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System of particles

The document discusses the concept of the center of mass (CoM) in systems of particles, including calculations for two particles and larger systems. It covers the conservation of momentum during collisions, types of collisions, and the effects of external forces on motion. Additionally, it touches on the motion of rockets and the principles of energy conservation in various scenarios.

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nandinee787
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
19 views20 pages

System of particles

The document discusses the concept of the center of mass (CoM) in systems of particles, including calculations for two particles and larger systems. It covers the conservation of momentum during collisions, types of collisions, and the effects of external forces on motion. Additionally, it touches on the motion of rockets and the principles of energy conservation in various scenarios.

Uploaded by

nandinee787
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A2Cnt tuu of Mus

when o conider dha motion of o systen of partl tcdes HGene


fs one POnt tn t otich behaes 4houqh the lntcee Ma
of the sysfem ts concendrcated harte and i motton S h e
Savme a 1W0uld n e cf +he teju ltant of all he
fortCes
0.ctt n on all 4 e parttickas uoetae applia dirtetly to e
Tais pocnt is Calae Centt f mas (com) .

COM o two partAi cles


CoM
The oditante o centee af mas
ttom any ot the parttele (rr) es M2
Cove M prtopo rtttonad to n e
ma o4+e patticde m)

M2 MI = mz2
f
TE J
Onatm,
oun d t, =/m
tm2
T = 2 =

COM s meduoay betoeen he too partltckesof osunl


mou .
m m2 anod < t , tf m 7M CoM
tShoaWN 4o he partttde hav è neo
eutert mass
COM of Lartge
number opattles
Jf we hat n partttCUS of maM M m -. mn u9eth
2 TCR hen

coM m C+M 2 2 i*+mn rn

0tm, t TMn
tftoM
c om mi mi
m,21 tma2t +mn h
tm +mn M
D
JOM MZi
M M
COM of Continu ous boioS
Sf convidort the ody to hae continuous dlstreioutton
wo
matterr th 3umm t on in the fotmula o coM s re plated
berrtegtcatton

Xdm ydm ZcoM Am


X coM
m M OM dm
m ts the ma oSmall elemont ano e y z) (o-
orrdinahs of CoM of +hes alemend
Centt@ of Mouus a uniform rtod u a out the cehtte
0h +Cod
the toc artR 0,0
The coo rolinahes CoM o4
COM.of.90me rtdbodio

o M- Cunttee

eecd ongie Squ are

lias at a
COM f a wni Aorm emictt (wlart E ng
+he a t's
i tante o h aR rtom +he cendre on
0 mmetry
tadius R Lies at
COM 0 a hemu phericc hul d a

diAan cC fh
Com o a hu misphenital rhell
tadius R i t a distance oh

fcom
CoM o a solid humimhune
tadtus R e s t h3R
Motion o the CoM
*mntn +m'n
TCoM= M r + m22t
n

VeoM oni Vi PcoM Pi


M

a coM
M
Fum
ons.arcoHI on 0f Momuntum
+is is the lao o
The to-a monmentum is constant
Consortyation d4 mometum
TyesoColle yion
l a i t - Intertna gnerT colliding' objoks oloesh 't
chaunge i ke is not (onvetted into intennaløerc
O) Con Sartration dK£
i k.E inchia K.Einad
Kt4inal
b) Consewat in o momentum

Pin dt= Paena


. Inel outit Intertnol enartgy of toll idind o bjos chanaes
due to h ieh k e doosn't 16Cmain contorf
W t a n apply Con\enva4i On vmowm entem
en-fe cl ly tney 4ic collt Si on es o po ci'o (oe of nal odil
CoAon tn whi ch obis cds tich to guch othue n.
oo4e tiand o tOAIAutton
V.ocihy o S0 paro ion of tor collion
Vslocety of apprtoach hefote colli ttonl
*or Q lastec Coll&
si on ( in volve ng no rotaf ion)
Fort
enloA icollii on 0<e<1
3 objo cks sik to ea ch ofhen often collénon. (hen -0
Etic Cellision in One Dimonkion
V, V
en m
(oaf tere coll i on
(be foree Collesion )
v-min2)y,+ V2
m4mL mtm2

MV m-2)
D4 m

SPO CiOd (ales.


