UNIT 9.

WORLD ENGLISHES
A. PHONETICS
I. Mark the stress on the correct syllable for the following words.
1. relation 2. identity 3. charity 4. ability
5. revision 6. function 7. decision 8. activity
9. clarity 10. education 11. intention 12. operation
13. community 14. quality 15. nation 16. nationality
17. discussion 18. obesity 19. possibility 20. position
II. Put the words into the correct columns according to their stress
pattern.
majority, population, quality, recognition, reality, community, construction,
relation, creation, education, ability, diversity, activity, decision, operation,
purity, security, exhibition, identity, charity

oOo ooOo Ooo oOoo

B. VOCABULARY and GRAMMAR

I. Match the verb or phrasal verb with its definition.
1. exchange a. the language that someone learns to speak first
student
2. bilingual b. (of circles) having the same centre
3. immigrant c. (of spelling, pronunciation, grammar, etc.) believed to be
 correct and used by most people
4. first language d. able to speak, read or write a language, especially a
foreign language, easily and well
5. official e. a different type of something
language
6. fluent f. a student who goes to a foreign country to study, usually
as a part of a programme
7. concentric g. all the words in a particular language
8. variety h. able to speak two languages equally well; using two
languages
9. standard i. the language that is accepted by a country’s government,
is taught in schools, used in the courts of law, etc.
10. vocabulary j. a person who has come to a different country in order to
live there permanently
Your answers:
1. ___ 2. ___ 3. ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 6. ___ 7. ___ 8. ___ 9. ___ 10.
___
II. Complete the sentences with the phrases in part I. Use the plural form
if necessary.
1. Although we are taught ____________ English at school, we often use slang at
home.
2. There are several regional ____________ of English such as General Australian or
General American.
3. He speaks perfect English, but his ____________ which he has known since birth
is French.
4. I find studying English ____________ very difficult as I can’t remember all the
words.
5. Being good at English will help the ____________ get adapted well to the US.
6. As a(n) ____________ for a semester in Canada, you may get the opportunity to
learn both English and French.
7. To become ____________ in English, you have to be exposed to an English-
speaking environment.
8. The United Nations and the European Union use English as a(n) ____________.
9. Since Maria is ____________, she can speak both German and Spanish fluently.
10. Kachru’s 3 ____________ circles model provides a way of looking at the
expansion and use of the English language.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs or phrasal
verbs in the box.
copy go over mean propose establish
translate look up pick up consist of follow
1. When marking students’ exercises, teachers have to ____________ standard
English.
2. This English center has ____________ a reputation for academic excellence.
3. She ____________ a few words of Spanish when she was in Mexico last year.
4. I think it’s very difficult for an Englishman to ____________ a real American
accent.
5. Ms. Mollya ____________ plan to form an English speaking club last year.
6. You should ____________ your essay for spelling mistakes before you hand it in.
7. The word “kucing” ____________ “cat” in the Malay language.
8. It’s hard to ____________ Arabic into English because of the number of dialects.
9. “If you ____________ every new word you see or hear, you will spend your whole
day with the dictionary in your hand.”
10. The United Kingdom ____________ England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern
Ireland.
IV. Match the words in British English with those in American English so
that they mean the same.
British English American English
1. trousers _____ a. French fries
2. football _____ b. sweater
3. lorry _____ c. store
4. flat _____ d. pants
5. chips _____ e. elevator
6. chemist _____ f. drugstore
7. holiday _____ g. soccer
 8. jumper _____ h. truck
9. lift _____ i. vacation
10. shop _____ j. apartment
V. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Learning the English parts of speech is a must if you want to learn
_____________.
a. grammar b. vocabulary c. pronunciation d. speaking
2. One example of _____________words is the word “ballet”, which comes from
French.
a. lent b. borrowed c. compound d. foreign
3. Chinese and English are both _____________languages of Hong Kong under the
Hong Kong Basic Law.
a. original b. foreign c. official d. first
4. Australian English is spoken as the _____________language by most people in
Australia.
a. foreign b. first c. second d. international
5. In China, Japan and Vietnam, English is spoken as a(n) _____________ language.
a. second b. foreign c. official d. primary
6. Another way of conceptualizing learning in English is to view it through the lens
of the various _____________ of the subject.
