STUDY BOX ACADEMY

SCIENCE MOCK - 1 (ANSWERS)

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 6 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 7 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 3 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an equal amount
of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a beaker?
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
Ans: (c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot
The beaker becomes hot because it is an exothermic reaction.

2. Identify gas A in the following experiment.

(a) Nitrogen (b) Hydrogen (c) Oxygen (d) Carbon dioxide

Ans: (b) Hydrogen
When dilute sulphuric acid is poured on zinc granules, then zinc being more reactive than
hydrogen displaces it from the acid and forms zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas.
Hydrogen is a combustible gas and burns with a popping sound.

3. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles?

(a) To prevent precipitation of silver chloride
(b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
(c) To promote decomposition of silver chloride
(d) All of these
 Ans: (b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
We store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles to prevent the decomposition of silver chloride
into silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight. The decomposition of silver chloride to
form silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight is given by the equation:
2AgCl(s) —S— —→ 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
u n l i ght

4. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

(a) NaOH(aq) (b) HCl(aq) (c) CH3COOH(aq) (d) H2O
Ans: (a) NaOH(aq)
Phenolphthalein solution is a colourless indicator which gives pink colour in basic solution.
Phenolphthalein solution remains colourless in acidic solution as well as in neutral solution.

5. When sodium hydrogen carbonate is added to ethanoic acid, a gas is evolved. Consider the
following statements about the gas evolved.
(i) It turns lime water milky.
(ii) It is evolved with a brisk effervescence.
(iii) It has a smell of burning sulphur.
(iv) It is also a by-product of respiration.
The correct statements are:
(a) (i) and (ii) only (b) (i) and (iv) only (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (i), (ii) and (iv)

6. Which option illustrates the location of centre that controls the feelings associated with hunger
(M) and the centre that allows a person to walk in a straight line (N)?

Ans: (d)
Hunger is partly controlled by a part of your fore brain called the hypothalamus whereas the
cerebellum is a major structure of the hindbrain that is located near the brainstem. The
cerebellum is the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements.

7. Identify X, Y and Z based on the basis of given information. X is a non-metal, which is an

important constituent of our food. It forms two oxides Y and Z. Y is toxic and it causes
suffocation and sometimes death. Z is responsible for global warming.
(a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2 (b) X = S, Y= SO2, Z= SO3
(c) X=P, Y=P2O3, Z=P2O3 (d) X= O, Y = O2, Z = O3
Ans: (a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2
The non-metal X is carbon which is an important constituent of our food. Carbon forms two
oxides Y (CO) and Z (CO2). CO is toxic and causes suffocation and sometimes death while CO2
is responsible for global warming.
 8. What is the direction of magnetic field at a point A above the wire carrying current I as shown
in figure?

(a) Out of the page (b) Into the page (c) Up the page (d) Down the page
Ans: (a) Out of the page
According to Right hand thumb rule, the magnetic field lines emerges at A is out of the page.

9. Choose the correct statement about heart.

(a) The upper two chambers of human heart are called ventricles.
(b) The lower two chambers of human heart are called atrium.
(c) The chambers of the heart are separated by a partition called pericardium.
(d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Ans: (d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Human heart is four chambered which means that it is composed of four chambers: right atrium,
right ventricle, left ventricle and left atrium. The chambers are separated by a muscular wall that
prevents the mixing of the blood rich in oxygen with the blood rich in carbon dioxide.
Pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries carbon dioxide rich blood from heart to the
lungs.
10. If the structure marked X in the diagram given below is blocked, then which of the processes
will not occur?

(a) Transpiration and respiration

(b) Transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration
(c) Respiration, transpiration and transportation
(d) Respiration and photosynthesis
Ans. (c) Respiration, transpiration and transportation

11. In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to
short plants in F2 is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 2 : 1
Ans: (c) 1 : 1

12. A cylindrical conductor of length l and uniform area of cross section A has resistance R.
Another conductor of length 2l and resistance R of the same material has area of crosssection:
(a) A/2 (b) 3A/2 (c) 2A (d) 3A
Ans. (c) 2A

