What is Artificial Neural Network?
The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural
networks that develop the structure of a human brain. Similar to the
human brain that has neurons interconnected to one another, artificial
neural networks also have neurons that are interconnected to one another
in various layers of the networks. These neurons are known as nodes.
The given figure illustrates the typical diagram of Biological
Neural Network.
The typical Artificial Neural Network looks something like the
given figure.
Dendrites from Biological Neural Network represent inputs in Artificial
Neural Networks, cell nucleus represents Nodes, synapse represents
Weights, and Axon represents Output.
Relationship between Biological neural network and artificial neural
network:
Biological Neural Network Artificial Neural Ne
Dendrites Inputs
Cell nucleus Nodes
Synapse Weights
Axon Output
An Artificial Neural Network in the field of Artificial
intelligence where it attempts to mimic the network of neurons makes
up a human brain so that computers will have an option to understand
things and make decisions in a human-like manner. The artificial neural
network is designed by programming computers to behave simply like
interconnected brain cells.
There are around 1000 billion neurons in the human brain. Each neuron
has an association point somewhere in the range of 1,000 and 100,000. In
the human brain, data is stored in such a manner as to be distributed, and
we can extract more than one piece of this data when necessary from our
memory parallelly. We can say that the human brain is made up of
incredibly amazing parallel processors.
We can understand the artificial neural network with an example, consider
an example of a digital logic gate that takes an input and gives an output.
"OR" gate, which takes two inputs. If one or both the inputs are "On," then
we get "On" in output. If both the inputs are "Off," then we get "Off" in
output. Here the output depends upon input. Our brain does not perform
the same task. The outputs to inputs relationship keep changing because
of the neurons in our brain, which are "learning."
The architecture of an artificial neural network:
To understand the concept of the architecture of an artificial neural
network, we have to understand what a neural network consists of. In
order to define a neural network that consists of a large number of
artificial neurons, which are termed units arranged in a sequence of
layers. Lets us look at various types of layers available in an artificial
neural network.
Input Layer:
As the name suggests, it accepts inputs in several different formats provided by the
programmer.
Hidden Layer:
The hidden layer presents in-between input and output layers. It performs
all the calculations to find hidden features and patterns.
Output Layer:
The input goes through a series of transformations using the hidden layer,
which finally results in output that is conveyed using this layer.
The artificial neural network takes input and computes the weighted sum
of the inputs and includes a bias. This computation is represented in the
form of a transfer function.
It determines weighted total is passed as an input to an activation
function to produce the output. Activation functions choose whether a
node should fire or not. Only those who are fired make it to the output
layer. There are distinctive activation functions available that can be
applied upon the sort of task we are performing.
Advantages of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Parallel processing capability:
Artificial neural networks have a numerical value that can perform more
than one task simultaneously.
Storing data on the entire network:
Data that is used in traditional programming is stored on the whole
network, not on a database. The disappearance of a couple of pieces of
data in one place doesn't prevent the network from working.
Capability to work with incomplete knowledge:
After ANN training, the information may produce output even with
inadequate data. The loss of performance here relies upon the
significance of missing data.
Having a memory distribution:
For ANN is to be able to adapt, it is important to determine the examples
and to encourage the network according to the desired output by
demonstrating these examples to the network. The succession of the
network is directly proportional to the chosen instances, and if the event
can't appear to the network in all its aspects, it can produce false output.
