South Pars Gas Field Development

Phases 22, 23 & 24

Pars Oil and Gas

Plant: Onshore Facilities Company

Doc. Number : RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev.No.: 3 Class: 1

INSTRUMENT DESIGN SPECIFICATION

3 22-07-2019 IAFD Sh.Kashi H.Tajik B.Yousefian F.Zanjani P.Asgharzadeh A.Shirvani

2 6-05-2013 AFC S.Chaichi H.Tajik B.Yousefian F.zanjani H.Hoseini-Nik A.Shirvani

1 2-12-2010 AFC S.Pourazarm H.Tajik B.Yousefian F.zanjani H.Hoseini-Nik

DETAIL ENGINEERING

0 06-07-2010 AFC A.Asghari H.Tajik B.Yousefian F.zanjani H.Hoseini-Nik

P.M. P.D.
CONTRACTOR COMPANY
REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREP. CHKD.
APPD. APPD. APPD.

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Doc. No. RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev. 3

CONTENTS

Page

1 SCOPE.......................................................................................................................6
2 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS.................................................................................6
3 CODES AND STANDARDS....................................................................................6
4 USE OF LANGUAGE AND ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS.............7
4.1 USE OF LANGUAGE AND ABBREVIATIONS................................................7
4.2 DEFINITIONS........................................................................................................8
5. BASIC CONDITIONS AND UTILITIES..............................................................8
5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS...................................................................8
5.1.1 Ambient Conditions Outside Building..........................................................................................8
5.1.2 Ambient Conditions Inside Rooms.................................................................................................8
5.2 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENT HOUSING.....................................................9
5.3 PROTECTION OF INSTRUMENT AGAINST ENVIRONMENT..................11
5.3.1 Instrument Passive Protection Against Fire.................................................................................11
5.3.2 Ambient Condition Protection (Tropical Service)........................................................................11
5.3.3 Sun Protection..................................................................................................................................11
5.3.4 Interference Protection...................................................................................................................11
5.3.5 Lightning Protection.......................................................................................................................12
5.4 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT...............................................................................12
5.5 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY.......................................................................12
5.6 PNEUMATIC SUPPLY.........................................................................................13
6 INSTRUMENT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...................................................13
6.1 SELECTION OF RANGES...................................................................................13
6.2 FIELD SENSORS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS............................................13
6.2.1 Field Sensor......................................................................................................................................14
6.2.2 Local Switch.....................................................................................................................................14
6.2.3 Transmitters.....................................................................................................................................15
6.2.3.1 Field Sensors And Final Control Elements General Requirements...........................................................15
6.2.3.2 Pneumatic Pressure Transmitters.................................................................................................................15
6.2.3.3 Local Indicators..............................................................................................................................................15
6.2.4 Diaphragm Seal And Capillary......................................................................................................12
6.3 INSTRUMENT CONNECTION SIZE.................................................................16
6.4 SIGNAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................16
6.4.1 General.............................................................................................................................................16
6.4.2 Analogue Input Signals...................................................................................................................16
6.4.3 Analogue Output Signals................................................................................................................16
6.4.4 Digital Inputs Signals......................................................................................................................16
6.4.5 Digital Outputs Signals...................................................................................................................17
6.5 INSTRUMENT NAMEPLATE.............................................................................17
6.5.1 General.............................................................................................................................................17
6.5.2 Field-Instrument Nameplates.........................................................................................................17
6.5.3 Nameplate For Indoor Use.............................................................................................................17
6.6 INSTRUMENT ACCURACY CLASSES............................................................17
7 LOCAL PANELS.......................................................................................................17
8 FLOW INSTRUMENTS...........................................................................................18
8.1 SELECTION OF FLOW INSTRUMENTS.........................................................18
8.2 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TYPE FLOW METERS....................................20
8.2.1 Sizing Of Flow Meters.....................................................................................................................20
8.2.2 Flow Metering Orifice Plates..........................................................................................................20

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8.2.2.1 Standard Orifice Plate....................................................................................................................................20
8.2.2.2 Retractable Orifice.........................................................................................................................................20
8.2.3 Restriction Orifice Plates................................................................................................................21
8.2.4 Construction Of Other Measuring Elements................................................................................21
8.2.5 Differential Pressure Transmitters................................................................................................22
8.2.6 Integral Orifices Transmitter.........................................................................................................22
8.3 VARIABLE AREA FLOW METERS..................................................................22
8.4 ELECTROMAGNETIC FLOW METERS..........................................................23
8.5 ULTRASONIC FLOW METERS.........................................................................23
8.6 VORTEX FLOW METERS..................................................................................24
8.7 MASS FLOW METERS (CORIOLIS TYPE).....................................................25
8.8 TURBINE METERS...............................................................................................25
8.9 POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METERS............................................................26
8.10 THERMAL FLOW METERS.............................................................................27

9 LEVEL INSTRUMENTS..........................................................................................27
9.1 GENERAL...............................................................................................................27
9.2 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE LEVEL INSTRUMENTS.................................27
9.3 DISPLACER LEVEL INSTRUMENTS..............................................................27
9.4 LEVEL GAUGE GLASSES..................................................................................28
9.5 LEVEL INDICATORS WITH MAGNETIC COUPLING................................29
9.6 LEVEL SWITCHES...............................................................................................29
9.7 TANK GAUGING SYSTEMS...............................................................................30
10 PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS................................................................................30
10.1 PRESSURE AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER..............30
10.1.1 Range..............................................................................................................................................30
10.1.2 Zero Elevation / Suppression........................................................................................................30
10.2 LOCAL PRESSURE AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
CONTROLLERS..........................................................................................................31
10.3 PRESSURE AND DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGES...........................31
10.4 PRESSURE SWITCHES.....................................................................................32
11 TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS......................................................................32
11.1 GENERAL.............................................................................................................32
11.2 RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR ( RTD)..................................33
11.3 THERMOCOUPLES...........................................................................................33
11.4 INSTRUMENTS WHICH USE RTD AND THERMOCOUPLE SIGNAL
........................................................................................................................................33
11.5 DIAL THERMOMETERS..................................................................................34
12 PAINTING................................................................................................................34
13 INSPECTION AND TESTING..............................................................................34

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Doc. No. RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev. 3

1. SCOPE
This document covers the minimum requirements for instruments used for
measurement and control of process variables and provide guidance for the
selection and specification of instruments used for the SOUTH PARS GAS
FIELD DEVELOPMENT PHASES 22&23&24 ONSHORE FACILITIES
PROJECT.
All instrumentation systems and components, as far as mechanical and
electrical characteristics and performances are concerned, shall conform to
the present general Specification and to the Specifications issued for each
system and/or components.
This specification is not applicable to HVAC equipment.
Any deviation from the present specification at any stage of the project shall
be subject to COMPANY approval.

2. REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
This document is complemented by the others as specified below :
DB 2224 999 P332 204 : Basic engineering design data for onshore facilities
RP 2224 999 1511 021 : Instrument control and safeguarding philosophy
RP 2224 999 1511 031 : Instrumentation identification and numbering
RP 2224 999 1511 033 : Instrumentation and control specification for packages
RP 2224 999 1541 001 : Control valves specification
RP 2224 999 1545 001 : Safety relief valves general requirements
RP 2224 999 1543 001 : On/off valves general requirements
RP 2224 999 1511 041 : Analysers general requirements
RP 2224 999 1511 061 : Instruments installation
RP 2224 999 1511 062 : Instrument cables
RP 2224 999 1511 064 : Earthing principles
RP 2224 999 6600 001 : Painting
RP 2224 999 1511 003 : Marshalling Cabinet

3. CODES AND STANDARDS

Instrumentation will be designed and fabricated in accordance with
engineering codes andstandards
 DB 2224 999 P332 203: “ List of
applicable codes & industry standards"
 NACE MR0175 Standard Material Requirement - Sulfide Stress
Cracking Resistant Metallic Materials for Oilfield Equipment.