(a) ELa4t colliion betwoon a
heaMy loody and a Liaht
bod m7m2 A heavy body hids
.

a Sigut
booly from behi nd
ma , am2 O Unc a
m4m2 mtma
ha tnal valouJies af 4he
lodias we

V o l Va V-V2
The haSyAN body con+1nus O moe oiH almo4
th sGme velocity 94 the ghter body scrte Ke
a ruot 0 V av, ohich mears -Hhe ighter
oo ad trer qelHing a push from -Hhe hea body
well fy auoay uwth a velooity double Hhe volocHy
o the heavter body
M m, igt bodi hts a heavy body 4rtom
bohind
m m2 , - | , om2 9 and 2m O
0Mtm2 Mtm2
fino va loci tiA of 4e bod re

-V4 2 ad v
Tha heaviot lbody contlnues to moe oith the sane
valotu
he vofouty of +e ighter booly changes
J he haavöer body at t e t , V,=0 hen ve-V,
4he ighter lbody teturns alter colliston wh almot
HeCUme peed.(N - Ball Collidas i h uoall

(6) Flottc collesion of Awo bodius of osual man


m 4hen V =V2 aun oV-V.
when tueo bodiws df oyuul mas colliele
ella4itally,tueir Valocitios are mutu nlly irertLangbf
Pot fec Inalatec_Colltgton tn 1D
MVtm,Va = mVm2V
V Common yolocs of H
V bodids afterr e celksio
mtm2 V, volocidde hofore celei
lw0-D
Ratic Coll&ston in
C0St
0,U= m,V, (0S0 + m,V
0 mVne - m2V2 Sin X
2
m,u m,V m,
ConsurNatfon o ngulart nmomOntum

ungwlu nomantum dfa parcdt


Th
¢s
d a maM m about a bocnt 0
duAined os J P

uohOrt P my ( noat oNomantun TC=p0itim vechor

TtXxF CP) = TXF


dt
Xp VXmVZ0
F
ot
9 4 the to rrqud is zurto Z-0 hen |d -

J Lon4wzt

-Ta angulourt mom@ntum ofa partide e


Con ant of mo ion in ab&@nce of enherunal
totcqu his ( 4hts icconserexadiom 4tueorcm AM)

Consoroat ion o Lneregu


XWoRkdone oy 0 tor(e dw -

Fd w= JF dr
POuwQt
P Co
dt t
Worck &heif thoorm ud 4.w np

hdwottk enat y hoorLem1ahe, -1


the for (a, on an obiod cou0a, 11.
wortk don
Chang in t nairg

W od K= K2 K
Kenuic hur ER mV
Potuntia onungy mah _
) rtowi hadîonal pohen!ia en@ irqyV
(iP)lticpotential hur g V K
Equwke on d Mo-ion of M
fMOm 9Lation 0f mo4 ion in tta odiad par

Ot
mT tt2) f i) = =

L mo - Conwtat |0 = L
onr2-
E =KE+PE
m + ) + V(re) = ContdunH

DHAortentia 0UH 1O 01an Ortloit

d
F (u) -
u
6du u' - E -Vu)
d
2Vartable mass Systen cuk 1 Mo 16n pore(taf
Consland
Aspaeocraf4 mows thrt 0u@h Spac uoo4
Craft _encounters a sitr Oam
VRoty V.The spaco
embed -|homcolnes dn t
O duyA pat icles uohe ch
Th duA has yeocsdy u jut laeione
at rcate dm
ids At tt me d tt dofal mass of +he Space
space
e reaft s Mt)
LeA m e cotertval St unol t +á1.Let m o onote
ne ma add d to e godv llite dunhn At
T SvWtem conist od M(A) n e Am

