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3.3 Matrices and Linear Transformations

The document covers the concepts of linear transformations, specifically focusing on finding the standard matrix and determining if a transformation is onto or one-to-one. It defines key terms and theorems related to linear transformations, including conditions for one-to-one and onto mappings. Additionally, it provides examples of common linear transformations and their corresponding standard matrices.

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67 views3 pages

3.3 Matrices and Linear Transformations

The document covers the concepts of linear transformations, specifically focusing on finding the standard matrix and determining if a transformation is onto or one-to-one. It defines key terms and theorems related to linear transformations, including conditions for one-to-one and onto mappings. Additionally, it provides examples of common linear transformations and their corresponding standard matrices.

Uploaded by

talialeeya1011
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Algebra from Elementary to Advanced Course 1: Linear Systems and Matrix Equations

3.3 Matrices and Linear Transformations


Objectives
★ Find the standard matrix of a linear transformation.
★ Identify whether a linear transformation is onto and one-to-one.

Definitions
● The standard matrix for the linear transformation is the matrix such that
for all in the domain of .
● A transformation is onto if each vector in is the image of at
least one vector in .
● A transformation is one-to-one if each vector in is the image of at most
one vector in . In other words, is onto when whenever .

Theorems

The Standard Matrix of a Linear Transformation


Let to be a linear transformation. Then there is a unique matrix such that
for all in .

This matrix is the matrix whose th column is the vector , where is the th
column of the identity matrix:

One-to-One Transformations
The linear transformation to is one-to-one if and only if the equation has only
the trivial solution.
Linear Algebra from Elementary to Advanced Course 1: Linear Systems and Matrix Equations

One-to-One and Onto Transformations and Matrices


Let be the standard matrix for the linear transformation to . Then
● maps onto if and only if the columns of span
● is one-to-one if and only if the columns of are linearly independent.

Common Linear Transformations and Matrices


The following tables list some linear transformations and their standard matrices.

Reflections
Transformation Standard Matrix

Reflection through the -axis

Reflection through the -axis

Reflection through the line

Reflection through the line

Reflection through the origin

Contractions and Expansions


Transformation Standard Matrix

Horizontal contraction or expansion by a factor


of

Vertical contraction or expansion by a factor of


Linear Algebra from Elementary to Advanced Course 1: Linear Systems and Matrix Equations

Shears
Transformation Standard Matrix

Horizontal shear by a factor of

Vertical shear by a factor of

Projections
Transformation Standard Matrix

Projection onto the -axis

Projection onto the -axis

Other Resources
You can further explore this lesson’s topics at the following links.
● Webpage: Interactive Linear Algebra - 3.1 Matrix Transformations
● Webpage: Interactive Linear Algebra - 3.2 One-to-One and Onto Transformations
● Webpage: Rotation Matrices Explained (Data Genetics Blog)

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