 CENELEC EN50014: Electrical Apparatus for Potentially Explosive

Atmosphere -
General Requirement
 IEC 60751: Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometer Sensors

 IEC 60584-2 : Thermocouples Part2 –Tolerance

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 ASME PTC 19.3 : Temperature Measurement Instruments and
Apparatus
(Performance test codes)
 IEC 61508: Functional Safety of Electrical/ Electronic/Programmable
Electronic
Safety Related System.

 IEC 61511: Functional safety Instrumented Systems for process Industry

Sector.

4. USE OF LANGUAGE AND ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

4.1 USE OF LANGUAGE AND ABBREVIATIONS

Throughout this specification, the words "will", "may", "should", "shall" when used
have meaning as follows :
 "will" is used normally in conjunction with
an action by COMPANY.,
 "may" is used where alternatives are
equally acceptable,
 "shall" is used where a provision is
mandatory.
 "should" is used where a solution is
preferred,
The following abbreviations are used throughout this Specification :
CCR : Central Control Room
DCS : Distributed Control System
ESD : Emergency ShutDown
FGS : Fire and Gas System
I/O : Input/Output
IS : Intrinsically Safe
ITR : Instrument Technical Room
MCC : Motor Control Center
PC : Personal Computer
PCS : Process Control System
PLC : Programmable Logic Controller
UPS : Uninterruptible Power Supply.
SPDT: Single Pole Double Throw

4.2. DEFINITIONS

COMPANY: PARS OIL & GAS COMPANY (POGC) or his nominated

representative.
Contractor: Shall be read P.S.A.
Vendor: Any person, firm or company which manufacture or supply

5. BASIC CONDITIONS AND UTILITIES

5.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

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(Refer to DB 2224 999 P332 204: Basic Engineering Design Data for onshore facilities)

5.1.1 AMBIENT CONDITIONS OUTSIDE BUILDING

 Temperature :
 Minimum : + 5°C.
 Maximum : + 48°C.
 Maximum temperature reached in the sunshine : + 85°C.
 Relative humidity outside building : 65% to
100%.
 Ambient air quality : tropical,dusty and
saliferrous unit.
 Caution : H2S and SO2 content in air in normal conditions with
following maximum average content :
 H2S : 10 ppm

 SO2 : 5 ppm.

5.1.2 AMBIENT CONDITIONS INSIDE ROOMS

 Temperature :
 Normal conditions : between 19 and 26°C (to be confirmed).
 Design temperature for electrical equipment design : + 10°C to +
40°C.
 Humidity :
 Relative humidity maintained within a range of 30% to 60% (to
be confirmed).
 Relative humidity for electrical equipment design : 80%.
The instruments shall be able to withstand the minimum and maximum
conditions in case of HVAC failure.

5.2 SELECTION OF INSTRUMENT HOUSING

Field mounted instruments shall be suitable for operation in industrial, humid,
saliferous and corrosive surrounding atmosphere and be adequately
designed to prevent generation of an explosion.
The rate of temperature change value shall be taken as 10 °C per hour.
Instrument enclosure's "degree of protection" shall be in accordance with IEC
60529. The minimum degree of protection for junction boxes (containing
terminals only) shall be IP 65. For enclosures containing electronic
components or coils (solenoid valves) the minimum degree of protection shall
be IP 65. Instruments/JB’s located in areas subject to deluge shall be IP 66.
The minimum degree of protection for indoor instrument shall be IP 41.
Instrument housing shall be of 316SS. In case of using aluminium (after
company approval), it shall be copper free and epoxy finished.
Instruments, boxes and panels located in an hazardous area shall be certified
to meet the electrical area classification; any certified equipment shall be

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Doc. No. RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev. 3

stamped according to the protection and the relating code and shall be
delivered with a conformity certificate issued by a recognized laboratory.
It shall not be assumed that the packaging of individually certified
components makes a certified unit. A third party certification must be
provided. The third party shall be chosen among the COMPANY. approved
Certifying Agencies.
Gas Group classification is done according to CENELEC/IEC standards. The
correspondence chart hereafter is used for CENELEC/IEC classification.

CENELEC/IEC REMARK
Group IIC Acetylene, Hydrogen, Carbon
disulphide
Group IIB Ethylene, ethyl-ether
Group IIA Methane, Butane, propane, naphtha
Explosive mixture is continuously
Zone0 present
Explosive mixture is likely to occur in
Zone1 normal operation
Explosive mixture is not likely to
Zone2 occur in normal operation

The temperature class is indicated by the following symbols:

T1 : Maximum external temperature 450°C (842°F)
T2 : Maximum external temperature 300°C (572°F)
T3 : Maximum external temperature 200°C (392°F)
T4 : Maximum external temperature 135°C (275°F)
T5 : Maximum external temperature 100°C (212°F)
T6 : Maximum external temperature 85°C (185°F)
The method of protection is defined by the CENELEC/IEC rules and identified by
a small letter as follows :
 d : Flameproof enclosure (explosion-proof)
CENELEC/IEC EN 50-018/IEC 60079-1,60079-1A
 e : Increased safety CENELEC EN 50-019/IEC 60079-7
 ia : Intrinsic safety for Zone 0 CENELEC
EN 50-020/IEC 60079-3,60079-11
 ib : Intrinsic safety for Zone 1 or 2
CENELEC EN 50-020/IEC 60079-3,60079-11
 p : Pressurized enclosures CENELEC EN 50-016/IEC 60079-2
 n : Electrical apparatus for potentially
explosive atmospheres CEI EN 50-021.
Within type 0 zone, electrical instrument installation is subject to COMPANY
approval.
Type p (Pressurized enclosure) is subject to COMPANY approval.
For standardization purpose, installation of certified type instrument in non-
hazardous area is acceptable.

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As far as possible, explosion proof protection type shall be used instead of
intrinsically safe.
The minimum requirement of protection method shall be done accordingly to
the following table :

Equipment Zone 1 Zone 2 Remarks

Instrument EEx-d/EEx-ia/b EEx-d/n
Solenoid valve EEx-d EEx-d
Junction box EEx-e EEx-e
Local enclosure (with EEx-d or EEx-p EEx- n
relays, electronic…)
Lamp indicator (LED) EEx-ia/b EEx-d/n
Thermocouple EEx-ia/b EEx-d/n
Push button EEx-ia/b or EEx- EEx-d/n
Lighting d EEx-e
Level gauge illuminator EEx-e* EEx-d
Horn EEx-d EEx-d/e
EEx-d/e

*If it is fluorescent, it shall be “edq” or “edm” type. Otherwise it shall

be “ed” instead of “e”.
All equipment concerned by above protection shall be delivered with
conformity certificate(s) issued from one of the following laboratories:
 For CENELEC rules :
 NETHELAND: KEMA
 DENMARK: DEMKO
 FRANCE: LCIE or INERIS
 GERMANY: PTB or DMT, TÜV NORD
 GREAT BRITAIN: BASEEFA or EECS/SIRA
 ITALY: CESI/PTB/DMT/LCIE
For NEC rules :
 U.S.: Factory Mutual (FM) or Underwriter Laboratory (UL).
 CANADA: CSA/ULC
Note: each of the above mentioned notified bodies are accepted for product
of the other countries,except for CESI.

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Electrical equipment suitable for zone 1 and 2 shall be designed and certified
for gas group IIB class T3 according to CENELEC/IEC normalization.
If no standard equipment is existing with IEC protection method while it exists
with NEC (US)
protection, the supplier may propose NEC protected equipment only after the
COMPANY agreement. In this case, a certificate issued from the relevant
laboratory shall be delivered.
All equipment shall be marked according to the method of protection by an
indelible stamp or a permanent plate. The marking shall include (but not
limited to) :
 the level of protection (EEx-..),
 the rule relating to this protection,
 the temperature class,
 the laboratory,
 the certificate number.