Iniiau momuMum P(t)= Mt) v +4m)u


Penal moment um ptAt) t) (v-u) Am
-
=

TCe TC ate of change o4 momWNtum


Am
2 = (v-u)
+he tCaetrc@o terna fortee F = (v-u) dm

dlep@ndli hg) on +he direlh


Can be eithN +Ve orr -Ve
0+te o ma
ueam
Cu-2 Motion 0 Rocket-
7Roket prcopulsion ès lbased on Newton's r Lo

hieus4 Fendhamtqus hry


Raute o fua bur(hin m fexhauyA
a
V, mo iniaial vo looty and muM f Vo
TCOck wA aY)

V,m V Lot ahd max dTCocket


aftur 4' ti me2
ehaM speco f unnt akes ( nre laliue fo rCDCKet)

F0hauls gas = u dm
*threuyt TCOck t Fohaurt, e m
d
Volo ty t o cke after tme V Vo 1Log, m
P
2010
Pattide oMaM m, moveng uHh a velocituy - VM4
colledas olastt(ally o ch auno-er parcH icle of Mes Dm
uSCfchs atreu initialtHerte,Vo ts oc consdayt
wich o4 follouoc' ng sHatementS es cot tce cA
Cqinn mas m and 2m
Vel oti ty of Com bet ore t e Coll¢st om

mVo mVo amx0 mV, t


2mx o

n+&m ' ," mt

V
Yem +S)
V¢m V + j ) - o + j ) (Vejocilyof mass m
.Tt t CoM)

sv4vdi4j) ynî)
V
Vo+V V
2 V ms
Yu-Vom = 0 (4)

2) 3

am atter f e olësian

TCatn drop fallingn vercdialy wder tta'ty atay


noisturce frcom he atmophetr ota tCate 'en a
2

alt
-
K whete m Es -hue instantaneous mass
ts'rme and aCons4-ant The eLat on of
h rrain drcop g m V ost
m
3f hae drcop 4 aue faling at =0 9èA Zer
ind tial M JLoci ty aho ni pial mas mo (mo2g
h r t o e nosSWA 8).am and 3m a dnovdn tn 1-Pi
-Plae

hcf&gar The hroo makes eollt ole at flue


Sana tme at P wn dt( togef hen. The voloct
dhe eSult êog mas S woud be 2

X 3 0 - 2mL Cod6d-3mu
cos6o 60
cm i
mtam 73 m
U

6m

1
6

2u'n 60 3mu ih60


Cm ) m x 0 - am au 3u?
6m 6
- Bu
=a3 u - 3/3u

SOVe UcmitUcm
12

. ho padh of a pakHde of mass m móvhg unale


for cR , in plane polar
h tnf Luehce d4 aCetral
démnbions.
K
K ate ot apprtoprtfe
po &itc W consturt-
The aanaulart momt cm ef
h s pactide es l and
fs ero. e potentta funeiy
ds otal enarly
Ve) n tees m, l
ang h is
f )
u2

7 To e e
to

-Lu Pu 4U) = ()
f

f) - m
K2e
2

34e
f) G4k)
) =-o'(k)
f(I)= u ) 2

dy L4t
1) m

V Lk11)
V=
m
E= m + L ht1)
Amr2
272
ALAD KE
k K,
hy
m
f 0 92 2
L'ht1)
&

VE L
K1)-ml (rt)
mt)
d (tt1)-R2+1)
Ao is hangeng Verdicaly frrom a pivof. A pondrcle
trtangling n hort zondal dirtecdion (ollecdey uo4h the,

T(0 o shoon ên he furR .


4h rrod par ticle
Fort

Suystuem, Con sidet he lineat mOmontun? one Ha


th.d pi'vot.Olich tf te
Ouncilar m00m@h tun about true )
SatemeMS ame not
follo wng a
System , tho net force
Fort thd e n parttide o
aCIng és zwerto

m0mantum (L) COnst


Angular

)A

Talius Pe im
a0I (8)A hom oglhdo us Smi- circlulan plae of
h a disjace of he conhe
fs shecon tn he fëgare
-masS of h plate ftom he pont 0 is