a. rules b. varieties c. standards d. models
7. They invited some famous _____________ to be the judges for an English
debating contest.
a. coaches b. doctors c. linguists d. accountants
8. _____________ to the United States have to pass a test of competence in English.
a. Migrants b. Migration c. Immigration d. Immigrants
9. A _____________ dictionary is a specialized dictionary used to translate words or
phrases from one language to another.
a. monolingual b. bilingual c. trilingual d. multilingual
10. Besides Spanish, her _____________ tongue, she can also speak Portuguese and
English.
a. accent b. foreign c. first d. mother
VI. Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Decide if the relative
pronoun is the subject (S) or object (O) of the relative clause.
1. English as we know it has its origin in Germanic tribes who migrated to the UK.
2. This is a five-week French literacy program which the students choose the
most.
3. I have narrowed it down to two English books that need to be read this month.
4. I will have a two-week summer holiday with my sister who is living in London.
5. Our accent is a symbol which reflects our social and cultural background.
6. The professor who we respect can communicate fluently in three languages.
7. We love the beautiful accent that the French have when they speak English.
8. The new friend who we are studying English with comes from Quebec in
Canada.
9. In Asia, India leads as the country with a high number of people who can speak
English.
10. The information which we received from our English tour guide was so
confusing.
VII. Fill in the blank with a suitable relative pronoun. Write  where the
relative pronoun can be omitted.
1. Can you give me back the money _____________ I lent you last month?
2. They complained about the wrong goods _____________ were sent to them.
3. This is Susan _____________ husband works in the sales department.
4. The advice _____________ Sam gave me was quite helpful in memorizing
vocabulary.
5. The people _____________ speak English as a first language make up 9.6% of
South Africa’s total population.
6. 50% of English-language science writing are created by researchers
_____________ native language is not English.
7. Enter the address of the person _____________ you want to forward the message
to.
8. Elsa seemed like the kind of person to _____________ happiness came almost
naturally.
9. What is the name of the woman _____________ used to read the news on BBC?
10. Students _____________ want to study in the UK need to have at least an upper
intermediate level of English.
11. Can you name the artist _____________ famous painting is called ‘The Girl with
the Pearl Earring’?
12. I enjoy practicing English with the friend with _____________ I’m sharing the
dormitory.
13. Irish English have varieties _____________ show many features deriving from
the historical shift from Irish to English.
14. Marie Curie is one of the scientists _____________ I admire most.
15. Apollo 11 was the spaceflight _____________ landed the first two people on the
Moon.
VIII. Tick () the correct sentences. Correct the false ones.
1. In this book, there are grammar references which help explain the verb tenses.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
2. Word games help you learn new words are a great tool for expanding your
vocabulary.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
3. An adverb is a word decribes or modifies a verb or an adjective.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
4. I often spend 2-3 hours a day watching TV programs whose language is
English.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
5. The student whom Mr. Josh criticized last time has improved his English a lot.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
6. A native speaker is someone has spoken a language since they were a baby.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
7. This app provides short films which show you how to use an English word
correctly.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
8. The students love languages and world literature can join the school book club.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
9. Annie is going to meet her pen friend with she often exchanges English emails.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
10. The people we befriended in Australia are immigrants from Asian countries.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
IX. Combine the two sentences using defining relative clauses.
1. I met a woman at the conference. Her husband is a well-known linguist.
 I met
2. What would you do with the scholarship? You were offered it this month.
 What
3. I don’t really like the woman. She is in charge of the Marketing Department.
 I don’t
4. I have never met the man. He gave me a lift this morning.
 The man
5. Scientists are working with stem cells. Stem cells will revolutionize medicine.
 Scientists
6. Most of the books are still popular today. I read them as a child.
 Most of the books
7. We studied at a private school. It only allowed students to communicate in
English.
 We studied
8. The book is about Gagarin’s flight to the space. Mr. Henry gave it to me.
 The book
9. I want to introduce you to Mrs. Black. Her husband is a software engineer at
Google, Inc.
