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 Test Bank for The Developing Human Clini-
cally Oriented Embryology, 8th Edition,
Moore, ISBN-10: 1416037063, ISBN-13:
9781416037064
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Moore: The Developing Human, 8th Edition

Test Bank

Gametogenesis and Fertilization

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Directions: Each group of questions below consists of a numbered list of descriptive

words or phrases accompanied by a diagram with certain parts indicated by letters or
by a list of lettered headings. For each numbered word or phrase, select the lettered
part or heading that matches it correctly and then insert the letter in the space to the
right of the appropriate number. Sometimes more than one numbered word or phrase
may be correctly matched to the same lettered part or heading.

1. ________ Haploid nuclei that fuse to form a zygote

a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: E
The male and female pronuclei are the haploid nuclei of the sperm and oocyte,
respectively. They fuse during fertilization to form the diploid nucleus of a zygote.
The nucleus occupies most of the head of the sperm, and after it enters the oocyte, it
swells to form the male pronucleus. The pronuclei are about equal in size and show
similar features.

2. ________ Changes occur in it that inhibit entry of sperm

a. Polar body
b. Capacitation

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-2

c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: D
The zona pellucida undergoes changes, called the zona reaction, when a sperm
contacts the cell membrane of a secondary oocyte. These changes, caused by the
release of substances from the oocyte, prevent other sperms from passing through
the zona pellucida and entering the oocyte.

3. ________ Contains enzymes that digest a path for the sperm

a. Polar body
b. Capacitation
c. Acrosome
d. Zona pellucida
e. Pronuclei
ANS: C
The acrosome is a caplike structure that invests the anterior half of the head of the
sperm. It contains enzymes that pass through perforations in its wall and digest a
path for the sperm to follow through the zona pellucida to fertilize the oocyte.

4.
________ Polar body
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The first polar body forms during the first meiotic division. Note that it is inside the
zona pellucida with the secondary oocyte. Although it may divide into two polar
bodies, these cells degenerate. The secondary oocyte receives the same number of
chromosomes as the polar body; however, it gets almost all the cytoplasm.

5.

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-3

________ Zona pellucida

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
The zona pellucida surrounds the secondary oocyte and the polar body. This
membrane is surrounded by a layer of follicular cells called the corona radiata. The
zona pellucida appears homogeneous in the fresh condition, but under the electron
microscope it appears granular and shows some concentric layering.

6.
________ Meiotic spindle
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
Contact of a sperm with the cell membrane of the oocyte stimulates the secondary
oocyte to complete its second meiotic division. This contact also brings about the
zona reaction, preventing entry of more sperms. The sperm penetrates the cell
membrane of the secondary oocyte and then passes into the cytoplasm of the oocyte,
leaving its cell membrane outside the oocyte.

7.
________ Corona radiata
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-4

The corona radiata consists of one or more layers of follicular cells that surround the
zona pellucida, the polar body, and the secondary oocyte. The corona radiata is
dispersed during fertilization by enzymes released from the acrosomes of the sperms
that surround the oocyte.

8.
________ Haploid cell
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The polar body is the labeled haploid cell formed during the first meiotic division of
the oocyte. The sperm is also a haploid cell zygote.

9.
________ Embryoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The embryoblast (inner cell mass) is recognizable about 4 days after fertilization. It
is derived from the central cells of the morula. The embryoblast gives rise to the
embryo and some extraembryonic tissues.

10.
________ Gives rise to part of the placenta

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-5

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The trophoblast gives rise to the embryonic part of the placenta; the other part is
derived from the endometrium. When the trophoblast becomes lined by
extraembryonic somatic mesoderm, the combined layers are called the chorion. The
trophoblast forms no part of the embryo.

11.
________ Gives rise to the hypoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
At the end of the first week, differentiation of the embryoblast gives rise to the
hypoblast. It appears as a flattened layer on the ventral surface of the inner cell mass.
Later, it forms the roof of the umbilical vesicle (yolk sac) and is incorporated into
the embryo as the lining of the primordial gut.

12.
________ Degenerates and disappears
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
The zona pellucida begins to degenerate about 4 days after fertilization as the
blastocyst begins to expand rapidly. Implantation of the blastocyst begins on the
sixth day.

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-6

13.
________ Blastocystic cavity
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
The blastocystic cavity forms as fluid passes into the morula from the uterus and
accumulates. The spaces around the central cells of the morula coalesce to form the
blastocystic cavity, converting the morula into a blastocyst. The uterine fluid in the
blastocystic cavity bathes the ventral surface of the embryoblast and probably
supplies nutrients to the embryonic cells.

