Experiment 6
Title: ENTHALPY CHANGE
Hypothesis
- ENTHALPY CHANGE WITHIN AN ENDOTHERMIC REACTION WILL BE A
POSITIVE NUMBER AND WITHIN AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION IT WILL
THEREFORE RESULT IN A NEGATIVE NUMBER. THE ENTHALPY CHANGE
OF A REACTION IS ROUGHLY EQUIVALENT TO THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY
LOST OR GAINED DURING A REACTION.
Variables
Independent- enthalpy
Dependent- concentration of solutions
Controlled- thermometer
Objectives
- Understand and apply Hess's law
- Calculate enthalpy changes for reactions
Materials
- Thermometer
- Styrofoam cup
- 50 cm 3 measuring cylinder
- 100 cm 3 and 250 cm 3 beaker
Chemicals
- 0.5M sodium hydroxide
- 0.5M hydrochloric acid
- 0.5M sodium hydroxide sulphate
- 0.5M sodium sulphate
Method
- A 30 cm 3
of 0.5 mol/dm 3
HCl solution was put into the polystyrene cup
calorimeter using a measuring cylinder . A second measuring cylinder was filled
to the 30 cm 3 mark with 0.5 mol/dm 3 NaOH solution then temperature of NaOH
was measured to 22°C . The thermometer was then washed and dried to
measure the temperature of HCl in the cup to 22°C . After that temperature was
calculated. The lid of the cup was slid over the thermometer and thermometer
was mounted loosely in a clamp. NaOH was added quickly from the measuring
cylinder to the cup, then the lid was lowered on the cup and the contents were
swirled gently. After that the cup, measuring cylinder and thermometer were
washed and the thermometer was left to regain room temperature. Then for
3 3
equation 4 , 0.5 mol/dm of HCl was added with 0.5 mol/dm Na 2 SO 4 , for
3 3
equation 5 : 0.5mol/dm NAHSO 4 was added with 0.5 mol/dm NaOH , for
equation 3 : 0.5 mol /dm 3 HCl was added with 0.5 mol/dm 3 N 2 H 4 , for
equation 2 : 0.5 mol/dm 3 N 2 H 5 Cl . Then enthalpy change was calculated.
Results
Table 1
REACTION Initial Final Change in Change in
NUMBER temperature temperatur temperature temperature
e (°C) in (k)
1 23.5 28 4.5 277.65
2 5.2 278.35
3 2.0 275.15
4 24.5 23 -1.5 271.65
5 23.5 24 0.5 273.65
Table 2
Reaction Change in Q p ( J) Change in Change in
number temperature enthalpy enthalpy (
(k) (J) kj/mol)
1 277.65 72 189 -72 189 4812.6
2 278.35 72 371 -72 371 4824.7
3 275.15 71 539 -71 539 4769.3
4 271.65 70 629 -70 629 4708.6
5 273.65 71 149 -71 149 4743.3
Calculations
1. Qp = C× change in temperature
= (260J/K) ( 277.65 K)
= 72 189 J
Change in enthalpy = 72 189 J ×1KJ/1000 J ÷ 0.015mol
= 4812.6 KJ/mol
2. Qp = C × change in temperature
= (260 J/K) (278.35 K)
= 72 371 J
Change in enthalpy = 72 371 J × 1KJ/1000J ÷ 0.015mol
= 4824.7 KJ/mol
3. Qp = C× change in temperature
= (260 J/K)( 275.15 K)
= 71 539 J
Change in enthalpy = 71 539 J × 1KJ/1000J ÷ 0.015mol
= 44769.3 KJ/mol
4. Qp = C× change in temperature
= (260 J/K) (271.65 K)
= 70 629 J
Change in enthalpy = 70 629 J ×1KJ/1000J ÷ 0.015mol
= 4708.6 KJ/mol
5. Qp = C× change in temperature
= (260 J/K )( 273.65 K)
= 71 149 J
Change in enthalpy = 71 149 J ×1KJ/1000J ÷ 0.015mol
= 4743.3 KJ/mol
Discussions
- - The enthalpy change of a solution refers to the amount of heat that is released
or absorbed during the dissolving. It is the heat content of a system , the heat
that passes into or out of the system during a reaction is the enthalpy change.
Whether the enthalpy of a system increases or decrease is a crucial factor that
determines whether a reaction can happen.
Conclusion
- The heat component of a system under constant pressure is called
enthalpy. Because most chemical reactions occur at constant pressure,
enthalpy is employed to calculate the temperatures of the reaction rather
than internal energy. At constant pressure , the heat equals the system’s
enthalpy change. A reaction is favored of enthalpy of the system
decreases over the reaction.
References
- Lakeshore, M McClary. International journal of Science Education
34(15). Identification of organic products . 2317-2341 ,2012
- Christina L Wilson ,Rachelle M Bucks . International journak of
chemistry 10(2) . Identification of acids and bases in mixture , 36, 2317-2341