 I want
10. The Nation Air and Space Museum has been renovated. We visited it last year.
 The Nation Air and Space Museum
X. Make a defining relative clause from the two sentences.
1. Social media networks are an excellent tool. You can use them to promote your
business.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
2. You can buy the pasta from that Italian shop. It has just opened in the high
street.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
3. I’ll call the students. I went to London with them last summer.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
4. Can you tell me some English words? The words are both a verb and an
adjective.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
5. I couldn’t find the man. I’d taken his case by mistake.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
6. Sammy is looking for a girl. The girl borrowed her English dictionary yesterday.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
7. The tree only grows in the rainforest. This drug is obtained from it.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
8. People often have very little money to spend on leisure. They have a lot of
leisure time.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
9. They live in that house. Its door is painted the colors of the Canadian flag.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
10. We haven’t seen the friends for ten years. They are coming to visit us this
weekend.
___________________________________________________________________________________
_________________
XI. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. Many English words have origins _____________ trace back to Latin and French.
a. who b. which c. whose d. whom
2. The software _____________ helps with English pronunciation has received
excellent reviews.
a. that b. who c. whom d. whose
3. People _____________ are fluent in English can access a vast amount of
information online.
a. which b. whom c. whose d. who
4. My best friend is the one with _____________ I often practice speaking English.
a. that b. which c. whose d. whom
5. English words origins are _____________ in French often relate to cuisine and
culture.
a. whose b. which c. who d. that
6. English is a global language _____________ connects people from different
countries.
a. who b. whose c. that d. whom
7. English learners _____________ practice regularly improve their fluency and
confidence.
a. whom b. who c. which d. whose
8. There are many dialects of English _____________ one another in vocabulary and
pronunciation.
a. which different from b. from that they differ
c. dial differ from d. whose difference is
9. Linguists _____________ analyse ns historical development and variations.
a. whose English language they study
b. who study the English language
c. that they study the English language
d. studied the English language
10. A mother tongue is the first language _____________.
a. who speaks to a person b. a person learns to speak
c. from whom a person learns d. which a person learns
XII. Fill In each blank with a suitable preposition.
1. Linda picked _________ a bit of Italian when she was staying in Pisa.
2. Before you submit your essay, remember to go _________ the spelling.
3. Many of the students are bilingual _________ Spanish and English.
4. I lost of the borrowed words consists _________ just one word. such as pizza or
ballet.
5. She's fluent _________ Polish and French and can speak a little Italian.
6. English is taught at school _________ a second language in many countries.
7. She works for the United Nations. Translating _________ English into French.
8. Based on his accent. I guess that he comes _________ northern England.
9. For some reasons. my teacher thinks that I'm not good enough _________
languages.
10. India, colonized by the UK until the mid-20th century, has around 2b5 million
speakers _________ English.

c. SPEAKING
I. Choose the best answer to complete the conversations.
1. A: I heard you have a big presentation tomorrow. _____________________
B: Thank you so much.
a. I promise I'll try my best. b. I appreciate your effort.
c. I wish you all the best of luck! d. Don't worn about me.
2. A: Good luck with your IELTS exam next week!
B: _____________________
a. I’m not taking anything. b. I’d love to. Thanks a lot.
c. Yes, I agree with you. d. Thanks. I’ll try my best.
3. A: I need to finish this report by tomorrow.
B: _____________________ The deadline is really close.
a. Let’s take a small break. b. You must start working on it now.
c. I’m sorry about everything. d. Don’t worry about me.
4. A: I know you enter an English contest this week. Break a leg!
B: _____________________
a. Thanks a bunch. b. I like that contest a lot.
c. Welcome to the contest! d. My leg is better now.
5. A: _____________________ I have a doctor’s appointment.
B: Sure. You can leave at 3 p.m.
a. Could you do me a favour? b. May I go out right now?
c. Can I leave early today? d. Would you mind leaving now?
II. Put the conversation into the correct order.
___ You can watch those with subtitles. Then, you can figure out the way to talk
and learn the new words also.
_1_ Hey! How did your English exam go?
___ Yes. And I suggest you register on a language learning social media network
or joining language learning groups on Facebook so that you can have a
chance to practice with native speakers.
___ Cool. I remember that our school has one, right?
___ Ok, I will. Thanks.
___ Is there anything else I can do to improve my speaking and listening?
___ I’ve watched movies in English recently, but I don’t understand what they
are saying.
___ Joining an English speaking club can also provide you with precious skills
and experience.
