Get the full ebook with Bonus Features for a Better Reading Experience on ebookmeta.

com

Statistics for Business and Economics : Metric

Edition, 14th Edition Cengage South-Western

https://ebookmeta.com/product/statistics-for-business-and-
economics-metric-edition-14th-edition-cengage-south-western/

OR CLICK HERE

DOWLOAD NOW

Download more ebook instantly today at https://ebookmeta.com

 Recommended digital products (PDF, EPUB, MOBI) that
you can download immediately if you are interested.

Statistics for Business and Economics, 10th Global Edition

Paul Newbold

https://ebookmeta.com/product/statistics-for-business-and-
economics-10th-global-edition-paul-newbold/

ebookmeta.com

Calculus for Business, Economics, Life Sciences, and

Social Sciences 14th Edition Raymond Barnett

https://ebookmeta.com/product/calculus-for-business-economics-life-
sciences-and-social-sciences-14th-edition-raymond-barnett/

ebookmeta.com

Applied Statistics Business Economics 6th Edition Doane

https://ebookmeta.com/product/applied-statistics-business-
economics-6th-edition-doane/

ebookmeta.com

Coping with Change Orthodox Christian Dynamics between

Tradition Innovation and Realpolitik Sebastian Rimestad
Editor Vasilios N Makrides Editor
https://ebookmeta.com/product/coping-with-change-orthodox-christian-
dynamics-between-tradition-innovation-and-realpolitik-sebastian-
rimestad-editor-vasilios-n-makrides-editor/
ebookmeta.com
Epidemics: Models and Data Using R 2nd Edition Ottar N.
Bjørnstad

https://ebookmeta.com/product/epidemics-models-and-data-using-r-2nd-
edition-ottar-n-bjornstad/

ebookmeta.com

Lonely Planet Norway 2022 8th Edition Lonely Planet

https://ebookmeta.com/product/lonely-planet-norway-2022-8th-edition-
lonely-planet/

ebookmeta.com

Health Immunity Protect Yourself 2020 The Editors Of

Health

https://ebookmeta.com/product/health-immunity-protect-
yourself-2020-the-editors-of-health/

ebookmeta.com

Witches Get Stuff Done 1st Edition Molly Harper

https://ebookmeta.com/product/witches-get-stuff-done-1st-edition-
molly-harper/

ebookmeta.com

Melasma a Monograph 2nd Edition Rashmi Sarkar

https://ebookmeta.com/product/melasma-a-monograph-2nd-edition-rashmi-
sarkar/

ebookmeta.com
Another Little Piece 1st Edition Kate Karyus Quinn

https://ebookmeta.com/product/another-little-piece-1st-edition-kate-
karyus-quinn/

ebookmeta.com
iStock.com/alienforce; iStock.com/TommL

Statistics for
Business & Economics
14e Metric Version

James J. Cochran
Thomas A. Williams University of Alabama
David R. Anderson Rochester Institute
University of Cincinnati
of Technology Michael J. Fry
University of Cincinnati
Dennis J. Sweeney Jeffrey D. Camm
University of Cincinnati
Wake Forest University Jeffrey W. Ohlmann
University of Iowa

Australia Brazil Mexico Singapore United Kingdom United States

● ● ● ● ●

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Statistics for Business and Economics, 14e, © 2020, 2017 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Metric Version
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
David R. Anderson
may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, except as
Dennis J. Sweeney
permitted by U.S. copyright law, without the prior written permission of the
Thomas A. Williams
copyright owner.
Jeffrey D. Camm
James J. Cochran
Michael J. Fry For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Jeffrey W. Ohlmann Cengage Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706 or
support.cengage.com
Metric Version Prepared by Qaboos Imran
For permission to use material from this text or product,

International Product Director: Timothy L. submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.

Anderson

Senior Product Assistant: Alexander Sham ISBN: 978-0-357-11448-3

Senior Content Manager: Kim Kusnerak Cengage International Offices

Associate Marketing Manager: Tori Sitcawich Asia Australia/New Zealand

www.cengageasia.com www.cengage.com.au
IP Analyst: Reba Frederics tel: (65) 6410 1200 tel: (61) 3 9685 4111

IP Project Manager: Nick Barrows Brazil India

www.cengage.com.br www.cengage.co.in
Production Service/Compositor: MPS Limited
tel: (55) 11 3665 9900 tel: (91) 11 4364 1111
Inventory Analyst: Alister Santos
Latin America UK/Europe/Middle East/Africa
Text Designer: Beckmeyer Design www.cengage.com.mx www.cengage.co.uk
tel: (52) 55 1500 6000 tel: (44) 0 1264 332 424
Cover Designer: Chris Doughman
Represented in Canada by
Cover Image: ESB Professional/Shutterstock.com
Nelson Education, Ltd.
tel: (416) 752 9100 / (800) 668 0671
www.nelson.com

Cengage is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office

locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom,
Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at:
www.cengage.com/global.