13. As per Michael Faraday, the forefinger, middle finger and thumb indicate the direction of:
(a) magnetic field, force and current respectively.
(b) magnetic field, current and force respectively.
(c) current, force and magnetic field respectively.
(d) force, magnetic field and current respectively.
Ans: (b) magnetic field, current and force respectively
The direction of force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is
given by Fleming's left-hand rule which states that “Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and
the thumb of your left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 direction of the field and the central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point towards
the direction of motion of the conductor, i.e., force.”
14. A uniform magnetic field exists in the plane of paper pointing from left to right as shown in
below Figure. In the field an electron and a proton move as shown. The electron and the proton
experience

(a) forces both pointing into the plane of paper

(b) forces both pointing out of the plane of paper
(c) forces pointing into the plane of paper and out of the plane of paper, respectively
(d) force pointing opposite and along the direction of the uniform magnetic field respectively
Ans: (a) forces both pointing into the plane of the paper
Direction of movement of electron is opposite to the direction of electric current. This will make
the current move upwards. If the index finger shows the direction of magnetic field, ring finger
shows the current direction and direction of thumb into paper.

15. The hetero atoms present in CH3—CH2—O—CH2—CH2—Cl are

(i) Oxygen (ii) Carbon (iii) Hydrogen (iv) Chlorine
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (iii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iv)
Ans: (d) (i) and (iv)

16. In humans, the life processes are controlled and regulated by:
(a) reproductive and endocrine system (b) respiratory and nervous system
(c) endocrine and digestive system (d) nervous and endocrine system
Ans: (d) nervous and endocrine system

DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

17. Assertion (A): Hydrogen gas is not evolved when a metal reacts with nitric acid.
Reason (R): Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent.
Ans: (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)

18. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

Reason (R): Lipase hydrolyses fats and oils.
Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Bile helps in emulsification of fats whereas lipase are the enzymes which hydrolyse fats and
oils.
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 19. Assertion: Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number of turns per
unit length in solenoid coil.
Reason: Strength of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the current flowing
through the solenoid.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

20. Assertion(A): Spores are formed in sporangia.

Reason(R): Spores grow into separate individuals in moist conditions.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 26 carry 2 marks each.

21. Observe the given figure: What happens when the tube is heated?

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
Ans: (a) Balanced equation for the reaction taking place on heating copper (II) nitrate in a
boiling tube is given below:

(b) The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

22. Define an ecosystem. Draw a block diagram to show the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
Ans: An ecosystem can be defined as a functional unit of nature, where living organisms
interact among themselves and with the surrounding physical environment.
Assuming 10,000 J of energy is available to the producers, then 1000 J will be available to the
primary consumers, 100 J will be available to secondary consumers and 10 J will be available to
tertiary consumers.

23. What will happen if mucus is not secreted by the gastric glands?
Ans: Gastric glands in stomach release hydrochloric acid, enzyme pepsin and mucus. Mucus
protects the inner lining of stomach from the action of hydrochloric acid and enzyme pepsin. If
mucus is not released, it will lead to erosion of inner lining of stomach, leading to acidity and
ulcers.

24. Why does carbon become stable after sharing four electrons? What type of bond is formed by
sharing?
Ans: The atomic number of carbons is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It is tetravalent
as it has 4 valence electrons. It can neither gain nor lose 4 electrons to acquire the nearest noble
gas configuration. Only way is to share the four valence electrons with the electrons of other
atoms. The type of bond formed by sharing of electrons is covalent bond.
OR
Why are covalent compounds being poor conductors of electricity? Why do covalent
compounds have low melting and boiling points?
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 Ans: Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity as they do not have charged
particles since the electrons are shared between atoms. Covalent compounds have low melting
and boiling points as they have weak inter molecular forces due to which little energy is
required in changing state by overcoming the force of attraction.
25. A student sitting at the back of the classroom cannot read clearly the letters written on the
blackboard. What advice will a doctor give to her? Draw ray diagram for the correction of this
defect.
Ans: If a student cannot see the blackboard distant to her she is suffering from Myopia. Hence
doctor advises concave lens of suitable focal length.

OR
Why do we see a rainbow in the sky only after rainfall?
Ans: Rainbow is caused by dispersion of sunlight by tiny water droplets, present in the
atmosphere. A rainbow is always formed in a direction opposite to that of the Sun. The water
droplets act like small prisms. They refract and disperse the incident sunlight, then reflect it
internally, and finally refract it again when it comes out of the raindrop.