5.3 PROTECTION OF INSTRUMENT AGAINST ENVIRONMENT

5.3.1 INSTRUMENT PASSIVE PROTECTION AGAINST FIRE

a) Cables : Refer to RP 2224 999 1511 062 “Instrument cables” – Paragraph “Basic
Requirements”.
b) Field instruments : Refer to RP 2224 999 1511 061 “Instrument Installation” –
Paragraph “General Requirements”.

5.3.2 AMBIENT CONDITION PROTECTION (TROPICAL SERVICE)

All printed circuit cards shall be protected against corrosion and humidity by
means of appropriate varnish coating and gold plated contacts on connectors
(even for those located within control and technical rooms).

5.3.3 SUN PROTECTION

Refer to RP 2224 999 1511 061 “Instrument Installation” - Paragraph
"General Requirements".

5.3.4 INTERFERENCE PROTECTION

All instruments and micro processor based system shall meet the following
Radio Frequency Immunity (RFI) requirements that shall be tested at the
acceptance test stage.
Basic reference standard is IEC 61000-4-3 for design and manufacturing
considerations.

5.3.5 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

Hazard due to the lightning shall be considered in the installation of
instruments and cables.

5.4 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

For the whole project, engineering calculation results, instrument ranges and
control settings shall be presented in SI units.

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Doc. No. RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev. 3

The following metric units shall be used for process data and instrument
scales :
►Flow rate:
Steam : kg/h (kilograms per hour) or t/h (ton per hour)
Vapor, gas : kg/h (kilograms per hour) or t/h (ton per hour)
Liquids : Std m3/h (cubic meter per hour) at 15 °C
►Pressure:
Pressure gauge : Barg
Pressure absolute. : Bara
Differential pressure : Bar or mm of water for flow measurement
Draught gauge : mm of water
►Temperature : °C (degrees centigrade)
►Density : kg/m3 (kilograms per cubic meter) at 15°C
►Level : %, and for tank gauging: m, cm, mm,
►Viscosity:
Liquid : cP (mPa.s)
Gas : cP (mPa.s)
►Other units:
Rotation : rpm (rotation per minute)
Linear velocity : m/s (meter per second)
Power : kW or kVA
Voltage : V (volt)
Electrical intensity : A (ampere)
 Frequency :Hz

5.5 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY

Refer to RP 2224 999 1511 021 – “Instrument Control and Safeguarding
Philosophy”.
This UPS is limited to feed the PCS, F&G, ESD systems, PLC’s, equipment,
analyzers, and other instruments. This power supply shall not be used for
lighting or tracing.
No voltage other than 24V DC, 48V DC or 230V AC will be used except if
clearly specified by the COMPANY. Other voltages may be used internal to
the systems so long as these voltages do not exceed 240V AC or 110V DC
and they are generated by system Supplier/Vendor.

5.6 PNEUMATIC SUPPLY

The operating range for pneumatic signal transmission shall be 0.2 to 1 barg.
All pneumatic components of instrument system shall be designed for the
following supply conditions:
Pressure
minimum operation : 4.5 barg

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Doc. No. RP-2224-999-1511-032 Rev. 3

maximum operation : 9 barg
Temperature (normal) : Ambient
Dew point : - 10°C at 9 barg
Oil content : oil free
Maxi. particle size : 5 
An air set with filter, output gauge and regulator shall be provided with each
instrument consuming instrument air or other gases (e.g. nitrogen...).

6. INSTRUMENT GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

This specification is to be taken as minimum requirements. Contractor may
propose alternative solutions.

6.1 SELECTION OF RANGES

Unless otherwise specified, the instrument ranges shall be selected such that
the normal value is between 50 and 75 percent of scale.
When threshold is derived from an analogue signal, set point shall be
between 10 and 90 %.
Special attention shall be paid to cases requiring :
A “narrow span” range,
A range elevation (zero suppression),
A range suppression (zero elevation).
An over range protection

6.2 FIELD SENSORS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Refer also to RP 2224 999 1511 021 – “Instrument Control and Safeguarding
Philosophy” -Paragraph "Field Instrumentation"

6.2.1 FIELD SENSOR

The same type of instruments shall be used for control of utilities and for
process control.
Safety components shall be completely independent from process control
component. Prealarm and trip contact shall not be derived from the same
instrument.
Single component failure shall have a minimum effect on overall availability.

Instruments for subcontracted assemblies should be when possible of the

same type and same supplier as those used for the process; in the negative,
suppliers shall comply with the COMPANY Vendor List.
The following requirements with respect of field instrumentation shall be
implemented :
 Materials exposed to the process fluid shall be in accordance with
the fluid conditions (pressure,temperature,corrosion) and with the
relevant piping class :

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 Carbon steel body construction (except transmitters,see here
after)shall be a minimum specification for parts exposed to
process fluid when not specified otherwise.
 For pressure and differential pressure transmitter,both body and
element material shall be AISI 316 as a minimum standard,or the
Manufacturer’s standard material,whichever provides the best
corrosion resistance . Where the nature of fluid requires a higher
alloy or other material,the material shall be consistent with the
piping or equipment specification.
 Movements for instruments shall be 316SS or better when
specified.
 All inserted instruments (e.g. thermowells,sampling probes,pig
detectors,etc.) shall be specified as per the process data sheet
including all service conditions (pressure, velocity, temperature,
density, fluid composition) which shall be provided by Contractor.
 NACE requirement shall be applied in case of sour service.
 The design of pressure parts shall be based on the allowable
stresses of the ANSI.
 All components,particularly if containing electric contacts,shall be
vibration resistant.
 On line instruments shall have flanged connections.
 All instruments shall have an over-range protection up to the
maximum design static pressure indicated on the instrument data
sheet.
 Instrument exposed to vacuum shall have underrange protection to
full vacuum.

6.2.2 LOCAL SWITCH

Use of switches as process sensor shall be avoided.
Process variables used for initiating the shutdown systems shall be derived,
as a general rule, from the electronic transmitter signals. The threshold
function shall be achieved within safety systems logic.
Local switch is forbidden for temperature, pressure and flow process alarm;
local switches may only be used for mechanical equipment if required by
Supplier standard and will be subject to COMPANY approval.
When switches are used as sensing devices, they shall have normally closed
contact to open on trip condition.

When they are provided for safety purpose, in non fail-safe configuration, they
shall include a resistor for line monitoring.

6.2.3 TRANSMITTERS

6.2.3.1 FIELD SENSOR AND FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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Electronic transmitters, strain gauge or capacity type shall be used as a
general rule. However for a few local controls some pneumatic control loops
are acceptable for non-process control functions such as indication.
Transmitters will be of the smart transmitter type with HART protocol except
those connected to the ESD/HIPPS system that will be preferably of
conventional electronic type. If smart type transmitters are selected for ESD
application they shall be configured as “read only”.
Smart transmitters (2 wire) with digital calibration superimposed on 4-20 mA
signals shall be the rule to allow remote calibration from a “pocket” interface
at marshalling level (No fieldbus provided for remote maintenance).
If control and safety transmitters are provided at the same location the ranges
for both transmitters should be the same. Saturated signals under normal
operating conditions shall be avoided (e.g. a small range transmitter signal for
Low Low level detection).

6.2.3.2 PNEUMATIC PRESSURE TRANSMITTERS

Pneumatic pressure transmitters shall be of the force balance type having
diaphragm or bellow type sensing element.

6.2.3.3 LOCAL INDICATORS

Electronic transmitters will be provided with an integral indicator for
maintenance purpose. A digital display indicator can be provided, using digital
mode communication when associated to “smart” transmitter.
Where required on the PID, transmitter output gauges or milliameters shall be
visible and readable at the associated control valve assembly or at the
location indicated on the P&ID.
All plant indicator dials will be white with black graduations.

