LAMPIRAN I

NST dan Ketidakpastian Alat Ukur

1. Neraca Ohauss 311

BU 0 ,1 g
=0 , 01 g=( 0 , 01 ∙10 ) kg
−3
NST = =
JS 10
1 1
∆ m= ∙ NST = ∙ 0 , 01 g=0,005 g=( 0,005 ∙10 ) kg
−3
2 2

2. Mistar

BU 1 cm
=0 , 1 cm=( 0 , 1.10 ) m
−3
NST = =
JS 10
1 1
∆ x= ∙ NST= ∙ 0 , 1 cm=0 , 05 cm=( 0 ,05 ∙ 10 ) m
−3
2 2

3. Stopwatch Analog

BU 5 s
NST = = =0 , 2 s
JS 25
∆ s=1∙ NST =1∙ 0 , 2=0 , 2

4. Busur Derajat

BU 10
NST = = =1 °
JS 10
1 1
∆ θ= ∙ NST = ∙1 °=0 ,5 °
2 2
 LAMPIRAN II
Rumus dan Rambat Ralat
a. Waktu
t 1+t 2+t 3
t=
N

∆t =
1
N √ N ∙ ∑ t 2 −(∑ t )2
N −1

b. Periode
t −1
T = =t ⋅n  n = konstan
n

∆T= |∂∂Tt ⋅∆ t|
∆T= |
∂ ( t ⋅ n−1 )
∂t
⋅∆t |
∆ T =|n−1 ∆ t|

| |
−1
∆T n ∆t
= −1
T t ⋅n

∆T=
[| |]∆t
t
⋅T

∆T
KR= ×100 %
T
DK =100 %−KR
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s

c. Percepatan gravitasi (g)

2
4π ι 2 −2
g= 2 = 4 π ιT
T

∆ g=
[| ∂g
∂ι
⋅∆ι +
∂g
∂T ||
⋅ ∆T |]
 [| || |]
2 −2 2 −2
∂(4 π ι T ) ∂(4 π ιT )
∆ g= ⋅∆ι + ⋅∆ T
∂ι ∂T

∆ g=[|4 π T ∆ ι|+|4 π ιT ∆ T |]
2 −2 2 −3

[| || |]
2 −2 2 −3
∆g 4 π T ∆ ι 4 π ιT ∆ T
= 2 −2
+ 2 −2
g ∂4π ιT 4π ιT

∆g
g
= [| | | |]
∆ ι −2 ∆ T
ι
+
T

∆ g=
[| | | |]
∆ ι −2 ∆ T
ι
+
T
∙g

∆g
KR= ×100 %
g
DK =100 %−KR
2
PF=( g ± ∆ g ) m/ s

d. Validitas

v= 1−
[ | HDP−x
HDP
.100 % |]
 LAMPIRAN III
Perhitungan Data
 Percobaan 1
Diketahui : ( ι± ∆ι ) m=( 10 , 00 ± 0 ,05 ) ⋅10−2 m
(t ¿¿ 1± ∆ t )s=( 7 , 0 ±0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 2± ∆ t )s=( 7 , 2± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 3 ± ∆ t)s=( 7 , 2± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
( θ ± ∆ θ ) ∘=( 10 , 0 ± 0 ,5 ) ∘
−3
(m ± ∆ m)kg=( 28,650 ± 0,005 ) ⋅ 10 kg
n=¿ 10 ayunan

a) Waktu
t 1+t 2+t 3
t=
N
7 , 0+7 , 2+7 , 2 21 , 4
t= =¿ = 7,133 s
3 3

∆t =
1
N √ N ∙ ∑ t 2 −(∑ t )2
N −1

∆t =
1
3 √ 3 (7 , 0)2(7 ,2)2 (7 , 2)2 −(21 , 4)2
3−1

∆t =
1
3 √ 458 , 04−457 , 96
2

∆t =
1
3 √ 0 ,08
2
1
3√
∆t = 0 , 04

∆t = 0,0667 s
∆T 0 , 06 6 7
KR= ×100 %= ×100 %=0 , 93 50 % → 3 AP
T 7,133
DK =100 %−KR = 100% −¿ 0,9350% = 99,065%
PF=( t ± ∆ t ) s ¿ ( 7,133 0 ± 0 ,06 67 ) s

