RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY, AND MAINTAINABILITY (RAM) ANALYSIS FOR

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF POWER GENERATION MACHINES

Analisis Reliability, Availability, dan Maintainability (RAM) untuk Evaluasi Kinerja
Mesin Pembangkit Listrik

Rahmat Nurcahyo1, Fahmi Wahyu Tri Nugroho1, Ellia Kristiningrum1,2

1Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
2
Center for Research of Testing Technology and Standards, Research and Innovation

Email: [email protected]

Diterima: 13 September 2022, Direvisi: 27 Januari 2023, Disetujui: 27 Juni 2023

Abstrak

This paper presents a reliability, availability, and maintenance (RAM) analysis framework to evaluate the performance of Power
Generation Machines (MPL) as part of office infrastructure. MPL performance is evaluated by calculating maintenance
performance, including Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) to see reliability aspects, Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) to see
maintainability aspects, and availability to see its operational availability. This research used data as maintenance log sheet data
from three MPLs from January to September 2021. The results showed that MPL1 had the most optimal condition with an
availability value of 93.48%, MPL2 was 82.19%, and MPL3 was 70.55%. Root cause analysis was carried out using Fishbone
Diagram. It was able to identify the main problems in the machine's age and the procedure for submitting maintenance.
Maintenance performance improvement is very much needed, especially the availability aspect for MPL2 and MPL3, as well as
the valuation of existing preventive care. In addition, determining qualification standards for availability, MTBF, and machine
MTTR needs to be carried out as a quantitative consideration in making MPL replacement decisions.
Keywords: Maintenance, performance, reliability, maintainability, availability, Power Generation Machine

Abstract

Makalah ini menyajikan kerangka analisis keandalan, ketersediaan, dan pemeliharaan (RAM) untuk mengevaluasi
kinerja Mesin Pembangkit Listrik (MPL) sebagai bagian dari infrastruktur kantor. Performa MPL dievaluasi dengan
menghitung performa maintenance, antara lain Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) untuk melihat aspek reliability,
Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) untuk melihat aspek maintainability, dan availability untuk melihat ketersediaan
operasionalnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sebagai data log sheet pemeliharaan dari tiga MPL periode
Januari hingga September 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPL1 memiliki kondisi paling optimal dengan
nilai ketersediaan sebesar 93,48%, MPL2 sebesar 82,19%, dan MPL3 sebesar 70,55%. Analisis akar penyebab
dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fishbone Diagram. Mampu mengidentifikasi masalah utama pada usia mesin dan
prosedur pengajuan perawatan. Peningkatan kinerja perawatan sangat diperlukan, terutama aspek ketersediaan
untuk MPL2 dan MPL3, serta valuasi perawatan preventif yang ada. Selain itu, penentuan standar kualifikasi
availability, MTBF, dan MTTR mesin perlu dilakukan sebagai pertimbangan kuantitatif dalam pengambilan
keputusan penggantian MPL.
Kata kunci: Pemeliharaan, kinerja, keandalan, pemeliharaan, ketersediaan, Mesin Pembangkit Listrik

1. INTRODUCTION financial services, including banking. (Aribowo et al.,

2020). The need for electricity supply is the primary
need for offices to carry out their business activities.
The development progress of a country depends on This dependence is increasing with technological
the production, use, and storage of its energy advances and industrial growth (Zazoum, 2022). The
(Zazoum, 2022). In Indonesia, the increase in national power generating machine (MPL) is essential to
economic growth is one of the triggers for increasing ensure the availability of electricity supply when there
electricity consumption (Muchlis & Permana, 2003). is a problem with the electricity supply from the
Economic growth indicators are also shown by the government. The amount of electricity a power-
development of office buildings in various areas with generating machine produces is strongly influenced by
various types of businesses in them, both as its type and capacity. Aribowo et al. (2020) mention the
commercial areas, hotel businesses, offices, and factors that affect the production of electricity per type
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Jurnal Standardisasi Volume 25 Nomor 1, Maret 2023: Hal 41 - 52