Visit your local office: www.cengage.com/global

Visit our corporate website: www.cengage.com

Printed in China
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2019

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Brief Contents
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxi
PREFACE xxv

Chapter 1 Data and Statistics 1

Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays 33
Chapter 3 Descriptive Statistics: Numerical Measures 107
Chapter 4 Introduction to Probability 177
Chapter 5 Discrete Probability Distributions 223
Chapter 6 Continuous Probability Distributions 281
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling Distributions 319
Chapter 8 Interval Estimation 373
Chapter 9 Hypothesis Tests 417
Chapter 10 Inference About Means and Proportions with
Two Populations 481
Chapter 11 Inferences About Population Variances 525
Chapter 12 Comparing Multiple Proportions, Test
of Independence and Goodness of Fit 553
Chapter 13 Experimental Design and Analysis of Variance 597
Chapter 14 Simple Linear Regression 653
Chapter 15 Multiple Regression 731
Chapter 16 Regression Analysis: Model Building 799
Chapter 17 Time Series Analysis and Forecasting 859
Chapter 18 Nonparametric Methods 931
Chapter 19 Decision Analysis 981
Chapter 20 Index Numbers 1013
Chapter 21 Statistical Methods for Quality Control 1033
Chapter 22 Sample Survey (MindTap Reader)
appendix a References and Bibliography 1068
appendix B Tables 1070
appendix C Summation Notation 1097
appendix d Answers to Even-Numbered Exercises (MindTap Reader)
appendix e Microsoft Excel 2016 and Tools for Statistical Analysis 1099
appendix F Computing p-Values with JMP and Excel 1107

Index 1111

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
Contents
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xxi
PREFACE xxv

Chapter 1 data and Statistics 1

Statistics in Practice: Bloomberg Businessweek 2
1.1 Applications in Business and Economics 3
Accounting 3
Finance 3
Marketing 4
Production 4
Economics 4
Information Systems 4
1.2 Data 5
Elements, Variables, and Observations 5
Scales of Measurement 5
Categorical and Quantitative Data 7
Cross-Sectional and Time Series Data 8
1.3 Data Sources 10
Existing Sources 10
Observational Study 11
Experiment 12
Time and Cost Issues 13
Data Acquisition Errors 13
1.4 Descriptive Statistics 13
1.5 Statistical Inference 15
1.6 Analytics 16
1.7 Big Data and Data Mining 17
1.8 Computers and Statistical Analysis 19
1.9 Ethical Guidelines for Statistical Practice 19
Summary 21
Glossary 21
Supplementary Exercises 22
Appendix 1.1 Opening and Saving DATA Files and Converting to Stacked
form with JMP 30
Appendix 1.2 Getting Started with R and RStudio (MindTap Reader)
Appendix 1.3 Basic Data Manipulation in R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 2 descriptive Statistics: tabular and Graphical

displays 33
Statistics in Practice: Colgate-Palmolive Company 34
2.1 Summarizing Data for a Categorical Variable 35
Frequency Distribution 35
Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions 36
Bar Charts and Pie Charts 37
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Contents v

2.2 Summarizing Data for a Quantitative Variable 42

Frequency Distribution 42
Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions 44
Dot Plot 45
Histogram 45
Cumulative Distributions 47
Stem-and-Leaf Display 47
2.3 Summarizing Data for Two Variables Using Tables 57
Crosstabulation 57
Simpson’s Paradox 59
2.4 Summarizing Data for Two Variables Using Graphical
Displays 65
Scatter Diagram and Trendline 65
Side-by-Side and Stacked Bar Charts 66
2.5 Data Visualization: Best Practices in Creating Effective
Graphical Displays 71
Creating Effective Graphical Displays 71
Choosing the Type of Graphical Display 72
Data Dashboards 73
Data Visualization in Practice: Cincinnati Zoo
and Botanical Garden 75
Summary 77
Glossary 78
Key Formulas 79
Supplementary Exercises 80
Case Problem 1: Pelican Stores 85
Case Problem 2: Movie Theater Releases 86
Case Problem 3: Queen City 87
Case Problem 4: Cut-Rate Machining, Inc. 88
Appendix 2.1 Creating Tabular and Graphical Presentations with JMP 90
Appendix 2.2 Creating Tabular and Graphical Presentations
with Excel 93
Appendix 2.3 Creating Tabular and Graphical Presentations with R
(MindTap Reader)

Chapter 3 descriptive Statistics: numerical Measures 107

Statistics in Practice: Small Fry Design 108
3.1 Measures of Location 109
Mean 109
Weighted Mean 111
Median 112
Geometric Mean 113
Mode 115
Percentiles 115
Quartiles 116

