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GCSE
3430UE0-1 S19-3430UE0-1

SCIENCE (Double Award)

Unit 5 – CHEMISTRY 2
HIGHER TIER

THURSDAY, 16 MAY 2019 – MORNING

1 hour 15 minutes

For Examiner’s use only

Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded

3 43 0UE01
1. 15

01
2. 7
3. 6
4. 15
5. 11
ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
6. 6
In addition to this examination paper
you will need a calculator and a ruler. Total 60

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Do not use gel pen. Do not use correction fluid.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. If you run out of space, use the additional
page at the back of the booklet, taking care to number the question(s) correctly.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
Question 6 is a quality of extended response (QER) question where your writing skills will be
assessed.
The Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper and the formulae for some common
ions on the inside of the back cover.

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Answer all questions.

1. Crude oil can be separated into simpler mixtures, called fractions, which contain hydrocarbon
compounds with boiling points in a similar range.

(a) The table lists the properties of some fractions obtained from crude oil.

Number of
Boiling point Colour of Flame when Ease of
Fraction carbon atoms
range (°C) fraction burning burning
in fraction
fuel oil 1-4 –170 to 20 colourless clean very easy
petrol 5-10 20 to 70 pale yellow clean easy
naphtha 8-12 70 to 120 yellow some soot quite easy
kerosene 10-16 120 to 240 dark yellow smoky quite difficult
diesel oil 15-30 240 to 350 brown smoky difficult

Use the information in the table to describe how the burning of the fractions depends
upon the size of the molecules. [2]

(b) The boiling points of hydrocarbons containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms are shown in the
table below. The boiling point for the hydrocarbon with 7 carbon atoms is missing.

Number of carbon atoms Boiling point (°C)

1 –165
2 –90
3 –40
4 10
5 35
6 70
7
8 125
9 150
10 175
11 195
12 215

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(i) Complete the bar chart below. Some of the bars have already been drawn. [2]

250

200

150

100

50
Boiling point (°C)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of carbon atoms

–50

–100

–150

–200

(ii) Use a ruler to draw a trend line on the chart and use this to estimate the boiling
point of the hydrocarbon with 7 carbon atoms. [2]

Boiling point ....................................................... °C

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(c) Many of the fractions obtained from crude oil are used as fuels.

(i) The fire triangle shows the factors necessary to start and maintain a fire.

State one method that could be used to safely put out a small amount of spilled
petrol burning on the floor. Give the reason why your chosen method would work.
[1]

Method

Reason

(ii) One of the hydrocarbons in petrol is pentane, C5H12.

Complete and balance the symbol equation for the complete combustion of
pentane. [2]

C5H12 + 8O2 ........................................ + ........................................

(iii) Hydrogen fuel cells are now used in many cars instead of petrol. The overall change
inside a hydrogen fuel cell is the same as when hydrogen burns.

Explain why using hydrogen fuel cells in cars is better for the environment than
petrol. [2]

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(d) It is possible to compare the energy released when different fuels are burned using the
following apparatus.

thermometer

100 g water

spirit burner
fuel

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To calculate the energy released per gram of fuel burned, the following equation is used.

energy released mass of water × 4.2 × temperature rise (°C)

=
per gram of fuel (J / g) mass of fuel used (g)

(i) Apart from measuring the mass of water, describe all the measurements that
would need to be taken to be able to calculate the energy released per gram of fuel
burned. [2]

(ii) When comparing the energy released from different fuels, 100 g of water should be
used each time. State one other variable that should be controlled. [1]

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(iii) Tick (√) the energy profile diagram that represents the combustion of fuels. [1]

Energy

Energy
Reaction progress Reaction progress
Energy

Energy

Reaction progress Reaction progress

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2. (a) Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide.

Using the electronic structures below, draw dot and cross diagrams to show how bonding

takes place during the formation of magnesium oxide. Include the electronic structures of
the ions formed. [3]

magnesium = 2,8,2 oxygen = 2,6

(b) The melting points of magnesium oxide and sodium chloride are given below.

