Electric Power and
Energy Consumption
Understanding Concepts, Calculations, and Cost
Efficiency
Today, you’ll
be able to:
Define and explain electric power, energy, and efficiency, and describe their
relation to household electricity usage.
Calculate energy consumption.
Determine the cost of electricity by calculating the total energy used.
Electric Power, Energy and Efficiency
The rate at which electrical energy is
Electric Power consumed or produced . (Watts or Kilowatts).
Energy The capacity to do work. (kWh)
The ratio of useful energy output to the total
Efficiency energy input, often expressed as a
percentage.
Energy Consumption
Energy consumption refers to the amount of energy used by
various systems, devices, or processes. In everyday terms, it
can refer to how much energy is being used to power lights,
heating, cooling, appliances, vehicles, and other machinery.
Energy Consumption E=Pxt
Formula Where:
E - energy (Watt-hours or Kilowatt-hours)
P – Power (Watts or Kilowatts)
t – Time (hours)
E X AM P L E
Energy Consumption
A 1500-watt electric heater is used for 5 hours a day. How much energy is
consumed by the heater in kilowatt-hours (kWh) over the course of a week?
STEP 1: WHAT ARE THE GIVEN AND STEP 2: WHICH FORMULA WILL WE BE
M ISSING VALUES? USING?
P Power (P) = 1.5 kW
t Time (t) = 5 hours
E=Pxt
E Energy (E) = ? ; in a week
E X AM P L E
Energy Consumption
A 1500-watt electric heater is used for 5 hours a day. How much energy is
consumed by the heater in kilowatt-hours (kWh) over the course of a week?
STEP 3: SUBSTITUTE THE VALUES. STEP 4: SOLVE.
Energy Consumption per day: Energy Consumption for 7 days:
E = 52.5 kWh
E = 1.5 kW (5hrs)
E = 7.5 kWh
Answer:
Energy Consumption for 7 day: The heater consumes 52.5 kWh of
E = 7.5 kWh (7) energy over the course of a week.
Try this!
A microwave oven consumes 0.6 kWh of energy
and runs on a 120-volt power source. It is used
for 30 minutes daily. How much energy (in kWh)
does the microwave use over 30 days? What is
the power rating of the microwave, and what is
the current flowing through it?
AN S W E R :
Try this! E = 0.6-kWh – per day
A microwave oven consumes 0.6 Step 1:
Voltage (V) = 120-V
Time (t) = 0.5 hrs
kWh of energy and runs on a 120-volt What are the given
power source. It is used for 30 and missing values?
Energy (E) = ? ; in 30 days
Power (P) = ?
minutes daily. How much energy (in
Current (I) = ?
kWh) does the microwave use over
30 days? What is the power rating of E= Pxt
the microwave, and what is the
Step 2: E
Which formula will
E= Pxt P=
current flowing through it? P t
we be using?
I=
V
E = 0.6 kWh (30) = 18kWh
Steps 3 & 4:
P = 0.6 kWh/0.5hr = 1.2 kW
I = 1200 W / 120V = 10A
Substitute the values, The microwave consumes 18 kWh of energy over 30
then solve.
days.
The power rating of the microwave is 1.2 kW.
The current flowing through the microwave is 10 A.
Energy Billing
Energy billing in electricity involves calculating the amount of
electricity consumed by a customer during a billing cycle. The usage
is typically measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh), and the total charge is
determined by multiplying the usage by the applicable rate.
Energy Billing C = E x Rate
Formula Where:
C – Cost (total amount to be paid)
E - energy (Watt-hours or Kilowatt-hours)
Rate – price rate (price per kWh)
E X AM P L E
Energy Billing
If your electrical bill for this month was P4,000 and you used 400 kWh of
electricity, what is the rate per kWh?
STEP 1: WHAT ARE THE GIVEN AND STEP 2: WHICH FORMULA WILL WE BE
M ISSING VALUES? USING?
C Cost (C) = P4,000
E Energy (E) = 400 kWh
R = C/E
R Rate (R) = ?
E X AM P L E
Energy Billing
If your electrical bill for this month was P4,000 and you used 400 kWh of
electricity, what is the rate per kWh?
STEP 3: SUBSTITUTE THE VALUES. STEP 4: SOLVE.
R = P10 / kWh
R = (P4000)/(400kWh)
Answer:
The electricity rate is ₱10 per
kWh.
Try this!
A household uses three appliances with the
following power ratings and usage durations: an
air conditioner rated at 1.5 kW running for 5
hours a day, a refrigerator rated at 0.2 kW
running 24 hours a day, and an electric fan rated
at 0.1 kW running for 8 hours a day. If the
electricity rate is ₱8 per kWh, calculate the total
cost for the month, assuming the month has 30
days.