b) Periode
 t 7,133 0
T= = =0,7133 s
n 10

∆T=
[| |]
∆t
t
⋅T

∆T=
[| |]
0 ,0 6 67
7,133
⋅ 0 ,7133 s

∆ T =0,006 6 7 s
∆T 0 , 0 06 6
KR= ×100 % = ×100 %=0,9392% → 3 AP
T 0,713
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−0,9392%=99,0608 %
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s=( 0,7133 0 ± 0,006 6 7 ) s

c) Percepatan gravitasi (g)

2
4π ι
g= 2
T
2 −2
4 (3 ,14 ) ∙ 10× 10 m
g=¿
(0,7133 s)2
3,9438 m
g=¿ 2
0,5087 s
2
g=7,7527 m/s

∆ g=
[| | | |]
∆ι 2∆T
ι
+
T
∙g

[| || |]
−2
0 , 05 ×10 m 2(0,006 6 7) 2
∆ g= −2
+ ∙ 7,7527 m/s
10× 10 0,7133 0
2
∆ g=( 0,005+0,018)∙ 7,7527 m/ s
2
∆ g=( 0,027)∙ 7,7527 m/ s
2
∆ g=0,1783 m/s
∆g 0,1783
KR= ×100 %= ×100 % = 2,29% → 3 AP
g 7,7527
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−¿ 2,29% = 97,71%
 2 2
PF=( g ± ∆ g ) m/ s = (7,752 ± 0,178 ) m/s

d) Validitas

v= 1−
[ | HDP−x
HDP
∙ 100 %|]
v= 1−
[ | 9 ,8−7,752
9,8
∙ 100 %|]
v=( 1−0,2089 ) 100 %
v=( 0,7911 ) 100 %
v=79 ,11 %

 Percobaan 2
Diketahui : ( ι± ∆ι ) m=( 1 5 , 00± 0 , 05 ) ⋅10−2 m
(t ¿¿ 1± ∆ t )s=( 8 , 2± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 2± ∆ t )s=( 8 , 6 ±0 ,2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 3 ± ∆ t)s=( 8 , 4 ± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
( θ ± ∆ θ ) ∘=( 10 , 0 ± 0 ,5 ) ∘
−3
(m ± ∆ m) kg=( 28,650 ± 0,005 ) ⋅ 10 kg
n=¿ 10 ayunan

a) Waktu
t 1+t 2+t 3
t=
N
8 , 2+ 8 ,6 +8 , 4 25 ,2
t= =¿ = 8,4 s
3 3

∆t =
1
N √ N ∙ ∑ t 2 −(∑ t )2
N −1

∆t =
1
3 √ 3 (8 , 2)2 (8 , 6)2 (8 , 4 )2−(25 , 2)2
3−1

∆t =
1
3 √ 635 ,2 8−635 , 04
2
∆t =
1
3 √ 0 ,24
2
1
3√
∆t = 0 , 12

∆t = 0,1155 s
∆T 0 , 1155
KR= ×100 %= ×100 %=1 , 37 % → 3 AP
T 8,4
DK =100 %−KR = 100% −¿ 1,37% = 98,63%
PF=( t ± ∆ t ) s ¿ ( 8,400 ± 0,115 ) s

b) Periode
t 8,400
T= = =0 , 84 s
n 10

∆T=|[ ∆t t |] ⋅T
[ 0,115
∆T= |
8,400|]
⋅ 0 ,84 s

∆ T =0 ,0 115 s
∆T 0 , 0115
KR= ×100 % = × 100 %=1, 37 % → 3 AP
T 0 , 84
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−1 , 37 %=9 8 , 63 %
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s=( 0 , 840 0 ±0 ,0115 ) s

c) Percepatan gravitasi (g)

