GEOMETRY CLASS X – IMPORTANT TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

Chapter 1 SIMILARITY
P.S. 1.1

Q2. In the adjoining figure, BC  AB, AD  AB, BC = 4, AD = 8, then

find

Q3. In the adjoining figure, seg PS  seg RQ, seg

QT  seg PR. If RQ = 6, PS = 6 and PR = 12, then
find QT.

P.S. 1.2

Q1. In given triangle , Identify in which figures, ray PM is the

bisector of ∠QPR.

Q4. Measures of some angles in the figure are

given. Prove that =

Q9. In ∆ABC, seg BD bisects ∠ABC. If AB = x, BC x+ 5,

AD = x – 2, DC = x + 2, then find the value of x.

Q10. In the adjoining figure, X is any point in the interior of

triangle. Point X is joined to vertices of triangle. Seg PQ  seg
DE, seg QR  seg EF. Fill in the blanks to prove that, seg PR 
seg DF.

Q11. In ∆ABC, ray BD bisects ∠ABC and ray CE bisects ∠ACB. If seg
AB = seg AC, then prove that ED  BC.

P.S. 1.3
Q5. Given: In trapezium PQRS, side PQ  side SR, AR = 5 AP, AS = 5
AQ, then prove that SR = 5 PQ.
Q7. ꠸ ABCD is a parallelogram. Point E is
on side BC. Line DE intersects ray AB in
point T. Prove that DE × BE = CE × TE.
Q9. In the adjoining figure, in ∆ABC, point D is on side BC such
that, ∠BAC = ∠ADC. Prove that, CA2 = CB × CD

P.S. 1.4
Q3. If ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, A(∆ABC) = 80, A(∆PQR) = 125, then fill in the blanks.
Q4. ∆LMN ~ ∆PQR, 9 × A(∆PQR) = 16 × A(∆LMN). If QR = 20, then find MN.
Q6. ∆ABC and ∆DEF are equilateral triangles. If A(∆ABC): A(∆DEF) = 1:2 and AB = 4, find
DE.
Q7. In the adjoining figure, seg PQ  seg DE, A(∆PQF) = 20 sq. units, PF = 2 DP, then find
A (꠸ DPQE) by completing the following activity.

PROBLEM SET 1
Q4. In the adjoining figure, ∠ABC = ∠DCB = 90°, AB = 6, DC = 8,

then = ?

Q9. In ∆PQR, seg PM is a median. Angle bisectors of ∠PMQ

and ∠PMR intersect side PQ and side PR in points X and Y
respectively. Prove that XY  QR
Complete the proof by filling in the boxes.

Q10. In the adjoining figure, bisectors of ∠B and ∠C of ∆ABC intersect

each other in point X. Line AX intersects side BC in point Y.

AB = 5, AC = 4, BC = 6, then find

Q 11. In ꠸ABCD, seg AD  seg BC. Diagonal AC and diagonal

BD intersect each other in point P. Then show that =

Q12. In the adjoining figure, XY  seg AC. If 2 AX = 3 BX and

XY = 9, complete the activity to find the value of AC.

Q13. In the adjoining figure, the vertices of

square DEFG are on the sides of ∆ABC. If ∠A = 90°, then prove that
DE2 = BD × EC.
(Hint: Show that ∆GBD is similar to ∆ CFE. Use GD = FE = DE.)

THEOREMS
1. Basic Proportionality theorem 2. Angle bisector Theorem
 CHAPTER 2 PYTHAGORAS THEOREM

P.S. 2.1

Q3. In the adjoining figure, ∠QPR = 90°, seg PM ⊥ seg QR and

Q – M – R, PM = 10, QM = 8, find QR.

Q4. See adjoining figure. Find RP and PS using

the information given in ∆PSR.

Q7. In the adjoining figure, ∠DFE = 90°, FG ⊥ ED. If GD = 8, FG =

12, find i. EG ii. FD, and iii. EF

Q9. In the adjoining figure, M is the midpoint of QR. ∠PRQ = 90°.

