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Lecture 7- 11-Feb-2025

The document discusses the Java standard class library, which is a collection of pre-built classes and methods essential for Java programming. It explains the organization of classes into packages, the use of import declarations, and provides an example of the Random class for generating pseudo-random numbers. Additionally, it highlights the importance of managing class names to avoid conflicts when using classes from different packages.

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9 views

Lecture 7- 11-Feb-2025

The document discusses the Java standard class library, which is a collection of pre-built classes and methods essential for Java programming. It explains the organization of classes into packages, the use of import declarations, and provides an example of the Random class for generating pseudo-random numbers. Additionally, it highlights the importance of managing class names to avoid conflicts when using classes from different packages.

Uploaded by

mansouranthony54
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

Outline

Creating Objects
The String Class
Packages
Formatting Output
Enumerated Types
Wrapper Classes

3-20
Class Libraries
• A class library is a collection of classes that we can use when developing
programs
• The Java standard class library is part of any Java development
environment.
• Its classes are not part of the Java language itself but provide essential
functionality.
• Various classes we've already used (System , Scanner, String) are
part of the Java standard class library
• Other class libraries can be obtained through third party vendors, or you
can create them yourself

Java Standard Class Library = A collection of pre-built classes and methods provided by Java. 3-21
Packages
• The classes of the Java standard class library are organized into packages
• The Java Standard Library is a collection of packages.
• Some of the packages in the standard class library are:
Package Purpose

java.lang General support (System , String, Math)


java.applet Creating applets for the web
java.awt Graphics and graphical user interfaces
java.net Network communication
java.util Utilities (Contains Scanner, ArrayList, HashMap, etc.)

A package is like a folder that groups related classes together.


This structure prevents name conflicts and makes projects easier to manage.
3-22
Examples of Built-in Java Packages in the Standard Class Library
The import Declaration
• When you want to use a class from a package, you could use its fully qualified name
java.util.Scanner

• Or you can import the class, and then use just the class name
import java.util.Scanner;

3-24
The import Declaration
• To import all classes in a particular package, you can use the * wildcard character
import java.util.*;

• All classes of the java.lang package are imported automatically into all programs
• It's as if all programs contain the following line:
import java.lang.*;
• That's why we didn't have to import the System or String classes explicitly in earlier programs
• The Scanner class, on the other hand, is part of the java.util package, and therefore must
be imported
• What we do if two classes from different packages have the same name ? Use fully qualified name

3-25
The Random Class
• The Random class is part of the java.util package
• It provides methods that generate pseudo-random numbers
• A Random object performs complicated calculations to produce a
stream of seemingly random values
float nextFloat(); 0.0 ( inclusive) – 1 (exclusive)/random float between 0 and 1
int nextInt(); returns any random integer, including positive and negative val
int nextInt( int num); generates a random integer from 0 to num (excluding num).

• See RandomNumbers.java (page 126)

3-26
RandomNumbers.java
import java.util.Random;
public class RandomNumbers
{// Generates random numbers in various ranges.
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Random generator = new Random();
int num1;
float num2;
num1 = generator.nextInt();
System.out.println ("A random integer: " + num1);
num1 = generator.nextInt(10);
System.out.println ("From 0 to 9: " + num1);
num1 = generator.nextInt(10) + 1;
System.out.println ("From 1 to 10: " + num1);
num1 = generator.nextInt(15) + 20;
System.out.println ("From 20 to 34: " + num1);
num1 = generator.nextInt(20) - 10;
System.out.println ("From -10 to 9: " + num1);
num2 = generator.nextFloat();
System.out.println ("A random float (between 0-1): " + num2);
num2 = generator.nextFloat() * 6; // 0.0 to 5.999999
num1 = (int)num2 + 1;
System.out.println ("From 1 to 6: " + num1);
}
} 3-27
The Random Class using a Seed

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