14.
________ Once filled the cavity of the ovarian follicle
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
Follicular fluid fills the cavities of mature ovarian follicles. When the stigma of the
follicle ruptures at ovulation, the oocyte is expelled with the fluid from the follicle
and the ovary in a few seconds. The expulsion of the oocyte and the fluid is the
result of intrafollicular pressure and, possibly, ovarian smooth muscle contraction.

15.

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-7

________ Develops under luteinizing hormone influence

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
The corpus luteum develops under the influence of the luteinizing hormone. It
produces progesterone and some estrogen. These hormones act on the endometrium,
bringing about the secretory phase and preparing the endometrium for implantation
of a blastocyst. If the oocyte is fertilized, the corpus luteum enlarges into a corpus
luteum of pregnancy and increases its hormone production. If the ovum is not
fertilized, the corpus luteum begins to degenerate about 9 days after ovulation and is
called a corpus luteum of menstruation.

16.
________ Produces progesterone
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
The corpus luteum usually produces progesterone for about 9 days. If the oocyte is
fertilized, it produces progesterone until about the end of the fourth month of
pregnancy.

17.
________ Expelled with the follicular fluid
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-8

e. E
ANS: B
The secondary oocyte is expelled with follicular fluid at ovulation. Ovulation is
under FSH and LH influence and occurs through the ruptured stigma. The oocyte
quickly leaves the peritoneal cavity and enters the infundibulum of the uterine tube.

18.
________ Fimbriae
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The fimbriae of the uterine tube embrace the ovary at ovulation. The sweeping
motion of the fimbriae and the motion of the cilia on their epithelial lining cells carry
the oocyte into the uterine tube.

19.
________ Derived from a primary oocyte
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B
The secondary oocyte is derived from a primary oocyte after the first meiotic
division. This division produces two haploid cells, the secondary oocyte and the first
polar body. By the time of ovulation, the secondary oocyte has begun the second
meiotic division but progresses only to the metaphase stage, where division is
arrested. If the oocyte is fertilized, it completes the division, forming a mature
oocyte.

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-9

20.
________ Cytotrophoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: D
The trophoblast of the implanting blastocyst differentiates into two layers. The
internal layer is the cytotrophoblast. Rapid proliferation of cells of the
cytotrophoblast give rise to the syncytiotrophoblast, a nucleated cytoplasmic mass.

21.
________ Embryoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: C
The embryoblast gives rise to the embryo. It arises from cells that have segregated
from the morula. This occurs about 4 days after fertilization. The remaining cells of
the morula become the trophoblast of the blastocyst.

22.
________ Endometrium
a. A

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

 Test Bank 1-10

b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: A
The blastocyst attaches to the epithelium covering the compact layer of the
endometrium about 6 days after fertilization. The endometrium is in the secretory
phase of the uterine cycle, with abundant blood vessels and secreting glands. The
endometrial cells are enlarged and filled with glycogen as well as lipids.

23.
________ Hypoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: E
The hypoblast appears at about 7 days after fertilization. It is a flattened layer of
cells on the surface of the inner cell mass facing the blastocyst cavity. The hypoblast
gives rise to the embryonic endoderm and the endoderm of the umbilical vesicle.

24.
________ Syncytiotrophoblast
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
ANS: B

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Test Bank 1-11

The syncytiotrophoblast, like the cytotrophoblast, is derived from the trophoblast.

The trophoblast proliferates rapidly following implantation of the blastocyst. The
syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated cytoplasmic mass with no discernible cell
boundaries. The syncytiotrophoblast invades the uterine endometrium and facilitates
implantation of the blastocyst.

