MANA OOU MANA CHARITRA

A PROJECT REPORT ON [A STUDY ON CHANGES OF

RYTHUBAZAR FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN]
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF
BACHELORS IN COMMECE FROM OSMANIA UNIVERSITY, HYDERABAD

SUBMITTED TO

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,

GOVERNMENT DEGREE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN,

HUSSAINI ALAM

[Affiliated to Osmania University,Hyderabad]

BY:

1.BADER UNNISA 108320405051

2.BIBI SARA 108320405053

3.BUSHRA BEGUM 108320405055

4.DILSHAD UNNISA BEGUM 108320405059

5.FABIHA BEGUM 108320405060

6.FAHANA BEGUM 108320405061

Under the Guidance of

MRS ANITA MONGA[LECTURER IN COMMERCE]

Government Degree College for Women

1
 Acknowledgement
This project report entitled A STUDY ON CHANGES OF
RYTHU BAZAR FROM TRADITIONAL TO MODERN has
been prepared by us and we had undertaken project under the
supervision of Mrs.Anita Monga,Lecturer in commerce,
Government Degree college for women,Hussaini Alam.
We are immensely grateful to our guide Mrs.Anita Monga,
Lecturer in commerce and to all our faculties for their constant
encouragement and guidance throughout this project.
We also express our sincere thanks to principal Dr.B.Sunitha
Padmavati, and Head Of The Department Commerce P.Manjula
for their valuable support towards the completion of this work.
We would like to take this opportunity to thank all our friends for
their insightful comments and constructive suggestions to
improve the quality of this project work.
Last, but certainly not the least ,we are indebted to our parents
without their blessings we couldn’t have finished this project
under stipulated time and focused vision.

Place: Hyderabad
Date:

2
 BADER UNNISA
[108320405051]
BIBI SARA
[108320405053]
BUSHRA BEGUM
[108320405055]
DILSHAD UNNISA BEGUM
[108320405059]
FABIHA BEGUM
[108320405060]
FAHANA BEGUM
[108320405061]

3
 Declaration
We, here by declare that the project report entitled
changes in Rythubazar From traditional to modern
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the
award of Bachelors in Commerce –B.COM[computer
Applications]degree from Osmania University is a
Bonafide work undertaken by us and is not submitted to
any other university or institution for the award of any
degree/diploma/certificate or published work anytime
before. :
BADER UNNISA
[108320405051]
BIBI SARA
[108320405053]
BUSHRA BEGUM
[108320405055]
DILSHAD UNNISA BEGUM
[108320405059]
FABIHA BEGUM
[108320405060]
FAHANA BEGUM
[108320405061]
4
 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDE
I certify that the project report entitled “A study on changes in
RythuBazar from traditional to modern “ submitted for the degree of
bachelors in commerce by Mrs.ANITA MONGA
BADER UNNISA

[108320405051]

BIBI SARA

[108320405053]

BUSHRA BEGUM

[108320405055]

DILSHAD UNNISA BEGUM

[108320405059]

FABIHA BEGUM

[108320405060]

FAHANA BEGUM

[108320405061]

Is an original researcher carried her during the period from December

2022-January 2023 under my guidance and supervision further, this work
has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree , diploma ,
or other titles in this university.

Mrs. Anita Monga

Department of commerce,
Government Degree college for Women,
Hussaini alam, Hyderabad

5
 CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NUMBER

NUMBER

1 INTRODUCTION 1-18

AN OVERVIEW OF
2 THE TOPIC 19-22

DATA ANALYSIS
3 AND 23-29
ENTERPRITATION

CONCLUSION AND
4 SUGGESTIONS 30-32

5 BIBOLOGRAPHY 33-42

6
 INDEX
CHAPTER.1
INTRODUCTION

S. NO CONTENT PAGE NUMBERS

1.1 Abstract 9-10

1.2 Review of 11-13
1.3 literature 14
1.4 Objective 15
1.5 Scope 16
1.6 Source of data 16-18
Findings

7
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

8
 1.1 ABSTRACT
One of the Weakest links is the chain of activities
concerned with production and disposal of agricultural
products is marketing. Beside the farmers ,other measure
sufferers due to lack of proper marketing facilities are the
consumers who are deprived of the fresh farm products.
This paper analyses the preferences, needs and wants of
the vegetable buyers and make then available to the
formers so that they can take correct decisions regarding
the marketing strategies to be implemented in RYTHU
BAZAR.

9
The findings of the study indicate the majority of the
consumers felt the location of RYTHU BAZAR is not
conducive;58% of the respondents faced some of the other
problems in making purchases in RYTHU BAZAR..