6.2.4 DIAPHRAGM SEAL AND CAPILLARY

For measurement of viscous fluids, solids containing fluids, highly corrosive
fluids or where temperature changes may influence the fluid conditions, the
use of diaphragm seal and capillary may be considered as an alternative to
instrumentation with flushing on the measuring impulse line.
Diaphragm seal shall normally be integral with the instrument as per
“Instrument Installation”.
Special coating materials may be considered where these will improve the
corrosion resistance of the diaphragm.
For remote seal applications, capillaries shall be kept as short as possible (at
least 1 meter) and shall not exceed 6m. For differential pressure applications
the capillary shall be of the same length.
The capillary tubing material shall be of AISI type 316 type stainless steel and
be shielded by flexible stainless steel tubing with PVC cover, according
manufacturer's standard.

6.3 INSTRUMENT CONNECTION SIZE

Refer to RP 2224 999 1511 061 Instrument Installation -
Paragraph"Connection"

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6.4 SIGNAL REQUIREMENTS

6.4.1 GENERAL
For analogue signal, 4-20 mA, 24V DC shall be used as far as possible.
The actuation of final control elements, as control valves, shall be pneumatic.
Pneumatic signals shall not be used on lines more than 10m long from
transmitter to controller and from controller to actuator.
Smart transmitter with digital calibration superimposed on 4-20 mA signals
shall be as a rule. Remote calibration shall be performed from pocket
interface at marshalling level or from maintenance station in ITR.
Control valve electro-pneumatic positionersshall be with HART protocol.

6.4.2 ANALOGUE INPUT SIGNALS

Analogue inputs can be: 4-20 mA (floating signals), mV, Ohm.
Powering: System cabinets shall provide the power to most of field
transmitters. Analogue input module shall allow to mix both internal and
external powered input signals on the same cards.
The resistance of 4-20 mA analogue input must be 250 Ohm maximum.

6.4.3 ANALOGUE OUTPUT SIGNALS

Standard analogue output signal shall be 4-20 mA DC (floating signal).
Powering: Analogue output shall be powered from System cabinets using
internal 24V DC supply.
The output interfaces shall be able to drive up to 750 ohms.

6.4.4 DIGITAL INPUTS SIGNALS

Powering: not grounded contacts input are generally provided free of voltage,
(except for proximity detectors). They shall be powered from System cabinets
using a 24V DC supply.

6.4.5 DIGITAL OUTPUTS SIGNALS

Powering :
 Output to other system : the output channels will be provided free of
voltage.
 Output to solenoid valves : they shall be powered from PCS or ESD
system cabinets using a 48 VDC supply.

6.5 INSTRUMENT NAMEPLATE

6.5.1 GENERAL
All instruments, junction boxes, cabinets, panels and ancillary equipment shall
be provided with nameplates indicating the tag number. Name plates format,
size and lettering are subject to COMPANY/CONTRACTOR approval.
All nameplates shall be of 316SS with engraved letters .

6.5.2 FIELD-INSTRUMENT NAMEPLATES

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All plant-mounted instruments shall be provided with an engraved tag
numberplate bearing their loop identification number.

6.5.3 NAMEPLATE FOR INDOOR USE

All panel-mounted instruments shall be provided with nameplates in
accordance with the manufacturer's standard bearing the loop identification
number.
All panel-mounted ancillary equipment such as switches, indicating lights,
etc., shall be labeled by the Contractor to suit the particular application.

6.6 INSTRUMENT ACCURACY CLASSES

The accuracy class of measuring instruments depends on its duty/service.
In general, "Class A" instruments shall be applied. The accuracy including
linearity, hysteresis and repeatability of "class A" instruments shall be equal
or better than 0.5 % of the calibrated span.
For local gauges, the accuracy shall be equal or better than 1.0% of the
calibrated span.

6.7 INSTRUMENT AND VALVES FOR CRYOGENIC SERVICE

All Instruments and valves for cryogenic service shall be cleaned to a high
standard and be free from moisture and grease.
Instruments having a closed body cavity shall require facilities for relieving
over pressure caused by thermal expansion of fluids.
Cryogenic liquids are generally non-lubricating and therefore galling may occur
between relatively soft metal mating parts, bronze stem bushing, KEL-F, PTFE
or hard seats, special coatings and solid film lubricants are recommended to
prevent this.

7. LOCAL PANELS
All functions for process control of the plant shall be done through the
Process Control System.
Field local panels (close to equipment) will be limited to push-buttons, lamps
and indicators as necessary for local operation in case of start-up and
maintenance (e.g. heaters, compressors, ...).
 Local panel containing pneumatic instrumentation shall be provided
with a dual air set.
 Local panel material shall be AISI 316 and paint finish shall be as
required by Project specification.
 Instruments shall be mounted at eye level , but not lower than 750
mm from the base.
 Easy access shall be foreseen to all equipment.
 Terminals for multi core cables shall be provided with 20% spare
installed and 15% free spare space.
 Cable entries shall be normally at the bottom.Side entries are subject
to COMPANY approval.
 Local panels shall have double skinned roofs.

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 Panels shall be easily hoisted and handled.
 Panels shall be equipped with anti vibration supports.
 Local panels shall be located well away from steam outlets,constant
drizzles of water,etc.Front and rear access shall be provided.
 Direct process connections between process fluids and enclosed
instruments panels are not permitted (except for gauge
boards).Wherever necessary transmitters shall be applied.
Refer also to RP 2224 999 1511 061 “Instrument Installation” –
Paragraph “Junction Boxes” for :
 Cable entries,
 Multi core cable definition and connections,
 Terminals.

8. FLOW INSTRUMENTS

8.1 SELECTION OF FLOW INSTRUMENTS

As a general rule flow shall be measured from orifice plate differential
pressure, unless special considerations make necessary to use other types of
instruments such as:
Variable-area flow meters - for local indication,
Electromagnetic flow meters,
Ultrasonic flow meters,
Vortex flow meters,
Coriolis flow meter,
Turbine flow meter or positive displacement meter,
Thermal flow meter.

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The following table illustrates the application of flow measurement techniques:

Turbine Vortex Variable Ultrasonic Magnetic Diff. Press Positive Coriolis Thermal

Area (Orifice, Venturi, Displacement

Pitot Tube)

Meter Sizes 1" to 24" 1/2" to 8" 1/2" to 8" 2" to 36" 1" to 36" 1" to 40" 1" to 16" 1/2"to 6" Unlimited

Line Size

Measurement 0.1% 0.4% 2% 1% (general 0.25% 1% 0.2% 0.5% 2%

Uncertainty (liquid) Purpose)

(un-installed) 0.25%

(metering

Standard)

Measurement 0.2% 1% 5% 2% (general 0.5% 2% 0.2% 0.5% 2%

Uncertainty (liquid) Purpose)

(inc, piping 1%

influence) (metering

Standard)

Turn Down 10:1 30:1 10:1 100:1 50:1 3:1 20:1 100:1 50:1

ratio
Not
Corrosive Not Suitable Inserted Suitable Suitable Not suitable Suitable
Suitable
Service suitable Material Transducers Lining mat, Material suitable Material
Without
Exotic required Not suitable required required required

material

Dirty & Not Not suitable Clamp-on Suitable Erosion of High suitable Probes

Abrasive suitable suitable Transducers Lining mat, Primary Wear & Fouling

Service suitable required Element. Tear

Process Temp Minus Minus Minus Minus 40 ํC Minus 30 ํC Minus Minus Minus Minus

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Limits 30 ํC 200 ํC 30 ํC to to 150 ํC to 150 ํC 100 ํC to 20 ํC to 400 ํC 70 ํC to

to to 150 ํC 450 ํC 66 ํC to 450 ํC

82 ํC 400 ํC 200 ํC

Steam No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No

Gas Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes

Liquid Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No

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8.2 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TYPE FLOW METERS

8.2.1 SIZING OF FLOW METERS

Flow rate to be measured shall be kept between 30 % and 90 % of the design
flow.
Orifice plates shall be calculated at 110 % of the design process maximum
flow rate.
The primary elements shall be sized for use with differential pressure
transmitters having one of the following ranges in mbar :
0-12.5, 0-25, 0-50, 0-125, 0-250, 0-500, 0-1000.
The preferred range is 0-250 mbar; the range 0-1000 mbar should be avoided
where possible. In case of compressible fluids, the selected differential
pressure shall preferably not exceed 3.6 % of the upstream static absolute
pressure.
Square root extraction shall be carried out within the transmitter. Based on
flow transmitter linear output, the local flow indicator (receiver instrument)
scale shall be 0-100% linear.