4had R = 3m
Cien

T t pardavh Rtor
Atea of hadu partt ttdr
AO 4 he plate =
TR
MaM pet wni aruea M
om M
R
ing
M dm
M ttsin M tt et de
TR

d nd de

2
Rx 2 4P 13
7TR2 37T
ol6
(A)A Cyindrdcal reod o lenth L has a man donity
clistreilbution ginen oy fe = ( 4 ) , olhen
9s maae From Oe no6 the rcod is
a constant Pprcopri Ofe qimemions. e coM
f
+ rCois

dm d
om

Tt) dq
L

L( 1
L14 1

n,
016

icle mOVesen a cin ccela padh in


yplone
CCntereud at Ae origYn 94 the speed of 4he
padide ?s Cons a t then &ts ongular momwntum

Anvlust momut wlb (ontant n


- Pl
aabout Ahe orugen ts
onstat both in magnisute
and dircect ion
b ) a b o u t (o . 0 ) s ontant in magnitude btt

004 in di rodiom

201 Sand falls on a


convOyor belt a the cabe of S
94 te belt is movindLo th a conytart kg/s
S 8pood ofFm/s
tt neod tned keep
the
onveyorn oan 1Cunntnn

P-dy odt ? d 1mA 2ydv


d t 'm 2 At

dmd t m
myrlv
dvw
dt
Ve ConMant

Wortk dOno duul to frect im z


umád
W: m (M
V-act-)t:Y

2 om y
dt XSx1 6. 0ad+
-P 1P2. =
36? wad f 36-7 Oad473.4 Wa
(&) 9tnTwo prwj4iles di cdant écal nass are preojated
frtom Hhe quouno wth sama ènidial anAl
C) w ttt 0 td h surCfaco and same inRa
elociy u tn 4he cume plau

coll tole hetshayt potnt 04


at t h dhedr
Tha
Ohh
ayAcHorti Ls ond eck to each olhert
CHhe follouoêng) st sement are) COrcICed
At hihest poènt sum o inittal momentum èn

dirtsech on i c0
Sun initial momwrtum in X-di rrechonco
Henc, momeotuM of Conmlbin obted after colliyim
s erO0 and i falls coonwand wdathe

K s not consuched due to inalayttc ollëion.


019
T8) Le anount of O©th One to tn c@aK 4h Spec
f an electron fromto
3
7s (C=2A0 M/s are
tC@t ma of
electon
ineh moc2-0 CI1 ts o Sll Me
ftCom Wortk nerg MV

W-K2 K
k -mo)e
m,c-m,C K(mg mo)
2
1-V

WK,_-ki Mo
2

Moc (

5Il v x3[
W 143 S&kaV
For a
partide moving in a centtad pohontè al, uShidh
Oneotino follow èng statemønts Es CortMOcH
(0)The motton s
teg4ri ted to a plane due to tte
CongecWai on ot angullauc momgntum
forr Centtal
fortco prcoblem anaular
Es
Consgceo and e-0 which momentun
hat motion o enkurue
pcucticle s
plane contned en
20a0
Tuw o objacds of maQs mand am r10 mov¢n0oct
spoeds of auncd tokp Aftarr tn durocng o
Y

Completely tnelaAtc collston, Ah0y Moneto toaHen


ulHh aspoeol o e anglo keduooon Hhe ènilèal
Valoc ty o hwe ao0 objed i
t0 dtrtecti0

mV mV,(o mV, (oSe-


mx = V Co9 m c030
MV= mv Co G
Cos0 ) Co 60
t)Tuoo tt@lodivéArpoci cles wth opposie
VONo ci i os collcde had on and come to t t t la
Aiktng? with each o-ther which of the
follouwèn quatca s es/arte consotne en
he colleion?
(0) toa moMmwntuwM

b) toltal sner
a0g
&Aparc!iclw A 0f mak m is movlng uolh o
oloty Vi and collicd AlAi call y uor h pardih
P,of mas m s iniiially of o 4 1r
Cellistn, A moves with Volgce t VAJ p
fs Ahe fenal speed a B ,1hen V= k The vaue

. ,
my= amVp COSD 2

n ds'racion
-0
m VA mACin0
n VA amVein8-
9 quaru' n a n ol aoddt'nn
2
VA 4V
frrom ConhurMat ton oK£

mV mVA t 8mVp

sowena 4

V N V AVe
VA 2
V V

K A-n

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