Prove that, PQ2 = 4 PM2 – 3 PR2.

P.S. 2.2
Q2. In ∆ABC, AB = 10, AC = 7, BC = 9, then find the length of the median drawn from point
C to side AB.
Q4. In ∆ABC, point M is the midpoint of side BC. If AB2 + AC2 = 290 cm,
AM = 8 cm, find BC.

Q5. In the adjoining figure, point T is in the interior of rectangle

PQRS. Prove that, TS2 + TQ2 = TP2 + TR2. (As shown in the figure,
draw seg AB  side SR and A – T – B)

PROBLEM SET 2
Q2. Solve the following examples.
i. Find the height of an equilateral triangle having side 2a.
iv. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle if remaining sides are 9 cm
and 12 cm.
v. A side of an isosceles right angled triangle is x. Find its hypotenuse.
vi. In ∆PQR, PQ = √ , QR = √ PR = √ . Is ∆PQR a right angled triangle? If yes, which angle
is of 90°?
Q8. From the information given in the adjoining
figure, prove that
PM = PN = √ × a

Q9. Prove that the sum of the squares of the diagonals of a parallelogram ¡s equal to the
sum of the squares of its sides.
 Q11. In ∆ABC, ∠BAC = 90°, seg BL and seg CM are medians of ∆ABC.
Then prove that 4 (BL2 + CM2) = 5 BC2.

Q13. Given: In ∆ABC, seg AD ⊥ seg BC, DB = 3CD

To prove: 2AB2 = 2AC2 + BC2

Q16. In the adjoining figure, ∆PQR is an equilateral triangle. Point S is

on seg QR such that QS = QR. Prove that: 9PS2 = 7PQ2.

THEOREM
1. Similarity of right angled triangles 2. Pythagoras theorem

CHAPTER 3 CIRCLE
P.S. 3.1
Q1. In the adjoining figure, the radius of a circle with
centre C is 6 cm, line AB is a tangent at A. Answer the
following questions.
i. What is the measure of ∠CAB? Why?
ii. What is the distance of point C from line AB? Why?
iii. d(A, B) = 6 cm, find d(B, C).
iv. What is the measure of ∠ABC? Why?

Q3. Seg RM and seg RN are tangent segments of a circle with centre
O. Prove that seg OR bisects ∠MRN as well as ∠MON.

P.S. 3.2
Q4. In the adjoining figure, the circles with centres P and Q
touch each other at R A line passing through R meets the circles
at A and B respectively. Prove that –
i. seg AP  seg BQ,
ii. ∆APR ~ ∆RQB, and

iii. Find ∠RQB if ∠PAR = 35°.

Q5. In the adjoining figure, the circles with centres A and B
touch each other at E. Line l is a common tangent which
touches the circles at C and D respectively. Find the length of
seg CD if the radii of the circles are 4 cm, 6 cm.
 P.S. 3.3

Q2. In the adjoining figure, AQRS is an equilateral triangle. Prove

that,
i. arc RS ≅ arc QS ≅ arc QR
ii. m(arc QRS) = 240°.

Q3. In the adjoining figure, chord AB ≅ chord CD.

Prove that, arc AC = arc BD.

P.S. 3.4

Q1. In the adjoining figure, in a circle with centre O, length of chord AB is

equal to the radius of the circle. Find measure of each of the following.
i. ∠AOB ii. ∠ACB iii. arc AB iv. arc ACB.

Q4. In the adjoining figure, seg RS is a diameter of the

circle with centre O. Point T lies in the exterior of the circle. Prove that
∠RTS is an acute angle.
Given: O is the centre of the circle, seg RS is the diameter of the circle.
To prove: ∠RTS is an acute angle.

Q7. In the adjoining figure, m (arc NS) = 125°, m(arc EF) = 37°, find
the measure of ∠NMS.