Substance Melting point (°C)

sodium chloride 801

magnesium oxide 2852

Explain why there is a difference in their melting points even though they are both ionic
substances. [2]

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(c) Using the electronic structures below, draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding
in a molecule of carbon dioxide, CO2. [2]

carbon = 2,4 oxygen = 2,6

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3. When two different metals are connected in a cell, the metal with the higher reactivity
transfers its electrons to the other metal.

The potential difference produced between pairs of metals can be used to place them in order
of reactivity. The bigger the potential difference, the bigger the difference in reactivity.

(a) The following apparatus was used to investigate the reactivity of four different metals, A,
B, C and D, compared with copper.

strip of
copper strip of other metal
metal

electrolyte

Each metal was placed separately into a cell with a copper strip. The potential difference
was recorded for each metal and the results are shown below.

Metal Potential difference (V) Direction of electron flow

A 0.3 copper → metal A
B 0.6 metal B → copper
C 1.1 metal C → copper
D 0.8 copper → metal D

Use the information to place metals A, B, C and D in order of their reactivity in relation to
copper. [2]

most reactive 1. ............................................................

2. ............................................................

3. copper

4. ............................................................

5. ............................................................

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(b) The reactivity of four other metals, W, X, Y and Z, was also investigated using the same
apparatus. Some of the results are shown in the following table.

Pair of metals Potential difference Direction of

in the cell (V) electron flow

W and X 1.2 W→X

W and Y 0.9 Y→W

W and Z 0.8

Y and Z Y→Z

The order of reactivity of these four metals is as follows.

most reactive
Y

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W

11
X

Use this information to give

(i) the direction of the electron flow when W and Z are placed in the cell, [1]

(ii) the potential difference for the cell with metals Y and Z. [1]

............................................................ V

(c) When copper and zinc are placed into the cell, the following reaction takes place.

Cu2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Cu

Explain how this reaction shows both oxidation and reduction. [2]

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4. In a class experiment, Dylan and Joel were given a solution of sodium carbonate containing
5.23 g of sodium carbonate powder dissolved in 500 cm3 of water.

The relative formula mass (Mr) of sodium carbonate is 106.

(a) Use this information to calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate in the 5.23 g
of the powder. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. [2]

Number of moles = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . mol

(b) Dylan and Joel were asked to use the sodium carbonate solution to prepare a sample of
sodium sulfate crystals in a three-stage process.

In the first stage of their preparation, they used the following apparatus to carry out a
titration.

sulfuric acid

25 cm3 of sodium carbonate

solution and indicator

The equation for the reaction taking place is as follows.

Na2CO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

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(i) A trial run was carried out and the titration repeated three times. The volume of acid
added each time was recorded.

Trial 1 2 3

Volume of sulfuric acid

30.20 27.55 27.75 27.65
added (cm3)

I. State the purpose of carrying out a trial run. [1]

II. State whether the sulfuric acid or the sodium carbonate solution is the more
concentrated. Give the reason for your answer. [1]

(ii) Use all of the information provided to describe in detail the other two stages Dylan
and Joel carried out to obtain pure sodium sulfate crystals. [4]

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(c) Sodium sulfate solution is also formed when sodium hydroxide solution reacts with
copper(II) sulfate solution.

(i) Give the balanced symbol equation for this reaction. [3]

(ii) Describe tests that can be carried out to identify both of the ions in sodium sulfate
solution. Give the expected observation for both tests. [2]

(d) The reaction occurring between solutions of sodium carbonate and magnesium sulfate
forms a precipitate of magnesium carbonate.

Write the ionic equation for the formation of magnesium carbonate. [2]

........................................................ + ........................................................ ........................................................

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5. In 1985, a new allotrope of carbon was discovered and named buckminsterfullerene. This
allotrope consists of sixty carbon atoms joined together to resemble a shape similar to that of a
football (Figure 1), only ten septillion (10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) times smaller.