8.2.2 FLOW METERING ORIFICE PLATES

Sizing and design of orifice plates shall be in accordance with ISO 5167 and
5168.
In general, flow measurement shall be based on square-edged concentric
orifice plates mounted between flange taps.
Eccentric orifices may be used in horizontal lines to avoid accumulation of
liquid when vent or drain holes (maximum 2 mm diameter) are not specified
or with fluids containing solids.
Quarter circle and conical entrance orifice plates may be selected when a
square-edge type is not appropriate.
Square edge orifices with corner taps are not recommended for general
applications.
In general 316 stainless steel orifice plates shall be provided. Where the
nature of the fluid is such as to require a higher alloy, or other material, it shall
be consistent with the line specification. When the temperature exceed 450°C
the thickness shall be adjusted to suit the application.

8.2.2.1 STANDARD ORIFICE PLATE :

Each orifice plate shall be supplied with an engraved tag giving the following
information on its upstream side:
tag number,
D and d dimensions in mm,
Flange rating,
material.

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8.2.2.2 RETRACTABLE ORIFICE :

Retractable orifices shall have the following characteristics :
 Material and rating of body assembly end flanges shall be according
to classes of piping specification.
 Plates retractable while process is operating,
 Plate shall be fitted with :
 Mechanical lifting system allowing easy lifting operation even in
the case of large pressure drops and large sized orifices,
 Suitable safe isolation from process (double seals),
 Due consideration shall be given to retractable orifice seals in
term of gas composition and risk of explosive decompression of
the seal,
 Venting and/or draining facilities if needed.
The Contractor shall calculate in accordance with ISO :
 The required number of plate to permit flow measurement over the
range stated on the data sheet,
 The size of each plate on the basis of approx. 3:1 flow turndown
with overlap of flow ranges between plate as necessary.
 d/D (Beta-ratio shall be between 0.2 and 0.75)

The selected differential pressure span shall be fixed for all plates.
Each plate shall show the instrument tag number suffixed by a unique letter of
the alphabet and its bore diameter.
Pressure taps for retractable orifices shall be sized 1/2" NPTF.

8.2.3 RESTRICTION ORIFICE PLATES

Restriction orifice plates are devices for creating a certain pressure drop or
for limiting a flow rate.
The construction of restriction orifice plates shall be in accordance with ISO
5167 and in stainless steel.
The relevant dimensions (thickness, ...) shall be adjusted to suit the
application.
For restriction orifices permanently in operation (except start up) with noise
level above 85dbA multi-hole single plate design should be considered.

8.2.4 CONSTRUCTION OF OTHER MEASURING ELEMENTS

Venturi tubes may be selected for non-viscous fluids when relatively high
accuracy is required with a low pressure drop in the system. Rectangular
types will be considered for application in ducting systems.
Venturi tubes and flow nozzles of circular cross section shall be constructed
in accordance with the requirements of ISO 5167.
Pitot tubes may be selected for high flow of clean fluid to achieve minimum
pressure loss in the system and where high accuracy is not required.

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8.2.5 DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTERS

Diaphragm-type transmitters with a continuously adjustable range shall be
used. Refer also to § 8.2.1 Sizing of flowmeters.

8.2.6 INTEGRAL ORIFICES TRANSMITTER

The use of integral orifice transmitter, which may be required for flow
metering in small line shall be used only when plugging is not expected and if
a by pass line is provided.
Orifice meter runs are considered to be “ in-line” instruments and will
preferably be fabricated with flanged end connections.

8.3 Variable Area Flow Meters

The use of variable area flow meters shall be restricted to simple local
indication applications, such as measurement of purge, cooling or sealing fluids,
or in sample loops for on line process stream analyzers.
The selection, limitations and accuracy of Variable Area Flow meters are
given in clause 8.1.
Rotameters may be used on liquids, gases and vapour services in vertical
pipes. Several designs exist which are commonly used as purge meters.
Rotameters are normally used in small pipe sizes.
Meter bodies shall be equipped with inlet and outlet float stops, and where
feasible, clean out plugs, which may be utilized as connection taps.
Gland assemblies shall be of “O” ring construction, unless process conditions
noted on the individual data sheet require otherwise.
Tube construction shall be beaded, ribbed or flat except for the plain tapered
tubes used for armoured type. Plain tapped tubes shall have internal guiding.
Floats shall be self cleaning end shall be designed for maximum immunity to
viscosity variations and dimensional stability.
Rotameters shall be completely assembled with all accessories before
shipping with the orientation of connections as noted on the individual data
sheet.
When any transmitters are specified on the individual data sheet, Rotameters
shall be supplied with their associated transmitters.
The type of protection for the electrical components shall be as specified on
the individual data sheet. Ingress protection and weatherproof requirements
shall be IP 65 as a minimum.

All electrical connections shall be supplied with the threaded connection ISO
M20 × 1.5:
The flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter
body.
In some circumstances it may be necessary, when all other types of
measurement have been considered and found unsuitable, to consider
variable-area meters for applications other than those mentioned above.

The meters shall have a metal metering tube, with a pressure rating which is
compatible with the maximum process conditions.

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Rotameters used for flushing of instrument lines or dip-tube level measurement
may be of the glass tube type if the two following conditions are present: the
flushing fluid is non-hazardous i.e. Instrument air, nitrogen etc, and operating
pressure is low.

8.4 Electromagnetic Flow Meters

Where no restriction or a range-ability of more than 3:1 is required,
electromagnetic flow meters may be considered. The fluid shall have a
conductivity of at least 200 µS/m at a temperature below the specified limit.
The selection, limitations and accuracy of electromagnetic Flow meters are given
in clause 8.1.
Electromagnetic flow meters shall not be used for measuring non-conducting
fluids such as hydrocarbon liquids. Electromagnetic flowmeters generally require
a high power source of electricity to generate the magnetic field.
Bipolar pulse type electromagnetic flow meters with low power consumption shall
be used. Power supply connections shall be made generally to the flow converter
only. A power isolating switch shall be provided to facilitate local power isolation.
Where process fluids could be abrasive, counter flanges shall be provided with
detector body to prevent damage to the internal lining. Construction of coil and
internal lining shall be suitable for maximum rated temperature of the fluid.
Electromagnetic flow meters and their housing shall meet electrical certification
requirement as indicated on the individual data sheet. Ingress protection and
weatherproof requirements shall be IP65 as a minimum.
The velocity through the tube shall determine the meter size in conjunction with
the VENDOR’s recommended velocities.
The process conditions indicated on the individual data sheet shall be
considered in the selection of the lining, electrodes, and grounding requirements.
Materials of construction for the meter body and expansion bellow shall be
defined on the individual data sheet.
The meters installation shall assure that the meter body remains full of liquid.
All electrical and electronic connections shall be threaded to ISO M20×1.5.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter body.

8.5 Ultrasonic Flow Meters

Where no restriction or a range-ability of more than 3:1 is required, Ultrasonic
flow meters may be considered and:
 An electromagnetic meter would be unsuitable.
 The fluid is a gas or a liquid without any second phase, at
operating conditions.
The selection, limitations and accuracy of Ultrasonic Flow meters are given in
clause 8.1.
Ultrasonic flow meters shall be the Transit Time/ time of flight type. Single or
multiple beam designs shall be considered depending on the application, where

the greater the numbers of beams, the less the sensitivity to velocity profile
effects.