of power plant, among others, the loading capacity management in an organization at least ensures asset
both as a base load and a peak load, the loading functionality, including product availability, reliability,
characteristics, and the operating time of the power and quality. In addition, maintenance ensures the
generating unit. organization reaches the planned service life, ensures
In the era of global competition and increasing environmental safety, and efficient use of resources
stakeholder demands, fundamental business (Muchiri et al., 2011; Nurcahyo et al., 2019).
demands exist to improve industry performance. In several case studies (Table 1), RAM analysis
Industry performance and competitiveness depend on has been used to evaluate system and subsystem
the reliability and productivity of their production performance (Simon et al., 2014; Ahmadi et al., 2019;
facilities (Muchiri et al., 2011). Previous research has Cevasco et al., 2021; Kumar et al.,, 2022; Corvaro et
concluded that equipment maintenance and system al., 2017; Leite et al., 2022; Jagtap et al., 2021; Arias
reliability are important factors affecting an Velásquez & Mejía Lara, 2018). A reliability study on a
organization's ability to provide quality and timely series capacitor bank to be located at the Cotaruse 220
services to customers and to stay ahead of the kV substation in Peru implemented calculations
competition (Muchiri et al., 2011; Arias Velásquez & divided into forced and scheduled blackouts (Arias
Mejía Lara, 2018; Dachyar et al., 2018; Corvaro et al., Velásquez & Mejía Lara, 2018). Drilling machine
2017; Guo et al., 2007). Therefore, the maintenance reliability, maintainability, and availability for earth
function is crucial for the continuous performance of pressure balance tunnels were investigated by
any manufacturing plant. Agrawal et al., (2019) and resulted in an availability rate
As an effort to determine the level of maturity in of 61%, increasing to 70% with proper maintenance
carrying out asset management in an organization, and planning. Jagtap et al. (2021) revealed that the
Cahyo et al. (2021) have proposed the asset proposed RAM framework helps decision-makers to
management maturity model, which combines an plan maintenance activities according to subsystem
approach based on SAM+ for ISO 55001:2014 and criticality levels and allocate resources accordingly.
risk management to determine the maturity level of Cevasco et al. (2021) present a comprehensive
asset management in an organization. The research review and discussion of identifying critical
assessed maturity using the Self-Assessment components of offshore wind turbines, presenting
Methodology Plus (SAM +) software on ISO 55001: recommendations on feasible efforts to improve the
2014 developed by The IAM. Equipment maintenance prediction of future offshore project performance. The
management must be able to assist management in RAM factor is a strategic approach to integrate
achieving its operational performance goals. reliability, availability, and maintenance, using
Equipment performance significantly affects methods, tools, and engineering techniques (Mean
organizational performance (Dachyar et al., 2018). Time to Failure, Equipment down Time and System
Various methodologies and equipment accompany Availability values) to identify and measure equipment
maintenance activities to maintain productive process and system failures that prevent the achievement of
continuity. Complexity ranges from simple repairs to productive goals (Corvaro et al., 2017). Unplanned
complex managerial tasks, where the main goal is failures can result in high costs, especially when
failure prevention (Corvaro et al., 2017). Maintenance machines are challenging to repair, or parts are far
is the sum total of all technical and administrative away (Simon et al., 2014). The reliability of each
actions aimed at maintaining an object or returning it to subsystem is determined by the best probability
a state where it can perform its required functions (BSI, distribution function (Ahmadi et al., 2019).
1984; Pintelon & Puyvelde, 2006). Maintenance

Table 1 Previous research.

Author Research object
(Arias Velásquez & Mejía Lara, 2018) capacitor bank
(Agrawal et al., 2019) tunnel boring machine operating
(Jagtap et al., 2021) a circulation system of water
(Leite et al., 2022) railway locomotive bogies
(Cevasco et al., 2021) trends in offshore wind energy applications
(Corvaro et al., 2017) reciprocating compressors API 618
(Ahmadi et al., 2019) conveyor system in mechanized tunneling
(Simon et al., 2014) the main conveyor in the Svea Coal Mine

42
 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis for Performance Evaluation of
Power Generation Machines
(Rahmat Nurcahyo, Fahmi Wahyu Tri Nugroho, Ellia Kristiningrum)