___ Not bad, thanks. I’m just glad it’s over! I find that I still can’t speak English
fluently.
___ Well, do you often watch TV shows or listen to music in English?

d. READING
I. Complete the passage with words from the box.
 nationalities power dialects derived
varieties worldwide dominant second
The term “English” is (1) __________________ from Anglisc, the speech of the Angles
– one of the three Germanic tribes that invaded England during the fifth century.
The English language is the primary language of several countries, including
Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and many of its former
colonies, and the United States, and the (2) __________________ language in a
number of multilingual countries, including India, Singapore, and the Philippines.
It’s an official language in several African countries as well, such as Liberia,
Nigeria, and South Africa, but is spoken (3) __________________ in more than 100.
It’s learned around the world by children in school as a foreign language and often
becomes a common denominator between people of different (4)
__________________ when they meet while traveling, doing business, or in other
contexts.
According to Christine Kenneally in her book The First Word, “Today there are
about 6,000 languages in the world, and half of the world’s population speaks
only 10 of them. English is the single most (5) __________________ of these 10.
British colonialism initiated the spread of English across the globe; it has been
spoken nearly everywhere and has become even more prevalent since World War
II, with the global reach of American (6) __________________.
Just as the United States has regional (7) __________________ and there are
differences in pronunciation and words in British and American English, the
language has local (8) _____________ around the world: American, British,
Canadian, Caribbean, Euro-English, Hinglish, Indian, Irish, Nigerian, Scottish,
Singaporean, Zimbabwean, etc.
II. Read the text carefully, then do the tasks.

English as a global language

People often talk about English as a global language or lingua franca. With more
than 350 million people around the world speaking English as a first language and
more than 430 million speaking it as a second language, there are English
speakers in most countries around the world. Why is English so popular, though?
And why has it become a global language?
People often call English the international language of business, and it’s
increasingly true as international trade expands every year, bringing new
countries into contact. Most multinational companies require a certain degree of
English proficiency from potential employees so in order to get a position with a
top company, more and more people are learning English.
If your ambitions lie in science or medicine, you can’t neglect English either. Much
of the technical terminology is based on English words, and if you want to learn
about the latest developments and discoveries from around the world, you’ll read
about them in journals and research reports published in English, no matter
whether the scientists who wrote them are from China or Norway.
If you want a career in travel, English is absolutely essential. As the international
language of aviation, pilots and cabin crew all need to speak English. Even if
you’re not up in the air, speaking English accurately will ensure you are able to
communicate with clients and suppliers all over the world.
So, what’s stopping you from learning this global language? With all the English
resources available on the internet and so many other English speakers around
the world to practice with, there’s never been a better time to start learning
English. Pick up a book, learn a few words, or even start a course today and take
your first steps towards becoming one of nearly 800 million English speakers in
the world.
(Adapted from: englishlive.ef.com/blog/english-in-the-real-world)
A. Find the word or phrase in bold in the passage that means:
1. in a way that is correct and true in every detail
______________________
2. the activity of flying aircraft
______________________
3. great skill, ability, and experience
______________________
4. a language used for communication between people of different native
languages
______________________
5. to not give enough attention to
 ______________________
6. special words or expressions used in a particular subject or field
______________________
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. The number of people speaking English as a second language ______________.
a. lives in most English speaking countries around the world
b. mostly works at multinational companies
c. is more than one speaking it as mother tongue
d. accounts for less than 400 million people
2. More and more people are learning English in order to ______________.
a. be hired by a top company b. expand international trade
c. require a certain degree d. make contact with foreigners
3. Why is English important if you want to pursue a medical career?
a. Because all journals of the world are published in English.
b. Because most medical researchs are written by English scientists.
c. Because medicine conferences are often held in English.
d. Because many medical terms are English.
4. The noun “steps” used in the phrase “take your first steps” means
______________.
a. movements b. actions c. feet d. stages
5. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
a. Speaking English fluently is necessary even if you are on the ground staff.
b. You can learn English from online resources or other English speakers.
c. It’s better to take online English classes than physical classes.
d. There are nearly 800 million English speakers, both as first and second
language.

e. WRITING
I. Write sentences, using the clues given. You can add extra words or
make changes.