Copyright © 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
(the Ammi having come to the ground before her birth), it was
feared that, although her feet were still prehensile, and served her
well in climbing, they might fail her from lack of practice when it
came to holding to a limb when asleep. Koree determined not to
sleep under these circumstances, both because he could not trust
himself on a tree when asleep, and because he wanted to watch
Sosee in order to rescue her from the mammoth in case she should
fall. Love up a tree was thus faithful to the last.
While they were making their preparations for a continued
disappointment, however, an accident, which at first seemed
disastrous, came happily to their relief. Koree, in restlessly changing
his position, fell off the tree, and came down with a thump on the
back of the mammoth.
Whether Koree or the monster was more frightened we know not.
Koree, however, was uninjured, the great beast breaking his fall, for
the huge back of the animal reached, when lying down, well up
toward the branches on which Koree was sitting. Sosee was,
perhaps, the most frightened of all, as one is often most scared at
the danger of another; and she gave a scream which the animal
hearing, believed, in connection with the thump on his back, to be
caused by some other animal that was attacking him.
He started from his sleep and his position at once, and, without
looking for the cause of danger, rushed through the forest, while
Koree ran up another tree and waited till the brute was at a safe
distance. Then both he and Sosee came down, and returned thanks
to the great Shoozoo for their deliverance.
 CHAPTER XII.
he two lovers had no other
adventure until they came the
next afternoon to the farther side
of the swamp, where the Lali
were settled. There they were
astonished at the multitude of the
Lali, who greatly outnumbered
the Ammi, fairly swarming in the
trees and in the open country
beyond.
It was not deemed safe to
venture out of the Swamp in the
presence of so many apes, some
of whom would doubtless
recognize them as belonging to
the Ammi; so they determined to
hide in the bushes till night, and then reconnoitre.
In the meantime they had abundant opportunity to watch the
movements of the Apes, who kept in groups, as if fearing an attack,
although an occasional one was seen alone, and some few came
even into the Swamp. The two lovers did not fear the approach of
single apes, or even of a small group; for, as there were many
varieties among the Lali, and not a single kind only, as among the
Ammi, the appearance of a new kind raised no suspicion. The Ammi,
or Men, moreover, were hardly distinguishable from certain of the
Lali, at least by the Apes.
“The chance of finding Orlee among so many,” said Sosee, “is not
good; and if we find her we cannot take her from them.”
 “Wait till it is dark,” replied Koree, “and the groups will disperse,
when we can both approach them without suspicion, and carry her
off without resistance. Trust your lover.”
“I trust you, or I should have not come with you, or have asked
you to come,” she answered; “but I see no way to accomplish our
object.”
“Do you see that big baboon beyond the crowd walking alone with
an ape?” he next asked. “He looks like the fellow that struck me
when Orlee was carried off.”
“It must be the same,” replied Sosee; “for there is a child near him
which looks like Orlee.”
“I think that is only a young monkey,” replied Koree, “which has
been taken out by its parents.”
“The three pay no attention to the other Apes,” replied Sosee,
“and are wandering still farther from them. Let us approach them; in
their absorption it will cause no alarm.”
“If it is the baboon which I think it is, he will know me,” replied
Koree. “At least I cannot mistake him.”
“If we could get a little nearer,” said she, “I could tell whether it is
Orlee or not.”
“But we cannot get near the child without getting near the
parents,” replied Koree.
“She has wandered off from her keepers,” retorted Sosee. “Let us
approach slowly.”
“Wait till it is darker,” said he. “We can then get near enough to
recognize her without being recognized by them.”
“They pay no attention to the child,” continued she, “which is
moving away from them; and if she goes much farther we can get
near enough to see her distinctly without their noticing us.”
“They seem, however,” said he, “to be much interested in
something. Such earnestness among monkeys has a meaning.”
 “It cannot concern the child,” replied she, “and between their
absorption and her distance, we can get her away while they are
thinking about themselves.”
“I hate the looks of that baboon,” mused Koree.
“I like the looks of that child,” replied Sosee.
“I will get her if it is Orlee,” he said, “but I want to avoid a blow
from that brute. We had better be sure it is Orlee before we take the