2
4π ι
g= 2
T
2
4 ( 3 , 14 ) (0 ,15) m
g=¿ 2
( 0 , 84 s )
5,9158 m
g=¿ 2
0 ,7056 s
2
g=8,3841m/ s
∆ g= |[ ∆ι ι|+|2 ∆T T |] ∙ g
∆ g= |[ 0 ,00, 0015 5mm|+|2(00,,0115
84 s |]
s) 2
∙ 8,3841m/ s

2
∆ g=( 0 ,00 33+ 0 ,0 274 )∙ 8,3841 m/s
2
∆ g=( 0 ,0 307) ∙ 8,3841m/ s
2
∆ g=0 , 2574 m/s
∆g 0 ,2574
KR= ×100 %= × 100 % = 3,07% → 3 AP
g 8,3841
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−¿ 3,07% = 96,93%
2 2
PF=( g ± ∆ g ) m/ s = ( 8,384 ± 0 ,257 ) m/s

d) Validitas

[ HDP |] ∙ 100 %
v= 1−| HDP−x

[ 9 ,8 |] ∙ 100 %
v= 1−|
9 ,8−8,384

v=( 1−0 , 14 ) 100 %

v=( 0 , 86 ) 100 %
v=86 %

 Percobaan 3
Diketahui : ( ι± ∆ι ) m=( 20 , 00 ± 0 , 05 ) ⋅10−2 m
(t ¿¿ 1± ∆ t )s=( 9 , 4 ± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 2± ∆ t )s=( 9 , 6 ± 0 ,2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 3 ± ∆ t)s=( 9 , 6 ± 0 ,2 ) s ¿
( θ ± ∆ θ ) ∘=( 1 0 , 0± 0 , 5 ) ∘
−3
(m ± ∆ m)kg=( 28,650 ± 0,005 ) ⋅ 10 kg
n=¿ 10 ayunan

a) Waktu
 t 1+t 2+t 3
t=
N
9 , 4+ 9 , 6+9 , 6 28 ,6
t= =¿ = 9,533 s
3 3

∆t =
1
N √ N ∙ ∑ t 2 −(∑ t )2
N −1

∆t =
1
3 √ 3 (9 , 4)2 (9 , 6)2 (9 , 6)2−(2 8 ,6)2
3−1

∆t =
1
3 √ 818 ,04−817 , 96
2

∆t =
1
3 √ 0 ,0 8
2
1
3√
∆t = 0,04

∆t = 0,067 s
∆T 0 , 067
KR= ×100 %= ×100 %=0,702 % → 3 AP
T 9,533
DK =100 %−KR = 100% −¿ 0,702% = 99,298%
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s ¿ ( 9 , 533 0 ± 0 ,067 0 ) s

b) Periode
t 9,533
T= = =0 , 9533 s
n 10

∆T=|[ ∆t t |] ⋅T
[ 9,533 |]⋅ 0 ,9533 s
∆T= |
0 ,0 6 67

∆ T =0 ,0 06 6 7 s
∆T 0 , 0 06 67
KR= ×100 % = ×100 %=0,702 % →3 AP
T 0 , 9533
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−0,702 %=99,298 %
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s=( 0 , 95 3 3± 0 , 0 6 67 ) s

c) Percepatan gravitasi (g)

2
4π ι
g= 2
T
2 −2
4 ( 3 , 14 ) 20 ×10 m
g=¿
( 0 ,9533 s)2
7,8876 m
g=¿ 2
0 , 9087 s
2
g=8 ,6801 m/ s