1. learn/ foreign language/ can/ actually/ boost/ your brain power.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
2. Andy/ wish/ he/ can/ speak English/ good/ as a native speaker.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
3. English/ become/ global/ means/ communication/ with/ lot of/ varieties.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
4. The inner circle/ the concentric circles/ consists/ countries/ be/ traditional
bases/ English.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
5. a globalized world/ we/ can/ interact/ people/ speak/ many different languages.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
6. it/ be/ estimate/ about 375 million people/ speak/ English/ regularly/ second
language.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
7. The school/ look/ a foreign teacher/ native language/ English/ present.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
8. If/ you/ want/ be/ fluent English speaker/ have to/ practice/ speak/ English/
regularly.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
9. Linguists/ say/ the English language/ contain/ around/ one million/ words.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
10. long/ English word/ can/ spell/ without/ repeat/ any letters/ be/
“uncopyrightable”.
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
________________
II. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word in capitals.
1. This supervisor professor helped me a lot during my study in the College.
(WHO)
 This is
2. Janet learned a few words of French when she was in Paris last year. (UP)
 Janet
3. My best friend All can speak English fluently. (IN)
 My
4. The summer English course starts in June, and it offers many speaking
activities. (WHICH)
 The summer English course
5. Cullen can speak both Chinese and English perfectly. (BILINGUAL)
 Cullen
6. We invited the new classmate to eat lunch with US yesterday. That new
classmate is very friendly and kind. (WHO)
 The new classmate
7. You have to check your English test very carefully before you hand it in. (GO)
 You
8. Martha started working as a journalist in Australia five years ago. (FOR)
 Martha
9. I haven’t practiced English for ages, so I’m not as good at it as I used to be.
(BECAUSE)
 I’m
10. An plans to go abroad for higher education once he earns enough money. (IF)
 An

TEST FOR UNIT 9

I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from
the others.
1. a. vocabulary b. global c. concentric d. official
2. a. fluency b. punctual c. truck d. multinational
3. a. creation b. decision c. vacation d. translation
4. a. Chinese b. speech c. technical d. touchdown
5. a. simplified b. varied c. mastered d. proposed
6. a. bilingual b. dialect c. establish d. profile
II. Choose the word that has the main stress placed differently from the
others.
1. a. official b. uniform c. fluency d. holiday
2. a. creation b. education c. operation d. information
3. a. bilingual b. establishment c. proficient d. immigration
4. a. stupidity b. flexibility c. simplicity d. variety
5. a. population b. pronunciation c. graduation d. decoration
III. Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence.
1. The article was about the different varieties ___________ English spoken
throughout the world.
a. in b. of c. from d. among
2. Susana ___________ bit of Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
a. looked up b. went over c. picked up d. took in
3. English grammar is said to be difficult to learn ___________ its countless rules
and numerous exceptions to them.
a. thanks to b. in spite of c. because of d.
provided that
4. You don’t need to interrupt your reading to look up every unfamiliar word right
away - it’s better to ___________ first.
a. master b. copy c. translate d. guess
5. ___________ education is the use of two different languages in classroom
instruction.
a. Vocational b. Bilingual c. Monolingual d. Cooperated
6. We paid extra for the VIP package tour ___________ provided us with an English
tour guide.
a. which b. whose c. who d. whom
7. There are some English words __________ meanings can be different depending
on the context.
a. which b. that c. whose d. who
8. The man with ___________ I dined last night will be the next President of Bigfoot.
a. whom b. who c. which d. that
9. “Commence” is a ___________ word native English speakers would use more in
formal settings.
a. harsh b. borrowed c. official d. original
10. “What is the longest English word that doesn’t contain a vowel? I’d say
tsktsks” – “___________”
a. How come? b. Up to you. c. Spot on. d. Of course, it is.
IV. Write the correct form or tense of the verbs in brackets.
1. The number of people learning English __________________ (rise) rapidly in
recent years.
2. Sarah __________________ (apply) for this teaching position as soon as she got an
IELTS certificate.
3. English __________________ (use) as a lingua franca among many airline pilots.
4. Alfred hopes that he _______________ (teach) English at the University of Wales
after graduation.
5. 94% of upper-secondary school students in Europe ________________ (learn)
English at present.
