SR BOTANY 1:5 IMP QUESTIONS 2024-25
I. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
QUESTION NO-1
1. Define water potential. What is the value of water potential of pure water?
2. What are apoplast and symplast?
3. How does guttation differ from transpiration?
4. Compare the pH of guard cells during the opening and closing of stomata
5. How does ABA bring about the closure of stomata under water stress conditions?
6. What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?
QUESTION NO-2
1. Define hydroponics
2. Name the essential mineral elements that play an important role in photolysis of water
3. Explain the role of the pink colour pigment in the root nodule of legume plants. What is it called?
4. Which element is regarded as the 17th essential element? Name a disease caused by its deficiency.
5. Write the balanced equation of nitrogen fixation.
6. Explain the role of the pink colour pigment in the root nodule of legume plants. What is it called?
QUESTION NO-3
1. What are pleomorphic bacteria? Give an example
2. What is transduction? Who discovered it and in which organism
3. What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism
4. What is genophore?
5. What are virulent phages? Given an example.
6. Define ‘lysis’and ‘burst size’ with reference to viruses and their effects on host cells.
QUESTION NO-4
1. Explain the terms phenotype and genotype
2. What is point mutation? Give an example.
3. Who proposed the chromosomes theory of inheritance?
4. What is the cross between the F1 progeny and the homozygous recessive parent called? How is it usefull
5. Define true breeding. Mention its significance.
QUESTION NO-5
1. What is meant by charging of tRNA?
2. What is the function of the codon AUG?
3. Write any two chemical difference between DNA and RNA
4. The proportion of nucleotides in a given nucleic acid are: Adenine 18%, Guanine 30%, Cytosine 42%,
and Uracil 10%. Name the nucleic acid and mention the number of strands in it.
5. Define stop codon. Write the codons.
QUESTION NO-6
1. What is the difference between exons and introns?
2. What is meant by capping and tailing?
3. What are the components of a nucleotide?
4. What is the function of DNA polymerase?
5. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Which of the two is transcriptionally active?
QUESTION NO-7
1. What is palindromic sequence?
2. What is the full form of PCR? How is it useful in biotechnology?
3. What is down-stream processing?
4. How can you differentiate between exonucleases and endonucleases?
5. What is EcoRI? How does it function?
QUESTION NO-8
1. What is GEAC and what are its objectives?
2. Name the nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants. Name the strategy adopted to prevent this
infestation.
3. For which variety of Indian rice. Has a patent been filed by a USA company.
4. Give one example for each of transgenic plants which are suitable for food processing and those with
improved nutritional quality
5. Give a different types of cry genes and pests which are controlled by the proteins encoded by these genes
QUESTION NO-9
1. Why does ‘Swiss cheese’ have big holes? Name the bacteria responsible for it.
2. Name any two genetically modified crops.
3. What is Nucelopolyhedrovirus is being used for now a days?
4. Name any two industrially important enzymes.
5. Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of penicillin as an antibiotic
QUESTION NO-10
1. Name an immunosuppressive agent.
2. What are fermentors?
3. Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statins lower blood cholesterol level?
4. Write the most important characteristic that Aspergillus Niger, Clostridium butylicum and Lactobacillus
share
5. Why do we prefer to call secondary waste water treatment as biological treatment?
II. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
QUESTION NO-11
1. Define transpiration. Explain the structure and mechanism of opening and closing of stomata
2. How does ascent of sap occur in tall tress?
3. “Transpiration is a necessary evil”. Explain.
4. Transpiration and Photosynthesis a compromise. Explain.
5. Explain the steps involved in the formation of root nodule
6. Explain in brief how plants absorb essential elements
QUESTION NO-12
1. Explain different types of cofactors.
2. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action.
3. Write briefly about enzyme inhibitors
QUESTION NO-13
1. Explain the structure of the chloroplasts? Draw a neat labeled diagram.
2. Tabulate C3/C4 differencess any eight.
3. Describe C4 cycle
QUESTION NO-14
1. Write a note on agricultural/horticultural applications of auxins.
2. Write the physiological response of gibberellins in plants.
3. Write any four physiological effects of cytokinins in plants.
4. What are the physiological process that are regulated by ethylene in plants?
5. Which one of the plant growth regulations would you use if you are asked to
a) Induce rooting in a twig b) Quickly ripen a fruit c) Delay leaf senescence
d) Induce growth in axillary buds e) ‘Bolt’ a rosette plant
f) Induce immediate stomatal closure in leaves g) Overcome apical dominance
h) Kill dicotyledonous weeds.
QUESTION NO-15
1. What is ICTV? How are viruses name?
2. Explain the structure of TMV
3. Explain the structure of T-even bacteriophage
4. Explain the conjugation in bacteria.
5. How are bacteria classified on the basis of number and distribution of flagella?
6. How are bacteria classified on the basis of morphology?
QUESTION NO-16
1. On the diagram of the secondary structure of tRNA shown below indicate the location of the following
features?
a) Anticodon b) Acceptor stem c) Anticodon stem d) 5’end e) 3’end
2. Draw the schematic/ diagrammatic presentation of the lac operon.
3. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
4. Write the important features of Genetic code?
5. Write briefly on nucleosomes
QUESTION NO-17
1. What is a bio-reactor? Describe briefly the stirring type of bioreactor.
2. List out the beneficial aspects of transgenic plants.
3. Give a brief account of
a) Bt. Cotton b) Pest resistant plants
QUESTION NO-18
1. Differentiate between the following.
a) Dominant and Recessive b) Homozygous and Heterozygous c) Monohybrid and Dihybrid
2. Define and design a test-cross
3. Explain the following terms with examples. a) Co-dominance b) Incomplete dominance
4. Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel
5. Explain the law of Dominance using a monohybrid cross.
III. LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:
QUESTION NO-19
1. Give an account of glycolysis. Where does it occur? What are the end products? Trace the fate of these
products in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
2. Explain the reactions of Krebs cycle.
QUESTION NO-20
1. Explain briefly the various processes of recombinant DNA technology
2. Give a brief account of the tools of recombinant DNA technology
QUESTION NO-21
1. You are Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps that you will undertake
to release a new variety
2. Describe the tissue culture technique and what are the advantages of tissue culture over conventional
method of plant breeding in crop improvement programme?
