AFTERBURNERS 143
6 Zukoski, E. E. and Marble, F. E., "Experiments Concerning the Mechanism of
Flame Blowoff from Bluff Bodies," Proceedings of the Gas Dynamics Symposium on
Aerothermochemistry, Northwestern University Press, Evanston, Ill., 1955.
7Wright, F. H., "Bluff Body Flame Stabilization: Blockage Effects," Combustion
and Flame, Vol. 3, 1959, p. 319.
8Broman, G. E. and Zukoski, E. E., "Experimental Investigation of Flame
Stabilization in a Deflected Jet," Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion,
The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, 1960, p. 944.
9Cornell, W. G., "The Flow in a Vee-Gutter Cascade," Transactions of ASME,
Vol. 78, 1956, p. 573.
a°Wright, F. H., "Multiple Flame Holder Arrays: Flame Interactions," ARS
Journal, Feb. 1959.
11Potter, A. E. Jr. and Wong, E. L., "Effect of Pressure and Duct Geometry on
Bluff Body Flame Stabilization," NASA TN 4381, Sept. 1958.
12Mullins, B. P., "A Spontaneous Ignition Theory of Combustion Intensity and
Combustion Stability Behind a Baffle," Combustion Researches and Reviews 1955,
Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, 1955.
X3Mironenko, V. A., "The Use of Thermal Ignition Theory to Determine General
Conditions for Flame Stabilization by Means of a Bluff Body," Izvestiya VUZ,
Aviatsionnaya Tekhnika, No. 1, 1966, pp. 140-145 (translation).
X4Solokhin, E. L. and Mironenko, V. A., "Stable Combustion Limits in GTE
Reheat Combustion Chambers," Izvestiya VUZ, Aviatsionnaya Tekhnika, Vol. 15,
No. 1, 1972, pp. 135-141 (translation).
15Hottel, H. C., Williams, G. C., Jensen, W. P., Tobey, A. C., and Burrage,
P. M. R., "Modeling Studies of Baffle-Type Combustors," Ninth Symposium (Inter-
national) on Combustion, Academic Press, New York, p. 923.
16Kosterin, V. A., Dudin, L. A., Motylinskii, I. P., Khismatullin, A. Ya., and
Gilyazov, M. Sh., "Correlation of Experimental Data on the Limits of Flame
Stabilization," Izvestiya VUZ, Aviatsionnaya Tekhnika, Vol. 11, No. 3, 1968, pp.
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aTMarshall, R. L., Canuel, G. E., and Sullivan, D. J., "Augmentation Systems for
Turbofan Engines," Cranfield International Symposium Series, Vol. 10, Pergamon
Press, Ltd., London, 1968, p. 129.
18Brown, G. L. and Roshko, A., "On Density Effects and Large Structure in
Turbulent Mixing Layers," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 64, Pt. 4, 1974,
pp. 775-816.
19Williams, G. C., Hottel, H. C., and Scurlock, A. C., "Flame Stabilization and
Propagation in High Velocity Gas Streams," Third Symposium on Combustion and
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p. 21.
20Wright, F. H. and Zukoski, E. E., "Flame Spreading from Bluff Body Flame
Holders," Eighth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Williams and
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21Solntsev, V. P., "Stabilization of a Flame and Development of the Process of
Combustion in a Turbulent Stream," edited by G. M. Gorbunov, Oborongiz,
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22Lefebvre, A. H. and Reid, R., "The Influence of Turbulence on the Structure
144 AIRCRAFT ENGINE COMPONENTS
and Propagation of Enclosed Flames," Combustion and Flame, Vol. 10, 1966, p. 355.
23Wohl, K., Shore, L., Von Rosenberg, H., and Well, C. W., "The Burning
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24Thurston, D. W., "An Experimental Investigation of Flame Spreading from
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25Tsien, H. S., "Influence of Flame Front on the Flow Field," Journal of Applied
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26Fabri, J., Siestrunck, R., and Foure, C., "On the Aerodynamic Field of
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27Brown, G. L., "The Entrainment and Large Structure in Turbulent Mixing
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sity of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 1974, p. 352.
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Pa., 1967, p. 807.
29McAulay, J. E. and Abdelwahab, M., "Experimental Evaluation of a TF30-P-3
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32Carrierre, P., "Exhaust Nozzles," Supersonic Turbo-Jet Propulsion Systems and
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35Harrje, D. T. (ed.), Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability, NASA
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37Rogers, D. E. and Marble, F. E., "A Mechanism for High-Frequency Oscillation
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38Barker, C. L. R., "Experiments Concerning the Occurrence and Mechanism of
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ogy, Pasadena, 1958.