Q8. In the adjoining figure, chords AC and DE intersect at B. If ∠ABE =

108°, m(arc AE) = 95°, find m (arc DC).

P.S. 3.5

Q1. In the adjoining figure, ray PQ touches the circle at point Q.

PQ = 12, PR = 8, find PS and RS.

Q3. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of the

circle and B is a point of contact. Seg OE ⊥ seg AD, AB = 12, AC = 8, find
i. AD
ii. DC
iii. DE.
Q5. In the adjoining figure, seg EF is a diameter and seg DF is a
tangent segment. The radius of the circle is r.
Prove that, DE × GE = 4r2.
Given: seg EF is the diameter. seg DF is a tangent to the circle,
radius = r
To prove: DE × GE = 4r2

PROBLEM SET 3
Q2. Line l touches a circle with centre O at point P. If radius of the
circle is 9 cm, answer the following.
i. What is d(O, P) = ? Why?
ii. If d(O, Q) = 8 cm, where does the point Q lie?
iii. If d(O, R) = 15 cm, how many locations of point R are on line l ?
At what distance will each of them be from point P?

Q5. In the adjoining figure, ꠸ABCD is a parallelogram. It

circumscribes the circle with centre T. Points E, F, G, H are
touching points. If AE = 4.5, EB = 5.5, find AD.

Q7. In the adjoining figure, circles with

centres X and Y touch each other at point Z. A secant passing
through Z intersects the circles at points A and B respectively. Prove
that, radius XA || radius YB. Fill in the blanks and complete the
proof.

Q8. In the adjoining figure, circles with centres X and Y touch internally at
point Z. Seg BZ is a chord of bigger circle and it intersects smaller circle at
point A. Prove that, seg AX  seg BY.

Q10. In the adjoining figure, seg AB is a diameter of a circle with

centre C. Line PQ is a tangent, which touches the circle at point T.
Seg AP ⊥ line PQ and seg BQ ⊥ line PQ. Prove that seg CP ≅ seg CQ.

Q14. In the adjoining figure, O is the centre of a circle, chord PQ ≅ chord

RS.
If ∠POR = 70° and (arc RS) = 80°, find
i. m (arc PR)
ii. m (arc QS)
iii. m (arc QSR).
Q17. In the adjoining figure, chord EF  chord GH. Prove that, chord
EG ≅ chord FH. Fill in the blanks and write the proof.
Given: chord EF  chord GH
To prove: chord EG = chord FH
Construction: Draw seg GF.
 Q19. In the adjoining figure, circles with centres C and D touch internally
at point E. D lies on the inner circle. Chord EB of the outer circle
intersects inner circle at point A. Prove that, seg EA ≅ seg AB.

Q22. In the adjoining figure, two circles intersect each other at

points S and R. Their common tangent PQ touches the circle at
points P, Q.
Prove that, ∠PRQ + ∠PSQ = 180°.

Q23. In the adjoining figure, two circles intersect at points M

and N. Secants drawn through M and N intersect the circles at
points R, S and P, Q respectively. Prove that: seg SQ || seg RP.

THEOREMS
1. Tangent segment theorem
2. Cyclic quadrilateral theorem
3. Theorem of internal and external division of chords.
4. Tangent secant segment theorem

CHAPTER 4 CONSTRUCTION
P.S. 4.1
Q2. ∆PQR ~ ∆LTR. In ∆PQR, PQ = 4.2 cm, QR = 5.4 cm, PR = 4.8 cm. Construct ∆PQR and

∆LTR, such that = .

Q4. ∆AMT ~ ∆ANE. In ∆AMT, AM = 6.3 cm, ∠TAM = 50°, AT = 5.6 cm. = . Construct
∆AHE.
P.S. 4.2
Q3. Draw a circle of radius 3.6 cm. Draw a tangent to the circle at any point on it without
using the centre.
Q5. Draw a circle with radius 3.4 cm. Draw a chord MN of length 5.7 cm in it. Construct
tangents at points M and N to the circle.
Q7. Draw a circle with radius 4.1 cm. Construct tangents to the circle from a point at a
distance 7.3 cm from the centre.
PROBLEM SET 5
Q5. Draw a circle with centre P. Draw an arc AB of 100° measure. Draw tangents to the
circle at point A and point B.

