LOO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Lanas, Loo, Buguias, Benguet

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS

Lesson 6: ISLAM
Pre-assessment
Directions: Read the following questions and write the letter of the correct answer before each number.
1. What is an Arabic word which means “obedience” or “submission”?
a. Zakat b. Islam c. Muslim d. Mecca
2. Where is the birthplace of Islam religion?
a. Arabian Peninsula b. Medina c. Mecca d. Syria
3. What is considered as the holiest shrine of Islam?
a. Kadija b. Kauba c. Kaiba d. Kaaba
4. Which of the following is the sacred book of Islam?
a. Torah b. Pitaka c. Quran d. Bible
5. What is the name of the God of Islam religion?
a. Yahweh b. Allah c. Elohim d. Shalom
6. One of the pillar of Islam that means “declaration of faith.
a. Shahada b. Zakat c. Hajj d. Sawm
7. This refers to pilgrimage to Mecca which performed by Muslims at least once in their lifetime.
a. Shahada b. Hajj c. Sawm d. Zakat
8. It is the sacred text of Islam.
a. Salah b. Shahada c. Quran d. Zakat
9. The pillar of Islam which means “purification” and “growth.”
a. Salah b. Sawm c. Shahada d. Zakat
10. The “black stone” can be found inside the Mecca ___ ___ ___ ___ ___.
a. Kaaba b. Quran c. Zakat d. Hajj
11. Which does not belong to the major sects of Islam?
a. Sunnis b. Shiites c. Sufis d. Sutra
12. What Islam sect is rooted from the followers of Ali Ibn?
a. Shia Islam b. Sutra Islam c. Sunni Islam d. Sufism
13. Which is not a major issue below that confronted Islam?
a. Gender equality b. Migration c. Militancy and Islam d. Immigration
14. In what part of the Philippines can we find majority of Muslims?
a. Quiapo b. Quezon c. Mindanao d. Olongapo
15. Which among the festivals is observed by Muslims during the “Day of Sacrifice”?
a. Eid al Adha b. Ramadan c. Eid al Fitr d. Hariraya Puasi

Background Information for Learners

Lesson 1: Historical Background of Islam
Islam began with the Arabian desert people around early seventh century C.E. These people had developed
their own set of beliefs prior to the establishment of Islam and had been influences by other religions for a long
period of time, including Byzantine Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. The symbols which represent the
Islamic religion are the star and the crescent.
The religion of Arabia reflected tribal beliefs in gods and goddesses who were the protectors of individual tribes.
These deities were associated with sacred objects such as trees, stones, springs, and wells. The city of Mecca was
then a significant sacred site since this is where the Kaaba is found. The Kaaba is a shrine that housed the idols of
tribal deities.
The Arabs also believed in a supreme deity, but the supreme God was not worshipped. There are also a number of
Jewish and Christian communities living in the Arabian Peninsula, and they often interacted with the Arab tribes and
cities through trade.
Muhammad is recognized as the founder of Islam and the Prophet of Allah. He was born in 570 CE into the Quraysh
tribe in Mecca. His parents died when he was young and he was raised by his uncle who was an influential tribal