T
he study also reveals the majority of the respondents felt
the behaviour of sellers at RYTHU BAZAR has been
impolite; and 63% of the responded felt very bad about
the parking.

10
 The paper recommended that the government should take
Adequate measures to educate both farmers and
consumers. Local administrations should also enlighten the
farmers to acquaint themselves with the latest marketing
strategies and help the become efficiance and self –
sufficiance farmers. Locations should be more effective
where parking and other amenities should be there to make
more conducive.

1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

11
 GLOBLE SCENARIO
According to American Farmland Trust, sustainable and
manage farms concerve soil and clean water and provide a
habitat for wild life. Moreover, modern farmers markets
help maintain important social ties, linking rural and urban
populations and even close labours in mutually rewarding
exchange.
INDIAN SCENARIO

The concept of farmers markets in India had its roots

originating to kal khoj in Russia and street side shops in
U.K, Kal Khoj is the farmers market Russia which was
started by the farmers to sell spinach and vegetables. After
observing these, the idea of setting the farmers market
exclusively for selling fruits and vegetable.
Grown by the local farmers was conceived in the early
1990`s by Union Agricultural Ministry. The first farmer`s
market namely Apni Mandi or Kisan Mandi was started in
Chandigarh, Punjab in 1987 and later on at Karnal,
Haryana in 1988. Basic infrastructure facilities like market
yard, lighting etc. are provided at the farm level, extension
services of the relevant departments are also pooled in,
securing the benfit of Government scheme to Apni Mandi
farmers [WWW.hindu.com\].The benefits include input
12
subsides, better quality seeds and loans at reasonable rates
of interest from the Bank. Apni Mandi scheme provides
self-employment to the produces and also remove the
social inhibition among them for retail sale of the produce.

Rhythu Bazar

13
14
 1.3 OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES OF RYTHU BAZAARS
 To create a venue for farmers to sell their own produce
directly to consumers .
 To help consumers buy fresh items at comparatively
lower prices from the producers directly to
consumers
 To help consumers buy fresh items at comparatively
lower prices from the producers directly
 To act as a hub for various activities related to farming
 To help stabilize prices in other related markets
15
  To provide an understanding of consumer needs to the
farmers and help dovetail the production system to the
consumer requirements
 To help producers of specific products[not generally
grown in an area but having a demand] come from
distant places and sell their products.
 To help the local administration streamline all
operations relating to marketing of local produce at
one place.

1.4 SCOPE OF RYTHU BAZAR

The study covers the farmers operating from RYTHU
BAZAR and the consumers who purchase their
vegetables from these markets .
This research is limited to the study of RYTHU
BAZAR ,the farmers markets of Andhra Pradesh only.
The main scope of RYTHU BAZAR is to ensure
remunerative price to farmers and provide quality and
fresh vegetables to consumers at reasonable rates.
RYTHU BAZAR provide direct interface between farmers
and consumers eliminating intermediaries in trade.

16
 1.5 SOURCES OF DATA
Primary data has been collected through the use of a
structured questionnaire. The questionnaire tried to assess
the satisfaction level of farmers, using a five point like
scale was used.

17
 1.6 FINDINGS
 The following are the findings, which have emerged
 from the present study.
 Most of purchasers at RYTHU BAZAR are females
 [62 %].
 Majority of consumer are between 31-40 years of age .
 The monthly family income of majority of consumers
is
 below RS 5000/-
 Most of the consumers are housewives (41%).

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 Most of the consumers have rather big families with 4
to 5 members (44%).
 The education of most of the consumers is below
graduation (46%).
 Many consumers purchase vegetables (51%).
 Majority of the respondents considered quality of
vegetables as major influencing factor in purchasing at
Rythu Bazzar(26%).
 Majority of the consumers perceived the quality of
vegetables at Rythu Bazaar as good (36%).

19
RHYTHU BAZAR

20
 CHAPTER-2

AN OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC

21
 CHAPTER-2
AN OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
S.NO TITLE PAGE
NUMBER

2.1 Topic Introduction 21

2.2 Topic Profile 22

22
 AN OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC
2.1 TOPIC INTRODUCTION ON RYTHU BAZAAR
SELLER
The overview gives an analysis on the number of years the
seller have been selling at This market, types of sellers
(farmers\self-help groups), the types of produce sold
Throughout the year

23
mode of transportation used by the sellers to bring form
the farm to the road and then to the stall, problems faced
in bringing the produce, problems faced in selling the
produce, permanency in stall occupation, their suggestions
in minimizing wastage as well as their suggestion for
improvement of Alwal Rythu Bazaar.