Q7. ∆ABC ~ ∆LBN. In ∆ABC, AB = 5.1 cm, ∠B = 40°, BC = 4.8 cm, = . Construct ∆ABC
and ∆LBN.
 CHAPTER 5 CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY
P.S. 5.1
Q2. Determine whether the points are collinear.
ii. L (-2, 3), M (1, -3), N (5, 4)
iv. P (-2, 3), Q (1, 2), R (4, 1)
Q3. Find the point on the X-axis which is equidistant from A (-3,4) and B (1, -4).
Q5. Show that points P (2, -2), Q (7, 3), R (11, -1) and S (6, -6) are vertices of a
parallelogram.
Q7. Find x if distance between points L (x, 7) and M (1,15) is 10.
P.S. 5.2
Q3. Find the ratio in which point T (-1, 6) divides the line segment joining the points
P (-3,10) and Q (6, -8).
Q9. A (h, -6), B (2, 3) and C (-6, k) are the co-ordinates of vertices of a triangle whose
centroid is G (1,5). Find h and k.
Q11. If A (-14, -10), B (6, -2) are given, find the co-ordinates of the points which divide
segment AB into four equal parts.
P.S. 5.3
Q1. Angles made by the line with the positive direction of X-axis are given. Find the slope of
these lines.
i. 45° ii. 60° iii. 90°
Q6. Find k, if R (1, -1), S (-2, k) and slope of line RS is -2.
Q7. Find k, if B (k, -5), C (1, 2) and slope of the line is 7.

PROBLEM SET 5
Q4. Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points A (3, 8) and B (-9, 3) is
divided by the Y-axis.
Q5. Find the point on X-axis which is equidistant from P (2, -5) and Q (-2,9).
Q6. Find the distances between the following points.
i. A (a, 0), B (0, a) iii. R (-3a, a), S (a, -2a)
Q13. Find the lengths of the medians of a triangle whose vertices are A (-1, 1), B (5, -3) and
C (3,5).
Q16. Find the co-ordinates of circumcentre and radius of circumcircle of ABC if A (7, 1), B
(3,5) and C (2,0) are given.

CHAPTER 6 TRIGONOMETRY
P.S. 6.1
Q4. If 5 sec θ – 12 cosec θ = θ, find the values of sec θ, cos θ and sin θ.
Q6. Prove that:
iv. (sec θ – cos θ) (cot θ + tan θ) = tan θ. sec θ
vii. sin4 θ – cos4 θ = 1 – 2 cos2 θ
 P.S. 6.2
Q3. Two buildings are facing each other on a road of width 12 metre. From the top of the
first building, which is 10 metre high, the angle of elevation of the top of the second is
found to be 60°. What is the height of the second building?
Q4. Two poles of heights 18 metre and 7 metre are erected on a ground. The length of the
wire fastened at their tops is 22 metre. Find the angle made by the wire with the horizontal.
Q5. A storm broke a tree and the treetop rested 20 m from the base of the tree, making an
angle of 60° with the horizontal. Find the height of the tree.
PROBLEM SET
Q5. Prove the following:
ii. (sec θ + tan θ) (1 – sin θ) = cos θ
iv. cot2 θ – tan2 θ = cosec2 θ – sec2 θ
v. tan4 θ + tan2 θ = sec4 θ – sec2 θ
vii. sec6 x – tan6 x = 1 + 3 sec2 x × tan2 x