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leader. Growing up, members of his tribe considered Muhammad to be a generous, honest, truthful and sincere
man.
As a young boy, he helped his uncle take care of the herds of sheep and camels. When he came of age, he joined his
uncle as he traded at various places in the Arabian Peninsula. He became renowned for his honest transactions with
his business partners. He carried out his business deals with outmost care and dignity, always keeping his word.
Affluent traders trusted his merchandizing skills and entrusted him with large amount of money.
In his twenty, he met Khadijah, a rich widow who managing the business left by her husband. He was first hired
as a caravan manager. He served with devotion and honesty. Later, they fell in love with each other and married.
During the course of their marriage, he did not have to work very hard; so he had time to think about the religious
aspects of humanity’s existence. He spent much time in deep, serious meditation. He painstakingly studied both
Judaism and Christianity, however, he was not satisfied with either of them.
He spent time praying and meditating in the cave of Mt. Hira. In those special hours, he had visions of heaven and
God. A number of times, the angel Gabriel appeared and revealed to him the faith which he later imparted to his
followers. He was commanded to preach the revelations that to worship the one supreme God, Allah, and there are
no other gods aside from Allah.
The term ‘Islam” originated from Arabic word meaning “submit”. In other words, Islam means to “surrender or
submit oneself for obedience to God or to “enter into a condition of peace and security with God through allegiance
and surrender to him.”
On the other hand, the word “Muslim” is the Arabic word for a person who submits. Therefore, a Muslim is a
“person who surrenders or submits himself to obey God”. In Arabic word, “Allah” means “the one who is God.”
The family, relatives, and friends of Muhammad were his first followers. During the initial years of Muhammad’s
preaching and as he gathered the first community of Muslims, he faced opposition and persecution form some
members of his family and from other tribes in Mecca. In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated from
Mecca to the city of Yathrib or Medina. This journey was called the Hegira and was considered by Muslims to be the
official beginning of the Islamic calendar.
Muhammad stayed in Medina for several years and preached among the tribes in the city. He was able to unite
the divided tribes of Medina who converted to Islam along with other nearby communities. The communities of
Medina soon clashed with the pagan tribes of Mecca. Muslims, led by Muhammad won several victories. In 630 CE,
he led thousands of followers into Mecca and took the city . Upon entering the city, he rededicated the Kaaba to
Allah and removed the idols from the shrine. At his death, he had managed to unite the whole Arabian peninsula as
one Islamic community.

The Spread of Islam

After Muhammad death, the leadership of the Islamic community was passed on the rightly guided caliphs, who
were the first four successors of the prophet. Their rule was considered a period of growth, expansion, and
prosperity for Islam.
*Abu Bakr – He was the first caliph. During his time, the Quran were put into writing. (before, Quran was passed on
by word of mouth.)
*Umar – second caliph – He expand Islam outside of the Arabian peninsula, and controlled territories in the Levant
and West Asia.
*Uthman – third caliph. He expanded Islam influence into Libya, Armenia, Cyprus, and Afghanistan.
There have been struggle for leadership between two prominent Islamic leaders:
-Ali ibn Abi Talib – Muhammad’s cousin, first male converted to Islam who became the leader of Shia Islam.
-Muawiyyah – Uthman’s cousin, member of influencial Umayyad family, the leader of Sunni Islam.
Lesson 2: Beliefs and Doctrines of Islam
1. Belief in One God – Allah
Islam is a monotheistic religion. Muslims believe that Allah is the one supreme God and has no partners or
equals. He is the recognized Creator and Sustainer of the universe. Allah is a unique, incomparable God, and is the
one that should be worshipped solely by believers.

2.Sacred texts: The Holy Quran and hadith

Muslims recognize the Quran which literally means “recitation or reading” as the word of God revealed to the
Prophet Muhammad. A person who is able to memorize the Quran in its entirety is called hafiz (“guardian”) while its
female counterpart is called hafiza. The Hadith refers to the reports regarding the sayings and actions of the Prophet
Muhammad and his followers. It is considered to be an important guide in understanding the revelations in Quran
and has a significant influence on Islamic Law (shari’a law), second to the Quran.

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3.The Five Pillars of Islam
These refers to the five duties that every Muslim must perform which is also known as arkan al-din. These acts
are integrated into the lives of Muslims and take precedence over worldly matters. By performing these duties,
Muslims live out their Islamic faith and bring themselves closer to salvation.
1. Shahada – declaration of faith (“there is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of Allah”)
2. Salah –(pray) Muslims must offer a prayer five times a day. (dawn, midday, late afternoon, sunset, and nightfall.)
3. Zakat –(charity) an annual wealth tax that serves as just and lawful claim of the poor against the affluent ones. The
word zakat means “purification” and “growth.
4. Sawm (fasting). This practice involve fasting and self-control during the holy month of Ramadan. It is done by all
Muslims to express obedience to Allah and the readiness to relinquish pleasures in their lives. It is another method
of self-purification.
5.Hajj – (pilgrimage). It is a pilgrimage Mecca which must be performed by Muslims at least once in their lifetime.
Important structures that a Muslim must visit are the “Grand Mosque” (Al-Masjid al-Haram) in Mecca which houses
the most sacred site of Islam, the Kaaba (“House of Allah”),
4. Islamic Ethics – it is centered on following the commandments of the Quran and observing Sharia law. Islam also
places great emphasis on solidarity and community, thus the rule of law and respect for fellowmen should be upheld
by all Muslims. The shari’a law concept of law and justice in Islam, or the shari’a (“the road to the watering place”), is
based upon the Quranic verses as revealed by God to Muhammad.
Islamic jurisprudence or the science of Islamic law is called fiqh. All aspects of Muslim way of life and actions are
covered through fiqh. Human behavior may be classified into five categories: forbidden (haram), discouraged
(makruh), neutral (mubah), recommended (mandub), and obligatory (fard).