6. Since then, they __________________ (translate) Harry Potter and the
Philosopher's Stone into 78 languages, including Ancient Greek.
7. Mathew told me he __________________ (do) a course in business English at that
moment.
8. When I _________________ (join) the discussion, the other students
_________________ (exchange) interesting facts about English.
9. Worldwide, people often desire __________________ (learn) to speak English.
10. If you want to speak like a native, you should practice __________________
(speak) English with a native speaker.
V. Write the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. They are looking for a Japanese to English _______________ for a conference in
Tokyo. (translate)
2. Despite many English courses, this private school is not a(n) __________________
recognized English language school. (official)
3. She took an advanced course to build up a __________________ in written and
spoken English. (fluent)
4. Most universities in the UK require a certificate of language __________________.
(proficient)
5. Canada is an officially __________________ country, with two official languages:
French and English. (lingual)
6. Between 1788 and 1900, over 1 million people __________________ to Australia.
(immigrant)
7. Because of its global spread, English has several different __________________
around the world. (vary)
8. English is used as the __________________ language of business and aviation.
(globe)
9. The visa is for exchange students who wish to study at any educational
__________________ in the country. (establish)
10. There are English words which share the same spelling but different
_________________. (mean)
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
1. About 500 years ago (A), English began to undergo (B) a major change of (C)
the way its vowels were (D) pronounced.
2. People often ask how many (A) words are there (B) in (C) the English language
(D).
3. The (A) first BBC English language teaching (B) broadcast (C) was in (D) 4th July
1943.
4. Giang is looking for (A) a language partner (B) with who (C) she can practice
English after class (D).
5. In order to (A) mastering (B) English, you should communicate with (C)
foreigners more regularly (D).
6. If you don’t know what (A) that word means (B), try to look (C) it on (D) in the
dictionary.
7. Mother tongue would refer to (A) the language you acquired (B) as a child and
are (C) most fluent on (D).
8. Travelling (A) through a foreign (B) country becomes much more (C) easier if
you can speak (D) the language of that country.
9. The people to who (A) the funds were supposedly (B) directed benefited little
(C) from (D) them.
10. Spanish is spoken (A) in 31 countries who (B) are mostly around (C) Latin
America and in (D) Spain.
VII. Complete the conversation with the sentences from the box (A - F).

A. It's a word that is taken from one language and then integrated into
another.
B. Common borrowed words in English.
C. Some very common borrowed words Include ballet café, karaoke,
piano, and so on.
Andy: Laura, what are you doing?
Laura: (1) ____________________________________________________
Andy: What is the topic?
Laura: (2) ____________________________________________________
Andy: Sounds interesting. What exactly is a borrowed word?
Laura: (3) ____________________________________________________
Andy: Hmm... Can you give me some examples of borrowed words?
Laura: Sure. (4) ____________________________________________________
Andy: Wow. Those words are very familiar. Do they share the same meaning as
their languages of origin?
Laura: In most cases, yes.
Andy: I know that karaoke comes from Japan, and piano originated from Italy.
What about ballet and café?
Laura: (5) ____________________________________________________
Andy: This is new knowledge. I wish you all the best of luck on your presentation.
Laura: (6) ____________________________________________________
VIII. Choose the correct answers to complete the passage.
English is a (1) ____________ language spoken by a lot of people around the world.
Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English as a native or as a second
language. However, when it comes to understanding the difference between
American English (AE) and British English (BE), it is not uncommon to find even
native-English speakers getting (2) ____________.
One of (3) ____________ differences between BE and AE is in terms of vocabulary.
In the UK, for example, they call it a flat, while in America it’s an apartment.
British go on holiday, while Americans go on vacation. Some of the other common
words like trousers, lorry, university and chips come under BE while for AE they
correspond to pants, truck, college and fries.
Another significant difference is the (4) ____________ of certain words, such as
color in AE instead of colour in BE. Verbs that are spelt with ize or ise in BE are
always spelt as ize in AE. For example, it is apologize or apologise in BE but in AE,
it is always apologize.
Aside from spelling and vocabulary, there are certain grammar differences
between BE and AE. For instance, in AE, collective nouns are considered singular
(e.g. The band is playing). In contrast, collective nouns can be (5) ____________
singular or plural in BE, although the plural form is most often used (e.g. The band
are playing). The British are also more likely to use formal speech, such as shall,
whereas Americans (6) ____________ the more informal will or should.