∆ g= |[ ∆ι ι|+|2 ∆T T |] ∙ g
[| || |]
−2
0 , 05 ×10 m 2(0 , 0 06 6 7 s) 2
∆ g= −2
+ ∙ 8 , 6801m/ s
20 ×10 m 0 , 9533 s
2
∆ g=(0 ,00 25+ 0 ,0 14)∙ 8 , 6801m/ s
2
∆ g=(0 ,0 165)∙8 , 6801 m/s
2
∆ g=0 , 1432m/ s
∆g 0 ,143
KR= ×100 %= ×100 % = 1,64% → 3 AP
g 8 ,6801
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−¿ 1,64% = 98,36%
2 2
PF=( g ± ∆ g ) m/ s = ( 8,680± 0,143 ) m/ s

d) Validitas

[ HDP |] ∙ 100 %
v= 1−| HDP−x

[ 9 , 8 |] ∙100 %
v= 1−|
9 ,8−8 , 680

v=( 1−0 , 1 142 ) 100 %

v=( 0 , 8858 ) 100 %
v=8 8 , 58 %

 Percobaan 4
Diketahui : ( ι± ∆ι ) m=( 2 5 , 00± 0 , 05 ) ⋅10−2 m
(t ¿¿ 1± ∆ t )s=( 10 ,2 ± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 2± ∆ t )s=( 10 , 4 ± 0 , 2 ) s ¿
(t ¿¿ 3 ± ∆ t)s=( 10 , 04 ± 0 ,2 ) s ¿
( θ ± ∆ θ ) ∘=( 10 , 0 ± 0 ,5 ) ∘
−3
(m ± ∆ m)kg=( 28,650 ± 0,005 ) ⋅ 10 kg
n=¿ 10 ayunan

a) Waktu
t 1+t 2+t 3
t=
N

= 10,333 s
10 ,2+10 , 4 +10 , 4 31
t= =¿
3 3

∆t =
1
N √ N ∙ ∑ t 2 −(∑ t )2
N −1

∆t =
1
3 √ 3 (10 ,2)2 (10 , 4)2 (10 , 4 )2−(31)2
3−1

∆t =
1
3 √ 961, 08−961
2

∆t =
1
3 √ 0 ,08
2
1
3√
∆t = 0 , 04

∆t = 0,067 s
∆T 0,067
KR= ×100 %= ×100 %=0 ,645 % →3 AP
T 10 , 3 33
DK =100 %−KR = 100% −¿ 0,645% = 99,352%
PF=( t ± ∆ t ) s ¿ ( 10,333 0 ± 0,067 0 ) s

b) Periode
 t 10 ,3 33 0
T= = =1,0333 s
n 10

∆T=
[| |]
∆t
t
⋅T

∆T=
[| |]
0 , 06 6 7
10,333 0
⋅1 , 03 33 s

∆ T =0 ,006 6 7 s
∆T 0 , 0 06 67
KR= ×100 % = ×100 %=0 ,64 5 % →3 AP
T 1 , 0333
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−0 ,64 5 %=99 , 355 %
PF=( T ± ∆ T ) s=( 1 ,03 33 ± 0 , 06 7 0 ) s

c) Percepatan gravitasi (g)

2
4π ι
g= 2
T
2 −2
4 ( 3 , 14 ) 2 5× 10 m
g=¿
(1,0333 s)2
9 , 8596 m
g=¿ 2
1, 067 7 s
2
g=9,2344 m/s

∆ g=
[| | | |]
∆ι 2∆T
ι
+
T
∙g

[| || |]
−2
0 , 05 ×10 m 2(0 , 00 6 6 7 s) 2
∆ g= −2
+ ∙ 9,2344 m/s
2 5 ×10 m 1,033 3 s
2
∆ g=( 0 ,00 2+0 , 01 3)∙ 9,2344 m/ s
2
∆ g=( 0 ,015) ∙ 9,2344 m/ s
2
∆ g=0 , 13 8 5 m/s
∆g 0 ,1 385
KR= ×100 %= × 100 % = 1,49% → 3 AP
g 9,2344
DK =100 %−KR=100 %−¿ 1,49% = 98,51%
 2 2
PF=( g ± ∆ g ) m/ s = ( 9,234 ± 0 ,138 ) m/ s

d) Validitas

[ |
v= 1−
HDP−x
HDP |]
∙ 100 %

[ |
v= 1−
9 ,8−9,2344
9 ,8 |]
∙ 100 %

v=( 1−0 , 0577 ) 100 %

v=( 0 , 9423 ) 100 %
v=94 ,23 %