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
vi Contents

3.2 Measures of Variability 122

Range 123
Interquartile Range 123
Variance 123
Standard Deviation 125
Coefficient of Variation 126
3.3 Measures of Distribution Shape, Relative Location,
and Detecting Outliers 129
Distribution Shape 129
z-Scores 130
Chebyshev’s Theorem 131
Empirical Rule 132
Detecting Outliers 134
3.4 Five-Number Summaries and Boxplots 137
Five-Number Summary 138
Boxplot 138
Comparative Analysis Using Boxplots 139
3.5 Measures of Association Between Two Variables 142
Covariance 142
Interpretation of the Covariance 144
Correlation Coefficient 146
Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient 147
3.6 Data Dashboards: Adding Numerical Measures to
Improve Effectiveness 150
Summary 153
Glossary 154
Key Formulas 155
Supplementary Exercises 156
Case Problem 1: Pelican Stores 162
Case Problem 2: Movie Theater Releases 163
Case Problem 3: Business Schools of Asia-Pacific 164
Case Problem 4: Heavenly Chocolates Website Transactions 164
Case Problem 5: African Elephant Populations 166
Appendix 3.1 Descriptive Statistics with JMP 168
Appendix 3.2 Descriptive Statistics with Excel 171
Appendix 3.3 Descriptive Statistics with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 4 introduction to probability 177

Statistics in Practice: National Aeronautics and Space
Administration 178
4.1 Random Experiments, Counting Rules,
and Assigning Probabilities 179
Counting Rules, Combinations, and Permutations 180
Assigning Probabilities 184
Probabilities for the KP&L Project 185
4.2 Events and Their Probabilities 189
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Contents vii

4.3 Some Basic Relationships of Probability 193

Complement of an Event 193
Addition Law 194
4.4 Conditional Probability 199
Independent Events 202
Multiplication Law 202
4.5 Bayes’ Theorem 207
Tabular Approach 210
Summary 212
Glossary 213
Key Formulas 214
Supplementary Exercises 214
Case Problem 1: Hamilton County Judges 219
Case Problem 2: Rob’s Market 221

Chapter 5 discrete probability distributions 223

Statistics in Practice: Voter Waiting Times in Elections 224
5.1 Random Variables 225
Discrete Random Variables 225
Continuous Random Variables 225
5.2 Developing Discrete Probability Distributions 228
5.3 Expected Value and Variance 233
Expected Value 233
Variance 233
5.4 Bivariate Distributions, Covariance, and Financial Portfolios 238
A Bivariate Empirical Discrete Probability Distribution 238
Financial Applications 241
Summary 244
5.5 Binomial Probability Distribution 247
A Binomial Experiment 248
Martin Clothing Store Problem 249
Using Tables of Binomial Probabilities 253
Expected Value and Variance for the Binomial Distribution 254
5.6 Poisson Probability Distribution 258
An Example Involving Time Intervals 259
An Example Involving Length or Distance Intervals 260
5.7 Hypergeometric Probability Distribution 262
Summary 265
Glossary 266
Key Formulas 266
Supplementary Exercises 268
Case Problem 1: Go Bananas! Breakfast Cereal 272
Case Problem 2: McNeil’s Auto Mall 272
Case Problem 3: Grievance Committee at Tuglar Corporation 273
Appendix 5.1 Discrete Probability Distributions with JMP 275

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
viii Contents

Appendix 5.2 Discrete Probability Distributions with Excel 278

Appendix 5.3 Discrete Probability Distributions with R (MindTap Reader)
Chapter 6 Continuous probability distributions 281
Statistics in Practice: Procter & Gamble 282
6.1 Uniform Probability Distribution 283
Area as a Measure of Probability 284
6.2 Normal Probability Distribution 287
Normal Curve 287
Standard Normal Probability Distribution 289
Computing Probabilities for Any Normal Probability
Distribution 294
Grear Tire Company Problem 294
6.3 Normal Approximation of Binomial Probabilities 299
6.4 Exponential Probability Distribution 302
Computing Probabilities for the Exponential
Distribution 302
Relationship Between the Poisson and Exponential
Distributions 303
Summary 305
Glossary 305
Key Formulas 306
Supplementary Exercises 306
Case Problem 1: Specialty Toys 309
Case Problem 2: Gebhardt Electronics 311
Appendix 6.1 Continuous Probability Distributions with JMP 312
Appendix 6.2 Continuous Probability Distributions with Excel 317
Appendix 6.3 Continuous Probability Distribution with R
(MindTap Reader)
Chapter 7 Sampling and Sampling distributions 319
Statistics in Practice: Meadwestvaco Corporation 320
7.1 The Electronics Associates Sampling Problem 321
7.2 Selecting a Sample 322
Sampling from a Finite Population 322
Sampling from an Infinite Population 324
7.3 Point Estimation 327
Practical Advice 329
7.4 Introduction to Sampling Distributions 331
7.5 Sampling Distribution of x 333
Expected Value of x 334
Standard Deviation of x 334
Form of the Sampling Distribution of x 335
Sampling Distribution of x for the EAI Problem 337
Practical Value of the Sampling Distribution of x 338
Relationship Between the Sample Size and the Sampling
Distribution of x 339
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Contents ix