26. Give two examples of decomposers. State their important role in nature.
Ans: Bacteria and fungi are decomposers because bacteria and fungi break down the dead and
decaying organic matter into simpler substances and provide the nutrients back to the soil.
Importance of decomposers in nature are:
(i) They act as natural scavengers.
(ii) They help in recycling of nutrients.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Can two people with brown eyes have a blue-eyed baby? Explain.
Ans: Two people with brown eyes can have a blue-eyed baby but the chances are only 25%
provided both the parents are heterozygous (Bb). Brown eye colour (b) is dominant and blue eye
colour (b) is recessive.

Genotypic ratio: 1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio: 3: 1
The child who inherits ‘B’ chromosome even from one parent will have brown eyes. The child
who inherits ‘b’ chromosomes from both the parents will have blue eyes so the chances of
brown eyed parents to have blue eyed baby is only 25%.
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 28. A chemical compound ‘X’ is used in the soap and glass industry. It is prepared from brine.
(i) Write the chemical name, common name and chemical formula of ‘X’.
(ii) Write the equation involved in its preparation.
(iii) What happens when it is treated with water containing Ca or Mg salts?
Ans: (i) Chemical Name – Sodium Carbonate decahydrate
Common Name – Washing Soda
Chemical Formula - Na2CO3 .10H2O
(ii) NaCl + H2O + CO2 + NH3 —— → NH4Cl + NaHCO3
2NaHCO3 —— — Heat
→ Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2
Na2CO3 + 10H2O —— → Na2CO3 .10H2O
(iii) It helps in removing permanent hardness./ It forms insoluble Ca or Mg salts in the form of
scum.

29. A piece of wire having resistance ‘R’ is cut into four equal parts.
(a) How does the resistance of each part compare with the original resistance?
(b) If the four parts are placed in parallel, how will be the resistance of the combination compare
with the resistance of the original wire?
Ans: (a) As R l, when the wire is cut into four equal pieces, the resistance of each part is R/4
(b) When they are connected in parallel.
1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 16 R
R = R + R + R + R = R+ R+ R+ R = R R p= 16
p 1 2 3 4

30. An object 6 cm in size is placed at 50 cm in front of a convex lens of focal length 30 cm. At
what distance from the lens should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp image of the
object? Find the nature and size of the image. Also draw labelled ray diagram to show the image
formation in this case.
Ans: Given: f = +30 cm, u = –50 cm, h = 6.0 cm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5–3 2 1
By Lens formula, = – = + = – = = =
f v u v f u 30 50 150 150 75
⇒ v = +75 cm

STUDY BOX ACADEMY

 v h' 75 h'
Now, m = = = =
è h ' = –9cm
u h –50 6
Image formed is real, inverted and enlarged.

31. (i) What is an electromagnet? List any two uses.

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram to show how an electromagnet is made.
Ans: (i) A current carrying solenoid is called an electromagnet/when soft iron is placed inside a
solenoid carrying current, the soft iron piece behaves like a magnet so long as electric current
passes through it. The magnet so formed is electromagnet.
Uses: In electric motors, electric bells, (or any other).
(ii)

OR
With the help of a labelled diagram, explain the distribution of magnetic field due to a current
through a circular loop. Why is it that if a current carrying coil has n turns the field produced at
any point is n times as large as that produced by a single turn?
(ii) Draw a pattern of magnetic field formed around a current carrying solenoid. What happens
to the magnetic field when the current through the solenoid is reversed?
Ans: The pattern of the magnetic field lines near the wires of the coil are concentric circles. The
curvature of these curves goes on increasing as we move away from the wire. At the centre of
the circular loop, the field lines are nearly straight.

The magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire at a given point depends directly on the
current passing through it. Therefore, if there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced
is n-times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because the current in each circular
turn has the same direction, and the field due to each turn then just adds up.