Q8. Two buildings are in front of each other on a road of width 15 metres. From the top of
the first building, having a height of 12 metre, the angle of elevation of the top of the
second building is 30°. What is the height of the second building?
Q9. A ladder on the platform of a fire brigade van can be elevated at an angle of 70° to the
maximum. The length of the ladder can be extended upto 20 m. If the platform is 2 m
above the ground, find the maximum height from the ground upto which the ladder can
reach. (sin 70° = 0.94)
Q10. While landing at an airport, a pilot made an angle of depression of 20°. Average speed
of the plane was 200 km/hr. The plane reached the ground after 54 seconds. Find the
height at which the plane was when it started landing, (sin 20° = 0.342)

CHAPTER 7 MENSURATION
P.S. 7.1
Q5. The dimensions of a cuboid are 44 cm, 21 cm, 12 cm. It is melted and a cone of height
24 cm is made. Find the radius of its base.
Q7. A cylinder and a cone have equal bases. The height of the cylinder is 3
cm and the area of its base is 100 cm2. The cone is placed up on the
cylinder. Volume of the solid figure so formed is 500 cm3. Find the total
height of the figure.

Q 8. In the given figure, a toy made from a hemisphere, a cylinder and a cone is shown.
Find the total area of the toy.
Q12. As shown in the figure, a cylindrical glass contains water. A
metal sphere of diameter 2 cm is immersed in it. Find the volume of
the water.

P.S. 7.2
Q2. The radii of ends of a frustum are 14 cm and 6 cm respectively and its height is 6 cm.
Find its
i. curved surface area, ii. total surface area, iii. volume, (π = 3.14)
P.S. 7.3
Q2. Measure of an arc of a circle is 80° and its radius is 18 cm. Find the length of the arc.
(π = 3.14)
Q4. Radius of a circle is 10 cm. Area of a sector of the circle is 100 cm2. Find the area of its
corresponding major sector, (π = 3.14)
Q6. In the adjoining figure, radius of the circle is 7 cm and m (arc MBN) =
60°, find
i. Area of the circle. ii. A(O-MBN). iii. A(O-MCN).

Q11. The area of a minor sector of a circle is 3.85 cm2 and the measure of its central angle
is 36°. Find the radius of the circle.
Q12. In the given figure, ꠸PQRS is a rectangle. If PQ = 14 cm, QR = 21
cm, find the areas of the parts x, y and z.

Q13. ∆ALMN is an equilateral triangle. LM = 14 cm. As shown in figure,

three sectors are drawn with vertices as centres and radius 7 cm. Find,
i. A (∆ LMN).
ii. Area of any one of the sectors.
iii. Total area of all the three sectors.
iv. Area of the shaded region. √ = 1.732 )
P.S. 7.4

Q4. In the adjoining figure, if O is the centre of the circle, PQ is a chord,

∠POQ = 90°, area of shaded region is 114 cm2, find the radius of the
circle, (π = 3.14)

PROBLEM SET
Q2. A washing tub in the shape of a frustum of a cone has height 21 cm. The radii of the
circular top and bottom are 20 cm and 15 cm respectively. What is the capacity of the tub?
= (π = )
Q3. Some plastic balls of radius 1 cm were melted and cast into a tube. The thickness,
length and outer radius of the tube were 2 cm, 90 cm and 30 cm respectively. How many
balls were melted to make the tube?
Q4. A metal parallelopiped of measures 16 cm × 11cm × 10cm was melted to make coins.
How many coins were made if the thickness and diameter of each coin was 2 mm and 2 cm
respectively?
Q7. A cylindrical bucket of diameter 28 cm and height 20 cm was full of sand. When the
sand in the bucket was poured on the ground, the sand got converted into a shape of a
cone. If the height of the cone was 14 cm, what was the base area of the cone?

Q10. In the adjoining figure, seg AB is a chord of a circle with centre P. If

PA = 8 cm and distance of chord AB from the centre P is 4 cm, find the
area of the shaded portion.
(π = 3.14, √ = 1.73)

Q11. In the adjoining figure, square ABCD is inscribed in the sector A-

PCQ. The radius of sector C-BXD is 20 cm. Complete the following
activity to find the area of shaded region.