7.6 Sampling Distribution of p 343

Expected Value of p 344
Standard Deviation of p 344
Form of the Sampling Distribution of p 345
Practical Value of the Sampling Distribution of p 345
7.7 Properties of Point Estimators 349
Unbiased 349
Efficiency 350
Consistency 351
7.8 Other Sampling Methods 351
Stratified Random Sampling 352
Cluster Sampling 352
Systematic Sampling 353
Convenience Sampling 353
Judgment Sampling 354
7.9 Big Data and Standard Errors of Sampling Distributions 354
Sampling Error 354
Nonsampling Error 355
Big Data 356
Understanding What Big Data Is 356
Implications of Big Data for Sampling Error 357
Summary 360
Glossary 361
Key Formulas 362
Supplementary Exercises 363
Case Problem: Marion Dairies 366
Appendix 7.1 The Expected Value and Standard Deviation of x 367
Appendix 7.2 Random Sampling with JMP 368
Appendix 7.3 Random Sampling with Excel 371
Appendix 7.4 Random Sampling with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 8 interval estimation 373

Statistics in Practice: Food Lion 374
8.1 Population Mean: s Known 375
Margin of Error and the Interval Estimate 375
Practical Advice 379
8.2 Population Mean: s Unknown 381
Margin of Error and the Interval Estimate 382
Practical Advice 385
Using a Small Sample 385
Summary of Interval Estimation Procedures 386
8.3 Determining the Sample Size 390
8.4 Population Proportion 393
Determining the Sample Size 394

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
x Contents

8.5 Big Data and Confidence Intervals 398

Big Data and the Precision of Confidence Intervals 398
Implications of Big Data for Confidence Intervals 399
Summary 401
Glossary 402
Key Formulas 402
Supplementary Exercises 403
Case Problem 1: Young Professional Magazine 406
Case Problem 2: Gulf Real Estate Properties 407
Case Problem 3: Metropolitan Research, Inc. 409
Appendix 8.1 Interval Estimation with JMP 410
Appendix 8.2 Interval Estimation Using Excel 413
Appendix 8.3 Interval Estimation with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 9 hypothesis tests 417

Statistics in Practice: John Morrell & Company 418
9.1 Developing Null and Alternative Hypotheses 419
The Alternative Hypothesis as a Research Hypothesis 419
The Null Hypothesis as an Assumption to Be Challenged 420
Summary of Forms for Null and Alternative Hypotheses 421
9.2 Type I and Type II Errors 422
9.3 Population Mean: s Known 425
One-Tailed Test 425
Two-Tailed Test 430
Summary and Practical Advice 433
Relationship Between Interval Estimation and
Hypothesis Testing 434
9.4 Population Mean: s Unknown 439
One-Tailed Test 439
Two-Tailed Test 440
Summary and Practical Advice 441
9.5 Population Proportion 445
Summary 447
9.6 Hypothesis Testing and Decision Making 450
9.7 Calculating the Probability of Type II Errors 450
9.8 Determining the Sample Size for a Hypothesis Test
About a Population Mean 455
9.9 Big Data and Hypothesis Testing 459
Big Data, Hypothesis Testing, and p Values 459
Implications of Big Data in Hypothesis Testing 460
Summary 462
Glossary 462
Key Formulas 463
Supplementary Exercises 463
Case Problem 1: Quality Associates, Inc. 467

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Contents xi

Case Problem 2: Ethical Behavior of Business Students

at Bayview University 469
Appendix 9.1 Hypothesis Testing with JMP 471
Appendix 9.2 Hypothesis Testing with Excel 475
Appendix 9.3 Hypothesis Testing with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 10 inference about Means and proportions with

two populations 481
Statistics in Practice: U.S. Food and Drug Administration 482
10.1 Inferences About the Difference Between Two
Population Means: s1 and s2 Known 483
Interval Estimation of m1 − m2 483
Hypothesis Tests About m1 − m2 485
Practical Advice 487
10.2 Inferences About the Difference Between Two
Population Means: s1 and s2 Unknown 489
Interval Estimation of m1 − m2 489
Hypothesis Tests About m1 − m2 491
Practical Advice 493
10.3 Inferences About the Difference Between Two
Population Means: Matched Samples 497
10.4 Inferences About the Difference Between Two Population
Proportions 503
Interval Estimation of p1 − p2 503
Hypothesis Tests About p1 − p2 505
Summary 509
Glossary 509
Key Formulas 509
Supplementary Exercises 511
Case Problem: Par, Inc. 514
Appendix 10.1 Inferences About Two Populations with JMP 515
Appendix 10.2 Inferences About Two Populations with Excel 519
Appendix 10.3 Inferences about Two Populations with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 11 inferences about population Variances 525