Lesson 3: Subdivisions and Related Issues in Christianity

Similar to most major religions, Islam also has sects, which vary primarily as to how these sects interpret
some aspects of the Islamic faith and of the Quran. In as much as Muslims agree on the fundamental tenets of the
Islam religion, variation do occur in many of their beliefs and practices.

1. SUNNI MUSLIMS (The Sunnis)

Majority of the Muslims, around 87% to 90% of the entire Islam believers, belong to the Sunni denomination.
The Sunnis (“Followers of the Smooth path”) are traditionalists and are considered the orthodox of Islam as they
endeavor to follow the original religion established by Muhammad and guided by the first four caliphs. They believe
that any Muslim can be a ruler and he does not need to prove his lineage to Muhammad as long as he gets the
approval and confidence of the “ummah” or community.
2. SHI’A ( The Shi’ites)
The Shi’ite Muslim are the largest faction within the Islam religion that separated from the rest of the
community. For the Shi’ites, Ali was the first imam and the rightful spiritual and political successor of Muhammad.
The main Shi’ites sects are the Seveners, Twelvers, and Ibadis. The Seveners believe that there were seven imams,
and can be found in India, Yemen and part of Africa. The twelvers claimed that there are twelve imams with most
believers found in Iran. Finally, the Ibadis believe that the community may elect any appropriate Muslim as imam.
They mostly found in Oman.
3. SUFI
Muslims whose concern mainly dwell for a mystical union with God are collectively called Sufis. Their name
originate from the word “suf” that means “woolen” since they wore coarse wool garments or robes to symbolize
poverty and denunciation of worldly pleasures. A Sufi can be a Sunni or Shi’ite
Muslim. Most Sufi practitioners practice discipline, poverty, abstinence, and celibacy in some instances. They insist
that it is possible to have union with God through mystical experience.

MAJOR ISSUES CONFRONTING ISLAM

1. Gender Equality – Islamic society as a whole remains patriarchal; women are required to obey their husbands and
observe dress codes such as wearing the hijab or veil. Women and young girls in many Islamic countries still lag
behind when it comes to education. In the Arab states, females compose 54% of the out-of-school population. Many
Islamic states also limit the role of women in the workplace and in politics.
With regards to homosexuality, Islamic doctrine condemns homosexual acts. Many Muslims see homosexuality
as a moral disorder, a disease, sin, and corruption. Same-sex intercourse carries the penalty of death in five Muslim
nations: Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, Sudan, and Yemen.

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2. The Holy War (Jihad)- one controversial requirement placed upon Muslims by their faith concerns holy war or
Jihad. It is frequently mistranslated term. Actually Jihad means “effort” or “struggle” to convince unbelievers to
pursue the Muslim way of life. Meaning, a Muslim going to war to wipe out the infidels in the name of Allah.
Presently, jihad has remained a vague issue especially now that Arab nations have been less apprehensive to
commit to war a unified Muslims versus non-Muslims.

3. Militancy and Terrorism – Islam has been associated with terrorism and violence due to emergence of Muslim
terrorist groups. The actions of terrorists, coupled by the views shaped by the media, has led to the promotion of
stereotypes which has resulted in prejudice against Muslims throughout the world.
Extremism, fanaticism and radicalism in Islam can be traced to the Kahrijites, a group of Muslim rebels who
opposed Uthman and Ali during the 7th century CE. This group developed extreme doctrines that set them apart
from both Sunni and Shia Muslims. They viewed other Muslims outside of their own group as infidels who are
worthy of death.