32. (a) How does food chain differ from a food web? (b) Make food chains in (i) forest (ii) pond.
Ans: Ans: (a) Food Chain: It is a series of organisms feeding on one another.
Food Web: It is a network of food chains consisting of a number of interlinked food chains.
(b) Food chains in: (i) Forest: Plants → Deer → Lion
(ii) Pond: Aquatic plants → Scorpion Fish → Flamingo

STUDY BOX ACADEMY

 33. How is copper extracted from its sulphide ore ? Explain the various steps supported by chemical
equations. Draw labelled diagram for the electrolytic refining of copper.
Ans: Sulphide ore of copper is heated in air.
2Cu2S + 3O2 → 2Cu2O + 2SO2
2Cu2O + Cu2S → 6Cu + SO

OR
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type of
reaction in each case.
(i) Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and
aluminium oxide.
(ii) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid magnesium
nitride.
(iii) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium chloride
solution and solid iodine.
(iv) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.
Ans: (i) Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) —— → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l) + Heat (Displacement reaction)
(ii) 3Mg(s) + N2(g) —— → Mg3N2(s) (Combination reaction)
(iii) 2KI(aq) + Cl2(g) —— → 2KCl(aq) + I2(s) (Displacement reaction)
(iv) C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) —— → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + Heat
(Oxidation reaction/Combustion reaction)

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. What are esters? How are esters prepared? Write the chemical equation for the reaction
involved. What happens when an ester reacts with sodium hydroxide? Write the chemical
equation for the reaction and also state the name and use of this reaction.
Ans: Esters: Pleasant smelling organic compounds
Esters are formed by the reaction of carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of acid.
Equation: CH3COOH + C2H5OH —— → CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Sodium ethanoate is formed when an ester reacts with sodium hydroxide.
CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH —— → CH3COONa + C2H5OH
Name of Reaction : Saponification
Use : Preparation of soap
OR
What is the difference between soaps and detergents? State in brief the cleansing action of soaps
in removing an oily spot from a fabric. Why are soaps not very effective when a fabric is
washed in hard water? How is this problem resolved?
Ans. Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. Detergents are
generally ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acids.
Cleansing action of soaps: A soap molecule contains a hydrophilic polar end (COO– Na+) and a
hydrophobic non-polar carbon chain. The hydrophobic part is soluble in oil whereas hydrophilic
part is soluble in water. The non-polar end gets attached to oily or greasy particle on the cloth
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 and the polar end remains in the water. This results in the formation of cluster. When the cloth is
agitated, the grease or dirt gets removed along with the soap molecules.
Soaps do not form lather in hard water because hard water contains calcium and magnesium
salts. Soap molecules react with calcium and magnesium salts to form an insoluble precipitate
called scum.
This problem is resolved by using detergents in hard water or by boiling hard water. The
charged ends of detergents do not form insoluble precipitates with the calcium and magnesium
ions present in hard water. Thus, they remain effective in hard water.

35. (i) How will you infer with the help of an experiment that the same current flows through every
part of the circuit containing three resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series connected to a battery of V
volts?
(ii) Study the following circuit and find out:

(a) Current in 12 Ω resistor.

(b) Difference in the readings of A1 and A2, if any.
Ans: (i) (a) Three resistors R1, R2, R3 are joined.

(b) They are connected with the battery and ammeter and a plug key.
(c) The ammeter reading is noted.
(d) Position of ammeter is changed to different position and readings taken each time.
(e) The reading remain same.
(ii)
⇒ I = 6/24 = 0.25 Ampere
(b) Same readings of A1 and A2
36. What is sexual reproduction? Explain how this mode of reproduction gives rise to more viable
variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution?
Ans: Sexual reproduction is a natural mode of reproduction which involves two individuals
followed by gamete formation. During sexual reproduction, at the time of gamete formation,
meiotic cell division takes place. During meiosis, crossing over between non-sister chromatids
of homologous chromosomes occurs which brings about new genetic combinations to be

STUDY BOX ACADEMY

 transferred to new generation. Crossing over is the fundamental cause of origin of variations in
sexually reproducing organisms.
Whereas, in asexual reproduction, chance of variations can only occur when there is inaccurate
copying of DNA as only one individual is involved. The variations caused by crossing over in
sexually reproducing organisms are subjected to the selection process. Natural selection selects
those variations which have more adaptive value and guide them towards evolution of new
species. In this way, sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations for evolution.
OR
(a) What are dominant and recessive traits?
(b) "Is it possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed in the next generation?" Give
a suitable example to justify this statement.
Ans: (a) Dominant traits: The trait which expresses itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) traits is known as dominant character (trait).
Recessive trait: The trait which do not express itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) trait.
(b) Yes

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
A student added 10 g of calcium carbonate in a rigid container, secured it tightly and started to
heat it. After some time, an increase in pressure was observed, the pressure reading was then
noted at intervals of 5 mins and plotted against time, in a graph as shown below.