Statistics in Practice: U.S. Government Accountability Office 526
11.1 Inferences About a Population Variance 527
Interval Estimation 527
Hypothesis Testing 531
11.2 Inferences About Two Population Variances 537
Summary 544
Key Formulas 544
Supplementary Exercises 544
Case Problem 1: Air Force Training Program 546

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
xii Contents

Case Problem 2: Meticulous Drill & Reamer 547

Appendix 11.1 Population Variances with JMP 549
Appendix 11.2 Population Variances with Excel 551
Appendix 11.3 Population Variances with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 12 Comparing Multiple proportions, test of

independence and Goodness of Fit 553
Statistics in Practice: United Way 554
12.1 Testing the Equality of Population Proportions
for Three or More Populations 555
A Multiple Comparison Procedure 560
12.2 Test of Independence 565
12.3 Goodness of Fit Test 573
Multinomial Probability Distribution 573
Normal Probability Distribution 576
Summary 582
Glossary 582
Key Formulas 583
Supplementary Exercises 583
Case Problem 1: A Bipartisan Agenda for Change 587
Case Problem 2: Fuentes Salty Snacks, Inc. 588
Case Problem 3: Fresno Board Games 588
Appendix 12.1 Chi-Square Tests with JMP 590
Appendix 12.2 Chi-Square Tests with Excel 593
Appendix 12.3 Chi-Squared Tests with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 13 experimental design and analysis

of Variance 597
Statistics in Practice: Burke Marketing Services, Inc. 598
13.1 An Introduction to Experimental Design
and Analysis of Variance 599
Data Collection 600
Assumptions for Analysis of Variance 601
Analysis of Variance: A Conceptual Overview 601
13.2 Analysis of Variance and the Completely
Randomized Design 604
Between-Treatments Estimate of Population Variance 605
Within-Treatments Estimate of Population Variance 606
Comparing the Variance Estimates: The F Test 606
ANOVA Table 608
Computer Results for Analysis of Variance 609
Testing for the Equality of k Population Means:
An Observational Study 610
13.3 Multiple Comparison Procedures 615
Fisher’s LSD 615
Type I Error Rates 617

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Contents xiii

13.4 Randomized Block Design 621

Air Traffic Controller Stress Test 621
ANOVA Procedure 623
Computations and Conclusions 623
13.5 Factorial Experiment 627
ANOVA Procedure 629
Computations and Conclusions 629
Summary 635
Glossary 635
Key Formulas 636
Supplementary Exercises 638
Case Problem 1: Wentworth Medical Center 643
Case Problem 2: Compensation for Sales Professionals 644
Case Problem 3: Touristopia Travel 644
Appendix 13.1 Analysis of Variance with JMP 646
Appendix 13.2 Analysis of Variance with Excel 649
Appendix 13.3 Analysis Variance with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 14 Simple Linear regression 653

Statistics in Practice: Alliance Data Systems 654
14.1 Simple Linear Regression Model 655
Regression Model and Regression Equation 655
Estimated Regression Equation 656
14.2 Least Squares Method 658
14.3 Coefficient of Determination 668
Correlation Coefficient 671
14.4 Model Assumptions 675
14.5 Testing for Significance 676
Estimate of s2 676
t Test 677
Confidence Interval for b1 679
F Test 679
Some Cautions About the Interpretation of Significance Tests 681
14.6 Using the Estimated Regression Equation
for Estimation and Prediction 684
Interval Estimation 685
Confidence Interval for the Mean Value of y 685
Prediction Interval for an Individual Value of y 686
14.7 Computer Solution 691
14.8 Residual Analysis: Validating Model Assumptions 694
Residual Plot Against x 695
Residual Plot Against ŷ 697
Standardized Residuals 698
Normal Probability Plot 699

Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
xiv Contents

14.9 Residual Analysis: Outliers and Influential Observations 703

Detecting Outliers 703
Detecting Influential Observations 704
14.10 Practical Advice: Big Data and Hypothesis Testing in Simple Linear
Regression 710
Summary 711
Glossary 711
Key Formulas 712
Supplementary Exercises 714
Case Problem 1: Measuring Stock Market Risk 721
Case Problem 2: U.S. Department of Transportation 721
Case Problem 3: Selecting a Point-and-Shoot Digital Camera 722
Case Problem 4: Finding the Best Car Value 723
Case Problem 5: Buckeye Creek Amusement Park 724
Appendix 14.1 Calculus-Based Derivation of Least Squares Formulas 726
Appendix 14.2 A Test for Significance Using Correlation 727
Appendix 14.3 Simple Linear Regression with JMP 727
Appendix 14.4 Regression Analysis with Excel 728
Appendix 14.5 Simple Linear Regression with R (MindTap Reader)