C H A P T E R 3. AXIAL FLOW C O M P R E S S O R
AERODYNAMICS
George K. Serovy
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
3. AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR A E R O D Y N A M I C S
Nomenclature
A = area
AVDR = axial velocity-density ratio, 0 2 V x . 2 / o 1 V x , 1 for b l a d e sections in
c a s c a d e or b l a d e row
a = d i s t a n c e m e a s u r e d along c h o r d line f r o m l e a d i n g end of
section c a m b e r line to m a x i m u m c a m b e r p o i n t , Fig. 3.8
a = acoustic velocity
b = c o o r d i n a t e of m a x i m u m c a m b e r m e a s u r e d along p e r p e n d i c u -
lar to c h o r d line, Fig. 3.8
c = c h o r d length, length of straight line c o n n e c t i n g l e a d i n g a n d
trailing end p o i n t s of c a m b e r line, Fig. 3.8
D = diffusion p a r a m e t e r , Eqs. (3.12-3.15)
D = diameter
d = d i s t a n c e of m a x i m u m thickness l o c a t i o n f r o m l e a d i n g e n d of
section c a m b e r line, Fig. 3.8
E = energy transfer
F = b o d y force
g = local g r a v i t a t i o n a l acceleration
H = total enthalpy
h = static e n t h a l p y
I = r o t h a l p y , Eq. (3.5)
i = i n c i d e n c e angle, angle b e t w e e n inlet flow direction a n d line
t a n g e n t to b l a d e section c a m b e r line at l e a d i n g edge
L = length
LER = l e a d i n g - e d g e r a d i u s of b l a d e section
M = Mach number
m = m a s s flow rate
N = r o t a t i o n a l speed of shaft
P = t o t a l pressure
P = static pressure
q = h e a t transferred
R = radius
R* = p a s s a g e r a d i a l location, ( r - r h ) / ( r t -- rh)
F = r a d i a l c o o r d i n a t e , m e a s u r e d f r o m c o m p r e s s o r axis
r. = r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e of stream surface trace in m e r i d i o n a l
plane, Fig. 3.24
s = entropy
s = b l a d e spacing, Fig. 3.8
147
148 AIRCRAFT ENGINE COMPONENTS
T = temperature
= m o m e n t s of forces, Eq. (3.10)
Tu = turbulence parameter
TER = trailing-edge radius of b l a d e section
t = time
t = m a x i m u m thickness of b l a d e section, Fig. 3.8
U = b l a d e section velocity
V = velocity in fixed c o o r d i n a t e system
W = velocity relative to c o o r d i n a t e system a t t a c h e d to rotor
X = axial c o o r d i n a t e
= angle b e t w e e n velocity vector a n d axial direction
Y = stagger angle, angle b e t w e e n c h o r d line a n d axial direction,
Fig. 3.8
= fluid specific heat ratio
= d e v i a t i o n angle, angle b e t w e e n cascade exit fluid velocity a n d
line t a n g e n t to section c a m b e r line at trailing edge, Fig. 3.8
= r a t i o o f total pressure at c o m p r e s s o r inlet to s t a n d a r d sea-level
pressure
= a n g l e in m e r i d i o n a l p l a n e b e t w e e n line tangent to s t r e a m
surface a n d axial d i r e c t i o n
= c o m p r e s s o r or stage efficiency
= circumferential coordinate
= r a t i o of total t e m p e r a t u r e at c o m p r e s s o r inlet to s t a n d a r d
sea-level t e m p e r a t u r e
O* = t o t a l b o u n d a r y - l a y e r m o m e n t u m thickness at section trailing
edge
= angle between line t a n g e n t to section c a m b e r line and axial
direction, Fig. 3.8
tL = fluid d y n a m i c viscosity
P = fluid d e n s i t y
0 = c a s c a d e or b l a d e row solidity, c h o r d l e n g t h / b l a d e spacing
ep = flow coefficient, ( V x / U ) . . . .
cp = b l a d e section c a m b e r angle, ~ 1 - K2, Fig. 3.8
q~ = p r e s s u r e coefficient," A Hisentropic/ UmZean2
average total pressure loss coefficient, P 1 - P z / P I - P l ,
Fig. 3.8
Subscripts
A,B,C,D = l o c a t i o n of c o m p u t i n g station
a, b = m e a s u r e m e n t location
act = actual
ad = adiabatic
an = annulus
CS = c o n t r o l surface
ex = exit
F = f r o n t a l cross-section
h = hub