This form of carbon was named after the architect Buckminster Fuller, famous for designing
geodesic domes, as shown in Figure 2.

1.1 nm

Figure 1 Figure 2

The structure of buckminsterfullerene is a truncated icosahedron, consisting of 20 hexagons

and 12 pentagons that intersperse to form a spherical structure. Within the structure, each
carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms and no pentagon has a joining edge with
another pentagon.

Other spherical allotropes of carbon, called fullerenes, have since been made. These include
balls consisting of seventy, seventy-six and eighty-four carbon atoms. Together, they have
become known as ‘Buckyballs’.

Fullerenes have high melting points and boiling points. They also have a high density and a
large surface area for their size.

Today, fullerenes are at the heart of nanotechnology – the study of atomic scale structures and
devices. This provides many exciting new research possibilities for scientists including their
potential uses in catalysts, lubricants and in nano-tubes for strengthening materials and as a
way of delivering drugs into the body.

Nano-tubes are fullerenes that are used to reinforce graphite in tennis rackets because they are
very strong. They are also used as semiconductors in electrical circuits.

The nano-tube’s structure also allows it to be used as a container for transporting a drug in
the body. A molecule of the drug can be placed inside the nano-tube cage. This keeps the
drug ‘wrapped up’ until it reaches the site where it is needed. In this way, a dose that might be
damaging to other parts of the body can be delivered safely to, for example, a tumour.

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(a) Tick (√) all the statements that correctly describe buckminsterfullerene. [2]

its structure has 32 faces

it has a relative molecular mass of 60

it is an allotrope of carbon

it has a giant ionic structure

it is a hydrocarbon compound

it is a smart material

it is 1 × 1025 times smaller than a football

(b) (i) Use the following formula to calculate the number of edges that a molecule of
buckminsterfullerene has. [2]

total number of sides of all pentagons and hexagons

number of edges =
2

Number of edges = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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(ii) Calculate, in m3,
the approximate volume of a buckminsterfullerene molecule.
Write your answer to three significant figures and in standard form. [3]

4 3
volume = πr
3
π = 3.14 r = radius

1 nm = 1 × 10 –9 m

Volume = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m3

(c) Give the main reason why the structure of fullerenes has resulted in there being an
interest in developing their use as catalysts. [1]

(d) State why some people might oppose the use of fullerenes in drug delivery systems in the
body. [1]

(e) One student said that Buckyballs should be good electrical conductors but her friend
disagreed.

Use your knowledge of bonding and structure to give one reason that each student could
use to support their argument. [2]

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6. Discuss what is meant by isomerism in alkanes and alkenes using compounds with the molecular
formulae C4H10 and C4H8 to illustrate your answer. [6 QER]

6
END OF PAPER

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Examiner
Question Additional page, if required. only
number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin.

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Examiner
Question Additional page, if required. only
number Write the question number(s) in the left-hand margin.

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FORMULAE FOR SOME COMMON IONS

POSITIVE IONS NEGATIVE IONS

Name Formula Name Formula

aluminium Al3+ bromide Br –

ammonium NH4+ carbonate CO32–
barium Ba2+ chloride Cl –
calcium Ca2+ fluoride F–
copper(II) Cu2+ hydroxide OH –
hydrogen H+ iodide I–
iron(II) Fe2+ nitrate NO3 –
iron(III) Fe3+ oxide O2–
lithium Li+ sulfate SO42–
magnesium Mg2+
nickel Ni2+
potassium K+
silver Ag+
sodium Na+
zinc Zn2+

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 THE PERIODIC TABLE

24
1 2 Group 3 4 5 6 7 0

1 4
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1 2

7 9 11 12 14 16 19 20
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

© WJEC CBAC Ltd.

23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
24

Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton

(3430UE0-1)
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

86 88 89 91 93 96 99 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

133 137 139 179 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 210 210 222
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
223 226 227
Fr Ra Ac
Francium Radium Actinium
87 88 89 Key

relative atomic mass

Ar
Symbol
Name atomic number
Z