Chapter 15 Multiple regression 731

Statistics in Practice: 84.51° 732
15.1 Multiple Regression Model 733
Regression Model and Regression Equation 733
Estimated Multiple Regression Equation 733
15.2 Least Squares Method 734
An Example: Butler Trucking Company 735
Note on Interpretation of Coefficients 737
15.3 Multiple Coefficient of Determination 743
15.4 Model Assumptions 746
15.5 Testing for Significance 747
F Test 747
t Test 750
Multicollinearity 750
15.6 Using the Estimated Regression Equation
for Estimation and Prediction 753
15.7 Categorical Independent Variables 755
An Example: Johnson Filtration, Inc. 756
Interpreting the Parameters 758
More Complex Categorical Variables 760
15.8 Residual Analysis 764
Detecting Outliers 766
Studentized Deleted Residuals and Outliers 766
Influential Observations 767
Using Cook’s Distance Measure to Identify
Influential Observations 767
Copyright 2020 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-300
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 CHAPTER XXI.
cyril’s nurses.
While the church bells were ringing daily in the tower above his
head, and the old Bridford chimes, famous long ago, were heralding
the birth of every hour with a fine old psalm tune that pealed out over
the busy, money-making city, like an echo of the past, Cyril
Culverhouse was lying at the bottom of a dark gulf of pain and
confusion, and all the outer world, and all the life that he had lived,
were cancelled and forgotten.
Strange images danced before his eyes like motes in the
sunshine, yet seemed to him neither strange nor unexpected. He
had a history of his own in that period of delirium, a new identity, new
surroundings, a mad, wild world, peopled out of his own brain.
Bishops and archbishops came and sat beside his bed, and held
long arguments with him, figments of a mind distraught, the shadows
that haunt fever-dreams, but to him intensely real. The dead came
back to life to hold converse with him, and he was not surprised. No,
he had always thought there was something in the ideas of the old
necromancers. The elixir of life was not an impossibility. Here was
Luther with his square solid face, and sensual humorous mouth.
Here was Pascal, full of quaint sayings and far-reaching thoughts.
The sick man talked for all of them. His talk was wildest raving to the
ears that listened, but to his own fancy it was profoundest wisdom.
There is no egotism, no belief in self, equal to that of the lunatic. For
him the stars and moon have been made, for him God willingly
performs miracles which overthrow all the laws of the universe. He is
the axis of the world, and lets it go round.
How long those days and nights of fever were! That was the chief
agony of them. The eternity of hours, so thickly peopled with
distorted shapes that every quarter of an hour was an era. Of actual
physical pain the sufferer had no consciousness; but weariness,
almost too heavy to be borne weighed upon him in the long strange
nights, when the faces of his watchers changed, and the very walls
of his room seemed new and unknown to him. He fancied that his
nurses had removed him into new lodgings while he slept, though it
seemed to him that he had never slept.
Sometimes he fancied himself in one place, sometimes in another.
He was at Oxford, in those old rooms of his looking into the college
garden. He was at Little Yafford, at Culverhouse, anywhere but
where he really was.
And his nurses, who were they? He faintly remembered Mrs.
Podmore leaning over his bed, fat and scant of breath, with a
medicine-glass in her hand, coaxing him to drink. He remembered
Sarah, making believe to step softly, in creaking shoes, whose every
movement was agony to him. But these things were lost in the
darkness of remote ages. His present nurses seemed to have been
tending him during a century.
There were two, one tall and slender, dignified of bearing, yet
gracious in every movement; the other short, small, and brisk. They
were dressed exactly alike, in the costume of some religious order,
as he supposed. They wore long black robes and white linen caps,
such as he remembered to have seen worn by the Sisters of Mercy
in Breton towns that he had visited years ago in one of his long
vacations. Admirable caps for ugly women, for the stiff linen borders
projected a quarter of a yard beyond the face, entirely concealed the
profile, and overshadowed the countenance at all times.
Cyril knew only that the taller of his two nurses had dark eyes and
a pale face, and that the little woman had black eyes of exceeding
sharpness, that flashed at him from the cavernous cap. They were
both admirable nurses, quiet, gentle, attentive, but in some phases
of his delirium he hated them, and accused them of all manner of evil
designs. They were poisoning him. Yes, the medicine they made him
take at stated intervals contained a slow poison—the Aqua Tofana of
the Middle Ages—that horrible stuff which the wicked witch Toffania
made by wholesale, and sent to all the cities of the earth as the
manna of St. Nicola of Bari; or it was the hemlock that Socrates
drank, or wolf’s bane, or deadly nightshade. He recognised the
flavour of the murderous herb. And then he stormed at his nurses,
and told them they had plotted his murder.
‘If you were honest women you would not hide your faces,’ he
cried. ‘You are murderesses, and have come here to kill me.’
One night, after an age of fever and hallucination, he sank into a
refreshing slumber. It was as if his spirit, newly escaped from a
burning hell, had slipped unawares into Paradise. Fair meadows and
flowing streams, an ineffable sense of coolness and relief, and then
deep rest and stillness.
When he awoke, the summer dawn filled the room. Through the
widely opened windows came the fresh breezes of the morning. A
soft cool hand was on his brow, the tall nurse’s dark figure stood
beside his bed.
All his delusions, all his hideous fancies, seemed to have run out
of his brain, like water out of a sieve, during that one sweet sleep.
Suddenly and completely as the leper at the Divine Healer’s bidding,
he was made sound and whole. Very weak still, with a sense of utter
helplessness and prostration, he yet felt himself cured. The fire that
had made life a torture had burnt itself out.
He looked up at his nurse. How purely white that quaint old head-
gear of hers looked in the morning sunshine. He remembered the
bright freshness of just such another morning in his holiday rambles
five years ago, and just such another black-robed figure and white
cap, a Sister of Mercy waiting for the starting of the diligence, in the
old market square at Vannes, the white dusty square, the scanty