4. Migration - Europe has experienced increased rates of migration since the mid-20th century. During the 1960’s,
the percentage of Muslim immigrants to Europe has significantly increased. The emergence of Muslim communities
throughout Europe has sparked many debates regarding immigration and integration policies.
Conflicts throughout the Middle East and Arab Region has led to increased numbers of migrants, most of
whom come from the war-torn country of Syria, seeking asylum in Europe. The arrival of immigrants into European
states often results in difficulties in integration, as many Muslim communities experience prejudice and are often
isolated from mainstream European society. This treatment of immigrant has led to growing resentment among
young Muslims and in turn, it often leads Muslims to subscribe to extremist views propagated by militant Muslim
organizations which lead them to participate in terroristic activities.

Learning Competency (MELCs)

Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related issues of Islam.

Directions/Instructions
Read the specific instruction for each of the exercises below. Put your answers in the answer sheet and/or use
separate sheets of paper (intermediate pad or coupon bond) if the space provided is not enough.

Exercises/Activities
A. Direction: Supply the missing word/s in the blanks to complete the paragraph. Write your answer on the space
provided.
Life of Muhammad
He was born to a powerful but impoverished clan, who was not to inherit wealth. ____(1)__________, Muhammad’s
father who died in Yathrib before he was born to his mother Aminah. God willed his truth to a fixed abode,
transferring the Purified One to Aminah. She became pregnant with one of the Light of Essence. Muhammad was
sent to the country to live with a wet nurse and he will return to his family until he was __(2)____ years old.
_______(3)____ took care of Muhammad, she is a member of the tribe BanuAsad and was married to a
_______(4)_____. Muhammad enjoyed his childhood roaming the countryside with Halimah’s family. Muhammad’s
mother did not survive the journey going to Yathrib, thus Muhammad became an _____(5)____ when he reached
Mecca.
In his ____(6)___ , he met _____(7)________, a rich widow who managing the business left by her husband. He was
first hired as a caravan manager. He served with devotion and honesty. Later, they fell in love with each other and
married. Khadija’s been supporting Muhammad to his religious duties.
One day, while Muhammad was praying in ___(8)_______, an angel ___(9)______ appeared to him. He was
commanded to preach the revelations that to worship the one supreme God, ___(10)_______ , and there are no
other gods aside from Allah.

B. Direction: Supply the missing word/s in the blanks to complete the sentence.
1. Muslims are divided into three major sects: _______ , ________, ________.
2. Islam is a _________________ religion. Muslims believe in one supreme God. 3. Islamic faith also centers on five
primary duties which are called ________________________________.
4. It is the requirement to Islam believers to give alms for the charity: ____________
5. The __________ are the members of mystic and ascetic branch of Islam who believe that they are able to
establish direct communion with God.
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Post-Test
A. Multiple Choices. Read the following questions and write the letter of the answer before each number.
1. He was Uthman’s cousin who led the Sunni Muslims.
a. Muawiyyah b. Ali ibn Abi Talib c. Abu Bakr d. Umar
2. Two important symbols which represent the Islamic religion.
a. The Star and the Crescent b. Sickle and Hammer c. Sun and Stars d. Cross and Fish
3. It is an Arabic word which means “submit”.
a. Islam b. Sawm c. Allah d. Zakat
4. He is the founder of Islam and the prophet of Allah.
a. Muhammad b. Umar c. Uthman d. Abu Bakr
5. It is a shrine that housed the idols of tribal deities in Mecca.
a. Kaaba b. Sawm c. Zakat d. Medina
6. What do you call the Muslims’ practice which involves fasting and self-control during holy month?
a. Sawm b. Zakat c. Hajj d. Salah
7. What book is considered as the reports regarding the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad?
a. Quran b. Hadith c. Torah d. Shahada
8. How many times should Muslims pray every day?
a. 4 times b. 5 times c. 3 times d. 8 times
9. Who was considered as the last prophet of Allah?
a. Abu Bkar b. Uthman c. Muhammad d. Umar
10. The following were the caliphs of Islam EXCEPT________
a. Uthman b. Umar c. Abu Bakr d. Shia
11. In what rank is Islam considered as one of the biggest religions in the world?
a. 1st b. 2nd c. 3rd d. 4th
12. Who was the first person to accept Islam at the call of Muhammad?
a.Ali Ibn b. Abu Bakr c. Khadijah d. Zayd Ibn
13. How do Muslims regard Muhammad?
a. A prophet b. A regular human c. An angel d. Apostle
14. What is the reason why Sunnis and Shias parted ways?
a. Disagreement about the chapters of the Quran
b. Disagreement about what kind of clothing women should wear
c. Difference in opinion over who should lead the Muslim community following Muhammad’s death
d. Difference of opinion about where the early Muslim community should make its home
15. Which of the following is not an essential part of Islamic belief?
a. The belief in the oneness of God c. The belief in sorcery
b. The belief in the Day of Judgment d. The belief in prophet