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Laminar or turbulent flows can be measured using the double path instrument
Ultrasonic flow meters shall be used for fluid measurement where no loss of
pressure can be tolerated.
Ultrasonic flow meters shall be considered for clean liquids without solids or
bubbles, and for gas services.
Normal fluid velocities are between 0.3 and 15m/s.
Flow meters with insertion probes shall have retraction mechanisms to allow on
stream probe maintenance.
Clamp on type Ultrasonic flow meters shall be used only with approval from the
COPMANY.
The VENDOR shall supply the armoured signal cable and glands for connection

between sensor and transmitter. Transmitter shall have smart capabilities.

Ultrasonic flow meters shall meet certification requirements as indicated on the
individual data sheets. Ingress protection and weatherproof requirements shall
be IP65 as a minimum.
Flanges shall be protected over the entire gasket surfaces adequately for
shipping.
Materials for Ultrasonic flow meters shall be in accordance with piping
specification of each line class as shown on the individual data sheets.
Electrical power supply will be 230 VAC, 50 HZ (UPS). Signal output shall be
4-20 mA HART.
All electrical or electronic connections shall be threaded to ISO M20 ×1.5.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter body.

8.6 Vortex Flow Meters

The use of vortex meters may be considered for liquid flows containing neither
vapours, nor dust nor soli particles. Vortex meter application may also be
considered for dry gas flows and vapour. Vortex meters are particularly useful
where the installation of orifice plate and d/p transmitter(s) becomes too complex
due to turndown ratio.
Points that shall be taken into consideration are:
 The maximum allowable operating temperature.
 The maximum allowable line size (8" typical).
 The minimum allowable pipe Reynolds number (20,000 typical)
The selection, limitations and accuracy of Vortex flow meters are given in clause
8.1.
Materials for vortex meters shall be in accordance with piping specifications of
each line class as shown of the individual data sheets.
Vortex Flow Meters shall have HART Smart 4 to 20 mA analogue outputs with
24 V DC two-wire systems derived from DCS.
The VENDOR shall inform the CONTRACTOR of the minimum working voltage
of the Vortex Flow meter.
Vortex Flow Meters shall meet electrical certification requirements as indicated
on the individual data sheets. Ingress protection and weatherproof requirements
shall be IP65 as a minimum.

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All electrical or electronic connections shall be supplied with threaded electrical
connection to ISO M20×1.5.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter body.

8.7 MASS FLOW METERS (CORIOLIS TYPE)

Coriolis flow meter shall be used only when flow measurement cannot be
obtained by measuring differential pressure, for large range-ability or severe
accuracy or corrosive services (titanium or hastelloy internal tubes)
The selection, limitations and accuracy of Coriolis Flow meters are given in
clause 8.1.
Coriolis meters shall be used to measure liquids, slurries, compressed gasses,
and liquefied gasses in line size up to 6". Gas/liquid mixtures shall be avoided.
Coriolis meters are capable of measuring mass flow rate, volumetric flow rate,
fluid density and temperature from the same sensor.
General installation shall ensure that the sensor is full of process fluid. When
measuring liquids, the sensor must not be installed at a high point, as any gas
may accumulate in the sensor. Similarly, when measuring gases, the sensor
must not be installed at a low point in the system, as any condensation may
accumulate in the sensor if the meter is installed in a vertical line, the fluid flow
shall be upwards through the sensor. Upstream downstream straight run
requirements and flow conditioning are not necessary due to independent flow
characteristics.
The body and sensor materials shall be AISI 316 stainless steel as a minimum.
Other alloys shall be used as per process fluid requirements.
Coriolis meters and associated electronic housing shall meet electrical
certification requirements as stated on the data sheets. Ingress protection and
weatherproof requirements shall be IP65 as a minimum.
Electrical connections shall be supplied with threaded connection ISO M20×1.5.
Any special cabling between the sensor head and the electronic housing shall be
supplied by the meter VENDOR. The maximum distance between the two units
shall be clearly stated by the VENDOR at the enquiry stage.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter body.

8.8 Turbine Meters

Turbine meters can provide range-ability of 10:1 and can be used for operational as well
as custody transfer applications.
The selection between turbine meter and positive displacement meter shall take into
account the following considerations:
 It may be considered for applications where a higher accuracy is required.
 The application of turbine meters is normally limited to product with
relatively low viscosity typically 10 cP;
 Turbine meters are preferred for non-lubricating liquid services such as LPG

or gasoline.
 Turbine meters require a straight length in the upstream piping.

The selection, limitations and accuracy of Turbine Flowmeter are given in clause 8.1.
Turbine meters shall be designed with hydraulic balance to keep the rotor in place and
shall have journal bearing construction.
The material of construction for body shall be as defined on the individual data sheet.
The pickup shall be hermetically sealed or potted.

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Turbine meters shall be designed for at least 130% of the flow range specified.
Each turbine meter shall have a nameplate indicating average pulse rate over the meter
range specified.
One copy of the calibration curve shall be provided with each turbine meter.
Strainers with the mesh size, material, and rating shall be installed preceding each meter.
The VENDOR shall quote suitable mesh sizes for the turbine meters for
CONTRACTOR′s review and approval.
Turbine meters shall be supplied by VENDOR with their associated power supply units,
which may have the following functions, but not limited to, in accordance with the
individual requirements specified on the individual data sheets.
 Pulse signal repeater
 Pulse signal convert to analogue signal (4-20mA)
 Flow compensatory with temperature and/or pressure signals.
 Signal converter
 Flow straightener (if required).
 Read out electronics
For the construction of turbine flow meters, two categories shall be distinguished
according to the diameter of pipe:
 Type1: Flow meters forming part of the process piping (flanged pipe spool
piece) to 4 inches.
 Type2: Insertion type flow meters. They shall be extractable while in
operation. Extraction and isolation system shall be part of flow meter supply

and shall be part of shall be part of flow meter supply and shall be designed
for safety of operator.
2½” turbine diameter is not allowed due to piping class constraints.
Turbine flow meters may be protected by fitters/strainers located upstream of the
instruments. The filters/strainers may be temporary or permanent, especially for custody
transfer metering purposes.
Turbine Meters and their housing shall meet electrical certification requirements as
stated on the data sheets. Ingress protection and weatherproof requirements shall be IP65
as a minimum.
Electrical connections shall be supplied with the threaded connection ISO M20×1.5.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the body of the meter.
Meters shall be protected, as far as practicable, against over-speed, flow and shocks.

8.9 Positive Displacement Meters

Positive displacement meters are not recommended for use with non-
lubricating liquids such as propane, butane, etc. When applied for such
liquids they shall be provided with automatic pressure lubrication of bearings,
gears, etc.
Positive displacement meters shall be in accordance with API Std 1101.
Wetted parts shall be constructed from stainless steel, unless otherwise
specified on the data sheets.
Temperature compensation shall be made where applicable.
Positive displacement meters shall have a direct coupled pulse generator. It
shall be provided with signal amplifiers mounted close to the meter. Where
only local indication is required, mechanically coupled counter may be used.
Positive displacement meters shall be self-protected against over-speed,
reverse flow and shocks.

8.10 Thermal Flow Meters

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This type of instrument may be used in special cases (with COMPANY approval) where a
very large range-ability is required i.e. gas flow measurement in a flare header.
Thermal flow meters shall be used to measure gaseous fluids which have constant
composition. The main application is in measurements of gas flows in quality measuring
systems and purge flow measurement to processes. Gas velocity shall not exceed 60
meters/second.
The selection, limitations and accuracy of Thermal Flow meters are given in clause 8.1.
The flow element design shall allow for field retractable packing gland assembly.
All wetted surfaces shall be stainless steel as a minimum.
Transmitter signal output shall be HART 4-20 mA.
Electrical power supplies available will be 230 VAC, 50 HZ (UPS) or 24 VDC derived
from the DCS (loop powered).
Thermal flow element and transmitter enclosures shall meet electrical certification
requirements as indicated on the individual data sheet. Ingress protection shall be
weatherproof to IP 65 as a minimum.
All electrical or electronic connections shall be threaded to ISO M20×1.5.
The VENDOR shall supply the interconnecting cabling between the element, transmitter
and the indicator display/keypad.
Flow direction shall be clearly and permanently stamped on the meter body.