risk of a broken head in finding out.”
“The child keeps upright far more than the others, which makes
me think it is not theirs,” said Sosee.
“I should like to have the child just to avenge the blow I received,”
said Koree; “but I don’t want to have a second blow to avenge.”
“I will take the blow if you will get the child,” replied Sosee.
“As long as the two old apes are so near it, we could not carry it
off if we got it,” he said. “They would pursue us and overtake us
with our load.”
“Two ought to be able to resist two; and Orlee would help us,”
replied she.
“Before our fight could end the other apes would come to their
succor,” said he.
“Perhaps,” suggested Sosee, “they would give up Orlee if I would
stay with them instead.”
“I do not like that suggestion,” replied Koree, “I will get Orlee and
keep you. Would you rather have Orlee than me?”
“I was not thinking of that, but only of Orlee.”
They had now approached near enough to see the girl distinctly,
whom they recognized to be Orlee. She had wandered so far from
her keepers that they did not observe the approaching lovers. Koree
and Sosee concluded to steal up to Orlee, and, without raising any
suspicion, lead her in the direction of the Swamp and then hurry
with her into the bushes where they could not be followed. As it was
getting dark the time seemed propitious for their scheme.
The couple in charge of Orlee, were, as will be surmised, Oboo,
the ape who had carried her off, and the woman Oola, in whose
charge she had been placed. This ape continued his attendance on
this woman without interruption, having, while the other Lali were
amusing themselves in groups, wandered off with her and the child
to be alone. This accounts for their distance from the rest of the
Apes. They were so much absorbed, moreover, with each other, that
they did not notice that the child, Orlee, had wandered away from
them, and was now almost out of their sight, and entirely out of
their thoughts. Oboo and the woman simply kept up their love-
making, while Koree and Sosee were approaching their prize. What
made one pair of lovers forgetful made the other pair alert. Love
shuts and opens the eyes of mortals in turn, and lays off the harness
from one which it puts on another.
As soon as Orlee recognized her sister she gave a scream of joy
which disconcerted the plans of Sosee and Koree. It also startled
Oboo and the woman out of their bliss, who now experienced all the
horrors of interruption which the other two lovers had suffered the
day before on the appearance of the mammoth. Oboo felt most
disappointed, and the woman most frightened. They sprang up, and,
for a minute, were bewildered, thinking that some curious apes,
perhaps rivals, had come suddenly upon them, through jealousy or
stupidity, to interrupt their tète-a-tète. The woman instinctively
sprang in the direction of the child, while Oboo looked around to see
who was the cause of the interruption. Soon they both took in the
situation and started in pursuit of the child.
Koree, perceiving that no time was to be lost, had picked up the
child and started for the Swamp, Sosee following at full speed. The
child, frightened by the bustle, set up a combined screaming and
chattering, which attracted the attention of the other Apes and
called a large number of them into the pursuit. The scene for a few
minutes was like that of a couple of foxes pursued by a pack of
hounds, in which the foxes were fast making for the woods.
 CHAPTER XIII.
ll now depended on whether
Koree and Sosee with the child
could reach the Swamp in time to
conceal themselves before the
Lali should arrive. For so dense
was the under-growth in the
Swamp that it was next to
impossible to discover man or
beast that should attempt to hide
there.
Sosee could easily have gained
the Swamp in time for safety, but
Koree, who was encumbered with
the child, and so could not run as
fast as she, was in danger of
capture by Oboo, who was fast
gaining upon him. Sosee, indeed, had already reached the Swamp,
and was about to plunge into its thickets and out of danger, when
she turned to see if Koree and the child were making their escape.
She was horrified to perceive that the pursuers were close upon
them; and so, instead of saving herself, she turned on them, and
made a desperate effort to rescue her companions. Before she could
reach them, however, Koree was overtaken by Oboo, when,
releasing the child, he dealt Oboo a powerful blow, which stunned
him, and, at the same time, avenged the blow received by Koree
from the same ape some days before. Sosee now came up, and,
flying at the ape with screams and scratches, dealt him another blow
scarcely less severe than that administered by Koree. These two
blows compelled the ape to loose his hold for the moment.
 THE RESCUE OF ORLEE.