This study will explore the performance of an profitability, customer satisfaction, and productivity.
organization's vital infrastructure in the electrical Maintenance management must make decisions
aspect, namely the power generator machine (MPL), about maintenance targets and the strategies that
by calculating the Reliability, Availability, and need to be implemented to ensure that the plant
Maintainability (RAM). The object of research is a operates at the required conditions while meeting
machine that has been operating since 1995 and is a production targets at optimal cost (Muchiri et al., 2011).
reasonably vital infrastructure. Equipment life Maintenance work is seen as a reactive task,
influences maintenance activities because of the which requires repairing and replacing spare parts or
higher potential for damage (Nurcahyo et al., 2016). simply repairing damaged equipment (Nurcahyo et al.,
Analysis of the results of the maintenance of power 2019). Maintenance activities are viewed as non-
plant machines is needed to maintain or improve the productive, non-core support functions that add little
quality that has been previously owned. value to the business. However, the role of
maintenance is very supportive of the manufacturing
2. LITERATURE REVIEW department, and to meet maintenance objectives, the
maintenance team needs to involve trained operators
In production systems, the device's functionality is in routine maintenance (Lazim & Ramayah, 2010)
measured once the system is up and running. In Corder et al. (1992) divide maintenance
addition to normal wear and tear, other failures may activities into four types: planned maintenance,
occur, mainly due to equipment exceeding design preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and
limits or operating errors. Factory downtime, quality emergency maintenance. Furthermore, the British
problems, slowdowns, safety risks, or environmental national standards body (BSI) further classifies
pollution are apparent consequences. All these maintenance activities according to Figure 1.
consequences can negatively impact critical
performance requirements such as operating costs,
Prognosis of degradation

Change of intrinsic
dependability
characteristic
Improvement
Not
evolution

No observation of degraded No maintenance

degradation action
Predetermined
maintenance Predictive
maintenance
Preventive
Maintenance Condition based degraded
maintenance Active preventive
maintenance maintenance
Before
Non Predictive
failure
condition based
Observation of degradation maintenance
dependability
characteristic
No change of

Immediate
immediate
intrinsic

corrective No maintenance
degradation evolution

maintenance Not action

Corrective degraded
After maintenance
No prognosis of

failure
Deferred corrective
maintenance
deferred

Figure 1 Type and classification of maintenance (BSI, 2017).

BS EN 13306 establishes general terms and and avoids unscheduled maintenance activities
definitions for the technical, administrative, and (Dachyar et al., 2018). In preventive maintenance,
managerial maintenance fields. Maintenance is carried predictive maintenance is the most suitable method to
out when there is a change in the intrinsic dependent be implemented in the industry (Nurcahyo et al., 2018).
characteristics to improve the performance of the Reliability engineering is not new method
equipment. On the other hand, preventive (Kumar et al., 2022). Like other engineering systems,
maintenance is scheduled before a failure occurs, and the failure of one or more units of a function in an
repair maintenance is scheduled when a failure industry will disrupt processes that should run properly.
occurs. Preventative maintenance increases asset life Reliability engineering is relevant to all aspects of plant
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Jurnal Standardisasi Volume 25 Nomor 1, Maret 2023: Hal 41 - 52

design and operation, applying reliability analysis and

prediction techniques early, greatly assisting the Maintainability
design team in selecting the technology to be used (Al-
Douri et al., 2021). Maintainability is the probability that a failed
system/equipment/item will be returned to a
Reliability satisfactory operating condition over time t by applying
maintenance (Dhillon, 2006; Ahmadi et al., 2019).
Reliability is defined as the ability of the system to Maintainability, which is also defined as the ability of an
perform tasks under certain conditions and at certain item to be maintained or recovered to a condition
time intervals (BSI, 2017). When a system can perform where the item can function when maintenance is
the specified job more quickly, it is more reliable carried out following existing procedures, can be
(Modarres et al., 2016; (Ahmadi et al., 2019). Mean measured by an indicator called the Mean Time to
Time Between Failures (MBTF) is an indicator to Repair (MTTR). This indicator is the average time that
measure the reliability of a machine. MBTF is the shows how long it takes an item from breakdown until
average time between one failure and the next on a it can operate again. The equation can calculate the
machine. Failure is due to the inability of a part of the MTTR value:
system or equipment to operate under certain
conditions, where the leading causes of loss include
poor or incomplete design, manufacturing defects, 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟 =
𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
(4)
incorrect use, improper placement and installation,
wear, and failure in other parts of the system. The (Dervitsiotis, 1981)
system, and a gradual decline in operation (Ahmadi et
al., 2019).
3. METHODS
To calculate the Mean Time Between Failures
(MTBF), first, the Actual Operating Time of the three
BS EN 133006 defines maintenance as a combination
Power Generation Machines that are used as research
of all technical, administrative, and managerial actions
objects are calculated. Calculations are carried out
during the life cycle of an item. This action is intended
using the Equation:
to maintain or restore the function of the item so that it
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 − can carry out the required process. This study
(𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 + 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) (1) conducted RAM analysis based on the definition set
out in BS EN 13006 as well as other studies that have
The following Equation can calculate the MTBF been completed (Ahmadi et al., 2019; Arias Velásquez
value: & Mejía Lara, 2018; Corvaro et al., 2017; Jagtap et al.,
2021; Kumar et al., 2022; Leite et al., 2022).
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝐵𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 =
𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
(2)
(Dervitsiotis, 1981)
3.1 Research stage