9. LEVEL INSTRUMENTS
9.1 General
As a general rule level for remote transmission or local control shall be
measured from differential pressure transmitter or from displacement type
level instrument.
Displacement-type transmitter shall be selected for interface measurements.
For special applications, other principles of measurement may be considered,
such as ultrasonic instruments or instruments based on capacity,
conductivity, radar/laser or bubble type.
Gauge glasses are prohibited for LNG/LPG service (neither glass, nor
magnetic type). In this case differential pressure transmitter associated with
indicator will be used.

9.2 Differential Pressure Level Instruments

The reference leg will preferably be kept dry.
The required measuring range will normally be equal to the distance between
the instrument process connections, however it may be smaller. Also, the
required scale zero reading may not coincide with the location of the lower
process connection.
For instruments with an extended diaphragm, the diameter of the extension shall be
compatible with free passage in the nozzle. Hydrostatic head “bubbler” type level
instruments should be avoided.

9.3 Displacer Level Instruments

Level displacement transmitters shall be torque tube or LVDT type.
Displacer level instruments shall be preferably externally mounted, and
supplied with purge and chamber vent.
Internal displacer type (displacer hanging in vessel) will only be used where
conditions dictate that the level is measured internally and where turbulence

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will not detach the displacer. They shall be provided with 4" flange. Stilling
well shall be provided and shall have sufficient diameter to avoid jam due to
deposits (1” clearance minimum is required).
The following standard ranges shall be used:
 356 mm (14"), 610 mm (24”), 813 mm (32"), 1219 mm (48"),
Above 1219 mm range, differential pressure transmitter shall be used.
Upper and lower connections, shall be:
 Side-bottom or side-side, in general.
 Top-bottom is allowed for interface.

Orientable heads shall be provided, left-hand or right-hand mounted position

of housing by Vendor in accordance with the installation requirements.
External displacer connections shall not be common with other service
connections such as water drain or pump-out lines.
Radiation fins shall be specified for high temperature, and extension for low
temperature.
For liquid interface services, special attention shall be paid to the diameter of
the displacer or float to achieve a satisfactory sensitivity, especially when the
difference in densities is small. For measuring level interfaces with density
difference of 100 kg/m3 or less, capacitive instrument type should be
considered.
If remote signal transmission is required in addition to local control for the
same level, the level instrument shall have a local controller and a separate
mechanism for transmission ('dual pilot') to cover the full range of the level
measurement independent of controller settings.

9.4 Level Gauge Glasses

Level Gauge Glasses, transparent or reflex types, shall be provided for local
indication and to cover the operating range of all level-measuring instruments
with the exception of tank gauges.
Reflex gauge glasses shall be used only for all clean, non-viscous liquids
except the following
where transparent gauge glasses shall be used:
 Interface between two liquids.
 When the liquid temperature is below 0°C.
Gauge glass shall be provided with frost extensions.
 Liquids requiring protecting shields (mica or other).
Mica shields shall be used on steam and corrosive services.
Gauge glasses are prohibited for LNG/LPG service.

Transparent and reflex gauge-glass units shall be fabricated from glass size
type 9. The maximum coverage with a single gauge shall be 5 sections,
except for services 150 °C or higher, where gauge glasses shall be limited to
four sections maximum.

The following center to center of nozzles shall be selected:

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Nb×glass size type Visibility (mm) Distance between
centres (mm)
1x9 320 600
2x9 680 950
3x9 1040 1300
4x9 1400 1650
5x9 1760 2000

The actual range is formed by the total visible glass length of all sections per
gauge.
The total visible glass length shall cover, at the minimum, the full ranges of
other installed level instruments.
Where greater measuring range is required, multiple gauge-glasses shall be
installed. They may be installed either on a standpipe or on independent
vessel connections.
Where two or more gauge glasses are required to provide necessary overlap
the visible glass shall overlap 50 mm (minimum).
Gauge glasses shall be heavy-duty armored type.
All gauges shall be fitted with safety shut-off ball and quick acting shut-off
valves with excess flow protection on top and bottom connections.
All gauges shall be complete with off-set valves with handwheels on left or
right hand side of gauge and with bolted and union gauge connection.
Transparent-type gauge glasses shall have illuminators, suitable for the area
classification.
Tubular gauge glasses may be installed for particular applications
(atmospheric tanks, ...). They shall not be used on oil and gas service.

9.5 Level Indicators with Magnetic Coupling

Level indicator with magnetic coupling is subject to the approval of
COMPANY.

9.6 Level Switches

In general level threshold shall be derived from transmitter signals.
Ball float level switches shall be used only for special applications such as
On/Off services on mechanical equipment, e.g. for actuation of electrical
equipment, for alarm detection.
Level switches shall be specified for external mounting, side/bottom
connections wherever possible (top connection shall be avoided). The level
measuring chamber of external level switches shall be provided with vent and
drain connections.
Switch function shall be snap acting, SPDT gold plated contact or better
according to vendor recommendation, rated at least 1.0 A / 24V DC. For
currents more than this allowed current level , suitable material shall be
mentioned.
Mercury bottles switches shall not be used.
Sufficient clearance, above the vessel, shall allow the instrument removal.

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9.7 Tank Gauging Systems

Servo-operated level instruments or radar type will be used for tank gauging;
Tank gauges shall be fitted with locally mounted read-out at grade level to
provide the possibility for integrity check on the remote read-out and provide
an electrical power failure alarm.
Where the storage tanks require an average temperature measurement, the
detectors shall form part of, and be connected to, the tank gauging system.
The average temperature detectors shall be fixed by multiple resistance
elements. The temperature converter shall be built into the gauge head.
Where spot reading temperature detection is required, this shall be provided
in the lower part of the tank.
In case of servo-operated level instruments, the top flanges shall be sized to
be able to take out the float while tank is in operation.
For more information refer to RP-2224-999-1511-005 TANK GAUGING
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

10. PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS

10.1 Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitters

Refer also to § 6.2.3 Transmitters

10.1.1 RANGE
Generally the range upper limit will be 1.5 time the normal operating
pressure.
Overrange pressure protection shall be provided, up to design pressure
indicated on data sheets.
For differential pressure transmitters overrange pressure protection shall be
able to protect the sensing element from the maximum design pressure
applied to each side with the opposite side vented to atmosphere.

10.1.2 ZERO ELEVATION / SUPPRESSION

Shall be stated in data sheets if required.
Where pressure thresholds are derived from an analogue signal, the
transmitter range elevation shall be such that no threshold falls down below
10% or goes up above 90% of the transmitter signal.

10.2 Local Pressure and Differential Pressure Controllers

Local pressure controllers shall be pneumatic large case instruments with hinged and
lockable case doors. All indicated parameters shall be easily read with the case door
closed.
 Control mode : PI or PID modes according to particular data sheet,anti-reset
windup to be provided,
 Indication : Set-point,input signal,output value indicated on scales and specific
gauges (barg scales),

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 Adjustement : Easy set-point adjustement over full-scale range.Local and/or
remote adjustement with bumpless changeover facilities shall be provided
according to specific data sheets,
 Controller action : Direct or reverse;field reversible without use of additional
parts,
 Sensing element :
 For input signal coming from a transmitter : phosphor bronze or brass element
range 0.2-1 barg,
 For direct process input signal: stainless steel (AISI 316) element (usually
Bourdon tube, except for low pressure signals).