Released in this way from his pursuers, Koree picked up the child
and again started for the woods, while the ape, recovering from his
blows, again started in pursuit. He was gaining on Koree a second
time, and would have overtaken him again, had not the course of
Koree and Sosee now begun to diverge; for in their anxiety to
escape neither had noticed the direction taken by the other in their
new start, and so they became separated.
Oboo, observing the beauty and agility of Sosee, felt a desire to
possess her which outweighed his anxiety for the child. “She is
prettier than the old woman,” he said to himself, “and I will go for
her.” Oboo always had time, even in a fight or a race, to observe an
attractive female, and his head was invariably turned by the sight,
no matter at what business he was engaged. He accordingly turned
from the pursuit of Koree and Orlee, and started after the girl. The
scratches and pounding which he had received from her were no
warning to him, but rather increased his infatuation by testifying to
her spirit. Love at first sight is greater among Apes than among Men,
and overcomes more obstacles. Accustomed to fight for their
females, and often to take them by overcoming them in fight, the
love of our primitive ancestors was often “love at first fight.” Oboo,
therefore, forgot his heroism in his passion, and, abandoning all that
he had set out to accomplish, started in pursuit of his pleasure
before he was yet out of his pain, and thought of enjoying the
caresses of a lover, while still smarting under her blows. The battle
of Mars thus turned into the battle of Cupid, and the warrior, turned
lover, continued the pursuit without much changing his method.
While Oboo was thus pursuing Sosee, Koree with the child in his
arms had reached the thicket, and was safe. Other apes came up,
indeed, to the edge of the swamp, and penetrated its depths; but,
as it was getting dark, they soon turned back, discontinuing the
pursuit. While there were many things to be found in the Swamp,
their experience had taught them that nothing was ever found there
which was sought for. They might get other apes or other game, but
any particular thing that had escaped in that tangled waste was
deemed irretrievably lost.
In the mean time the pursuit of Sosee continued. Love added its
inspiration to that of prowess in the breast of her pursuer. Oboo ran
for both pleasure and glory. He must have the girl both because he
wanted her, and because he dared not return without her. Hence he
ran as one who had everything at stake; and so did she. Like
Camilla, scouring the plain, she put the Ape-land far behind her,
while the distant forest seemed, like Birnam Wood, to be fast
approaching her.
Like the timid hare pursued by the hunter, which darts straight for
the shelter of the thick brush or dense cedars, her ears laid back
upon her shoulders, and her feet in the air, gliding with a billowy
motion to a place of safety, so the swift Sosee ran, measuring off the
rapid miles under her feet, while her panting warrior-lover, hotly
pursuing, sought to take her ere she should find a refuge in the
dense groves beyond.
Sosee at last gained the swamp, and was secure from the
determined Oboo, who saw her disappear at once out of his sight
and out of his hope. The other apes, moreover, which had pursued
from a distance, abandoned the chase when they saw her enter the
jungle, as a dog ceases to pursue a bird which has flown into the air.
But while she thus escaped her pursuers, she did not so easily
escape those who awaited her. Scarcely had she entered the forest
when she was met by several apes who were returning from the
pursuit of Koree. These, seeing Sosee approach the forest, ran along
its border (still keeping behind the foliage), with a view of heading
her off. These now sprang suddenly upon her, and, after a short
struggle, made her a prisoner.
 CHAPTER XIV.
osee was led back to the
settlement of the Lali, where she
was the admiration of all the
Apes. Her bright face, her
beautiful form, and her shapely
limbs fixed the attention of old
and young. Her captors were
particularly proud and received
the congratulations of all the rest,
who had now returned from the
pursuit of the fugitives.
Oboo alone was unhappy. He
was disappointed, both because
he did not capture the girl, and
because another did. One’s loss is
greatest when it is another’s gain.
He had visions of love which he must now exchange for those of
jealousy. Quick to conceive a fancy he was slow to give it up. Started
on a pursuit of love, he was never satisfied till he had achieved a
success. And, to make his condition worse, the woman Oola, in
whose charge Orlee had been given, and to whom Oboo had been
making love, flew into a rage because he had allowed Orlee to
escape.
“I am now wholly without a child,” she said; “you are no ape, to
fail to overtake a boy encumbered with a girl. You sought my love
only to betray me, and now I am without either lover or child; for
with you I will have nothing more to do. You care less for me than
for the girl whom you followed, instead of my child. If you ever
make a soft face at me again, I will scratch out your eyes. I have
lost everything through your unmonkey-like conduct.”
Oboo had not much to say, for he could not talk anything well
except love, and that he could not talk in company. So he took her
reproaches, but felt humiliated; and his embarrassment was
increased by the raillery of the others, who said he could love but
could not run, and that in the tussle with the girl, he had been
beaten. They were so merry at his expense, all the company joining
in, that he got his “monkey up,” and, becoming enraged, vented his
ill humor on Ilo, the successful ape, who had brought back Sosee.
“You could not have caught her,” he said, “if I had not driven her
into your arms.”
“You would never drive a girl into another’s arms, if you could
avoid it,” replied Ilo; at which the company chattered merrily their
assent.
“I should have caught her,” he said “had you not interfered. She
was already mine, and you only took after her after she was
captured.”
“I suppose,” replied the other, “you would like to have her, now
that you have lost the old woman.”
“I am entitled to her,” he said, “and I shall take her from you.”
“You could not keep her when you had her,” replied Ilo; “and do
you expect to both take her from me and keep her yourself?”
“You got her by chance, and could not help taking her when she
ran into your arms.”
“I notice, however, that you did not take her when she ran into
your arms,” was the reply.
“I will show you,” said Oboo, “that I can take her from both herself
and her captor;” at which he seized the girl, and was about to lead
