Size reduction may lead to reduced gain or efficiency in some
cases.
Future Trends in DGS Microstrip Antennas

•Reconfigurable Antennas: Using DGS patterns to create

tunable or switchable antennas.
•Compact High-Gain Designs: For IoT and mobile
communication.
•Wideband Applications: DGS designs for ultrawideband
and 5G applications.
•Metamaterial Integration: Combining DGS with
metamaterials for superior performance.
Conclusion

•Summary: DGS microstrip antennas offer enhanced performance in terms of

bandwidth, gain, and miniaturization.

•Future Potential: Increasing use in advanced communication systems like 5G, IoT,
and wearable technologies.
Future trends in DGS microstrip antennas may include the exploration of novel DGS
configurations, integration with other technologies, and advancements in
simulation and fabrication techniques.

•Closing Statement: DGS is a powerful tool for optimizing microstrip antenna

performance while keeping size and cost manageable.
 Case Study

Example: Circular Microstrip Patch Key findings and performance

Antenna with DGS metrics

A case study on a circular microstrip patch The key findings from the case study would
antenna with DGS would demonstrate the include the improved bandwidth, gain, and
design, simulation, and experimental suppression of higher modes achieved
validation of the antenna's performance. through the use of DGS.
Min freq=1.5 GHz, Max Frq=3.5 GHz
a=17.4
Lf=14.75
Wf=3.13
Gp=1.5
Fi=10
r=2.5
Using Boolean option add
patch and feed line
Select the feed line
Create wave guide port
Simulate the model and see the results

Now create the defect using the below steps and simulate the antenna again and compare the results