trees, that seem to have been planted yesterday, the shabby old
cathedral looking down at him.
‘You are a Frenchwoman, are you not?’ he asked, the weakness
of his voice startling him a little.
‘Mais si,’ she answered, gently.
He tried to get her to talk, but she answered him only in
monosyllables. He tried to see her face, but the position in which she
held her head always prevented him.
 ‘Perhaps her cap is the prettiest thing about her, and she would
rather show that than her face,’ he thought.
Even that brief conversation exhausted him, and he fell asleep
again. Those weary hours of delirious wakefulness had left him long
arrears of sleep to make up. He slept on till dusk, and Dr. Saunders,
finding him locked in that deep slumber, pronounced him out of
danger.
‘Our medicines have never been able to touch him,’ he said
frankly. ‘It has been an unaided struggle between nature and
disease. I ought not to say unaided, though,’ he added,
apologetically, to the little nursing sister in the Breton cap. ‘Your care
has been a very powerful assistance.’
The little woman thanked him effusively in her broken English. The
taller nurse spoke only French, and as little of that as possible.
When Cyril awoke again, just before nightfall, the small nurse was
sitting by his bed.
‘Where is the other?’ he asked.
‘Gone.’
‘Gone?’
‘Yes. You are now much better—on the high road to recovery. You
no longer want two nurses. My companion has gone home.’
‘She is wanted for some other case, perhaps.’
‘No doubt she soon will be.’
‘To what order do you belong?’
‘To a community of nursing sisters.’
‘In Brittany?’
‘Yes.’
‘What part of Brittany?’
‘We never talk about ourselves. It is one of the rules of our order.
We come and go like the wind.’
 ‘But how was it that you came to me? Who sent for you?’
‘We were not sent for. We happened to hear of your illness—and
we knew you were a good man. It was our duty to come and nurse
you.’
‘What me?—a Protestant?’
‘We are not sectarian. We go wherever we are wanted.’
‘But how do you—Breton nuns—come to be in England?’
‘We are not nuns. We are a nursing sisterhood, bound by no vows.
We heard of the pest raging in this town, and came here to be
useful.’
‘You are very good people,’ said Cyril. ‘I am sorry the other sister
is gone. I should like to have talked to her, but this morning she
would answer me only in monosyllables.’
‘It is not good for you to talk, and it is one of our rules to talk as
little as possible.’
For three days the figure in the loose black gown was constantly at
Cyril’s bedside. He heard the little woman telling her beads in the
dead of night. If she were no nun she was at any rate a staunch
Roman Catholic; but she did not endeavour to convert him to her
own creed. She was a modest, unobtrusive little woman; but during
those three days she very often broke the rule of her order, and
talked to the patient a good deal. She talked of Brittany, which she
knew thoroughly, and sometimes of modern French literature, which
she knew better than she ought to have done as a member of a
religious sisterhood.
On the fourth day she was gone, and another figure, dressed in
black, with neat white cap and apron, was by Cyril’s bedside. The
face of this watcher was not hidden. He knew it well, a homely
English face that brought back the thought of his work in the courts
and back streets of Bridford.
‘Mrs. Joyce,’ he exclaimed. ‘Have you turned nurse?’
 ‘What more blessed privilege can I have, sir, than to take care of
you? I owe you what is a great deal more to me than my own life, the
life of my beloved son. Oh, sir, if he ever comes to be a Milton or a
Shakespeare, the world will bless you for your goodness, as I do
now.’
Cyril smiled at her enthusiasm. Perhaps every mother whose son
writes obscure verses in doubtful English believes with Mrs. Joyce
that she has produced a Milton.
‘I should have come before, sir, if the two ladies hadn’t been here.
But they were such good nurses I didn’t want to interfere with them.’
‘Do you know where they came from, or why they came?’
‘No, indeed, Mr. Culverhouse. They were foreigners, and I
suppose they came from foreign parts.’
‘Neither of my doctors sent for them, I believe.’
‘No, sir. Dr. Saunders told me they came and went like spirits, but
he was wishful there were more like them.’
‘And your son is really recovered?’
‘Yes, sir. It is a most wonderful cure. He rallied that night, and was
up and about at the end of the week. To both of us it seemed like a
miracle. I have read the gospel about the widow’s son every night
and morning after my prayers, and I have read it two or three times
to Emmanuel. Oh, sir, I hope and believe you have wrought a double
cure. I think my son’s heart is turned to holy things. He has read his
Bible very often lately. I have watched him, and I think he is
beginning to find out that there is truth and comfort to be found in it.’
‘He cannot read the gospel long without making that discovery.
Young men are too apt to form their judgment of the Bible from what
other people have written about it. When they go to the fountain
head they find their mistake.’
Cyril was not satisfied till he had questioned Dr. Saunders and Dr.
Bolling, the latter of whom had come to see him daily, without any
fee, about the two French nurses. But neither of these could tell him
more than he knew already.
 ‘I wish I did know more about them,’ said Mr. Saunders. ‘Whatever
institution they belong to, it’s an admirable one, and I’m sorry we
haven’t a few more institutions of that kind over here. I don’t think we
should have pulled you through if it hadn’t been for that excellent
nursing. No, upon my word I believe you owe those two women your
life.’
‘And I do not even know their names, or where they are to be
found,’ said Cyril, regretfully.
It worried him not a little to be under so deep an obligation, and to
have no mode of expressing his gratitude. At one time he thought of
putting an advertisement in the Times, thanking his unknown nurses
for their care. But on reflection this seemed idle. They were
doubtless what they represented themselves, sisters of some
religious order, who did good for the love of God. They had no need
of his thanks. Yet he puzzled himself not a little about the whole
business. Why should he have been selected, above all other
sufferers in the town of Bridford, as the recipient of this gratuitous
care?
As soon as he was able to leave his bed, Dr. Bolling insisted on
his going off to the sea-side to get strength before he went back to
his work. This vexed him sorely, but he could not disobey.
‘You’ve been as near the gates of death as a man can well go
without passing through them,’ said the doctor.