Availability Power generation machines are fundamental to

ensure that an office building continues operating
Availability is the probability that the device/system will during working hours, even 24 hours. It concerns the
function properly at time t when used in an ideal needs of the structure consisting of 23 floors and a
environment under certain conditions. Intrinsic server or data centre that must be continuously used
availability is the most commonly used definition in the because, in this case, the office of a company engaged
reliability literature (Simon et al., 2014). Measuring the in the banking sector. This research was conducted
value of the availability of an item requires data on with three electric generating machines with a capacity
when the item can operate and when the item is of 1,500 kVA for each machine. The machine was
processed. The following Equation can calculate the manufactured in 1991 with a frequency of 50 Hz, a
availability value: rotational speed of 1,500 RPM, type 4 stroke, and
several cylinders, namely 16. The study was carried
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝐴𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 = (3) out according to the steps shown in Figure 2.
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒

(Dervitsiotis, 1981)

44
 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis for Performance Evaluation of
Power Generation Machines
(Rahmat Nurcahyo, Fahmi Wahyu Tri Nugroho, Ellia Kristiningrum)

Start

Identification research
problem

Literature review

Qualitative information on Primary data Secondary data Maintenance long

maintenance and failure collection collection sheet data

Data processing

Data analysing Fish bone diagram

Compilation of
conclusions and
recommendations

Finish

Figure 2 Research steps.

This research was conducted in September Data processing is carried out to get the
2021. Figure 2 presents the research steps that begin maintenance performance of the three machines at a
with problem identification. This study identifies the predetermined period. The calculation of engine
condition of the availability of machines available to reliability, availability, and maintainability are based on
support building operations and finds out the leading equations (1), (2), and (3), which are then analyzed for
causes of failure of the power plant engine. Support for data and problems using Fishbone Diagram/Root
literature studies is carried out by searching the results Cause Analysis to get to the root of the problem. The
of research that has been carried out related to RAM preparation of conclusions and recommendations in
analysis on several research objects. Secondary data this study is intended to assist office owners or building
is obtained from the maintenance log sheet of three managers in monitoring the condition of the availability
Power Generation Machines (MPL) in an office of machines that support building operations and find
building from a company engaged in banking from out the leading causes of failure of power plant
January 2021 to September 2021. machines through the analysis carried out. It can also
Researchers collected data by identifying be considered as information on whether a machine or
maintenance records, including oil pressure, water equipment can still be maintained as infrastructure in
temperature, components on the battery (Accu water, an office or the need for overhaul or procurement of
connecting battery), engine RPM, hours meter, and new machines/equipment.
load (frequency, voltage, current). The assumption is
that if the notes on the sheet are in normal condition, it 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
indicates the machine can operate adequately. The
data from the log sheet are machine operating time Analysis of the characteristics of RAM on a power plant
data, machine breakdown time, damage frequency, engine affects the effectiveness of the engine's
and causes of machine damage. In addition to performance. This analysis is used to find critical
secondary data collection, primary data collection was subsystems to facilitate the development of
conducted through interviews with employees who are appropriate maintenance strategies; RAM is a valuable
responsible and directly involved in maintenance tool for finding essential subsystems. It helps in
activities to obtain qualitative information. The deciding the proper maintenance strategy.
information needed is in the form of how the
maintenance activities are already running, including
the cause of the failure of the power plant engine.
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Jurnal Standardisasi Volume 25 Nomor 1, Maret 2023: Hal 41 - 52

Reliability Month MPL1 MPL2 MPL3

(hour) (hour) (hour)
The failure and repairable data from the power
generation engine are used for continuous analysis. In May 184,75 184,75 185
this case, the primary data sources, in the form of June 179 131 179
reports recorded in the log sheet and various
qualitative sources, have been used. July 185 0 35
Based on the log-sheet data and Equation (1), August 185 149 0
the actual operating time values in January –
September range of the three machines are shown in September 179 179 35
Table 2.
Total 1538,75 1341,75 1150