2.2 TOPIC PROFILE

24
S.NO RANGE OF FREQUENCY PERCENT
THE YEARS

1 Less than 5 15 15.0

years

2 5-10 years 25 25.0

3 11-15 20 20.0

4 16-18 40 40.0

total 100 100

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 CHAPTER-3

DATA ANALYSIS AND ENTERPRETATION

DATA ANAYLSIS
26
 Sales

1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr

Data interpretation is the process is the process of

reviewing data and arriving at relevant conclusions using
various analytical methods. Data analyses assists
researchers in categorizing, and summarizing data to
answer critical questions.
In business terms, the interpretation of data is the
execution of various processes. This process analyzes and
revises data to gain insights and recognize emerging
patterns and behaviors. These conclusions will assist you
as a manager in making an informed decision based on
numbers while having all of the facts at your disposal.

AGRICULTURE TODAY IN RYTHU BAZAR

27
28
 IMPORTANCE OF DATA
INTERPRETATION
Raw data is useless unless it’s interpreted. Data
interpretation is important to business and people. The
collection data helps make informed decision.

MAKE BETTER DECISIONS

Any of the decision is based on the information that is
available at the time .People used to think that many
diseases were caused by bad blood, which was one of the
four humors . So ,the solution was to get rid of the bad
blood. Now we know that things like viruses, bacteria, and
immunity system can cause illness Immunity system can
cause illness and can act accordingly. In the same way,
when you know how to collect and understand data well,
we can make better decisions. You can confidently choose
a path for your organization or even your life instead of
working with assumptions. The most important thing is to
follow a transparent process to reduce mistakes and
tiredness when making decisions.

29
 FIND TRENDS AND TAKE ACTION

Another practical use of data interpretation is to get ahead

of trends before they reach their peak. People made a
living by researching industries, spotting trends, and then
making big bets on them.

30
With the proper data interpretations and a little bit of work
you can catch the start of trends and use them to help your
business or yourself grow.

BETTER RESOURCE ALLOCATION

The last importance of data interpretation we will be
discuss is the ability to use people’s ,tools, money etc.,
efficiently. For example, if you know via strong dataint
erpretation that a market is underserved, you’ll go after it
with more energy and win.

31
 Chapter-4

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

32
 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
The concept of the Rythu bazaar is an excellent step taken
by the government of Andhra Pradesh that benefits both
consumers and farmers in terms of availability and
prices .It is a kind of direct marketing that eliminates
mediators and transaction costs and connects farmers with
consumers. Consumers benefit from the organized system
supported by the government and very few price
variations and availability of all varieties of farm fresh
vegetables and groceries. Consumers can even buy fruits,
flowers, eggs, meat and fish at Rythu Bazaars.

Rythu bazars undoubtedly serve lakhs of farmers and

consumers with its excellent organization by Government
Officials. However there are some complains in this
33
marketsregarding the sellers violation of theprizes fixed on
the board , unhygienic conditions, and insufficient parking
facilities. These Issues are to be appropriately and timely
and should be attended to by the officials and strengthen
the online facility of price display and control the prices.
From the research it can therefore be concluded that
farmers have got benefited

From the research it can therefore be concluded that

farmers have got benefited on account of increase in their

34
earnings, assurance of fixed income, immediate cash
realization, higher rates for their vegetables.

CHAPTER NUMBER-5
BIBOLOGRAPHY

35
 BIBOLIOGRAPHY

BIBOLIOGRAPHY is a specialized aspect of (or library

and information science, LIS) and documentation science.
It was established by a Belgian, named Paul Otlet (1868–
1944), who was the founder of the field of documentation,
as a branch of the information sciences, who wrote about
"the science of bibliography." However, there have
recently been voices claiming that "the bibliographical
paradigm" is obsolete, and it is not today common in LIS.
A defence of the bibliographical paradigm was provided
by Irland (2007).
The quantitative study of bibliographies is known as ,
which is today an influential subfield in LIS and is used for
major collection decisions such as the cancellation of big
deals, through data analysis tools like Unpay wall Journals.
A defence of the bibliographical paradigm was provided
by Irland (2007).The quantitative study of bibliographies is
known as , which is today an influential subfield in
LIS and is used for major collection decisions such as the

36
cancellation of big deals, through data analysis tools
like Un pay wall Journals.