her away, when the other dealt him a severe blow.
 This was the signal for a great fight. Oboo sprang at the assailant,
striking him with hand and foot. The latter then flew at Oboo with
both hands, seizing him by the neck. There was now a hand to hand
struggle, in which Oboo tried to punch the stomach of his rival, while
the latter tried to throw Oboo to the ground. Oboo with his great
jaws seized the shoulder of Ilo, who, in turn, dealt Oboo a blow with
the other hand, and then bit off his ear. They now fought with both
hands and feet and jaws, and the region round about echoed with
their growls. Oboo was finally thrown to the ground, when the other
jumped upon him, and nearly beat out his breath. As often as he
tried to rise the other knocked him down, and sat upon him. The
victory was evidently with Ilo, and Oboo would have fared worse had
not the woman, who really started the quarrel, now interfered to
end it. She took the part of her quondam lover, for whom she
discovered a lingering affection, as soon as she saw that he was
likely to be slain. She growled and seized the victorious ape, and,
after a little struggle between the three, Oboo was allowed to get up
and walk away. Too weak to fight and too cross not to, he gave
some savage growls as he retreated, and threatened to whip his
contestant and take away the girl at another time.
Oboo felt that this was an inglorious day for him—to lose two
lovers and get one thrashing. He had, however, only himself to
blame. He persisted in making love when he should have been
watching a captive. He failed to catch either a young man or a
young girl, and when the latter ran into his arms, he failed to retain
her, but got worsted in the struggle which ensued; and when he
finally would avenge his failures on a more successful ape, he was
ingloriously beaten. He therefore lost prestige, military and social,
for which he said all the Apes would have to suffer. He was more
angry after his fights than in them, so that his rage came at a time
when it could not serve him. Monkeys, like men, are more angry at
others for their own failures than for anything else, and so Oboo
determined to avenge his own blunders on others.
The only one who showed him any sympathy was the woman
Oola, who got him into all his trouble. She indicated a willingness to
take him back into favor. But Oboo was too cross to entertain
proposals even of love, and he went grumbling away, like Achilles, to
meditate mischief and make himself more miserable.
 CHAPTER XV.
uch was the wrath of Oboo, great
monkey from beyond the Swamp,
which, kindled by defeated love,
against all mortals, sent many
souls of heroes to the Shades,
and gave their bodies a prey to
beasts and birds. Unappeased it
flamed in wars unquenchable,
and almost sent the human race
out of history, and gave back the
earth to monkeys, snakes and
wide-spreading marshes.
Instigated by the woman who
had lost her child, and who was
for a second time bereaved by
the loss of its substitute, Oboo
proposed the next day that Sosee be given back to the Ammi, in
exchange for the child first captured. This was suggested, not
because he cared for the child, but because he desired to punish the
ape who had got possession of Sosee. If he could not himself have
the girl, he did not want another to have her. Such jealousy was in
the minds of sub-mortals.
This the swift-footed Ilo, captor of Sosee, stoutly resisted. “If you
touch a hair of that maiden,” he said, “I will jump with both feet
against your belly and scratch out all monkeydom. To your licking of
last night I will add your death to-day. Hear me, O Shoozoo, if ever
monkey was so wronged as I, and help me to avenge myself upon
this insolent gusher, who has already made love to all the apes, and
now wants my little and dear prize, which alone is to comfort my
home, and gather my plantains in the far off forests of the uplands.”
And he walked along the shore of the loud-roaring frog pond.
In the meantime Koree, who had eluded his pursuers, was picking
his way through the Swamp, carrying Orlee in his arms and Sosee in
his heart, hoping that his beloved was likewise threading her way by
another route to the Ammi, where they would soon meet to enjoy
perpetually their love. This consummation, however, was not to be
reached so soon; but many adventures must first be encountered by
both.
As he journeyed on he saw a great cloud spreading over the
Swamp, darkening the skies, so that he supposed that Night had
suddenly settled down upon Day. Great swarms of bats came out
and filled the air with their dull beatings, which added terror to the
mystery.
Then followed a great rain, or flood from the skies, which, though
lasting but a few minutes, came in such torrents that trees were
broken in two and all the land submerged. Koree believed that the
Sea had suddenly come upon the Land with the Night, and that
Death had come with both to claim him and all things else.
The sun, however, soon came out, reviving his hope; but it came
so hot, that though it scarcely penetrated the thick foliage, which
was matted with tangled vines, it generated stifling gases, which,
rising from the damp shades, nearly strangled him; so that, having
escaped death from the water, he now expected it from the air.
Next came a great terror, and he expected to die from fright.
There was a desperate battle between a hippopotamus and an
alligator which reddened the yellow flood, and stirred it into a wilder
foam than the great rain had done. The alligator he believed to be
the great Dragon of Shoozoo, or Devil of the Watery World.
Soon the whole swamp was filled with animals. Called out by the
rain, some had come to feed, knowing that the waters, stirred by the
shower, would be alive with fish and reptiles, while others—great
land animals—had been disturbed in their lairs by the washout.
Among these last was a great three-toed tapir, which seemed to be
lost; and, following near it, came a more graceful animal, having a
long tail and two-toed feet, forming a kind of intermediate type
between a hog and a deer. These two animals were closely watched
by a cave lion, which, washed out of his cave by the flood, was
approaching them stealthily in hope of a meal. The sight was one of
mingled fear and relief to Koree; for if the lion had not his eye on
some desirable game, he would have attacked him. He awaited,
therefore, with anxiety the next movements of the beasts, expecting
another fight like that between the hippopotamus and the alligator,
when a more dreadful sight alarmed both him and the lion, as well
as the game which the lion was pursuing, and started them all in
different directions.
 THE BATTLE IN THE SWAMP.