(i) During which interval did maximum decomposition took place?

(ii) Marble statues are corroded or stained when they repeatedly come into contact with polluted
rain water. Identify the main reason.

(iii) What happens when calcium carbonate decompose? What could be done to increase the rate
of decomposition of CaCO3?
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 OR
(iii) Is decomposition of limestone endothermic? Give reason.
Ans: (i) During 0–5 mins, maximum increase in pressure was observed. So, maximum
decomposition took place.
(ii) Polluted water is acidic in nature hence it reacts with calcium carbonate
(iii) Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating to form calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. The
rate of calcium carbonate decomposition increases when steam is applied. A catalytic effect
occurs since the activation energy decreases without byproducts formation.
OR
(iii) The decomposition of limestone (CaCO3) to make lime (CaO) is also an endothermic
process. It is necessary to heat limestone to a high temperature for this reaction to occur.

38. Case Study - 2

Dispersion of light occurs when white light is separated into its different constituent colors
because of refraction and Snell's law.
From Snell's law it can be seen that the angle of refraction of light in a prism depends on the
refractive index of the prism material.

Color l(nm) Freq. (Hz)

Red 760–647 4.3 × 1014
Orange 647-585 4.3 × 1014
Yellow 585-575 5.2 × 1014
Green 575-491 5.6 × 1014
Blue 491-424 6.6 × 1014

Since the refractive index varies with wavelength, the angle that the light is refracted by will
also vary with wavelength, causing an angular separation of the colors known as angular
dispersion.
For visible light, refraction indices n of most transparent materials (e.g., air, glasses) decrease
with increasing wavelength l:
Colour Wavelength Crown Flint
(nm) glass glass
Violet 396.9 1.533 1.663
Blue 486.1 1.523 1.639
Yellow 589.3 1.517 1.627
Red 656.3 1.515 1.622

Most often seen in recently made puddles on the sides of roads, the oil refracts light much the
same way a rainbow does. Simply put, the thin layer of oil floating on top of the water refracts
the light which then bounces back up off the water underneath, splitting the light rays creating a
pool of rainbow colours.
(a) Which ray is least deviated by a prism?
(b) Which colour of light which has the minimum velocity in the glass prism?
(c) Which optical phenomenon is involved in formation of rainbow?
OR
(c) What is the angle of deviation (d) of a prism?
STUDY BOX ACADEMY
 Ans: (a) Red ray is least deviated by a prism as the refractive index of glass is least for red.
(b) Violet has the least wavelength among the colours of the visible spectrum. It has the
minimum velocity.
(c) Formation of rainbow is due to dispersion of sunlight by the tiny droplets of water present in
the atmosphere. Twinkling of stars and early sunrise are due to atmospheric refraction.
OR
(c) The angle between the emergent ray and the incident ray is known as the angle of deviation
of a prism as shown in the following figure:

39. Case Study – 3

Sahil performed an experiment to study the inheritance pattern of genes. He crossed tall pea
plants (TT) with short pea plants (tt) and obtained all tall plants in F1 generation.
(i) What will be set of genes present in the F1 generation?
(ii) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.
(iii) When F1 plants were self-pollinated, a total of 800 plants were produced. How many of
these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the genotype of F2 generation.
OR
(iii) When F1 plants were cross - pollinated with plants having tt genes, a total of 800 plants
were produced. How many of these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the
genotype of F2 generation.
Ans:

(i) Tt
(ii) Traits like ‘T’ are called dominant traits, while those that behave like ‘t’ are called recessive
traits. Alternatively: Law of dominance of traits– In a cross between a pair of contrasting
characters, only one parental character will be expressed in F1 generation which is called
dominant trait and the other is called recessive trait.
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 For example – in pea plants,

All plants in F1 generation were tall proving that the gene for tallness is dominant over the gene
for dwarfness/short, which is not able to express itself in the presence of dominant trait.
(iii) Out of 800 plants, 600 plants will be tall and 200 plants will be small
The genotype of F2 generation is 1 TT: 2Tt: 1tt
OR
(iii) In the cross between Tt × tt, 400 Tall (Tt) and 400 short (tt) plants will be produced.
The genotype of F2 generation is 1Tt:1tt

STUDY BOX ACADEMY