THE HISTORY OF RYTHU BAZAR

He present study entitled “Study of spatial market

integration of the Rythu bazars in the greater
Hyderabadcity” was conducted to assess the performance
37
of the Rythu bazars in the Greater Hyderabad city, capital
of
Andhra Pradesh. Correlation analysis and co-integration
analysis was carried out to determine the spatial
market integration among the various Rythu bazars. For
co-integration analysis the time series data were
tested using the Dickey-Fuller unit root test followed by
Engle-Granger test to determine the market
integration.
Market integration analysis revealed that a high correlation
ranging from 0.811 between Mehdipatnam and Erragada
Rythu bazars for brinjal to 0.983 for bhendi between
Erragada and Vanasthalipuram and all of them were
significant
at 1% level of significance. Dickey-Fuller unit root test
revealed that the market prices for all the crops were
stationary in nature for a period of time. Engle- Granger
(EG) test revealed that all the markets were perfectly co-
integrated among each other in terms of market prices.

38
Dickey-Fuller unit root test revealed that the market prices
for all the crops were stationary in nature for a period of
time. Engle- Granger (EG) test revealed that all the
markets were perfectly co-integrated among each other
interms of market prices.

39
40
 MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted to assess the marketing in
terms of prices among the Rythu bazars inthe Greater
Hyderabad city, capital of Andhra Pradesh. Four
Rythubazars namely, Mehedi Patnam, Erragadda,

41
Falaknuma and Vanasthalipuram Rythu bazars, out of 10
operating in the Greater Hyderabad city were selected for
the present study. The required secondary data were
collected for the period of January, 2008 to
December,2012.

RYTHU BANDHU
Benefits: The Rythu Bandhu scheme is a farmer
investment scheme recently launched in Telangana
wherein the government gives farmers an incentive of Rs
5,000 for each acre of land as investment for the crop.
42
 THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF RYTHU BANDHU
The main objective of Rythu Bazar is to ensure
remunerative price to farmers and provide quality and
fresh vegetables to consumers at reasonable rates. Rythu
Bazars provide direct interface between farmers and
consumers eliminating intermediaries in trade.

43
 BENEFITS OF RYTHU BANDHU

 Farmers get good prices for their products which are

set by the officers of the bazaar committee and have
less wastage.
44
 LIMITATIONS OF RYTHU BANDHU

 Now-a-days, farmers can be seen selling the goods at a

higher rate from the price decided by the committee.
This causes anger among the customers.

RYTHU BANDU SCHEME

45
 ANNEXURE
1. category
 Female
 Male
2.In which department do you work?
 Support staff level
 Exclusive level
3.what is your age?
 Less then 30
 31-40
 41-50
 Above 50
4.Education level?
 SSC
 Intermediate
 Under graduate
 Post graduate
5. What type of employee you are?
 Permanent employee
 Temporary employee
 Part time employee.
6. Martial status
 Married
 Unmarried
46
 7. Monthly income level
 Less than 20000
 20001 to 30000
 30000 to 40000
 More then 40000
8. Are you satisfied with your salaries?
 Highly Satisfied
 Satisfied
 Dissatisfied
 Highly Dissatisfied
9. Ryuthu bazars are markets where __________.
 Producers directly sell to consumers
 Producers sell to traders
 Traders sell to consumers
 None

10.What makes a Rythu bazaar different ?

 Farmers have to pay rent to put up stalls

 Millers and self helps groups do not have to pay rent to put

up stalls

 Farmers and customers gain entry after showing photo

identity cards

47
  Farmers decides the price of the goods that they sell

11. Who can sell at a rythu bazaar?

 Farmers
 Milers
 Members of self-help groups
 Corporate companies

12.Why selling through rythu bazaars is better then selling

through wholesale shops?
 It eliminates middlemen
 Because rythu bazaars are fully air conditioned
 Because in rythu bazaars only imported good are sold
 All of the above

13.Farmers are the only sellers in the ryhth bazaar

 True
 False
 All of the above
 None

14. How are prices fixed for produce that is sold in rythu bazaar
 Based on auction.

48
  Prices are fixed by a committee comprising of 3 farmers.
 Price is fixed around 25% more than whole sale price.
 Price is fixed around 25% less then retail price

15. If selling price is fixed 25% above the cost, the Gross Profit ratio
is ___
 13%
 28%
 26%
 20%

16. If the cost price is 25% of selling price, then find the profit
percent.
 150
 200
 250
 300

17. What is the profit percent if the cost price is ₹ 200 and the selling
price is ₹ 350?
 25%
 50%
 75%
 100%

49
18. What would price ceiling lead to when the maximum price is
fixed lower than the equilibrium price?
 Excess demand
 Excess supply
 Deficient demand
 None of the above

50