This was the appearance of a Dinotherium running at full speed,

with another animal on its back, both engaged in a fatal conflict.
This Dinotherium looked to Koree like a moving hill, so huge were
his dimensions. He was a combination of elephant, camel and
kangaroo, having a huge hunch on his back, powerful tusks issuing
from his jaws, and a pouch underneath, like our Marsupials. The
beast on his back was what is known to scientists as a Machairodus,
a terrible, carnivorous, cat-like creature, with long saber-shaped
canines in its upper jaw, fitting it to pull down and destroy the huge
pachyderms (which could easily shake off a lion or tiger.) This
monster and this terror of the forest, which together seemed like all
the great animals rolled into one, were now united in a death deal.
While the cat-like beast was fastening its fangs in the flesh of the
other, the latter tried alternately to shake him off and to roll over
him. But the savage beast, with great skill, defeated these attempts.
The huge monster next tried to run under the horizontal limb of a
tree, which, though high, was yet too low to permit him to pass
under with his load. Koree thought that the beast on top would now
be scraped off; but not so. On approaching the limb he jumped over
it, like a circus-rider, and alighted on the running beast on the other
side. The two now darted on through the Swamp, and at last
plunged into a deep lake. The rider was thrown from his place, and,
as he could not swim, was drowned. The other, however, which was
accustomed to navigate the lakes of this region, and often entered
even the open sea, swam across the lake (a deep pool in the
slough,) and there, after floating awhile, like a ship unable to find a
harbor, moored himself to the bank with his tusks; and in this
position Koree left him.
“Where can Sosee be during this flood?” soliloquized Koree, as he
started again on his way; “and will she escape the rage of all these
beasts?” He remembered, however, her agility in climbing trees, and
her repeated escapes from greater dangers; so that his fears were
soon calmed in his confidence, and the thought of meeting her again
made him quickly forget the great forces of nature and animals
which he had just seen in their struggles.
 CHAPTER XVI.
hen Koree returned with his
charge to the Ammi, these were
engaged in one of their sports,
which consisted in throwing
cocoanuts, and the rush of all to
get them, much as their
descendants now play football.
Some of the younger ones
amused themselves by racing up
and down the trees trying to
catch one another, and
occasionally shaking each other
from the branches. One little girl
had caught a skunk which she
was trying to feed with figs, to
the great disgust of the skunk. All
had apparently forgotten the absent ones; for the memory of our
first ancestors was short, not having yet been exercised on history.
“I told you to drop that skunk,” said an old woman, “and had you
minded me you would not now be sneezing and spitting so violently.
Go down to the spring and wash yourself.”
Just then a cocoanut flying through the air, struck the woman in
the eye, and for a moment she did not know whether it was the
odor from the skunk, or a ball from the players that knocked her
down.
“I told you to be careful with your cocoanuts,” she said, “and had
you minded me you would not get this shaking;” at which she seized
the nearest player by the hair and administered several pulls and
scratches.
 Finally Koree made his appearance, leading Orlee by the hand. His
first anxiety was to know whether Sosee had returned, whom he
was alarmed not to see among the players. The mother of Orlee ran
franticly to receive her child, which she fondled with an incoherent
chattering.
“Where is Sosee?” asked Koree.
“Where is Sosee?” asked the mother at the same time.
Both looked at each other in amazement, and no words were
needed to express their mutual disappointment.
“Have you restored to me one child only to lose another?” asked
the mother reproachfully.
“Have I lost a lover,” replied Koree, “only to rescue a baby?”
Both, forgetful of what they had, were about to quarrel over what
they had not. Koree, however, was the more inconsolable, because
he had lost all that he went for, which he had, indeed, before
starting, and went to retain rather than to acquire. For he went for
Sosee rather than for Orlee, seeking the latter only that he might not
lose the former.
“Wait,” said Gimbo, the grandfather of Sosee, “and she may yet
return. She is doubtless in the swamp detained by some attraction or
difficulty.”
“Sosee, unincumbered and swift of foot,” replied Koree, “would
not be longer in returning than I with the child. She has either been
re-captured by the Lali, or else met with a disaster in the swamp.
Perhaps the lion I saw chasing the tapirs devoured her;” and he
grieved like Pyramus mourning for Thisbe.
Little did he think that at that moment she was the cause of a
quarrel between Oboo and Ilo in the far off land of the Lali. The
mother was less concerned, both because she was in the first joys of
receiving a restored child, and because, in addition to the
uncertainty as to whether Sosee would not return, it was not
customary for our ancestors of that day to concern themselves about
their grown children. When their offspring had passed the disabilities
of infancy, they were allowed to shift for themselves. Orlee, being
still a child, was, therefore, dearer to the mother than Sosee; and
so, measurably content with the former, she was willing to trust the
other to her lover or herself.
When Koree, however, became satisfied that Sosee was lost, he
resolved to find her; and, as his fears early persuaded him that she
was lost (since fear acts faster in the absence and confidence in the