Table 2 Data on the actual operating time of power Average 307,75 268,35 230
plant machines in 2021 (January-September).
Month MPL1 MPL2 MPL3
(hour) (hour) (hour) The reliability value is used to predict system
availability. In addition, it helps in recognizing the
January 740 668 740 functionality of the equipment/subsystem/system
February 308 668 668 (Jagtap et al., 2021). Economic reasons from
manufacturers have historically driven reliability
March 740 740 740 requirements or objectives. These requirements are
usually expressed by a reliability number assigned
April 716 716 716
over the life period, or by Mean Time To Failure, Mean
May 739 739 740 Time Between Failure, Mean Time To the First Failure
(one shot devices), MTBF for repairable
June 716 524 716 systems/products, or Mean Time to a Critical Failure or
July 740 0 140 between critical failures (Krasich, 2009). Table 3 shows
the widely varying MTBF values from MPL1, MPL2,
August 740 596 0 and MPL3. The more excellent MTBF value generated
September 716 716 140 by the machine shows the machine has better
performance. The engine tends to be longer for the
Total 6155 5367 4600 interval between failures. Vice versa, the lower the
value of the resulting MTBF, the worse the machine's
performance. It is in line with the research of Cevasco
The existence of Actual Operating Time is et al. (2021); Harman et al. (2008), which state that
strongly influenced by several indicators, namely higher reliability will lead to generally higher technical
Specified Operating Time, which is machine operating availability. Table 3 shows that MPL1 performs better
time 24 hours a day; preventive maintenance, where than the other two machines, with an average MTBF
the average value for each month is 4 hours; and of 307,75 hours.
corrective maintenance time that varies each month
according to the machine conditions. Table 3 shows Maintainability
the MTBF calculation using this indicator.
Equipment maintenance is expressed in probabilities.
Table 3 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) data Probability shows the equipment's working condition
for power generation machines in 2021 (January- after being repaired within the specified time interval.
September). Data on equipment repair time were used for
Month MPL1 MPL2 MPL3 maintenance analysis (Jagtap et al., 2021). Table 4
(hour) (hour) (hour) shows the results of the MTTR calculation for the three
power plant engines in the January – September
January 185 167 185 period.
February 77 167 167
March 185 185 185
April 179 179 179

46
 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis for Performance Evaluation of
Power Generation Machines
(Rahmat Nurcahyo, Fahmi Wahyu Tri Nugroho, Ellia Kristiningrum)

Table 4 Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) data for power Table 5 Data on the availability of power generation
generation machines in 2021 (January-September). machines in 2021 (January - September).
Month MPL1 MPL2 MPL3
Month MPL1 MPL2 MPL3
(hour) (hour) (hour)
January 99,46% 89,78% 99,46%
January 0 72 0
February 45,83% 99,40% 99,40%
February 360 0 0
March 99,46% 99,46% 99,46%
March 0 0 0
April 99,44% 99,44% 99,44%
April 0 0 0
May 99,33% 99,33% 99,46%
May 1 1 0
June 99,44% 72,78% 99,44%
June 0 192 0
July 99,46% 0,00% 18,82%
July 0 744 600
August 99,46% 80,11% 0,00%
August 0 144 744
September 99,44% 99,44% 19,44%
September 0 0 576
Total 841,32% 739,74% 634,92%
Total 361 1153 1920
Average 93% 82% 71%
Average 40,11 128,11 213,33

As with the MTBF value in the reliability MPL1 has the highest availability value among
analysis, the MTTR value generated from the three the other two machines, which shows the machine's
machines also varies greatly. Mean Time To Repair availability in the best condition and most feasible to
(MTTR) is a performance indicator used to determine operate.
an asset's maintenance (Ragala, 2022). The higher The RAM analysis method is capable of
the MTTR value of a machine, the longer it will take for estimating a system's production availability by
the machine to be operated again after a failure, and identifying failure modes, failure rates, and
vice versa. Management of maintenance activities is consequences while considering the effect on
based on close monitoring of maintenance production. RAM analysis can evaluate equipment
performance indicators. MTTR is considered one of performance and simulate the lifetime performance of
the key metrics to monitor. MTTR measures critical an asset to increase system productivity and overall
system shutdown times. A high MTTR equates to a profit and reduce lifecycle costs (including losses in
business being vulnerable to major outages when an production costs, maintenance costs, operating costs,
outage occurs, which can lead to severe business and so on). MPL 1 has the best MTBF, MTTR, and
disruption, customer dissatisfaction, and lost revenue availability values compared to the other two
(Raouhi et al., 2020)(Ragala, 2022). Table 4 shows machines, and this can be used as a guide in
that MPL1 has the best maintainability level compared conducting further analysis to improve the
to the other two MPLs. performance of MPL 2 and MPL 3.
A follow-up analysis was carried out to
Availability determine the main reason for the failure that occurred
in each machine. This analysis uses a Pareto diagram
The availability of each power-generating machine is for each machine based on the losses and damage
calculated using Equation (3). Table 5 shows the shown. Pareto analysis allows identifying problem
availability value of each power plant engine for the areas that must be analyzed as widely as possible
January – September period. System availability is using statistical methods (Ahmadi et al., 2019). The
defined as the ready status of a device both in quantity availability indicator accumulates the types of causes
(quantity) and quality according to the needs used to of the most extended downtime and the duration of
carry out the operation process (Pratama et al., damage that occurs in power plants. Figure 3 shows a
2019)(Tripathi et al., 2011). This availability can be diagram of the type and time of MPL damage.
used to assess the success or effectiveness of the
maintenance activities (Tripathi et al., 2011).