B. Short Essay-writing (CHOOSE ONE)

1. As a person can you identify the good characteristic of Muhammad that you would like to emulate and
apply it in your daily life? Explain your answer through a personal essay.
2. Discuss your thoughts regarding the questions below.
1.How do you think global terrorism affected Islam as a religion in the eyes of the world? Explain.
2.In your own perspective, what are the effects brought about by the terrorism on innocent
Muslims in their everyday lives? How about in the community where they live?

C. Poster Making/Graph presentation (CHOOSE ONE)

1. Islam, considered as the youngest monotheistic religion also have their doctrines and beliefs that must
be strictly followed by its followers. After acquiring knowledge about doctrines and beliefs of Islam, make a
poster which shows the values of Islamic faith that you can relate the most. Explain.
2. Make a graph comparing the subdivisions of Islam. Explain each of the major issues confronting the
Islamic religion

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Rubric for Scoring
Rubric for Essay
The content and ideas are organized in a clear, logical manner. 5 4 3 2 1
The answer conveys a genuine personal view regarding the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The work is original and does not contain plagiarized content. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

Rubric for Poster-Making/Graph presentation

Criteria Rating
The Poster clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The Poster highlights important information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The quality of the output reflects the illustrator’s creativity. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)

References
1. Ong, Jerome & Mary Dorothy Jose, 2016, World Religions and Belief Systems Textbook, First Edition.
Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc.
2. Paragas, Maribeth & Helen Grade Gutierrez, 2020, Quarter 1 – Module 16: Historical Background of Islam, First Edition. Pasig City: DepEd –
Schools Division of Pasig City.
3. Paragas, Maribeth & Helen Grade Gutierrez, 2020, Quarter 1 – Module 17: Beliefs and Doctrines of Islam, First Edition. Pasig City: DepEd –
Schools Division of Pasig City.
4. Paragas, Maribeth & Helen Grade Gutierrez, 2020, Quarter 1 – Quarter 1 – Module 18: Subdivisions and Related Issues in Islam, First Edition.
Pasig City: DepEd – Schools Division of Pasig City.

Prepared by

Charles Mark M. Palaroan

Subject Teacher

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

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 INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS
Answer Sheet for Lesson 6: ISLAM

Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section: ___________

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems class! Your determination to push
through with your studies is highly commendable. Please find time to study our sixth lesson: Islam, and accomplish
the required tasks within the given period. Output # 1 (Post Assessment A) will be recorded as your written works
(40%) while output #2 (Assessment B & C) will be recorded as your performance task (60%). You are to submit only
your answer sheet. Keep the module for future reference.

OUTPUT #1. POST ASSESSMENT A (Multiple Choices)

1. 6. 11.
2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 13.
4. 9. 14.
5. 10. 15.

OUTPUT # 2. POST ASSESMENTS A(Essay Writing) or C (Poster-Making)

Post Assessment B (Essay writing)
Direction: Write a short essay by discussing one of the two questions below.
1. As a person can you identify the good characteristic of Muhammad that you would like to emulate and apply it in
your daily life? Explain your answer through a personal essay.
2. Discuss your thoughts regarding the questions below:
1.How do you think global terrorism affected Islam as a religion in the eyes of the world? Explain.
2.In your own perspective, what are the effects brought about by the terrorism on innocent Muslims in
their everyday lives? How about in the community where they live?

Post Assessment C – Poster-Making/Graph presentation (Choose ONE of the following):

1. Islam, considered as the youngest monotheistic religion also have their doctrines and beliefs that must be strictly
followed by its followers. After acquiring knowledge about doctrines and beliefs of Islam, make a poster which
shows the values of Islamic faith that you can relate the most. Explain.
2. Make a graph comparing the subdivisions of Islam. Explain each of the major issues confronting the Islamic
religion

“In this life, we cannot always do great things. But we can do small things with great love.”
-St. Teresa-

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