10.3 Pressure and Differential Pressure Gauges

Pressure gauges shall normally be Bourdon tube-type with external part filled
with glycerin or silicone oil, blow out device on back.
Where range requirements cannot be satisfied by Bourdon tube gauges,
other standard applicable elements shall be used (i.e.: manometer, ..).
Pressure gauge ranges shall be selected from the following series such that
normal working pressure will be between 50 and 80 % of calibrated range,
and shall be capable of withstanding over-pressure up to 1.3 time the
prevailing design pressure or relieving pressure of the equipment.

When this is not possible gauge protection devices may be employed:

 For pressures above atmospheric pressure :
0/1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 16, 25, 40, 60, 100, 160, 250, 400, 600 and 1000
barg.
 For negative pressure gauges :
-1/0 barg.
 For combined pressure/vacuum gauges :
Range according to requirement.
 dual scale (barg and %) shall be used when a pressure gauge is
used as mean to indicate a level.

Different range, relative or absolute pressure gauge may be furnished where

required for low pressure or absolute pressure measurements. Mercury filled
pressure gauge shall not be used.
In case of pulsating service, pressure gauge shall be furnished with pulsation
dampener.
Pressure gauges shall have a nominal diameter of 100 mm.
Pressure gauges for oxygen service, shall be labeled "Oxygen - keep free
from oil or grease".
Body, movement and other wetted parts of pressure gauges shall be of
316SS.
For all pressure gauges that will be installed on discharged line of pumps
pulsation dampener shall be considered as a general rule.
All of pressure gauges shall be with shutter-proof window.

10.4 Pressure Switches

In general, pressure threshold shall be derived from transmitter signal.

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Pressure switches may be considered for auxiliary application such as fire
detection systems for the detection of melting of plastic tubing, failure
detection of mechanical seals of pumps and rupture disks.
They shall have internally accessible adjusters for both set point and dead
band. Adjusters shall be provided with range indication.
Pressure switches will have standard overrange protection of minimum 130%
of range and be capable of withstanding at least 1.5 time the full static design
pressure of the system without loss of accuracy.
Switch shall be hermetically sealed contact type.
Switch function shall be snap acting, SPDT gold plated contact or better
according to vendor recommendation, rated at least 1.0 A / 24V DC. For
currents more than this allowed current level , suitable material shall be
mentioned.
Mercury switch bottle type shall not be used.

11. TEMPERATURE INSTRUMENTS

11.1 General
For process temperature up to 500°C, as a general rule, temperature
transmission shall be achieved by resistance element associated with a 4-20
mA transmitter.
Use of RTD separate amplifier and use of thermocouples shall be restricted
to machines and heaters.
RTDs and thermocouples will be ground insulated type.
Head mounted ohm/I (RTD) or mV/I (T/C) 4-20 mA smart transmitter with
HART protocol system shall be applied.
The temperature detectors shall be installed in thermowells. Standard length
thermowells shall be used.
For the measurement of fluid temperature below 0°C, the length of the head
extension shall suit the insulating thickness but the head shall extend at least
200 mm outside the insulation.

Thermowells shall be solid machined and drilled from stainless steel 316.
Primary connections shall be 1 ½ “ 300# minimum flange connections.
Where the nature of fluid requires a higher alloy or other material, the
thermowell material shall be consistent with the piping or equipment
specification. Construction drawing shall be submitted to COMPANY
approval.
Thermowells for test points shall be provided with a plug and chain.
Where high velocity gases are present, it will be necessary to check
thermowells for the “Vortex shedding Effects” and critical velocity shall be
specified by vendor in datasheet.
Minimum line size to be 4” for direct insertion. For pipe sizes less than 4”, an
eccentric 4” sized length of pipe shall be installed, and the thermowell boss
shall be welded on the eccentric part of this pipe (in order for the sensitive part
of the thermal element to be located near the axis of the main pipe).

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Where the application of thermowells would be impractical, thermocouples
and resistance thermometers may be located on the surface of pipes or
vessels, etc.
Spring-loaded sensor shall be used.

11.2 Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)

The resistance thermometer elements shall normally be of the platinum type
100 ohm at 0°C class A according to IEC 60571.
RTD ceramic type sheaths may be provided for gas phase measurement in
fire box and flue gas areas at heater, boiler, furnace, stack and large vessel,
which operate at 450°C and higher.
For high accuracy remote indication, installation of RTD's will be done using
the 3 or 4-wires method.
The resistance thermometer elements used for average temperature
measurements in storage tanks may be made of other materials, e.g. nickel
or copper, the characteristics shall then be in accordance with the
manufacturer's standard.

11.3 Thermocouples
The thermocouples shall be of the mineral-insulated metal sheathed type.
The thermocouples shall be:
Type K tolerance class 1 for temperatures from -20°C to 1000°C,
Type B tolerance class 2 for temperatures above 1000°C,
in accordance with IEC 60584-2.

Special protection tubes/sheathing and/or insulation shall be applied for

temperatures above 800°C, saliferous environment and when hydrogen
sulfide diffusion may be expected.
For services where thermowells shall be avoided (clogging/turbulence), skin-
type thermocouples may be considered. Skin-type thermocouples will be
used to measure heater coil or reactor wall temperatures with the following
requirements:
Skin-type thermocouples shall preferably by welded to the pipe,
The thermocouples shall end in a junction box containing a terminal block.

11.4 Instruments which use RTD and Thermocouple Signal

Instruments connected to thermocouples shall have automatic compensation
for temperature variations at the reference junction.
Hardwired indicating or recording instruments shall be of the electronic self-
balancing or analogue to digital conversion type. Direct operating moving coil
type instruments shall not be used.

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Instruments forming part of safety systems or temperature control systems
shall have a thermocouple burn-out feature, driving the instrument in the
direction which will cause a change to the operationally safest value.

11.5 Dial Thermometers

For local indication of temperatures up to 500°C, bi-metallic dial type
thermometers shall be provided.
Scales shall be direct reading and ranges shall be selected such that the
normal operating temperature indication is approximately mid scale.
Standard overrange protection shall be specified.
Case will be industrial type. with nominal diameter of 100 mm; every angle
type.
Where local remote indication is required, thermometer of the filled capillary
type shall be used(mercury shall not be used). Care shall be taken to ensure
that adequate protection and support is provided.
Note: Mercury filled system shall not be used.

12. PAINTING
Painting shall be according to RP 2224 999 6600 001

13. INSPECTION AND TESTING

Contractor shall issue an inspection and test plan for COMPANY. review and
approval, to define hold points, inspections and document reviews.
Inspection method for all instruments shall be in accordance with the
Supplier’s standard.
Factory inspection test for each instrument shall include :
 Checking of the conformity certificate for all classified equipment,
 Checking that the instrument complies with the general and
particular specification attached to the requisition,
 Checking of labeling,legal stamping and nameplate,
 Calibration checking.
The in line instruments such as control valves , safety valves , turbines and
other instruments as specified on individual data sheets shall be tested and
witnessed at 100% . Instruments other than above mentioned shall be subject
to random witnessed inspections at the rate of 10% of type/lat. As final
inspection the Supplier shall furnish the whole documentation concerning
verifications,checks and test defined in the inspection testing plan. The
documentation and/or certification of internal test shall be supplied by the
Vendor for all items .
The Manufacturer shall carry out pressure test according to the pressure
design indicated on the specification data sheets and code requirements.
Pressure test certificates shall be delivered by the Supplier at equipment
inspection and delivery.

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FLANGED THEMOWELL STANDARD ASSEMBLY

LINE DIAMETER LENGHT “L” FLANGED WELL STANDARD ASSEMBLY

RATING 300#,600#,900#,1500#,2500#
4” 220 mm
6” 250 mm
8” 250 mm
10” 250 mm
12” 350 mm
14” 350 mm
16” 350 mm
18” 350 mm
20” 350 mm
24” 350 mm
30” 500 mm
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36” Page 35 of 36 500 mm
42” 500 mm
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FLANGE RATING LENGHT “A”

300# 75 mm
600# 75 mm
900# 85 mm
1500# 85 mm
2500# 100 mm

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