end of vol. ii.

J. AND W. RIDER, PRINTERS, LONDON.

Corrections
The first line indicates the original, the second the correction.
Contents to Vol. II

IX. ‘THOSE ARE THE KILLING GRIEFS WHICH DARE NOT SPEAK’ 138
IX. ‘THOSE ARE THE KILLING GRIEFS WHICH DARE NOT SPEAK’ 128

p. 137

Miss Scales eat her dinner

Miss Schales ate her dinner

p. 172

Yes, it’s regretable.

Yes, it’s regrettable.

p. 268

in His earthly pilgrimage did He exereise that ineffable

in His earthly pilgrimage did He exercise that ineffable

p. 305

Mrs. Piper no longer recived her morning visitors in it

Mrs. Piper no longer received her morning visitors in it
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AN OPEN
VERDICT ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying copyright
royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of Use part of
this license, apply to copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept
and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and
may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following the
terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use of
the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything for
copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is very
easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from
the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law in
the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of
this agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its
attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without
charge with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the terms
of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or
with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of
this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.
1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense
to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means
of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original “Plain
Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must include the
full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that
s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™
License. You must require such a user to return or destroy all
 copies of the works possessed in a physical medium and
discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of Project
Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph
1.F.3, the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner
of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party
distributing a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this
agreement, disclaim all liability to you for damages, costs and
expenses, including legal fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO
REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF
WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE
FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY
DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL,
PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE
NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or entity
that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide a
replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the
Foundation, the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the
Foundation, anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works in accordance with this agreement, and any
volunteers associated with the production, promotion and distribution
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works, harmless from all liability,
costs and expenses, including legal fees, that arise directly or
indirectly from any of the following which you do or cause to occur:
(a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b)
alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project
Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of

Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small
donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax
exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.