presence of lovers,) he resolved at once to get up an expedition for
her recapture.
To set all doubt at rest about her whereabouts, some neutral
monkeys, who had recently visited the Lali in a migration southward,
now came to the Ammi. They informed the latter that the chief talk
among the Lali was about the capture of a beautiful girl, and the
quarrel of two apes over her possession. They said also that they
heard it intimated among the Lali, that as the girls of the Ammi were
more beautiful than those of the Lali, they had a project to capture
more of them.
Armed with this information and these threats, Koree now went
about to rouse the infant race of men to arms. Rumor went before
him, and that which had been a hint soon became an assertion.
Horrid tales of captured maidens filled the imaginations of Cocoanut
Hill. The young women were especially interested, some hoping they
would escape capture, and others that they would not. The old men
and women were indifferent, especially as babies were not to be
captured. But the young men were easily aroused, especially those
who had lovers, and they determined to defend their own.
A league was, therefore, entered into by the young men of the
Ammi, which the older men soon after joined, to proceed, like the
united princes of Greece, to recapture the stolen maiden and restore
her to this earlier Menelaus. Another and older siege of Troy was
thus planned, which, like many battles greater than Homer’s, was
lost to history, and can now be restored only by meager relics saved
from the past.
 Let us then proceed, Homer-like, to build up the history of this
war, as the mammoth has been rebuilt by putting together here and
there a bone, and as Roman history has been constructed by
inspecting coins and broken statues. Greater battles are lost than
any that are retained in history. The greatest throes of earth and of
its inhabitants have escaped even tradition, and are now to be
exhumed only from the forgotten. We dig up history as we do
potatoes, and wonder that so much activity has been buried. History
is now built from this end, and long periods of forgetfulness are
being reclaimed. Like the bridges which span the Mississippi, we
throw up great highways across prehistoric periods, and prospect in
times and lands beyond the known.
 CHAPTER XVII.
usy now were the preparations for
dire war. Not that troops were to
be armed, or supplies collected
for a long campaign. No vessels
were to be fitted out to cross the
Swamp, or ambulances prepared
for the wounded. No loans were
to be negotiated or preliminaries
of diplomacy settled. The early
men were always ready for war,
in fact were always at war. One of
the first advances of mankind
was made when wars were
separated from peace, and men
observed the difference. As yet
war was the natural state, and
never had to be declared. Whenever a man met an ape, or even a
wild beast, the signal was given for a fight. The race had not yet
learned peace, which had to be learned before war, the arts of peace
being all of later development. Men had fists before they had plows,
and took their food before they produced it.
But the Ammi were, nevertheless, busy with preparations for war.
Those are often busiest who have least to do. The excitement made
them active, and they rushed about impatient to begin the fray. They
had not yet learned to wait, or to take time for things. To resolve
was, as yet, to commence. Unaccustomed to those great
achievements which require time for preparation, they would enter
into a long war as quickly as into a single battle. Had they found
their enemy they would have fought that day. The battle generally
comes too late for savages, the impulse for war being expended
before the fight begins.
Still a few things had to be prepared. While they expected to get
their rations from the Swamp, and to rely on some stone heap for
weapons, they remembered that in the few years of their separate
life as Men they had accumulated some wealth. This it was thought
best to protect. They had large quantities of cocoanuts and other
fruits in their dens; they had made some valuable instruments of
stones and shells; their dug-outs themselves were worth much to
them, and would likely be destroyed in their absence; for all which
reasons some of the older men opposed the project of war; for
wealth is always a promoter of peace.
“It is better to keep our caves and cocoanuts,” said Oko, a stingy
fellow, “then to get back a girl.”
Their very position in the Cocoanut Hill region was deemed
valuable on account of its abundant fruits and its nearness to the
Swamp with its game. They found it advisable, therefore, to protect
their homes and country, and for that purpose determined to leave
some at home. They learned also that some of their implements
might be used in war, or rather recalled the fact, since they were
first invented for purposes of war; and it took some time to select
what they wanted and to provide for its transportation. Some, not
accustomed to hunt, or not liking the products of the Swamp,
concluded to take with them the sweetest nuts and juiciest fruits of
the Cocoanut Hill region, while others were busy determining the
best route to the other side of the Swamp.
These things required activity, and men and women were
accordingly busy preparing for war. For the warriors were not
confined to men. There were amazons before there were belles.
Woman’s equality in public affairs was recognized before her
inferiority, and equal rights were as yet the law of the race. Instead
of leaving the women behind to protect their homes, they concluded
to leave the old and the children behind, while the able-bodied of
both sexes were all to go to the field. Oko, the stingy fellow just