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Jurnal Standardisasi Volume 25 Nomor 1, Maret 2023: Hal 41 - 52

Figure 3 Types and duration of power plant machine damage (January - September 2021).

Figure 3 illustrates 80% of the total duration of used is a Fishbone Diagram to find the root of the
MPL damage caused by control speed damage that problem, divided into three aspects: Materials,
occurs in MPL2 and MPL3. In addition, there is Machines, and Methods. The fishbone diagram, often
damage to the Air Circuit Breaker (ACB) on the MPL3. referred to as a cause-and-effect diagram, is a tool
Meanwhile, the damage in MPL1 was caused by used to identify the root cause of a problem that
connecting the battery. represents the effect and the factors or causes that
After prioritizing 80% of the existing problems, influence it. This tool is a template for brainstorming
root cause analysis is needed to find out the origin of possible reasons for a result. With no limit to the
the cause of the damage. Primary data from interviews identified causes, this tool helps determine the root
with employees who understand and are directly cause in a structured and precise way (Shinde et al.,
responsible for MPL are used in this analysis. The tool 2018) (Coccia, 2018).

Figure 4 Analysis of the Root Problem of Power Plant Machine Damage Using Fishbone Diagram.

48
 Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) Analysis for Performance Evaluation of
Power Generation Machines
(Rahmat Nurcahyo, Fahmi Wahyu Tri Nugroho, Ellia Kristiningrum)

Figure 4 informs that the leading causes of

The root of the problem from the leading
damage to the Control Speed and Air Circuit Breaker
cause lies in the age of the old machine (operating
components that cause MPL damage for a long time
since 1995), and the procedure that takes quite a
are the machine's age and the procedures' existence.
while to apply to maintain a particular value is
The old age of the engine causes some engine parts
quite large. The queue procedure that places MPL
to no longer be able to provide the required
3 in the final order causes its performance to be
performance. In addition, the procedure for submitting
no better than the other two MPLs. Replacement
machine repairs and renewals takes a long time. Due
procedures take a long time due to the availability
to the significant value of the submission, it must go
of spare parts in the market, which are difficult to
through a separate process.
find, causing long queues for replacement of
Furthermore, it is necessary to formulate and spare parts also in MPL 3. The short-term strategy
develop strategies, as well as follow up to solve the that can be developed is to improve the availability
problems that have been identified. A maintenance performance of MPL2 and MPL3 by evaluating the
planning strategy can be prepared by dividing it into existing preventive maintenance for building
two levels, namely short-term and medium-term management. The mid-term strategy that can be
(Nurcahyo et al., 2018). The short-term strategy that determined is to analyze the planning for
can be taken is to increase the availability of MPL2 and procuring a new MPL. The procedure for
MPL3 by evaluating existing preventive maintenance proposing new MPL maintenance and
activities. Furthermore, the medium-term strategy can procurement needs to be evaluated by shortening
be set for activities to analyze the planning for the procurement process.
procuring new MPL. Thus, new MPLs can be available
The limitation of this study is that no further
when needed. In addition, it is also necessary to
analysis has been carried out regarding the proposed
implement a strategy so that the procedure for
strategy, and other research is needed to analyze the
assessing submissions from the building management
life cycle costs of the three existing MPLs as a
by building owners for maintenance with a particular
consideration for the company's future strategy,
value can be accelerated, especially for MPL, to
especially in the financial aspect.
shorten the downtime period and return to the status
available to operate.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
5. CONCLUSION
The authors thank the respondents and all parties who
helped smooth the research and writing this report.
This paper evaluates the reliability, availability,
and maintenance of power plant machines in an
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