(7) ____________, the differences between British English and American English do
not really make much of a difference when the English language is spoken. For
average listeners, these can be (8) ____________ understood based on context.
However, when it comes to academic writing, it becomes very important to know
what the difference between BE and AE is.
1. a. modern b. regional c. global d. national
2. a. confusing b. confusion c. confusable d. confused
3. a. more evident b. the most c. the least d. less evident
evident evident
4. a. b. rhythm c. intonation d. spelling
pronunciation
5. a. both b. only c. neither d. either
6. a. favour b. dislike c. ignore d. disagree
7. a. To sum up b. As a result c. For this reason d. On the other
hand
8. a. hardly b. easily c. freely d. slowly
IX. Read the passage, then do the tasks.
Learning a new language is always an excellent idea. It provides you incredible
benefits that come with the backing of science! One of the most useful languages
to learn is English.
Learning a second language is one of the best ways to keep your brain active and
challenged. Studies have shown that the brain undergoes changes in electrical
activity and even structure and size while learning a foreign language that do not
occur when learning any other type of task or skill. Learning another language
offers important cognitive benefits at any age, helping to keep the mind active
and even reducing the risk of mental disease and slowing mental decline later in
life.
When learning English as a second language, you approach new ways to think
and express yourself through written and spoken words. Learning multiple
languages can help you communicate more clearly in any language as you learn
more about how language itself works and how to use it to promote ideas and
reach out to others in a variety of social and work situations.
The world may not have a global language, but English is the default option for
countless forms of communication across the globe. That’s why one of the
benefits of learning English is that it significantly boosts your hiring potential. In
addition, It can offer you educational opportunities. If you desire access to some
of the best schools like Harvard, Stanford, Oxford, Cambridge or MIT, then
knowing English provides you an incredible edge. It’s expected that around 2
billion people around the world will learn English over the next decade.
A. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. _____ Leaning English can help to keep your brain sharp.
2. _____ Your brain changes electrical activity, structure and size when you learn a
new language as well as any other type of task or skill.
3. _____ No matter what age you are, there are brain benefits of learning a foreign
language.
4. _____ When you learn a second language, you become better at
communicating.
5. _____ Knowing English can increase your chance of getting a high-paying job. 6.
English gives you a great advantage when applying to some of the best schools.
7. _____ More than two billion people will be learning English in ten years’ time.
B. Choose the correct answer.
1. The passage mainly discusses __________.
a. ways to improve your English level
b. how to keep your mind active
c. the advantages and disadvantages of language learning
d. the benefits of learning English
2. According to the text, learning English as a second language can __________.
a. have a negative effect on the brain
b. slow the mental decline due to aging
c. reduce brain function
d. lower the risk of heart disease
3. Learning multiple languages makes you a better communicator because
__________.
a. you can improve your writing and speaking skills
b. you know how to get the attention of someone
c. you learn more about how to promote your ideas and make contact with others
d. you can communicate more effectively in your mother tongue
4. The word “cognitive” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
__________.
a. mental b. intellectual c. emotional d. subjective
5. What does the word “edge” used in the third paragraph mean?
a. point b. border c. limit d. advantage
6. All the following sentences are the benefits of learning English except
__________.
a. it helps prevent dementia and Alzheimer’s.
b. it provides better employment opportunities.
c. it’s easy to use in communication.
d. it gives you access to the world’s best universities.
X. Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the
first.
1. You can easily form a relationship with some people.
 There are some people
2. Nancy always plays trick on me in front of my classmates.
 Nancy is the one
3. This is the most useful English lesson we’ve ever had.
 We’ve never had a
4. If you don’t practice speaking English regularly, you can’t improve your
speaking skills.
 Unless
5. “Is the singer staying in a penthouse suite that is situated on the top 2 floors?”
 The journalist wanted to know
6. “What language do you think you will learn next year?” Mary asked Jim.
 Mary asked
7. We have decided that your contract will not be renewed.
 It
8. Revising for exams takes up all my time at the moment.
 I’m busy
9. Some people prefer going abroad for holidays to traveling in their own
countries.
 Some people would rather
10. We could look for the information about the history of English on the Internet.
 How